Quark Gluon Plasma
HTML-код
- Опубликовано: 16 июн 2024
- Matter is malleable and can change its properties with temperature. This is most familiar when comparing ice, liquid water and steam, which are all different forms of the same thing. However beyond the usual states of matter, physicists can explore other states, both much colder and hotter. In this video, Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln explains the hottest known state of matter - a state that is so hot that protons and neutrons from the center of atoms can literally melt. This form of matter is called a quark gluon plasma and it is an important research topic being pursued at the LHC.
Наука
"You're as hot as quark-gluon plasma".
Extreme pick up line --w--
I always thought the "hot" sexual term derived from erogenous body parts getting warm with extra blood flow when excited. If a girl was hot, perhaps her nipples were engorged with blood - and thus hot.
This term then mutated into meaning sexually attractive.
It totally makes sense now.
Cristhian318 *hotter
Cristhian318 this has to be used at sum point sir
Nehmo Sergheyev well it also has to do with the overall acceleration of the body's metabolism during arousal which increases overall body heat. The word "cool" however has to do with being calm, collected and precise because if you think about it... Someone who is calm and collected is less energetic, therefore less hot, therefore cool. Both words are used as compliments though...
This is the first time I've heard about a quark-gluon plasma. This channel does a great job of making these topics both fascinating and fun. Thank you!
Hahaha. I laughed out loud at the intro joke. Good times.
Helo
2:32 helo
Helo
Very helpful, I’m a eighthgrader and I didn’t expect to understand any of the terms but I was able to understand everything
You're in 12th now, right? Hope that's going well for you!
This is another good video on making the abstractions of quantum physics more accessible to the average person.
I love these videos. This is one of the only channel that presents modern particle research in a way that is both accurate and interesting. I will watch your videos as long as you keep making them. Thanks for keeping us smart!
Cody Nault Check out World Science U. I think you will like their master classes.
Quark gluon plasma is pretty toasty.
Fermilab Is there an upper limit to temperature? In the video it's stated that a collider can generate a temperature approximately a million times hotter than the centre of the sun. Is that the limit? Or can temperature go on to infinity?
Fermilab Is it as hot as Don, though?
teknifix The hottest places in the universe are the emptiest, the voids between galactic sheets. The sun is cool in comparison.
Fermilab yes, pretty toasty *_AND_* behaves like a fluid. Can you explain why your vacuum behaves like a fluid?
***** so this incredibly highly energetic plasma all of a sudden behaves like a fluid like water? And you need to crank up the #LHC energy *_just a little_* more to gasify the products of the collision?
I just can't wait for Dr. Lincoln's take on negative Kelvin temperatures :))
***** Hm...?
+gavinwince They let kooks like you comment on real science channels?
+apburner1 Lol, sixty symbols has the best video on negative kelvin. gavinwince isn't a "kook", it's strange concept, but entirely real. If you define temperature as the population density of particles with a given energy, you can look at the inverse of the regular shape of the curve and that special population density is what is being referred too.
If you're going to be vindictive about something, inform yourself first.
Negative temperature is when the entropy goes *down* the more energy you put into the system. Yes, it can happen.
I submit to you the theory that gluons must have an antiparticle known as a "peeloff".
*_Your move, Don._*
You don't know much latin.
That's my retort.
Gluon is a neologism derived from the English word "glue" and the Greek suffix "-on" that denotes an entity. Proton therefore means "first being" in Greek, and electron means "resin being".
@@Tadesan My retort:
That's Greek, not Latin!
i thought they put that Peeloff under my chicken last night at supper....... tasty antiparticles !
Hextator i am starting to feel that the gluons hold the answer to string theory.
THANK YOU PROFESSOR LINCOLN...!!!
Excellent video on a very cool topic!
that certainly is totally cool. Thanks for the video!
Absolutely awesome video. Thank you so much!
Thank you Don! This was very informative and entertaining :)
Great video, and the gag at the beginning was hilarious!
What if I add even more energy?
Yeah, I'm waiting for you quantum gravity.
