Why is the Marianas Trench the deepest place on Planet Earth? A look beneath the ocean
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- Опубликовано: 12 сен 2024
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The Challenger Deep of the Marianas Trench is the deepest point in any of Earth's oceans at 35,876 feet below sea level. Specific details of plate tectonic interactions create this impressive depth. This video uses Google Earth and simple diagrams and illustrations to explain the interacting forces and processes that form the deep Marianas Trench and impact other aspects of the Earth, like global climate. The video refers to some publicly available geologic studies that describe the evolution of the area and shed light on just what happens deep inside the Earth that controls what happens at its surface.
lived on Guam for a while right next to the shore.
go snorkling and you would end up looking down and see this edge that just kept going down .
very creepy.
sometimes at night when it was very quiet you might hear distant thunder actually it was giant boulders falling down the edge of this endless cliff.
Which side of the island did you see the steep drop off right away? I knew at the navy base it was like that in the port. The area near fisheye was nice and easy going. And a lot of other areas of the island seemed to have water that was immediately too dangerous to even be in.
@@XAn0nymousX0 im guessing the east side of the island considering thats the side where the trench is located
Dont like that, actual nightmare stuff
Absolutely terrifying
On the western shore of lake Baikal in Siberia there are many similar places with very deep cliffs. You can rent a boat with a transparent bottom and look into the abyss.. creepy..
What's odd to think is that what used to be life is possibly 400 km deep into the Earth by now.
Weirder is that we find remnants of life from lava that's expelled from the mantle.
500km - a mind boggling distance! surely they say we do not understand the insides of Earth well enough than the farthest corners of the Universe.
@dvoiceotruth absolutely... aside from a few techniques we have to "sound" the earth, we will likely never be able to truely determine exactly what lies beneath our feet... quite a mind-boggling thought!
probably what is life is there
lol no.
If Guam tips over, those people are in some seriously deep water.
Hank J. Made sure the U.S. government wouldn’t do that years ago so they are safe. 🎉😂
Anyone else confused why he said the mantle would be green if cool, I looked it up and the mantle is largely composed of olivine which is a green mineral .
That's it!
it's awesome looking rock if you can ever see any of it on the surface...which is rare!
I am on the lookout! 😎
@@TheGeoModels Just make sure to ideally store it in a dry sealed environment to keep it from reacting with water and or other oxidizing agents (oxygen or carbon dioxide etc.) Its these factors which make most of the olivine that does reach the surface degrade through chemical weathering i.e. water turns olivine into something called iddingsite.
hi dev
Litke Deep is closer to the earth's core than Challenger deep by 9.2 miles. It's because of the oblate spheroid shape of the planet Earth, which is flatter at poles and thicker at the equator. However, by depth below sea level, Litke Deep is not the deepest point in the Arctic Ocean.
Yeah it is the same reason why Chimborazo a towering geologically active stratovolcano in Ecuador is the furthest point from Earth's core even though it isn't as tall base to height as Mauna Kea (The tallest based on prominence starting from the seafloor) or Mt. Everest in absolute elevation above sea level. Oblate spheroids!
It wasn't enough that you had sand models, Google Earth tours and Paint Diagrams. No, you had to go represent the Earth's mantle with green. Now I have to like this channel even more. ;)
I remember seeing a tech demo several years of a home-made plate tectonics computer model. He said the trick to making it work was "old oceanic crust must die". And with that implemented, it did seem to produce rather plausible plate tectonics! Also I guess this is a good place to state my little 15 seconds of fame moment, I worked as a calibration tech at a company that manufactured physical oceanography sensors and I pre- and post-calibrated a few sensors that James Cameron took with him to the bottom of Challenger Deep in 2013.
[Draws volcano]
"Nothing too bad. They got everyone out of there in time." - Philip Prince, 2024.
I'll take it
That cracked me up.
