This volcano represents the last volcano to produce an eruption rated on the Volcanic Explosivity Index as a 5. It falls into a rarity in terms of volcanoes which have produced obsidian lava flows in the last 2,000 years. Other examples include the Newberry volcano in Oregon and Medicine Lake in California.
Based on its eruptive history we should expect another lava flow between 2050-2070. But what's the threat of the main vent causing another massive eruption? As you said its been quite a while now
I was thinking this would be an fascinating volcano to visit, but too far and too high. Newberry and Medicine Lake are much more accessible. Also, since things have mostly opened up, are you planning any trips to any interesting parks or geologic sites? 💜🌎🌌🌞✌️😎🍀
I never get tired of your uploads. I honestly believe that you are going to go very far given the fairly nieche subjects you cover. Thank you for another informative and interesting video 👍
This is an interesting thing, the huge amount of obsidian sitting on the surface is an economic boon for Chile. This glass can be used for reproductions of traditional tools + weapons, as "gems" in jewellery or other crafting projects.
The Andes are a formidable chain indeed! Also worth mentioning the fact that there are many flank collapse scars throughout the Andes. So I'd imagine it can get even nastier with St Helens like Pelean eruptions. And of course there's always those megathrust earthquakes as well.
As if that was not enough, we have the Altiplano Puna volcanic complex, with many calderas, including La Pacana, a supervolcano worth an eruption Larger than Yellowstone’s !
I live in Brazil, I love volcanoes but we don't have any (last eruption was 50000 years bC). But I remember walking outside in 2011 and seeing the volcanic particles in the sky and being wondered. The sunsets also were amazing.
I'm curious to know why this volcano produced such a variety of lavas over a short period. Does this tell us anything about the subducted plate? Thank you for these succinct and informative videos.
I have a piece of obsidian my father brought back from Hawaii similar to what was displayed near the end. Just the history of the many things made from obsidian is extremely interesting too.
Obsidian scalpels are used in some heart surgeries because it’s so sharp it scars less. The ideal material for a razor blade would be obsidian but it wouldn’t wear out much, last ages and no one would make them.
This is interesting because I live about a HR drive away from a vast Obsidian lava feild that is here in Oregon. I just live west in the valley and the lava feilds are just over the pass where the 3 sisters mountains are and along the Cascade range where there is many peaks and active and non active geological activity going on. It's a pretty cool area. It's like a totally different world environment compared to the Willamette valley where I live.
@@GeologyHub There are obsidian flows all over Oregon. Lots of small ones in the Cascades / Three Sisters / Mount Jefferson area, and of course the huge ones at Glass Buttes, where I spend a few weeks a year. Perfect for flintknapping by day and astronomy by night.
Thanks for the awesome videos! If you ever get time it would be cool if you could talk about the old volcanic activity near Fairbanks Alaska. There is still hotsprings around and some of the cool hikes have large granite tors. It would be cool to hear the history of it all!
@JustaReadingguy I've read that obsidian is very dry. Not sure about other gases though. The lack of water is one reason it stays glassy. Water speeds up crystal formation.
Well, the name obsidian just says of its high silica content, making it quite viscous. Water on the other hand, decreases the viscosity of lava. So, both in terms of "mineralogy", and from the viscosity I would expect it to have a small quantity of water, but would not go as far as to describe it as dry. We generally only refer to mantle rocks (dunites and peridotites) as being dry.
Vast majority of the gas escaped during the explosive phase. Whatever remained of the gas was just enough to start up the effusive phase. Same thing happened with St-Helens in 1980.
@@marcondespaulo Not only that, but the presence of water adds volatility in the composition of magma. This is one of the main reasons why subduction volcanism is more explosive in general.
@@bouteilledeau1463 luckily, the most recent volcanism here is the Serra Geral formation, from the Cretaceous, that maybe covered from Paraguay to South Africa. Also, that could be a nice subject for a future video.