No , you dont . You probably will first reach the Grand Unification , meaning that you will create strong electro weak type a force. Then , after that , you will need yet again another input of energy , and then , and only then maybe quantum gravity . But I dont think its posible in our 3D space anymore given the fact that Gravity can escape throw dimensions , and maybe thats why it got diluted .
@@cazymike87 Beyond that, we'll probably reach the Planck temperature (which is thought to be the highest attainable temperature 1.4x10^32 K). 😃
A great teacher. I wish I had such back in my days... :(
Can you make a video about the Bose-Einstein Condensate?
I second that!
ruclips.net/video/nAGPAb4obs8/видео.html
Thank you Fermilab, Thank you Don for your excellent analysis and description of the correct description of what quark and gluon plasma Is :), peace and love , Doug. PS Thank you Dept. of Energy for your support :).
I never imagined understanding such a thing! Keep the amazing work on
Great description!
Excellent presentation for a commoner like me but interested in science.Thanks
Another great video.
Impressive video. Great!
I love this guy. Thanks!
As always a great video
Love this channel
You know what they say. If you can't take the heat, stay out of particle physics.
Epic opening Sir
Geez~ Thanks for this vid. It makes sense to me now.
Nice job explaining QGP. Even I could understand this (IT background, not physics). Thank you for explaining plasma - the first clear explanation I've heard. :)
Very cool area of research. Looking forward all the new stuff we'll learn!
Nice data Don. Of note I rendered a Gluon from a Punctuation Accelerator which I built that was supplanted with my sister Linda's name, my brother Rob's, and the name Rich. We fostered the brainchild and named the Gluon "Gluon Kretzschmar" and as an forein exchange student entered him into the Johnsburg Illinois education system. You would make a good Godfather for Gluon Don. I hope you can attend Gluon's baptism.
This channel is precious as antimatter
Thanks for making these, they're awesome
Absolutely amazing! I didn't think that was possible. If qgp was cooled back down would it reassemble into the same/similar form of matter or is it a permanent transition?
thats what i figured. thanks for the response
Sir said very nice information. This is very important information. I have a question Does the fact that quarks and gluons give too much heat away from each other mean that there may be something in the quarks as well?
Where has this channel been all my life, fuckin love this stuff. Thank you
Usually jokes in science videos are cheesy, but I actually genuinely laughed at the ones in this video.
Excellent!
Awesome video, I feel smarter now,,thank you. Please keep making more videos. Does the Higgs boson particle exist "naturally" or was it created at the LHC as a byproduct of smashing protons?
They do exist naturally. They were only discovered when nucleons were collided in the LHC
thank you Don!!!!
After seeing this video I need to review my definition of the measure of temperature and heat. Wasnt it due to agitation of molecules with the outcome being the change of state as the observable outcome? In plasma, the electrons are stripped off but where do they go? And then how do the nucleons exchange heat? And how does the sensor/transducer measure the temperature directlt from the nucleons? How do we define temperature and heat now?
What instruments do particle accelerators use to measure the collisions?
nice work!
If the phase change from gas to plasma is called ionization (the reverse recombination), then what's the phase change to CGP called?
amazing.... as always :D
No comments? Awesome video mate
Cool I learned something!
**CAN YOU STOP THE MOTION OF QUARKS AND GLUONS BY FREEZING BARE NUCLEI TO ABSOLUTE ZERO?**
I'd love to know the answer to that one. I've had 2 questions for a while now:
1) if you add enough heat to a nucleon, can you 'disassemble' it, then what happens after that? Your video here answered that for me -- thank you.
2) if you chill a bare nucleus, what happens to the gluon and quark activity inside? Does the energy drop?
.
.
.
Note I am no doctor, tho I have hadd it is school and read a bit
1) If you heat the quark gluon plasma I dont know what happens. But you might end opp with enough ennergy inn an area to create a black hole.
2) we dont realy know what actualy happens, but a hypothesys based on quantom field theory is that the particle wouldnt have any ennergy, thus dont affect its field and thus be disspersed/stop existing
@@sindreherstad8739 To answer to 1), I think we enter into the Grand Unification Realm, where quarks and gluons and no meanings
when quark-gluon plasma cools back down does it form back the original matter? or it can form into some different matter?
