Harsh Rules - Let's Learn to Play Diplomacy

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  • Опубликовано: 18 ноя 2024

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  • @philiphunt-bull5817
    @philiphunt-bull5817 3 года назад +190

    It doesn't take 6 hours, it takes 4 years.

    • @TheFizzler38
      @TheFizzler38 2 года назад +4

      That’s when someone steamrolls the board!

    • @solsystem1342
      @solsystem1342 Год назад +4

      That's what happens when you put 7 extremely good players on a board that are going for solo or bust.

  • @spadesofspades
    @spadesofspades 5 лет назад +296

    I play this with my history teacher,
    I can not trust that man in that game

    • @liamhenderson7367
      @liamhenderson7367 5 лет назад +53

      We're playing this in history class.
      Our teacher called it the "Friendship Killing Joypocaplyse"
      He intentionally separated friends when making the teams.

    • @billcipherproductions1789
      @billcipherproductions1789 3 года назад +1

      @@liamhenderson7367 When you chat in class too much.

    • @thepatriotbangingxi4718
      @thepatriotbangingxi4718 3 года назад

      Diplomacy is the art of bullsh***ing
      "A gentleman is a man who says one thing while he thinks another."

    • @TheFizzler38
      @TheFizzler38 2 года назад +2

      I bet he tries to recreate WW1 half of the times you play

    • @mygills3050
      @mygills3050 Год назад

      A Smy - Ank
      Crimean crusher? Genocide opening.

  • @JamesJohnson-wq6bs
    @JamesJohnson-wq6bs 4 года назад +108

    I'm sure someone's said it already ... :D
    "Ah, Diplomacy. Destroying Friendships Since 1959 ..."

  • @allanjeong
    @allanjeong 5 лет назад +52

    Thanks for explaining the rules. The instructions that come with the game board is horrible. Don’t even know what the game objective is until you go several pages into the instructions. Gave up on learning the game on first attempt with friends on one evening. We didn’t have the time or patience to plow through the poorly organized and written rule book. So just for fun, I put together this 100 word tutorial, which would serve as a helpful overview if placed at the beginning of the rule book!
    HOW TO PLAY DIPLOMACY
    GOAL: Attack & capture 18 cities
    RULES:
    1. NEGOTIATE and write down unit(s) you will use to provide an adjacent Allie support, use to attack, or move.
    2. Next...
    - ATTACK by out numbering enemy unit (+ number of enemy’s support/adjacent allies) with your units (+ your adjacent supporting Allie units). Losing units move to empty adjacent country or be removed.
    - MOVE armies to adjacent countries (1 per country) or onto adjacent ship on water to convoy across water. MOVE ships to adjacent seaside countries or adjacent waters.
    3. Repeat above then add/remove units so number of units match number of captured cities.
    4. Repeat

  • @fraz813
    @fraz813 4 года назад +41

    I think this is the most underrated game of the world. No one knows about it but this game is a piece of art

    • @JermirCaesar
      @JermirCaesar 3 года назад

      Also underrated: Go/Weiqi/Baduk.

    • @Larkinchance
      @Larkinchance Год назад

      Chess with moves made through negotiation... The US has made it a rule never to negotiate. Let's see how that plays out in a multi-polar world...

  • @ghevatje
    @ghevatje 3 года назад +68

    I have to play this at school tomorrow but in a way bigger version, and this was so much clearer than the long ass instruction document. Im ready to conquer some land :)

  • @m4r5w0n6
    @m4r5w0n6 5 лет назад +72

    6:28 CORRECTION: Players with fewer Power Centers than Units lose Units

    • @matthewgillespie2835
      @matthewgillespie2835 4 года назад +1

      Mars Wong I was confused by that at first but understood when he reviewed that same fact near the end

    • @kemcolian2001
      @kemcolian2001 Год назад

      @@possibilityspace 🤓

  • @majkus
    @majkus 6 лет назад +29

    15:26 et seq: Austria's support order is for the German Paris army, but as written it is supporting Burgundy; and the 'translation' below the order translates 'S' as 'Moves' (compare Italy's 'translation').

    • @JermirCaesar
      @JermirCaesar 3 года назад +2

      I'm glad you clarified this, I was confused by it too!