Obsidian is one of my favorite forms of rock or glass or lava whatever you want to call it it's so beautiful in the way it cracks and especially on a impact
When I saw the dark ash cover on the houses, "it's beginning to look a lot like Christmas" started playing in my mind. :D Chile has some of the most fascinating volcanoes in the world. It's neck and neck with Indonesia for my airline buck.
Great video! Have you had a chance to do the Mauna Kea volcano in Hawaii and were the earthquake(s) at Hualailai volcano magmatic or just seismic action from a fault line? I look forward to more videos in the near future!
The advisor to the Queen Elizabeth the first had a crystal ball made of entirely of this solid black obsidian, I'm curious how did John Dee get such a rare object in England.
I found a few small pieces of obsidian in Agua Fria National monument , they aren’t local and we’re brought from up north near Flagstaff’s San Francisco volcanic field
Glass Mountain and at least one other glass flow are part of the Medicine Lake Coldera in Northern Califonia. Pumise is frothed glass that is often ejected but some massive pumise is part of Glass Mountain.
@GeologyHub The glaciers around this volcano reminded me I've been meaning to request a video from you on Ice Cauldrons. Any chance we could get one? Thanks for your AMAZING channel!
I think you could make a fortune taking groups of people around the world to some of the more fascinating eruption sites, and explaining the eruptive history of them.
Another rare geologic phenomenon is natural molten sulphur, which sometimes even forms flows and lakes. I believe most instances of this occur in the Andes, and apparently all the molten sulphur in Kawa Ijen is man made for the purpose of sulphur harvesting (they condense it from the fumaroles or something along those lines iirc). Crazy how varied volcanic chemistry can be.
Wow! I was completely unaware that this eruption was so explosive. Until now, I've never heard anything about it. Pinatubo was the last devastating eruption that seems to have been documented on video well. Unfortunately, it's largest blast took place at night.
anything about how differences if rainbow, snowflake, fire,and other types of obsidian are formed? i hadnt heard about snow and rapid cooling being a factor before .. recently i found out that jet is/was petrified monkey puzzle tree
I was in Bariloche, Argentina on the day of the eruption. Ash was falling on my jacket, I thought it was rain until I brushed it and realized it was volcanic ash, the next day ash floated on the lake.
Great video! Given the enormous effusion of lava from Mauna Loa’s eruptions, why is there no equally enormous caldera created by the void that one would assume was left after the lava chambers were emptied?
Seismic activity all along the Western coast of America is due to oceanic crust subsidence under the continental crust. The movement is slow, maybe an inch per year. It is not lubricated, there is much friction between both crusts. Sometimes, so much friction that the movement gets stopped in places. When the pressure to subside is too great, it overcomes the frictional obstacle and causes sudden, violent movements: seismic activity. Another effect of oceanic crust subsidence is the following: As oceanic crust contains water, when it descends to the mantle under the continental crust, water gets released and ascends. As it ascends, pressure on it gets weaker, which much helps water to vaporize and push magma up, and finally cause volcanic eruptions.
my understanding, not that I speak Spanish or anything, but my understanding of the pronunciation of the volcano's name is paw-YEAR-weh kor-DONE KOR-yeh (the 'DONE' to rhyme with 'cone' or 'bone.') If there are any natives here, please feel free to correct me. Thanks for this video though, quite interesting.
Depth, basically…. Surface waters from the surrounding highlands (off the top of my head I don’t recall if it’s the Ouachitas or another range) sink down thru the heavily fractured rocks and sediments. As they go deeper, the earth’s geothermal gradient increases (the rocks get hotter as you descend). Eventually the waters reach a subsurface obstruction that blocks further descent, but allows the water to continue flowing back upwards along easier pathways. When the waters reach the surface at the town of Hot Springs, AR, they’re carrying that subsurface heat along with ‘em.
From an aviation perspective, this would have been MUCH worse than Eyjafjoll... it was high altitude, long duration which allowed for the ash cloud to circumnavigate the globe 2x. This crossed generally south of all major routes only affecting South America, very souther Africa and Australia... all which generally send air travel north. This eruption at US latitude would have stopped thr majority of global air travel for 2 weeks. Remember Eyjafjoll was limited in ash comparatively and look what it did to Europe.
