Control Large Gearmotors with PWM & Arduino

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  • Опубликовано: 5 сен 2024

Комментарии • 304

  • @boxingfan5742
    @boxingfan5742 3 года назад +37

    I'm so glad I found you on RUclips. I'm in my 50's and had to put my programming and robotics interests on the back burner for too many years to be able to recollect the technique specifics. You're a life saver; particularly as I'm trying to pivot in my career. Your tone, pace and thoroughness are perfect. I just can't overemphasize how grateful I am to find your channel and for what an outstanding job you do. ✌

    • @lucasrem1870
      @lucasrem1870 2 года назад

      All he says is use mosfet transistors, they are faster.
      Programming these logic control board, i do suggest, use LEGO mindstorms first, before you start coding these.
      If your good enough, use his scripts!

    • @churnejii57
      @churnejii57 Год назад

      anybody kno2 that motor spec ?

    • @tinkerpertao8383
      @tinkerpertao8383 Год назад

      i think i found workbotshop about 2years ago. I would like to second your comment. Busy working & time goes by fast. I'm over half a century yrs old and still learning. Last, I would like to thank Mr. WorkBotShop a lot too.

  • @fabiolus2007
    @fabiolus2007 3 года назад +12

    I can't express enough how much I admire how well you explain details that are necessary to know.

  • @jlucasound
    @jlucasound 4 года назад +5

    Love your videos. This particular one is close to my heart. Arduino, Robots, and the motor controller I just learned of. I think one of the best parts of your videos is your wiring diagrams. So easy to follow. Thank You, Sir! Interesting is the effect of different frequencies and that the Arduino can actually deliver them. What a difference in current draw. Batteries will last MUCH longer. Nice.

  • @joshuamadden2442
    @joshuamadden2442 3 года назад +5

    This video was so incredibly helpful. I especially liked those camera switches very professional. Thanks for all the effort you put into this will be watching and learning from all your videos.

  • @phil4110
    @phil4110 5 лет назад +4

    Using a ramp with a change in slope by measured degrees would be a more accurate way to determine efficient torque versus frequency distortion. You'd need to secure that load and use higher traction wheels though. Great video and in depth knowledge. I'm completely new to this and I appreciate your simplified and detailed tutorials.

  • @rusticagenerica
    @rusticagenerica 5 лет назад +1

    Your work area is of a medicaly cleanliness. Stunning job.

  • @Inventor101
    @Inventor101 5 лет назад +17

    Amazing video and nice channel👍

  • @victorinborsciov6817
    @victorinborsciov6817 4 года назад

    At last I found someone knowing what he is saying. Just for kicks I measured my Hitachi battery powered hand drill, starting current with no load reached peaks in the range10-15A, when loaded 30-35A. Good job!

  • @catchulater7483
    @catchulater7483 Год назад

    I know this video is over three years old. I keep referring back to it (thanks YT library) to remind me of the importance of clocking, for frequency. Thank you.

  • @ThiefKingBakuraX
    @ThiefKingBakuraX 5 лет назад +43

    Quality content always

    • @noeviracochea431
      @noeviracochea431 3 года назад

      where can i get the md10c (i'm from bolivia)

  • @antonetrinh8662
    @antonetrinh8662 5 лет назад +6

    Sir, You are a wonderful teacher. Thank you.

  • @wishicouldarduino8880
    @wishicouldarduino8880 5 лет назад +4

    I found a DC to pwm kit I also got the cytron I can't wait to see how they work cytron seems really neat

  • @barneycarparts
    @barneycarparts Год назад

    BTW: I see eBayers selling Wheel Chair motors without wheels. I found that Harbor Freight pneumatic wheels with 4 bolt holes line up perfectly, and cost around $5. You should knock out the inside bearing to fit the hub nut, and fill the tire with Fix a Flat or Slime since the valve stem will be on the inside mount side. I think they are the 4-5 in rim, white wheels. The BT-2 45 amp motor controller works on a wheel chair motor. You can get the BT-2 cheap 2 for $15. I bench tested my Wheel chair motor yesterday and it only pulled 10-12 amps under no load so there is plenty of amps left for a load. I believe DWS said the BT-2 were 30 Amps continuous. 45 peak. I just looked on eBay Wheel Chair motor prices have skyrocketed They run from $130 to $200 each. It might be better to look on Craigslist and buy a whole chair for $100-300 from an estate sale. 5 years ago I got 2 eBay motors without wheels for $75. I also had 2 chairs given to me when a friend's mother passed away

  • @hadireg
    @hadireg 5 лет назад +2

    Excellent ! I'm grateful to all the folks sharing so kindly their knowledge and on top of that with this high quality! Thank you sir!