  • @zkrwiikosci
    @zkrwiikosci 3 года назад +26

    I know it's been a while since you published the video but just want to say I really look up to the work that you've done. It's all explained to clear I could play Diplomacy right away although I've never seen the board before. Harsh Rules there may definitely be but they are also logical and vivid; all thanks to you! Thank you and respect!

    • @harsh-rules
      @harsh-rules  3 года назад +1

      Thanks, Jay. I appreciate it.

    • @zkrwiikosci
      @zkrwiikosci 3 года назад

      ​@@harsh-rules It's just such a fantastic and professional piece of work, really hard to go unnoticed. By the way, I'm typing from Europe, Poznań, Poland. After the current situation with epidemics is over and one day you'd like to visit my continent perhaps, please remember you have a friend here and that you're a very much welcome guest in my country. I mean it!

    • @harsh-rules
      @harsh-rules  3 года назад

      @@zkrwiikosci Thanks! Always good to have friends!

  • @varovaro1967
    @varovaro1967 6 лет назад +43

    Thank you, i hate to insist but “Churchill” will make a lot of people very happy!

    • @harsh-rules
      @harsh-rules  6 лет назад +9

      I'm reading over the rules. I haven't forgot about you guys.

    • @jorunholm9060
      @jorunholm9060 6 лет назад +2

      You Got a coment from the creater himself you must be good friiiinds

  • @lcmiracle
    @lcmiracle 6 лет назад +64

    Yay! Finally.
    P.S. is anyone else getting twitches in the audio? They caught me off guard while I watched the video on my phone

    • @Samuraiman117
      @Samuraiman117 6 лет назад +2

      I did as well.

    • @cjknotty
      @cjknotty 6 лет назад +2

      Yes I did.

    • @astralboyo
      @astralboyo 4 года назад

      Yup.

    • @TBH_Inc
      @TBH_Inc 4 года назад +4

      I’m guessing he did the audio in multiple parts a made some mistakes editing it together.

  • @marcello234
    @marcello234 2 года назад +2

    @3:20 The German units are listed with Turkish abbreviations. It should list Berlin, Keil and Munich.

  • @BoardGameNation
    @BoardGameNation Год назад +1

    Great video! I haven't played this game in years and I am hoping to introduce it to some friends (or soon to be former friends) this weekend!
    Keep up the great work!

  • @TheSonofGod1
    @TheSonofGod1 4 года назад +14

    I did not know this Game existed
    Did You know this Game is in Play Store?,But is a Little bit diferent .It's called "Conspirancy",if You want it.
    Edit:Just to correct the Words
    :-b

    • @angelolorilla2050
      @angelolorilla2050 4 года назад

      Yep. Conspiracy is based on Diplomacy. There is another game in playstore, Diplicity, that showcases this game.

  • @greginfla_1
    @greginfla_1 4 года назад +6

    What’s the rule on the distance an army can support another army? how many provinces away.

    • @khays7208
      @khays7208 4 года назад +8

      The supporting unit would have to have been able to attack the territory they support into

  • @djay2187
    @djay2187 4 года назад +7

    Question - I assume a fleet can’t support an army inland and, secondly, if a fleet attacks another fleet in convoy, does that disrupt the convoy?

    • @khays7208
      @khays7208 4 года назад +3

      A unit can only support another unit into a territory that it could have moved. Since fleets can't move inland, the fleet would be unable to support the unit.

    • @dzidkapl
      @dzidkapl 4 года назад

      no, attacking doesn't disrupt the convoy.

    • @margaritakouzi5630
      @margaritakouzi5630 3 года назад +7

      @@dzidkapl But dislodgment does.
      Page 14: Dislodgment of a fleet in a convoy causes the convoy to fail.

    • @dzidkapl
      @dzidkapl 3 года назад

      @@margaritakouzi5630 Are you able to read properly? I know how to play this game and you don't have to teach me.

  • @man-yp1gb
    @man-yp1gb 6 лет назад +5

    Thank you for this video. Keep up the good work.

  • @ayberkaltair
    @ayberkaltair 5 лет назад +9

    what would happen if italy also decides to attack paris instead of support

    • @BSweezy2
      @BSweezy2 5 лет назад +4

      The french and italian moves bounce off each other, unless the austrian army provides support to one of the incoming attacks.

  • @macckkss
    @macckkss Год назад +1

    6:24 isn’t more power centers than units the same as fewer units than power centers?? what is the difference

  • @mattcosner8681
    @mattcosner8681 3 года назад +3

    3:07. Pretty sure Germany doesn't start with units in Constantinople, Smyrna and Ankara.