Ok, so what made this eruption different? WHY did the lava cool so quickly that it formed obsidian? Lava flows all over the world DON'T make obsidian, the interesting question is what made this one do it? You kind of missed the whole point of the video IMHO.
Puyehue is the stratovolcano, Cordón Caulle is the fissure system. In spanish is also named Cordón del Caulle, wich means the Caulle Cord, probably refering to the elongated shape of the system, like a cord of volcanic features. Caulle means white and black.
Awesome video… very well done… you asked about a topic… how about volcanic eruptions during a Phoenix Rising which occur every 558 years… next one occurs April 15th 2023… there is evidence of a cycle of eruptions also noted in Revelation 12:1 which points to the astronomical alignment that happens every 558 years and also displayed on the Egyptian walls… 🙏❤️
I am glad that you enjoyed this video and thanks for the support! Obsidian lava flows are truly quite special, having fragmented then resolidifying largely before they come out of an eruptive vent.
This volcano represents the last volcano to produce an eruption rated on the Volcanic Explosivity Index as a 5. It falls into a rarity in terms of volcanoes which have produced obsidian lava flows in the last 2,000 years. Other examples include the Newberry volcano in Oregon and Medicine Lake in California.
Based on its eruptive history we should expect another lava flow between 2050-2070. But what's the threat of the main vent causing another massive eruption? As you said its been quite a while now
Hi mate. GREAT channel.
Please do the Mt Warning super volcano in Australia.
Keep up the great work
I was thinking this would be an fascinating volcano to visit, but too far and too high. Newberry and Medicine Lake are much more accessible. Also, since things have mostly opened up, are you planning any trips to any interesting parks or geologic sites? 💜🌎🌌🌞✌️😎🍀
When will the next major eruption happen in Greece?
Could you cover Chaitén and its major 2008 eruption?
I never get tired of your uploads. I honestly believe that you are going to go very far given the fairly nieche subjects you cover.
Thank you for another informative and interesting video 👍
This is an interesting thing, the huge amount of obsidian sitting on the surface is an economic boon for Chile. This glass can be used for reproductions of traditional tools + weapons, as "gems" in jewellery or other crafting projects.
I was thinking something similar. Though I have no idea if the location makes it easily exploitable or not.
Since Pinatubo, Chile is the country that had the most large level eruptions, VEI 4 and 5. Hudson, Chaitain, Cordon Caulle, Calbuco.
The Andes are a formidable chain indeed! Also worth mentioning the fact that there are many flank collapse scars throughout the Andes. So I'd imagine it can get even nastier with St Helens like Pelean eruptions. And of course there's always those megathrust earthquakes as well.
@HollywoodK And also one of the very rare VEI 6 eruption that didnt produce a Caldera. But thats in Peru not Chile.
As if that was not enough, we have the Altiplano Puna volcanic complex, with many calderas, including La Pacana, a supervolcano worth an eruption Larger than Yellowstone’s !
I mean with an eruption bigger than Yellowstone.
For those in the US, you can drive up to and then walk through a similar obsidian lava field at Newberry Crater, near Bend Oregon.
Wow, good to know! 😯
Thanks! 👍
I live only a few hours from this site. One of my favorite volcanic areas to visit, outside of the Dee Wright observatory
I live in Brazil, I love volcanoes but we don't have any (last eruption was 50000 years bC). But I remember walking outside in 2011 and seeing the volcanic particles in the sky and being wondered. The sunsets also were amazing.
I always learn something new from you like that the type of lava is controlled by how quickly it cools. Fascinating!
I love Obsidian 😍
me too!
I'm curious to know why this volcano produced such a variety of lavas over a short period. Does this tell us anything about the subducted plate? Thank you for these succinct and informative videos.
I have a piece of obsidian my father brought back from Hawaii similar to what was displayed near the end. Just the history of the many things made from obsidian is extremely interesting too.