I'm guessing that you've presented this before, right? Your ability to convey the immense size of our planet in MS Paint, in real time, is a god-teir skill that I wish I had.
true 🙌🙌🙌
It never occurred to me that the lithosphere stops sinking. I thought it went down and just blended into the mantle... wow. Love it when my mental model gets corrected.
Edit: So, is the mantle just "paved" with all these relics of lithosphere that has subducted?
You see it portrayed a variety of ways. I actually just saw something that implies that the Marianas slab just keeps on going. When I was teaching at Va Tech, most of what I saw was big on material accumulating at the 660-670 km depth. Google "slab graveyard" and you'll find some interesting stuff about the idea that slabs ultimately go to the core mantle boundary. It's all remotely sensed, so there are a variety of interpretations. It looks like the deep, core-mantle "graveyard" is a hot idea now, and it may be the way to go. That said, if you search "slab graveyard" or "how deep does a subducted slab go," you'll find images with some going really deep and others really piled up at the 670. It's a cool question.
@@TheGeoModels explain to me how slabs 3 thousand degrees colder than surrounding material have sat there for millions of years undissolved, ive seen those tomography maps and the temperature differences inferred from wave speed differences
@TS-jm7jm yeah, at some point in both time and depth. That crust slab is not gonna be solid anymore.
@@TS-jm7jmI think the concept that applies here is how pressure affects different rocks at different depths (pressures) as @TheGeoModels has eluded to several times in different videos. The lithosphere is still there just more plastic but not mixing.
@@TS-jm7jm The key thing to consider based on lab studies calibrated by seismic tomographic data is that as these slabs sink they are changing in particular the former lithosphere undergoes multiple phase transitions into denser minerals which are stable at the increasing pressures. This actually leads to some slab material getting expelled from the slab as a result of incompatible elements relative to the new crystal structures.
The best evidence for this process in action in particular comes from the flat slab subduction of the Pacific slab where the plate has stagnated at the mantle transition zone between the less dense upper mantle and the denser lower mantle after subducting beneath Japan. This set up has allowed enough water rich material to have become forced out of the recrystallizing/transforming stagnant subducted slab that these volatile rich minerals have accumulated to such a degree to cause the overlying mantle, while at ambient temperatures relative to the surrounding mantle, to become sufficiently lower in density to start rising up to the surface ultimately fueling volcanoes in Korea and the Baikal rift valley which are abnormally enriched in volatiles and sediment derived mineral elements particularly phosphorus. Curiously this same enriched chemical signature of these magmas are found in the large continental flood basalts associated with the break up of supercontinents.
As a tangential aside for global plate tectonics context these two areas the pull away basin separating the Korean Peninsula on the East from mainland china to the west and the Baikal rift zone form form the divergent plate boundary between the Amur plate to the east which is moving east relative to Eurasia with a degree of clockwise rotation and the Eurasian plate to the west, with a zone of strike slip activity connecting these areas. A strike slip zone which is responsible for China's most deadly Earthquakes due to the proximity of a number of major cities including the capital Beijing being in close proximity to this fault and the river systems which follow through this boundary which have lead to rich the accumulation of extensive riparian sedimentary layers perfect for causing severe liquefaction and enhanced ground shaking. It seems likely that one of if not the main driver of this plate decoupling is this stagnant slab and its associated rifting.
In terms of the suspected slab graveyards known in the literature as Low Sheer Velocity Provinces the melt signatures of the African Large Low Sheer Velocity Province(LLSVP) shows chemical enrichment consistent with former oceanic crustal material suggesting ultimately that some of the material in the slab graveyards does return to the surface eventually in the form of mantle plumes that feed hot spot volcanism.
Remember here that while we are dealing with extremely hot rocks we are also talking about materials under extreme pressures so high that they stay technically in solid form even though they appear to be able to flow and deform plastically as if they were a fluid on ling timescales. It isn't until hot or otherwise particularly buoyant light element rich material reaches the asthenosphere that the pressures become low enough to allow the rocks to melt back into magma.