  • @TheMuffinMan-im6pz
    @TheMuffinMan-im6pz 4 года назад +4

    So in other words “only one unit in a province at a time” means only one player can be in a province at a time

    • @tobyespinoza253
      @tobyespinoza253 3 года назад +4

      Yes, and that player can only have either one army or one fleet in that province

    • @solsystem1342
      @solsystem1342 Год назад

      Basically, they're saying it's not risk. You're not going to make doom stacks to conquer the world with in diplomacy. You make a wall of armies and crush your enemies underneath their boots.

  • @qwerasdf4134
    @qwerasdf4134 Год назад +1

    Heard and even owned the old version of the game but never learnt/managed to play it - but instead of only focus on Europe back before WW1, would be nice/more fun to have a WORLD version, esp. in the contemporary setting where one can play US, Russia or even Asian superpowers like China and Japan ? I am wondering while there have been more versions of Axis and Allies but there was simply no further development of this game and it still sticks to a few countries in Europe only?

  • @mairadebayser5383
    @mairadebayser5383 2 года назад +1

    Very well explained.

  • @reverendnon5959
    @reverendnon5959 7 месяцев назад

    Where do new armies appear when you capture strategic points? And where fleets do?

  • @leonleese4919
    @leonleese4919 2 года назад +1

    Is it possible to move from Spain to Africa with an army or must a convoy be used? It would be useful to know it is definitely not possible.

    • @solsystem1342
      @solsystem1342 Год назад

      They're not connected so you need a convoy. Strangely an army can walk from Denmark to Scandinavia.

  • @prakharpant6903
    @prakharpant6903 Год назад

    What is the tune at the beginning. I've heard it before but can't recall

  • @thilog5874
    @thilog5874 2 года назад

    I so remember playing this in the late 80s. We came together as friends and departed as enemies 😂

  • @Anbello2
    @Anbello2 11 месяцев назад

    At around 14:00 what would happen if both France and Italy attacked Paris without supporting each other? Would it be a standoff?

  • @madmaniaq
    @madmaniaq 6 лет назад +7

    How do you gain fleets?

    • @GrantDTL
      @GrantDTL 5 лет назад +6

      Build them in your coastal home provinces

    • @jangamecuber
      @jangamecuber 3 года назад

      The list is
      France: Marseilles, Brest
      UK: Liverpool, London, Edinburgh
      Germany: Kiel, Berlin
      Italy: Naples, Rome, Venice
      Austria: Trieste
      Russia: Sevastopol, St Petersburg (North Coast or South Coast)
      Turkey: Constantinople, Smyrna, Ankara

  • @thomaskelliher7858
    @thomaskelliher7858 4 месяца назад

    What would happen in the following situation?
    France’s moves: Burgundy supports Munich. Munich moves to Berlin.
    Russia’s moves: Bohemia supports Silesia to Munich. Prussia moves to Berlin.
    Does Munich have to retreat?
    Thanks,

    • @BryanCantDance
      @BryanCantDance 3 месяца назад

      Burgundy cannot support Munich-Berlin as it has to be a legal move for it to support. If instead Kiel supported Munich-Berlin it would stay in Berlin and Prussia would be forced to hold.
      Edit: I think I misunderstood the question

    • @BryanCantDance
      @BryanCantDance 3 месяца назад

      Sorry after rereading I understand the question, Sil-Mun fails. The rule states "One unit not moving (hold or prevented from moving) can stop a unit or series of units from moving. Pg. 9 Para. 2 of the latest rulebook

  • @victoryfirst06
    @victoryfirst06 3 года назад +1

    Where did you get the pictures of the fleets and armies?

    • @harsh-rules
      @harsh-rules  3 года назад

      I scanned the game pieces and used the images.

  • @CMDRJakob
    @CMDRJakob 10 месяцев назад

    There are some errors in the listing of starting positions of units.

  • @commentatorboy
    @commentatorboy Год назад

    I have a question.
    In 12:33 what would happen if Italy wrote:
    A BUR S A GAS - BRE?