I know they use it to make small blades for scalpels , it’s sharper than steel 😮
Awesome pictures and description of events and process of this volcano :)
I’ve only just found your channel so far I am so enjoying it even the voice. I’ve learnt quite a few things here ,that’s amazing about the glass.👌
Hey GeologyHub nice video. Is there a volcano that is just beginning to form and at the early stage of its lifecycle?
Kama'ehuakanaloa? (formerly known as Loi'hi Seamount. 😎)
@@theredrover3217 thanks!
Thanks! Volcanoes with unusual compositions are very interesting!
Obsidian scalpels are used in some heart surgeries because it’s so sharp it scars less. The ideal material for a razor blade would be obsidian but it wouldn’t wear out much, last ages and no one would make them.
Our Russian “noname” volcano in Kamchatka erupted a plume of smoke , 11 km in height, there are some videos on telegram
Yes! ruclips.net/video/d460_T6A9vA/видео.html
Chile Hermoso Saludos desde Costa Rica
This is interesting because I live about a HR drive away from a vast Obsidian lava feild that is here in Oregon. I just live west in the valley and the lava feilds are just over the pass where the 3 sisters mountains are and along the Cascade range where there is many peaks and active and non active geological activity going on. It's a pretty cool area. It's like a totally different world environment compared to the Willamette valley where I live.
Do you mean the one at Newberry? It has an entire solid obsidian lava flow.
@@GeologyHub There are obsidian flows all over Oregon. Lots of small ones in the Cascades / Three Sisters / Mount Jefferson area, and of course the huge ones at Glass Buttes, where I spend a few weeks a year. Perfect for flintknapping by day and astronomy by night.
Thanks for the awesome videos! If you ever get time it would be cool if you could talk about the old volcanic activity near Fairbanks Alaska. There is still hotsprings around and some of the cool hikes have large granite tors. It would be cool to hear the history of it all!
Forming obsidian is a result of quick cooling, but does it also mean that there's little gas as well. Or are the dissolved gases frozen in the stone?
@JustaReadingguy
I've read that obsidian is very dry. Not sure about other gases though.
The lack of water is one reason it stays glassy. Water speeds up crystal formation.
Well, the name obsidian just says of its high silica content, making it quite viscous. Water on the other hand, decreases the viscosity of lava. So, both in terms of "mineralogy", and from the viscosity I would expect it to have a small quantity of water, but would not go as far as to describe it as dry. We generally only refer to mantle rocks (dunites and peridotites) as being dry.
Vast majority of the gas escaped during the explosive phase. Whatever remained of the gas was just enough to start up the effusive phase.
Same thing happened with St-Helens in 1980.
@@marcondespaulo Not only that, but the presence of water adds volatility in the composition of magma. This is one of the main reasons why subduction volcanism is more explosive in general.
@@bouteilledeau1463 luckily, the most recent volcanism here is the Serra Geral formation, from the Cretaceous, that maybe covered from Paraguay to South Africa.
Also, that could be a nice subject for a future video.
Wow! And to think I'm happy to find small pieces.
So interesting! Thank you for your channel!
God bless you!
Reminds me of Obsidian Ridge by the Valles Caldera
Which ridge is that? (North, East, ...)
@@JustaReadingguy Almost exactly South
East of Valles Caldera, in the middle of a line drawn from the caldera to Rabbit Hill (in Google Earth).
Oh I'd love to see that. Thank you, love obsidian
Wow! We have witnessed this! Amazing.
This episode was such a gentleman. very glassy.
Obsidian is one of my favorite forms of rock or glass or lava whatever you want to call it it's so beautiful in the way it cracks and especially on a impact
When I saw the dark ash cover on the houses, "it's beginning to look a lot like Christmas" started playing in my mind. :D
Chile has some of the most fascinating volcanoes in the world. It's neck and neck with Indonesia for my airline buck.
Glass is a Super Cooled Liquid.
Well I know where I'll be making my new knife set from!
Great video! Have you had a chance to do the Mauna Kea volcano in Hawaii and were the earthquake(s) at Hualailai volcano magmatic or just seismic action from a fault line? I look forward to more videos in the near future!