I’d say the most surprised I was was when I learned that rock in the mantle is literally greener… that’s crazy. Thank you so much for making this video. I feel like the RUclips algorithm is bringing old RUclips back, more educational content . This was a stellar piece.
Thanks! Trying to represent that old skool Tube, for sure.
This is the best explanation I've seen on YT regarding the Marianna Trench. Thanks alot!
The Pacific Ocean is crazy to think about, almost like space on Earth.
That's one of the best diagrams of subduction I've ever seen, and you just freehanded it in MS paint while we watched.
Thanks! I enjoyed this one (I really like green!).
@TheGeoModels why are mantle rocks green? Do they have copper oxide in them?
@@paulgush the green dominated color comes from the mineral olivine which is by far the dominant mineral in the upper mantle
It's definitely past my bed time, I was hungry so I heated up a few slices of pizza and grabbed a beer and clicked on a random tube before I called it a night. I am riveted. This is so cool, thanks for making this information accessible and easily digestible for us lay people. This does not help my fear of open water, but it does help my understanding of how the world works!
Excellent presentation. There are some rather significant issues with the traditional interpretation of the Pacific Plate in the region of Marianas Trench, however. In general, it is simply described as the Pacific plate forming at a ridge and moving under other plates such as in this region. However, this is based off the models of oceanic crustal age such as by Muller et al. that are largely based off of isochron lines. There have been studies of East Mariana Basin where drill samples are anomalously low in age in the region.
One such example is "East Mariana Basin tholeiites: Cretaceous intraplate basalts or rift basalts related to the Ontong Java plume?" by Castillo et al. where they conclude the East Mariana Basin basalts to be distinct from the Jurassic basalts of Pigafetta Basin to the north, but to have a similar isotopic signature to the basalts of Ontong Java and Manihiki Plateaus and also indistinguishable from the basalts found at Nauru Basin dated to ~111Ma (the region east of the Mariana Trench is generally claimed to be significantly older).
There are no studies (to the best of my knowledge--I certainly could not find any) that found Jurassic basement rock below the anomalous Cretaceous crust of the East Mariana Basin--all samples from the region show purely Cretaceous layers.
The magnetic anomaly patterns would predict the igneous basement of these regions to be Jurassic, which is the basis by which the interpretation of the formation of Marianas Trench is formulated. As a result, this data appears inadequately explained by present descriptions of the formation of the Marianas Trench due to its relationship to East Mariana Basin by physical proximity and by the claimed process for the formation of the Marianas Trench.
Interesting. Not a geologist but a former resident of Saipan who was always curious about the Trench and the Deep. The big piece for me was the age of the sinking plate. FYI, I was in Saipan when the had their last 7.x earthquake and it was a real long minute. Anatahan which hadn't errupted in 20,000 yrs also happened while I was there. The vog turned the morning to night in about a hour. Interesting section of the world geologically.
Love your conceptual drawings, you give me courage to take hobby drawing back up after something like 20 years since I was a kid.
Go for it! You can tell a pretty good story with basic drawing style. It's fun to mess with, and has a pretty low overhead cost!
I love the amateurish way you use paint to tell your story. It has a lot of charm to it.
But more important: I learned something new today. Thank you.
18:40 From one MS Paint user to another. Use the Fill tool to change the color of a contained area. The "deep ocean" color you could have filled that area instead of brushing it blue.
Same when you drew the subducting plate, you could have filled the black after setting the outer boundaries.
You had me duped with the beginning of your Paint model but damn it sure turned out phenomenal, you are a great visual talent in addition to your science expertise! Looking forward to more
Thanks so much! I'm going to keep working on it!
As I'm sitting in my living room watching this on my phone you remind me of high school science class. I absolutely hated school but I loved science, you remind me of one of those cool teachers that really cared and taught things in a way to make it interesting and make you want to learn more. Thank you, I love learning about geography and the history of things. 👍👍
This was really well done. I've been looking at that trench and pondering about it for many years.
Thanks! Everybody likes a superlative with a story. I am going to go for Lake Baikal soon.