  • @rickhunt3183
    @rickhunt3183 5 лет назад

    I would strongly consider using a preset 555 timer for duty cycle and frequency and a programmable frequency devider to drive the input of an h-bridge. This would of course be beyond the scope of just one video. I would suggest a series of videos carefully planned out with the just the information required to stay on the objective lasting only 10 or 12 minutes each. This would allow noobs the oppertunity to absorb the information without getting intimidated or overwhelmed by the magnitude of the information. It’s easer to remember 12 minutes of information than 35, and sitting through a 10 minute video 3 times is a lot more appealing than a 35 minute video 3 times. If someone is going to leave a dislike or a negative comment. They should at the very least be willing to offer a solution.

  • @TuanTran-xi4vs
    @TuanTran-xi4vs 2 года назад

    Your lectures are so easy to understand. Thank you very much.

  • @Yosemite_Sam
    @Yosemite_Sam 2 года назад

    Interesting. 10 minute videos are an excellent idea to supplement your others. Cheers from OZ.

  • @ozgemmo3445
    @ozgemmo3445 4 года назад +2

    Hi Bill - simply brilliant video with excellent graphics etc! You have now prompted me to get into this very interesting area of controlling large gear-motors through an Arduino and will now duplicate your project! Just as an additional thought I think you could produce a graph for each motor (or pairs of) showing motor efficiency compared to PWM vs frequency and current draw. - would be very interesting to see graphically; please let me know what you think? Cheers & thanks from Down Under. PS: just signed up for your News Letter as well.

  • @harleywang
    @harleywang 4 года назад +1

    Excellent course. That's the course I needed for motor driving. Thanks a lot!

  • @alicegabriel1909
    @alicegabriel1909 5 лет назад +1

    Great video ! I always learn something new any time I watch your video ,keep it up .

  • @luisfernandomoncayomarulan1208
    @luisfernandomoncayomarulan1208 4 года назад

    I loved the camara changing at 1:12

  • @newburypi
    @newburypi 5 лет назад +1

    Thanks DB. I'm looking forward to the robot series, and hoping it gives me the insentive to get my fellow rolling.

  • @MattyEngland
    @MattyEngland 5 лет назад +1

    Thks for all the hard work making these videos, it's really appreciated.

  • @kinsgabil5004
    @kinsgabil5004 4 года назад

    Love to watch and learn from you. I like the style you explain with demos and pics. Thank you

  • @jomango1929
    @jomango1929 5 лет назад

    You are the best professor on RUclips !

  • @Tri_3st
    @Tri_3st 5 лет назад +2

    Thats awesome, i am looking forward too see your upcoming content! Really well produced video as always :)

  • @ProGamer-kr5tn
    @ProGamer-kr5tn 5 лет назад +3

    I love your work setup!!

  • @infinytower3317
    @infinytower3317 5 лет назад

    Super great news! I am just beginning to watch the video, but it must contain tons of great contents, as always! Thank you so much!

  • @rewardsoverwater7821
    @rewardsoverwater7821 2 года назад

    I like your channel. I'm poor so I can't afford to throw stuff out. My portable swamp cooler is getting electronic components added to maximize the cooling with little power. I was hoping to put a new motor but the machine has a custom motor. So I need to get a better board built. Again thank you.

  • @808GT
    @808GT 5 лет назад

    EXCELLENT NEWS! MORE DRONEBOT WEEKLY!!!

  • @toprudder1
    @toprudder1 3 года назад

    Excellent! Good illustrations, great video work, excellent information.

  • @ntang4922
    @ntang4922 Год назад

    Great video! Do you also happen to have a video on the control of AC motors?

  • @calvinlee7915
    @calvinlee7915 Год назад

    Very nice workshop. Thanks so much for sharing!

  • @NoahPeeters
    @NoahPeeters 5 лет назад +2

    Amazing informative video!
    Could you maybe make a video about the esp 32 module?
    I'm trying to figure out how it's Bluetooth and wifi work and how it can be connected to a smartphone.
    I would really appreciate it if you could make a video about it.
    Keep up the great work!