Puyehue 2011 eruption was The largest explosive eruption in 21 century until hunga Tonga erupted
I live in Northeast Alabama and there is obsidian here everywhere. Both purple and green. Wonder when this happened?
My guess would be the midcontinent rift that failed to split.
Good question. Pangea formed about 355Mya and among the results of that formation would be volcanics.
The advisor to the Queen Elizabeth the first had a crystal ball made of entirely of this solid black obsidian, I'm curious how did John Dee get such a rare object in England.
From Italy probably.
I found a few small pieces of obsidian in Agua Fria National monument , they aren’t local and we’re brought from up north near Flagstaff’s San Francisco volcanic field
Glass Mountain and at least one other glass flow are part of the Medicine Lake Coldera in Northern Califonia. Pumise is frothed glass that is often ejected but some massive pumise is part of Glass Mountain.
@GeologyHub The glaciers around this volcano reminded me I've been meaning to request a video from you on Ice Cauldrons. Any chance we could get one? Thanks for your AMAZING channel!
I think you could make a fortune taking groups of people around the world to some of the more fascinating eruption sites, and explaining the eruptive history of them.
Thank you kindly…
I love Obsidian, makes excellent jewelry.
Northern Ca. has Mount Lassen is a Glassy volcano and produced snowflake Obsidian. I have samples collected from the 50's.
Thanks!
I am glad that you enjoyed this video and thanks for the support! I love many of the volcanoes in the Andes, and obsidian lava flows are a real treat!
Neat that it erupted a ton of obsidian AKA arrow head material
Another rare geologic phenomenon is natural molten sulphur, which sometimes even forms flows and lakes. I believe most instances of this occur in the Andes, and apparently all the molten sulphur in Kawa Ijen is man made for the purpose of sulphur harvesting (they condense it from the fumaroles or something along those lines iirc). Crazy how varied volcanic chemistry can be.
Wow! I was completely unaware that this eruption was so explosive. Until now, I've never heard anything about it.
Pinatubo was the last devastating eruption that seems to have been documented on video well.
Unfortunately, it's largest blast took place at night.
Thank you
anything about how differences if rainbow, snowflake, fire,and other types of obsidian are formed? i hadnt heard about snow and rapid cooling being a factor before .. recently i found out that jet is/was petrified monkey puzzle tree
Reminds me of the abundance of obsidian shards in California's Owens Valley.
I was in Bariloche, Argentina on the day of the eruption. Ash was falling on my jacket, I thought it was rain until I brushed it and realized it was volcanic ash, the next day ash floated on the lake.
Great video! Given the enormous effusion of lava from Mauna Loa’s eruptions, why is there no equally enormous caldera created by the void that one would assume was left after the lava chambers were emptied?
Obsidian can be used to make blades sharper than any steel blade. Are there any industrial uses for all that obsidian that spewed out of that volcano?
FINALLY!!
At any stage you are welcome to cover the taupo eruptions.
Will you make a video about the Chimborazo volcano in Ecuador?
very interesting!
Good subject.
I was born in 1960. Are pieces of the 1960 obsidian flow for sale?
Wonderful
why is there so much seismic activity under costa rica?
Seismic activity all along the Western coast of America is due to oceanic crust subsidence under the continental crust. The movement is slow, maybe an inch per year. It is not lubricated, there is much friction between both crusts. Sometimes, so much friction that the movement gets stopped in places. When the pressure to subside is too great, it overcomes the frictional obstacle and causes sudden, violent movements: seismic activity.
Another effect of oceanic crust subsidence is the following:
As oceanic crust contains water, when it descends to the mantle under the continental crust, water gets released and ascends. As it ascends, pressure on it gets weaker, which much helps water to vaporize and push magma up, and finally cause volcanic eruptions.
Can you talk about the ancient inland sea in North America? Where is was and when and why it disappeared? The Great Plains?
my understanding, not that I speak Spanish or anything, but my understanding of the pronunciation of the volcano's name is paw-YEAR-weh kor-DONE KOR-yeh (the 'DONE' to rhyme with 'cone' or 'bone.') If there are any natives here, please feel free to correct me. Thanks for this video though, quite interesting.