    • @therunningpepperoni4862
      @therunningpepperoni4862 Год назад +1

      A BUR S A GAS - BRE?
      what you wrote is: Army Burgandy (italy army in bur province) supports Army gas (french army in gas province) moves in bre (french army moves in brest)
      Since the Italy unit is in burgundy, and is not ADJACENT to brest, therefor CANNOT support the move into brest. It CAN support the move to Paris because is ADJANT to the French army and the Italy army.
      For short: unit's move must be to a province into which the supporting unit could otherwise move.
      Hope that helps.

    • @commentatorboy
      @commentatorboy Год назад

      @@therunningpepperoni4862 Hey man. Thanks for the help :) yeah it made sense.

  • @jw550w0r9pw
    @jw550w0r9pw 4 года назад +3

    The german power cities are wrong. I dont own the game but I think those are Hamburg, Berlin and Munich based on my knowledge as a German.

    • @matthewutech5970
      @matthewutech5970 4 года назад

      Not every zone in the game uses the biggest nor most important city in it's region. Sometimes they use the Region/Territory/Province name itself as a name of the area (ex; "Wales", "Prussia", etc)

    • @jw550w0r9pw
      @jw550w0r9pw 4 года назад

      @@matthewutech5970 first of all the short names match the one from turkey which makes sense because it's ANK for Ankara f.e.
      And then you just look at where the star is which is exactly Berlin Hamburg anf Munich.
      Additionally all the other countries use cities.
      LON- London
      LVP - Liverpool
      PAR-Paris

    • @belcavendishny
      @belcavendishny 3 года назад

      @@matthewutech5970 J W's point does stand that the supply center dot placed on the board for the province named for Kiel is confusingly placed at Hamburg (Kiel is ~100km north of there) and this error extends back to the first edition of the game

    • @solsystem1342
      @solsystem1342 Год назад +1

      @@belcavendishny I mean Great Britain is called england. While the game of diplomacy pretends to capture Europe. It's actually far more concerned with how the board encourages diplomacy and conflict. This is obvious if you look at how varied the size of some regions are. Galicia weirdly borders a lot of region specifically go create tension between austria and russia. Similarly with belgium being placed smack dab between England, France, and Germany so each of them needs support of someone else to take it (early).
      Moments like players celebrating a couple pieces of cardboard NOT moving with their newfound ally wouldn't be as special otherwise.
      A lot of diplomacy variants make this mistake valuing accuracy over the gameplay itself.

    • @belcavendishny
      @belcavendishny Год назад

      @@solsystem1342 this is a good point. calling it an "error" imparted judgment unfairly.

  • @juguetesretros4369
    @juguetesretros4369 4 года назад +2

    HELLO FRIEND, HOW MUCH SHOULD IT COST THE GAME FOR COMPLETE ORIGINAL PC

    • @Hacker_Kamyko
      @Hacker_Kamyko 4 года назад +4

      HELLO FRIEND, I AM NOT SURE ABOUT THAT SORRY MAYBE SOMEONE ELSE KNOW

    • @victoryfirst06
      @victoryfirst06 4 года назад

      JUST STOP WITH CHATTING IN CAPITAL LETTERS

    • @margaritakouzi5630
      @margaritakouzi5630 3 года назад

      HELLO FRIEND, I DO NOT BELIEVE THAT WHOEVER YOU WERE WRITING THIS COMMENT TO KNOWS YOU.

  • @lukasmiller8531
    @lukasmiller8531 Год назад

    I'm a bit confused as to how you gain units. If being in control over a territory means having a unit on it, how can you ever control more power centers than you have units?

    • @solsystem1342
      @solsystem1342 Год назад +2

      You retain control over power centers as long as you were the last person to hold them after fall.
      Ie: if england moves out of London they still control it. Until someone manages to capture it (and hold it until the end of fall). I think the physical game has tokens to track who owns what province.

    • @lukasmiller8531
      @lukasmiller8531 Год назад

      @@solsystem1342 Ah that makes sense. Thank you!

  • @KonstantinI
    @KonstantinI 2 года назад

    Where did you get these? I barely got my hands on A&A classic...

    • @harsh-rules
      @harsh-rules  2 года назад +2

      I got Diplomacy off of Amazon ages ago. I just checked and it's still available for like $19 in the U.S. It's practically a steal at that price.

  • @robertroy1878
    @robertroy1878 Год назад

    The German army represented by a black canon represents, stereotypically is in Paris!

  • @Larkinchance
    @Larkinchance Год назад

    Does Anthony Blinken know about this game? Perhaps someone should tell him...

