early medieval stronghold Wyszogród in Bydgoszcz, Poland

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📜 object history:
The stronghold in Wyszogród appears in written sources already in the first half of the 12th century in 'The Polish Chronicle' of Gallus Anonymus when describing the war of prince Bolesław III Wrymouth with the Pomeranians in 1113. The stronghold was probably much older than the events described and was established at the end of the 10th century as a Pomeranian guard stronghold . The original structure was a ring-shaped stronghold with a diameter of 130 meters, surrounded by a rampart and a moat. Most likely, this stronghold was attacked in 1091 by the troops of prince Władysław Herman. The original embankment was then destroyed. Soon, a new, slightly wider ring of embankments was built, making the stronghold reach a diameter of 148 meters. 'Bolesław [Wrymouth] took this stronghold within eight days and stayed there for the next eight days to fortify it and keep it [permanently] in his hands; and leaving his garrison there, he moved from there and besieged the second stronghold.' Wyszogród was therefore fortified and incorporated into the rule of Bolesław. Soon - probably during the rule of Mieszko III, the stronghold became the seat of the castellan and underwent expansion: a second rampart was built, as well as a church (as mentioned in a note from 1198). Around the stronghold a borough developed with a market settlement, an inn and a customs house. When the Wyszogród castellan, Olt Żyrowic from the Powała family, died around 1207, the district was taken over by Mściwoj I the Peaceful, the ruler of Gdańsk Pomerania. As a result of the armed expedition of prince Casimir I Konradowic, Wyszogród was incorporated into the Duchy of Kuyavia in 1242. At that time, another ring of external embankments was built, making the structure reach a diameter of 190 meters. Approx. in 1250, a brick building was built on the site of the stronghold, probably for military purposes. In the years 1270-1271, the exiled prince of Gdańsk, Warcisław II, stayed in Wyszogród, temporarily imprisoned here by prince Siemomysł of Inowrocław. He died in this place in 1271. Just a few months after this event, the Wyszogród stronghold was in the hands of his brother, Mściwoj II of Pomerania, who took it over as a result of a military intervention in Kuyavia. It remained in the Duchy of Gdańsk until 1288, when Mściwoj II handed it over to Przemysł II. After his death in 1296, Wyszogród (together with the district) was taken over by the Kuyavian Piasts (Leszek of Inowrocław, Przemysł of Inowrocław), and finally between 1327 and 1328 it came under the rule of Władysław the Elbow-high. However, soon - in 1330 - the stronghold was destroyed during the Teutonic invasion of Kuyavia: 'the brothers also took Wyszogród castle and destroyed it all, and no one escaped; where 200 men were immediately killed, excluding people on St. James's Day' [May 12] . After this tragic date, the facility was completely abandoned. It was never rebuilt. The embankments of the stronghold, clearly visible in the area, have been preserved to this day: the outer and inner embankments, the moat and the northern entrance. Due to the erosive influence of the river, the current state of preservation of the remains of the stronghold is only 20% of its original size - the rest was absorbed by the current of the Vistula...

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