With the exception of your imaginary timeline very interesting.
That should provide projectile points for a few thousand generations.
In case dragons show up, now we know where our stash of dragon glass will be coming from. 😀
And now bezymianny produced a big eruption, possibly a subplinian eruption
Geology Hub...this is a fun channel! Can you talk about the use and benefits of the ridiculous, fine, sharpness of obsidian by local cultures?
Can ya maybe cover what the heat source is for the hot springs in Arkansas? Why do those even exist there?
Depth, basically…. Surface waters from the surrounding highlands (off the top of my head I don’t recall if it’s the Ouachitas or another range) sink down thru the heavily fractured rocks and sediments. As they go deeper, the earth’s geothermal gradient increases (the rocks get hotter as you descend). Eventually the waters reach a subsurface obstruction that blocks further descent, but allows the water to continue flowing back upwards along easier pathways. When the waters reach the surface at the town of Hot Springs, AR, they’re carrying that subsurface heat along with ‘em.
52 volcano for 52 week's of the year see the flame rising as we come I love you brother's and sister's
Can you do a video on Craters of the Moon in Idaho? It’s an extremely overlooked national monument!
Nevermind! I just found the video you already did on it! Awesome!
Nevermind! I just found the video you already did on it! Awesome!
All these volcanoes that have errupted and you're talking about 2011? This guy
This place would be a Flintknappers heaven…..
If it was feasible to make obsidian into car windows, it would put window tinting out of business.
Lmao logic here is priceless
From an aviation perspective, this would have been MUCH worse than Eyjafjoll... it was high altitude, long duration which allowed for the ash cloud to circumnavigate the globe 2x. This crossed generally south of all major routes only affecting South America, very souther Africa and Australia... all which generally send air travel north. This eruption at US latitude would have stopped thr majority of global air travel for 2 weeks. Remember Eyjafjoll was limited in ash comparatively and look what it did to Europe.
Aight imma mine some to make a portal, brb.
Wanna visit this
Nice chip at the end the, gotta say… it vill cut.
@ 2:28 the plume of ash looks just like a BULL'S head complete with an eye, nostril and ear.
The ancient Egyptians made items from obsidian. How they did it is up for conjecture. It obviously wasn't done with copper tools.....unless...
mt matutum a dormant volcano located in south cotabato philipphines..
Прекрасно 🌋🫵🫰🫴💨🌪️🌋😵💫🥁👺🥁🥁🥁🥁
He never asks for a "like", but always gets one from me.
Well we can arm ourselves to fight the others at the wall with our dragon glass for sure now.
But you see, obsidian is extremely brittle and would not be well suited for use as a blad--
Ok, so what made this eruption different? WHY did the lava cool so quickly that it formed obsidian? Lava flows all over the world DON'T make obsidian, the interesting question is what made this one do it? You kind of missed the whole point of the video IMHO.
when will you do a face reveal?
Puyehue is the stratovolcano, Cordón Caulle is the fissure system. In spanish is also named Cordón del Caulle, wich means the Caulle Cord, probably refering to the elongated shape of the system, like a cord of volcanic features. Caulle means white and black.
Winter is coming!!! Start mining the Dragon glass to kill the Night King.
Bezymianny: ruclips.net/video/d460_T6A9vA/видео.html
Los Humeros
Dragon glass
VULCÃO Russo irrompe HOJE
Awesome video… very well done… you asked about a topic… how about volcanic eruptions during a Phoenix Rising which occur every 558 years… next one occurs April 15th 2023… there is evidence of a cycle of eruptions also noted in Revelation 12:1 which points to the astronomical alignment that happens every 558 years and also displayed on the Egyptian walls… 🙏❤️
Please consider using the terms CE and BCE instead of AD and BC. Volcanology does not need to privilege Christianity
Thanks!
I am glad that you enjoyed this video and thanks for the support! Obsidian lava flows are truly quite special, having fragmented then resolidifying largely before they come out of an eruptive vent.