Good explanation video! I actually got a chance to swim over the Marianas Trench one time while I was in the Navy.
Did you drop a stone? ;)
Just fantastic, brilliant no nonsense presentation.
Appreciate it! Trying to bring the story to the people.
deep presentation
amazing vid, thanks for putting it together
Glad you liked it!
We lived on Guam. The northern beach was beautiful but not for swimming! That dropoff is real!! The island is part volcano and part limestone, so only half is sinking. I heard stories of people swimming and going missing, only to be found later on the other side of the island, bc they went under the island...lots of underwater cavern systems I guess?
What is the drop off? How does it look like?
@@pavel9652 the drop-off is the trench! At a certain distance out in the water, the ocean floor drops straight down into darkness. No thanks for me! We met islanders who harpoon dive for fish along that underwater edge. Very skilled divers and swimmers!
@@drawingmomentum Thanks for the reply! I do realize it is the trench. I would feel intimidated as well, so I understand you, but people drown in 1-2m deep water, so the difference between the trench and 50-100m sea is in psychology primarily! ;)
@@pavel9652 it's not just a worry of drowning, but a worry of what's down in that big deep blackness that's gonna eat me?!
Woof! That was blooming wonderful.
I've been doing "youtube-learning" for the past 6 years or so the more accessible parts of geology - ie not requiring knowledge of the chemistry or physics, more the stuff people can draw - and that has include watching some lectures on the Mariana Trench.
But this little video contained information I've never ever heard even a whisper of before.
Such as the broken plate, or, obviously, that the big broken off slab of mantle would be bent like that, due to the general NW movement of all the asthenosphere (I think it was the asthenosphere...I wouldn't bet anyone's life on it though, I'm much too dim for that.)
Really interesting. And well explained. If I could understand it, a rock could.
9:20 I love the rollback animation
This is fascinating, great job making things more simple so that people like me can understand. Well done!
Outstanding. Glad you found it!
Thank you for your very interesting class. I’ve watched many classes and your is the best. Low voice and simple diagrams.
I'm so glad you enjoyed it!
21:10 I live the playfulness and humor here. If you ever wrote text books, im sure they would be fun to read!
Scholl Deep, is almost 10km deep (Kermadec Trench) will one day surpass it due to all the activity and is getting wider and deeper every event there
Well that was a pleasant half an hour. Thanks the algorithm!
Sometimes it works!
Does the continued subduction of the Pacific plate (as well as the lack of sediment) imply that the Trench will keep getting deeper? By how much over what time frame? Great vid on a fascinating subject!
Not sure anyone knows. I guess the implication is that it could, assuming the tip of the broken-off slab in the really deep area doesn't encounter an obstruction. Unfortunately, given the centimeters per year pace of the whole thing, we won't be around to really keep tabs on the result!
Thanks. I hadn't before come across the idea that stagnation at the upper/lower mantle boundary could hold up the torn off plate and stop it from sinking quickly.
I enjoyed the video and I learned a little bit too. Thanks! I subscribed
Cool video!!! Really good explanation and example of the process
I took a few geology and oceanography courses in undergrad while studying chemistry. I always really enjoyed it and how it connected the world around me to the chemistry and physics I was contemporaneously studying. It’s now been over a decade but those concepts still intrigue me in a special way. Having found your channel and your kick ass paint drawings I have had a part of that geology itch scratched. Thanks!
subbed very jnformativ greats from Berlin
I hope in my next life I study geology. Such cool stuff!!!
Adding this comment late because I want to recommend a mic. The Blue Snowball warms up my voice and might be a good fit for you too. It's about a hundred bucks or used to be.
Got a mediocre headset...should I give it a go? Probly recording this afternoon or tomorrow early.
@@TheGeoModels Yes definitely. I no longer upload but I was stunned at how much better I sounded with the Snowball. Very quick setup. I eventually got a pop filter and little boom arm. That's probably six years ago? and still is all I use.