Still accurate 4 years later.
What happened to those 'discoveries on the horizon' you were talking about?
Nice video
Thanks I was thinking about getting one for my mum for her birthday
*So are there two different types of plasma, cold plasma where only the outer shell of electrons are stripped and hot where where you have bare nucleus* ?
If you have a metal, the electrons are shared at low temperatures between all the metal nuclei but don't leave the surface of the metals unless they get a lot more kinetic energy by putting a voltage across the metal. Is there any room temperature or low energy equivalent for quarks and gluons? Maybe something to do with nuclear decay?
Could you pump a spherical faraday cage(While it already has a near 0 kelvin Hydrogen and Helium in methane and Ammonia hydrates.)
full of positive charged plasma with some thorium?
And let a bit of the Hydrogen leak out so the rest become more concentrated...
While you pump in more..
Or better yet, make the cages reppeling stronger?
Would that work to the point of fusion?
Totally cool!
Are gluons quantify? It says that there are eight types of gluons on wikipedia, if we can categorized them, they must be formed as segments no? So, I wondered how many gluons a proton contain? Or is it just pure energy moving and changing color charges ?
Is there a limit to "hot" above which there is nothing else to split apart or melt?
wait, how are quarks seperated? if you try to seperate quarks, you get more quarks?
Temperature.
Yes and in a quark-gluon-plasma you add energy and get more quarks.They're not confined to a hadron, but color charge is still conserved. You can't have a quark gluon plasma with just one quark
It might be a little questionable to say that quarks are being "separated" to each other in a quark-gluon plasma. They certainly aren't confined to hadrons in the traditional sense, but they can't leave the entire plasma, which must be color neutral. Thus, it might not be too unreasonable to call the entire quark-gluon plasma one enormous hadron.
The other place you hear about QCD matter is in the hearts of neutron stars that are just a bit too light to become black holes. It is hypothesized that, under such extreme pressures, the neutrons (and potential other hadrons) would fuse into some sort of giant hadron/quark-gluon fluid which quarks and gluons could flow throughout, and that the only stopping the star from collapsing would be the fact that the Pauli Exclusion principle prohibited quarks from occupying the same state. I think this is actually a different state of matter than the quark-gluon plasma created by high temperatures, but I'm really not sure.
The border temperature between quark-gluon plasma and hadronic matter, at least when the amount of matter is similar to the amount of antimatter, is called the "Hagedorn Temperature". Below this temperature color is confined to the interiors of hadrons and above it it "isn't", and quark-gluon plasma can form. This is apparently the temperature needed to spontaneously pull pions out of the quantum foam, i.e., the energy that creates the new quarks in that process you're talking about. I think the stability of quark-gluon plasma also has something to do with something called "screening". This is called "electric-field screening" in the context of ordinary plasmas, but obviously it's color-field screening in this case. I'm not entirely sure what it is, but it's something to do with the idea that the effects of charges can be cancelled out by other charges over distances through plasmas and is somehow related to the densities of charged particles in different places and how they might respond to the charges of particles.
As you might have gleaned, I'm definitely no expert, but what I've been reading makes me wonder if maybe these temperatures are just where the energy is so high that it creates so many quarks by the process you're describing that the density gets so high that quarks run past other quarks before they get far enough need to create more quarks, i.e., the entire plasma is hadron-like in density, at least in terms of something, maybe quarks-per-unit volume.
It's also worth considering that these states obviously only exist for a very short amount of time, at least in practice, which leads to the question of whether or not it takes a certain amount of time for the high energies to result in new quarks being created. This also might mean that the density wouldn't have to be hadron-like in terms of quarks-per-unit-volume, even if did last for a longer amount of time, because all that would matter would be the time it took quarks to get past other quarks and be screened, which would obviously require less quarks-per-unit-volume to be true the faster the quarks were moving, especially considering time-dilation (I think).
So, earth, waters, air and fire. Cool. :)
I wonder what you get when you cool a QGP down. Likely not the same matter as you started with, but will it tend to hydrogen or will it dissipate into nothing?