  • @mairadebayser5383
    @mairadebayser5383 2 года назад

    You have to fix the list of provinces in Germany. Minute 2:00. You've listed Turkey provinces, instead of German provinces.

  • @maximilianradomersky5165
    @maximilianradomersky5165 3 года назад +2

    Can a army support only a unit right next to it or anywhere on the map?

  • @mcvibing2785
    @mcvibing2785 2 года назад

    can a fleet from another player convoy your army?

    • @ansyyxux
      @ansyyxux 2 года назад

      Yes, the way you interact with other players' units are the same as with your own

    • @solsystem1342
      @solsystem1342 Год назад

      @@ansyyxux this is not true. Your units can't cut support from your own units or dislodge them.
      Ie: if you attack your own unit with strength two nothing will move (this can also technically defend a province that's bouncing somewhere else because you can't take a province unless your attack is the strongest.
      Oh for the cutting support thing is a flavor thing I belive. I don't think there would be a situation where cutting your own support is useful but, if would be weird to command your armies fight so the rules say it can't happen.

  • @cheekychicken8606
    @cheekychicken8606 2 года назад

    Thank you sir

  • @ashur24
    @ashur24 3 года назад +2

    I don't understand what orders have priority over others, specially when one can ruin another one if it is played first. Is there a system?

    • @Pystro
      @Pystro 3 года назад +5

      There are no priorities. The players privately write up all orders as a way to make their decisions functionally simultaneous. The purpose of the "order resolution" phase is to work out which orders are:
      A being interfered with;
      B not interfered with but are unsuccessful; and
      C which orders achieve their objective.
      I'm no expert, so I don't know if this is 100% accurate, but I think that only attack orders can interfere with other orders; and also every attack order can (usually) only interfere with at most 1 target unit's order. (The only exception being that if you attack a fleet that is trying to convoy, it interferes with the orders of that fleet and the army being convoyed.) This means the interferences can only form either a chain (or tree) with 1+ start points and a single end point, or a closed loop. A chain being more common and a closed loop usually involves only 2 units attacking each other. A chain is resolved starting from the unit(s) that nobody is trying to interfere with. For example:
      unit A's attack on unit B is not contested and it DOES interfere with B's orders;
      unit B's attack on unit C can therefore NOT interfere with unit C's orders;
      unit C's attack on unit D DOES happen;
      unit D's attack/support can NOT happen;
      and so on.
      I don't know how closed loops are resolved.

    • @belcavendishny
      @belcavendishny 3 года назад +1

      @@Pystro it's important to remember that units don't attack units; rather, they move to spaces. this may sound like a pedantic minor point but actually it clears everything up. in your proposed chain, for example, unit A's movement only interferes with unit B if unit B is trying to stay put. as a result, interferences must be calculated from the other end of the chain. if unit D is trying to support some other unit, unit C cannot take its place and therefor does not move, so unit B cannot move, so unit A cannot move. in this event, the support attempted by unit D fails because it has been interfered with by C. however, if unit D is moving itself, unit C takes its place, unit B takes C's place, and unit A takes B's place.

    • @solsystem1342
      @solsystem1342 Год назад

      There are a few paradoxes in the rules that have been found but, they're highly unlikely to come up in play. Like, a unit supporting a convoy onto itself while a two strength attack hits the convoy (and most rule adjudication systems say no units move if a paradox happens).
      I think about it this way:
      1) cut support from providences under attack
      2) everything else resolves
      Except in weird edge cases this just works. Like, two units trying to attack each other with the same strength bounce. While, three units moving in a triangle all shuffle around. Using the rules of diplomacy you can work through even very complex situations pretty quickly since you just count attack vs defense for every individual move/convoy.
      There is a slight extra detail that single strength attacks can be bounced by a unit that was bounced out of its target.
      Ie: if Paris attacks somewhere and bounces while an army Brest attacks Paris they won't move. The alternative (with Brest making it into Paris) would be super awkward to play around and encourage turtling.

  • @theov.5631
    @theov.5631 3 года назад +1

    Thanks for the vidéo

  • @ikoino
    @ikoino Год назад

    I stopped at the cough

    • @macckkss
      @macckkss Год назад

      why didn’t he cut that part out 😂😂

  • @thecattoldmetodoit4329
    @thecattoldmetodoit4329 5 лет назад +4

    What

  • @skyelyu8860
    @skyelyu8860 4 года назад +1

    I cannot find this game in app store?What is its name in the app store?