Wow very interesting and very well explained! gotta sub now.
This is one of the few sources that mention the true horizontal scale of this thing. Slopes similar to those that one could easily walk on if they were on dry land and they dive downward for miles. It is absolutely massive!
Thanks. I try to reduce exaggeration or scale things out whenever possible. Geology is always wider and "flatter" than I expect and I draft 1:1 cross sections of things pretty much daily!
love this channel, very informative!
Glad you enjoy it!
That sinking feeling. Very good
As international viewer it would definitely help to have text in metric onscreen for each time you use imperial units.
Yes, science and imperial don’t really go together, regardless of where you’re from.
if the water is stuff that just happened to hit the earth after it cooled...it seems impressive given the relative smoothness of the planet that the amount of water in the end was somewhere between puddles and completely submerging all the bumps on the planet, but instead it's at a pretty "interesting" leavel...enough to give the earth some character...not just a green or brown or blue carpet. 🙂
What a fantastic video. Easy to understand and delivered with confidence. Thank you
Glad you enjoyed it!
Because centroid of Earth and Moon is within Earth, we have plate tectonics!
Shoutout to Paint, the original and still the best
For real!
Really cool videos man. Thanks for doing these.
More to come!
I really enjoyed the video!
The one thing I keep wondering about is how they know Challenger Deep is actually the deepest place on Earth? I’ve read that only a small percentage of the oceans have been surveyed.
If there is so much unknown, how are they confident about the depths globally.
I’ve been seeing lots of local geologists posting awesome videos.. you have to be from Maryland based on accent.. awesome video
It would be much more pleasant if distances were indicated in metric as well. Saves the majority from the trouble of pausing to making conversions.
Wow this was really interesting to learn about. Can't believe i learned all this for free!
The shape of the top plate feels like a molten flow of material
We’re just fungus growing on top of a rock. It’s incredible what lies beneath our feet!
great presentation thanks your pupils must love you
Fantastic content! (pls use more metric than American units)
Very graphic. And hey, _really good narration voice / presence!_
p.s. 7:20 is a great / simple explanation of where magma comes from. *_Spells it out!_*
glad you liked it!
@@TheGeoModels _More than just _*_"like"._* I'm a "technical communicator" by trade, so appreciate that set of personal skills!
cheers
There's a lot of chemical changes as the materials reach the trench depth and temperature and exceed the critical temp and pressure properties of water, CO2, H2S, S etc. I wonder if cooking all those materials out of the sinking rock also increases the density?
They would be lost during dehydration mineral reactions, so yes, that's likely the case. I can't quote the reactions/transitions, but ultimately the mineral makeup in the slab ends up quite different at significant depth. You could probably google "mineral phase transitions in subducting oceanic lithosphere" and get all sorts of goodies.
Yes, that’s exactly right (it’s been experimentally proven). It’s primarily hydrated basalt and serpentinite that undergoes such reactions. You’re primarily looking at the transition between blueschist (lawsonite, glaucophane) and eclogite (pyroxene, garnet), and between serpentinite (serpentine, brucite) and peridotite (olivine, pyroxene). These reactions also generate a good amount of heat. In the case of serpentinization and de-serpentinization reactions, the change in volume can be as much as 40%. Such reactions are also the source of many of the volatile elements that cause flux melting of the mantle wedge above a subducting plate, which leads to volatile-rich arc magmas and explosive volcanism.
But besides the dehydration reactions and densification that occurs at normal subduction depths, there is also a _further_ set of reactions that changes rocks like peridotite into even denser forms such as perovskites, and the rearrangement of olivine and spinel into dense minerals such as bridgmanite, ringwoodite, and periclase. This occurs at around 660-670km depth and is thought to be responsible for causing subducted slabs to get “stuck” in the upper mantle, and consequently, a division between whole-mantle and upper-mantle convection.