The 3 quarks in the neutron or proton are bound together by gluons, right? Do gluons also hold the atomic nucleus of protons and neutrons together?
I have just got my copy of Don Lincolins book
How do they detect something so small? What are the detectors made of?
It reads like something on the menu at an Italian restaurant, "Giuseppe, I wanta the quark-gluon pasta!"
Humm..what happens when they cool down again? Does thr strong force return back to play, and do they return to their generic atomic structure?
Wait. So because temperature is an emergent property of motion, a particle moving at the nearly the speed of light is very hot? Or does heat come from interactions?
Hi, If gluon is what confines the quarks and the mass of these can be understood as this confinement of energy, should we not expect that in this guark-gluon-plasma an enormous amount of energy as in an atomic explosion would be released and therefore these constituents would cease to exist? Thx, congratulations for the vdeos...
Really Interesting.
You have covered in this presentation the positive extreme temperatures.
Request you to cover extremely low-low temperatures, near about -273.16K. What are the states of matter in this neighbourhood.
Regards!!
Mantosh Tewari, INDIA
So, it's been 5 years, any news / updates on quark-gluon plasma?
Intro joke was awesome😎
great vido help wit h scenc phys 👍
I've seen some people debate this, but the superdense inner core of a neutron star consisting of quark-gluon plasma is quite possible, (if not likely), right?
Would be great to dive a bit deeper on QG plasma. Thanks!
I would love to see this happen
What temperature to break down quarks?
Ok, so an obvious question.
How much must be massive a black hole to generate a quark gluon plasma core?
Dear Dr.Lincoln .. How quarks are detected physically ? Pls
How does a nucleon melt? and what does it melt into? and how does the particle accelerators withstand the temperature caused by the quark gluon plasma?
I see the word Ads/cft on the blackboard, it can be used to study QGP
Nice video! I love learning about this stuff :D
PD: I hope to work in something relationated with particle physics someday
YEAH! I'll start college in 3 years...
I'm in high school yet
I heard from the Space-Time videos that past some very high temperature that a black hole can be created. Can you confirm that?
Yes thats true, you would create a black hole cause of how much energy u using
do they ever put larger matter in there like a few gallons of water against eachother?
Don you're my hero
These videos are easy to understand and covers really complicated topic. But it's soooo sloooow. Good thing youtube has accelerated playback speed option.
Genial!, hablo español y le entendí perfectamente bien
pleas can you make a video about quark - gluon jet
I know I will probably never get an answer here, but if we assume that QG Plasma is created in black holes after neutron degeneracy pressure is overcome by gravity, does this prevent further gravitational collapse into a singularity?
That's amazing how matter still doesn't become information or (thermodynamic) we have work to do with higher energies at the Lhc
What is the music 0.20s?
I'm confused, when you said you could melt the nucleons, does that mean that the quarks are contained inside an actual shell of energy? like the colored charge gluon encases quarks inside a physical shell of a strong force material, is that what the jets are? If this shell of energy exists, where does its particles go after you melt it? Or is that just a simple analogy, because I'm awfully confused here?
Can we stop reference to fahrenheit at along?
is quark gluon plasma now a state of matter beyond the known 7?
I admire your sdroWork.
Is this the “5th form of matter” or does it fall under the plasma umbrella?
Do quark-gluon plasmas have mass. Are they pre Higgs boson?
I know I'm six years late but, anyhow, assuming the singularity does not exist, what should we expect to exist inside black holes: neutron stars or quark-gluon plasma? Are they "hot" (energetic) enough for the latter?
We've not been able to split a magnets North/South poles into a monopole, much like we haven't been able to split two quarks into a 'mono-quark', a single quark. Are they linked in any way? If you keep shrinking a magnet, you'll eventually reach the realms of quarks and electrons. And how is gravity linked to this from the high energy of quarks-gluon plasma?
Why that happend only when temeptur is increasing? What is the effect of tempetur ?
I have heard that in the core of a neutron star is this quark gluon plasma because the neutrons are at such high pressures. Is that true that neutron stars have quark gluon plasma in their cores?