  • @djay2187
    @djay2187 4 года назад +8

    Unnecessary bit of French bashing at 7.00.

    • @koopanique
      @koopanique 3 года назад +1

      Yeah I found it gratuitous and slightly toxic

    • @belcavendishny
      @belcavendishny 3 года назад +6

      "unnecessary bit of French bashing," incidentally enough, is also an apt descriptor of the entire period from 1812-1958

    • @wackzingo
      @wackzingo 2 года назад +6

      It was very necessary.

  • @TheBlueArcher
    @TheBlueArcher 3 года назад +1

    Wait, I don't understand stage 5. So at the start of the game, you control 3 power centers, and you place a fleet or army at those power centers. If you move one away from them you lose control of the power center, so how does any unit not always disappear at the end of the turn unless it moves to a power center adjacent to one that it started with? Unless "control" is defined differently, which I don't recall you mentioning in the video
    Because the other thing is, how would units spawn in a power center? because if you don't have units there, you don't control them. so no units would spawn?
    (how do you control more power centers than you have fleets or armies?)
    or how would you move a unit to a non power center without it immediately disbanding because you now control one less power center?
    clearly control isn't defined by having a unit there... Maybe i missed it, I watched the video in its entirety and i jumped around a bit to see if maybe i missed teh definition of "control"...

    • @gonzalosanz-magallon7102
      @gonzalosanz-magallon7102 2 года назад +4

      You would only lose control of one of your power centers if another player occupies it at the end of a Fall turn, otherwise you would still have control of it despite not having a unit placed there, hope this helps :)

  • @rollingo8678
    @rollingo8678 5 лет назад +17

    Seriously it’s called Britain or the UK not England it’s not all England

    • @MultiNighthawk25
      @MultiNighthawk25 4 года назад +6

      John Gunn The United Kingdom was established in 1707. I think the only thing the board game is trying to say is that England controlled the isles and was the powerhouse. Like you said.

    • @matthewutech5970
      @matthewutech5970 4 года назад +1

      Tbh, most folks in the world don't realize theres much difference Between Great Britain, UK, and England. Hell, I can hardly remember the exact difference between Great Britain and England. It should also be noted that Ireland is NOT an available territory in Diplomacy, so all the "UK's" starting territories are based on the english island, so it wouldn't be too questionable to call the UK's forces the English.

    • @jangamecuber
      @jangamecuber 3 года назад

      The person who made the game made a mistake and called it England.

  • @ThirrinDiamond
    @ThirrinDiamond 4 года назад +7

    Idk if i like being spoken to as a child or not
    On one hand it's degrading
    On the other, i'm still a bit confused even with this explanation

    • @anasjama5339
      @anasjama5339 4 года назад +2

      Trust im still confused gonna have to learn the rest as I go along

    • @ThirrinDiamond
      @ThirrinDiamond 4 года назад +1

      @@anasjama5339 literally same 😂

  • @Deadralord777
    @Deadralord777 3 года назад +3

    Man straight up says Edin Burg not Edin Bruh
    Makes me uncomfortable

    • @belcavendishny
      @belcavendishny 3 года назад +1

      Disrespecting the Scots is a Diplomacy tradition (note how the United Kingdom is referred to as 'England')

    • @Deadralord777
      @Deadralord777 3 года назад

      @@belcavendishny I’m an Aussie and I don’t even make those mistakes

    • @belcavendishny
      @belcavendishny 3 года назад +1

      @@Deadralord777 this is what happens when you let americans design a game set in europe

  • @bobsingh838
    @bobsingh838 5 лет назад +16

    I left at 0:35

  • @ItsTryHardGamer
    @ItsTryHardGamer 5 лет назад +1

    😱

  • @jorunholm9060
    @jorunholm9060 6 лет назад +1

    My name is Christian tihihi

  • @gandydancer9710
    @gandydancer9710 2 года назад

    :25 sec in, and you've got something wildly wrong. Diplomacy was NOT originally published by Avalon Hill in 1959. It was self-published by Calhamer, then got a publisher (big brown box, iirc) then acquired by Avalon Hill in, I think, the 1970s.

  • @jorunholm9060
    @jorunholm9060 6 лет назад +4

    Sgaerag