@@AvanaVana Thanks
Despite ocean depths in these zones, the ratio of ocean water to Earth is less than that of one drop on a baseball
That was very interesting. I imagine that what was once the earth’s surface goes through a process of eventually becoming part of the material into which it is sinking, leaving the “impurities” to be re-strewn back out into the earth’s crust again. Recycling. 🤔 I’m wondering if such movements might eventually bring the surface level further up on the rising side, exposing ancient sites. That would be cool.
I am not a geologist, but I find this interesting. Thank you.
Thanks for the video
They talk about compressing tons of CO2 to the freezing point and dumping it into the Marianna’s trench where the pressure will keep it solid. Is that just making a huge headache for some future generation when it’s gets subducted, heated and “bubbles” back up, or would the pressure be great enough that it would remain solid?
We’ll ignore the huge energy cost to extract CO2 from the atmosphere, compress it and losses as it boils off before getting to a depth where it remains solid.
Would be good if you occasionally included international units rather than just the American ones.
Good presentation this was interesting and well presented
So fascinating! I find myself curious about the force differences acting on the crust. Such a complex and interesting problem to mathematically model the earth.
Great vid
The heaviest, deepest, most brutal part of the ocean.
Because Kojura lives there! 🦖
great MSPaint skills. 👍(as well as very interesting :D )
Thanks! 😄
@@TheGeoModels for sure dude. i'm a beginner amateur geologist (ever since i've been looking for signs of gold in my area, which has historically been known for some very good deposits! - as a hobby, of course 😅 yet now i am loving geology!!) and the way you teach these things is very - sure simple or rudimentary LOL but i love PowerPoints still :) so don't mind me - easy to get and educational :).
just watched your video on the Carolina "pits" and while at first i was thinking "might've been lava bubbles that blew up as they were making it through", or your landscape theory, by the end ironically i was pretty much leaning more towards the impactors theory 😅haha. wish i knew how to work Google Earth (for layers and overlays and such!) as well as you do ;)
any thoughts on QGIS* (edit: which i just downloaded, and can't even set up yet to see anything 😅 before i spend a lot of time on it :)) vs Google Earth? :)
everything you said in that video made sense, yet... my "spider-sense" was tingling... ;)
There is one other fact that you didn't cover. That scraped off area that's diving under has,a very fine very slippery clay lubecant that goes goes with the diving plate. There is some of that in the California trench also.
Good presentation but why do we get this extreme trench just here and not everywhere where tectonic plates meet and subduct?
For info, 35,876 ft is like 10.935 km
So a few questions..
Does this mean the challenger deep has the potential to keep growing deeper because of that broken off section in front holding back those lateral forces and having a dampening effect? (The few 6 or 7 magnitude quakes every month dont seem to do very much..)
Doesnt the broken section also sink lower, or is it kind of stagnant in its position by all the softer material lacking the thickness and force of a plate to push it forward and downward? (Like a pillar in mud)
Will there eventually be some kind of restoration of balance event between the plate dynamics?
This reminds me of an explanation of how Mount Paektu formed. Have you already covered this/ would you consider?
How do we know what is that far in the mantle if we haven't been or had samples or instrument data that deep?
Awesome channel
This was very interesting
Wild. My second oldest sister was born on Guam when we lived there in the 1970s. Thanks for the video!
1:43 bucket list item added.
Cheers man, and good old paint.
Imagine finding an entire advanced civilization tucked down there.
Love me some googol earth wandering, some really interesting stuff out there above and below the waves. Those 3 volcanoes in the sea off the coast of Britain are a favourite, wish we could drain some ocean so I could get a real look at them.
So, why does the Puerto Rico trench has a magnetic anomaly, but the Mariana trench which is deeper, does not?
I'm sure you've heard of the Chicxulub crater.
I calculated the weight of water at the Challenger Deep as more than 2.4 million pounds per square foot, or around 1,200 tons psf. I wonder if water isn't a planet-killer.
Where does the lighter plate originate? Why is it less dense than the seafloor plate?