  • @LuisRivera-jk8jc
    @LuisRivera-jk8jc 4 года назад

    All of your videos are excellent

  • @caveratward6218
    @caveratward6218 5 лет назад

    GREAT VIDEO. For a beginner myself I'am learning a lot. Thankyou

  • @VeryMuchBlessed
    @VeryMuchBlessed 4 года назад

    Excellent! The comparison with the different frequencies was very cool. Thanks much. New subscriber here!

  • @MrManta2012
    @MrManta2012 4 года назад

    Your graphics really help your message, Thanks

  • @scamper_van8470
    @scamper_van8470 3 года назад

    Well i'll bookmark that specific video and thank you for sharing both video and code.

  • @Tamingshih
    @Tamingshih 2 года назад

    Great job! I am just in need of this solution.

  • @heinrichhelmbold419
    @heinrichhelmbold419 4 года назад +1

    Your videos are absolutely incredible and really informative.... Thank you!! Any chance you could do this tutorial on the ESP 32 board still using the Cytron MD10C?

  • @dule1635
    @dule1635 3 года назад +1

    Thank you for your great lesson, Sir!

  • @Bonjour-World
    @Bonjour-World 4 года назад

    Three questions:
    1) Are those DC motors brushed or brushless ?
    2) Is the Cytron controller limited to either brushed or brushless motors ?
    3) Will the Cytron controller work with permanent magnet DC motors ?

  • @lucamyot8443
    @lucamyot8443 4 года назад

    Thank you, I wish I could learn from everyone like I can learn from you. God bless you.

  • @tedsykora1858
    @tedsykora1858 4 года назад +1

    Does the Arduino analog output pulse width return to the factory setting if you write a new sketch? If not, what divider is the default value to reestablish the pulse width frequency?

    • @tedsykora1858
      @tedsykora1858 4 года назад +1

      reply to myself: yes, if you remove setPwmFrequency() code out the Arduino defaults back to factory setting. I tested with oscilloscope. Fun

  • @sritamroy4430
    @sritamroy4430 4 года назад

    Great video ,a lot of information to know. Excellent teaching technique.Looking for more.Thank you Sir!

  • @T2D.SteveArcs
    @T2D.SteveArcs 4 года назад

    just to let you know your sig gen can put out DC you could have used ch2 to generate 5V direction signal
    also there is a frequency counter built into the scope.. and should be a counter built into sig gen aswel

  • @neilausten9404
    @neilausten9404 Год назад

    Am I the only one having LCD issues with your sketches. I pasted in your second sketch but found that only the left, up and reset buttons on my shield responded. Thought it must be an LCD shield problem so went and bought another shield. This time the UP button worked once to push PWM from 0 to 1 and then nothing. No other button responded on this second shield apart from reset which occasionally worked. Have tried loading other LCD test sketches and find all the buttons working normally on both shields -just not functioning properly on your sketches. If all had worked it would have been great for me as I am helping my grandson with a project and this was just what we wanted. Anyway thanks for the video..

  • @reamer59
    @reamer59 4 года назад

    Just a correction...The Collector/Emitter junction when in saturation (switched fully on) is only 0.2 volts not 0.7 as stated. Still Mosfet's are still better as stated :)

  • @omego23
    @omego23 5 лет назад +2

    Great learning video sir.
    could you please make a video of h bridge operating two large motors.
    I am working on making controller for electric wheelchair for disabled. your suggestions about that will be warmly welcom.
    Thanks

  • @marctalcott5613
    @marctalcott5613 2 года назад

    Another awesome video. Thank you.

  • @rjimene1
    @rjimene1 4 года назад +1

    excellent video, premium content, Thank you so much.

  • @peterdrury5627
    @peterdrury5627 3 года назад

    Very nice presentation. I was hoping to see the results of running your PWM clock at 20KHz. This would put the primary frequencies driving your motors above the threshold of normal human hearing. Not sure how high dogs can go, but in the interest of making your robot K-9 friendly, testing above that frequency might be a worthwhile experiment.

    • @lucasrem1870
      @lucasrem1870 2 года назад

      He needs other motors, they are just DC, you need PWM motors, they have 4 wires.

  • @shaunstewart4064
    @shaunstewart4064 5 лет назад +7

    Why are you using the while loop directly inside the loop function? The while loop cannot be exited and is currently redundant. I am just curious. I really enjoy your videos and I am looking forward to the robot build series.

    • @deWeik
      @deWeik 5 лет назад

      Loop( ) is the function's name. The while( ) keyword causes the code inside it to repeat.