The contental material like ganite has more silica and therefore specific gravity of 2.7 vs 2.9 for basalt that makes up a thin layer that is the ocean bottom
@@jeffbybee5207 ok, thanks; to check my understanding, the continental material is the result of volcanism on the surface and that leads to higher silica content? or was it originally as dense as the sea floor and weathering caused to to be enriched in silica?
@@nickcaruso the seafloor is basaltic a more basic magma in both meanings of the word. Also it may contain more iron with a specific gravity of 5 or little more. In cases where there is remelt of existing rocks ( I think mostly contental but could be wrong) the lighter part tends to melt first and dilute the purer deeper magma. Strangely to me basaltic lava with low silica seem to be hotter 1200 c and runny while andesite and ryolite are thicker and tend to be around 700 or 900 c thought my mind is going and might be wrong also as magma collects in storage zones and some may solidified the heavyer parts may settle. The sudsbery mineral distric Canada is so rich in nicckle copper be cause it concentrated at the lower part of a magma zone created by extraterrstial body impact. When the magma does eruption the lighter parts may preferentially be carried to the surface or form blister mountains and batholithic structures like the uintah range Utah sawtooth range Idaho or Sierra Nevada range California. Finally since contental material is lighter when two plates meet any of the lighter crust and sedimentary material on top of the basaltic layer tends to scrape off and stay above it not be subducter and so over the history of the earth more and more contental material may be retained. Note the 5 or so mile thick ocean basaltic plate also underlies the contentant also just has extra frosting on top.
@@nickcarusoSome of both.
Basalts can ultimately weather to clays, which will eventually form shales.
Most magma doesn't actually get to erupt as lava. Much of it slowly crystalizes underground, where fractional crystalization leaves melts closer to the surface increasingly enriched in silica (granite).
@@NullHand Aha! thanks. "Most magma crystallizes" was a thing I wasn't aware of, but makes total sense.
Thanks for an interesting video! Challenge fascinates me. I wanted to be a geologist at one time. I wish I would have stayed that course. I would have loved to work at CalTech and study earthquakes!
PS: if aliens are really here, I think they’re in the deepest part of our oceans.
Ive seen Myron Cooks uploads talking about the channels off of big river deltas caused by turbidites falling out of the water column and scour out channels (theres a few good ones if You look off the New York City coast) and the large salt deposits off of the Louisiana/Texas Coast.
"Plastic, payable solid", like a green army guy.
Awesome video man 👍🏿I wonder is there any chance the trench can get deeper also the intense water pressure at the bottom of the trench I think is around 16,000 or 17,000 psi🤔
If these plates are so ready to rocket down 500 miles, why does it take another plate to push it? Wouldn’t it just sink on its own? It’s so much more dense than even the mantle below it
I've often wondered how much Momentum of the plate in one direction adds to the "Sinking" aspect of the oceanic plate. The plates don't move fast, but boy is there a lot of mass!
It's the other way around. The sinking slab pulls the rest of the plate along with it.
the earth is expanding and each time it hits one of the pentagon galaxy arms shit go down on earth and new lift emerge around each 25 million years
Great video, but are we sure ?
So little of the seafloor has been mapped.
Fair question! I think trenches have been attacked pretty hard in the interest of finding superlatives, sort of like looking for a highest mountain. Certain plate conditions are necessary for extreme depth, so it can be narrowed down. There’s always possibilities out there, but this question has really gotten attention just for the sake of “the deepest.”
You're like the Bob Ross of geology 😊
Frame this comment! Better than one of them RUclips plaques
I'm curious as to the cartoon (1) showing the Pacific Plate decending down into the Upper Mantle and then being deposited in a flat sheet. Why would this happen? Different rotational rates of the Lower Mantle? Seems much different than the Ribbon Candy (2)of the old Oceanic Basin Plates that subducted under the western margin of North America and that appears to have piled up and folded in on itself. Is this coming from deep tomography imaging?
1) Use of the word is not meant to be disparaging.
2) Credit to Nick Zenter for that one.