    • @DailyCakeSlice
      @DailyCakeSlice 5 лет назад

      I'm wondering the same thing

    • @shaunstewart4064
      @shaunstewart4064 5 лет назад +3

      @@deWeik The loop function executes continuously anyway in Arduino. The while loop is redundant in this context.

    • @bluehornet6752
      @bluehornet6752 5 лет назад +4

      @@shaunstewart4064 Right...
      The one thing that *will* happen though, is that the built-in "serialEvent" method would never get called, as that gets called between iterations of the loop() function. So if you were listening for control data over the UART and wanted to use the serialEvent() function in a non-interrupt type of scenario, you'd be out of luck. It wouldn't get called, because there wouldn't be iterations of the loop() function--only the while(1) loop would be iterating.
      So you this is an excellent point you raise, and I would skip the while loop in the main event loop function.

    • @1951split
      @1951split 5 лет назад

      It's not redundant. The loop() function does more than just repeating the code and therefore it takes more time for it to restart. A while(1) loop doesn't do the extra stuff and therefore repeats itself much quicker.
      I recommend testing it yourself with a simple blink sketch or a stopwatch sketch...

  • @sambarakat2
    @sambarakat2 4 года назад

    Hi, I just want to say thank you for this well-done video I build my watch kinetic charger using your setup,it works just fine and I'm really happy with it .thank you looking forward to build my next project, I love to share a video of my kinetic charger.

  • @GiancarloAllasia
    @GiancarloAllasia 3 года назад +2

    Amazing video, very well done sir!
    I just want to highlight that putting the code into a while(1) into the void loop() statement is not really necessary, since the loop() function is an infinite loop itself, not that this changes the working principle :D

  • @opalprestonshirley1700
    @opalprestonshirley1700 5 лет назад

    Very nicely done. Most all of this I follow no problem. I would like to know how you determined the proper motor to use. Thanks for your hard work.

  • @T2D.SteveArcs
    @T2D.SteveArcs 4 года назад

    You should check if the fluctuations are real and if they are maybe you should build a low pass PI filter for the power supply, The PWM looks to be interfering with the feedback of the power supply? good work thanks for vids they are very good

  • @duncanmcgregor4973
    @duncanmcgregor4973 4 года назад

    Realy good video. And covering exactly what I wanted to know. Thanks.

  • @hfe1833
    @hfe1833 5 лет назад

    Just in time , for my project, so inspiring

  • @OsoPolarClone
    @OsoPolarClone 5 лет назад

    I am a relatively new viewer to your channel. I am enjoying your teaching style, the articles, and your very informative web site. I am staying current with all of your new videos while going back and looking at older ones. Will you be combining the google ai voice hat with the robot? I noted the hat has the ability to control servos and immediately thought of the recent robot videos. Thanks for your efforts at producing excellent educational videos.

  • @pjwlk
    @pjwlk 4 года назад

    Excellent video. I learned a few things - THANKS!

  • @PhG1961
    @PhG1961 5 лет назад

    Waw more video ! Great ! Hmmm, building a robot for over 40 years... this sounds so familiar ! I go to sleep and wake up with it !

  • @edmondedwards6729
    @edmondedwards6729 4 года назад

    I need microsecond control of the pwm pins, so am glad to see this tutorial as I was thinking it was too slow, with the fastest speed of 1 millisecond. With this proposed modification, what is now the fastest switching time of the pwm pins in microseconds? Thanks for a great tutorial on the subject...

  • @guyd6
    @guyd6 4 года назад

    It's very interessting. Nice job. Bill.

  • @MelihCANBOLAT
    @MelihCANBOLAT 4 года назад +5

    12:20; void loop already loops indefinitely. I think while(1){} is not necessary, is it?

  • @broadys_on
    @broadys_on 5 лет назад

    Newbie question: how does dividing down the clock signal increase the PWM frequency? Great videos by the way. You are helping a great deal with what can be achieved with an Arduino! Keep up the good work. Rich. UK.

    • @Johennessy
      @Johennessy 5 лет назад

      In the the specs of the ATmega Chip u will find a register that is setting the a prescaler that divides down the arduino clock for one of the timers. The timer work in 8 and 16 bits so u have 65000 cycles counting with the 16MHz cristal. Depending on how high u are counting the PWM is set from 0 to full. Since u want to use it in this case with 3000 Hz u have to divide the prescaler for the crystal clock to reach the 3kHz. Thats why u have to divide it down. Since it would be way to high.

  • @trekangle4907
    @trekangle4907 2 года назад

    I tried to modify this for the MDD10A, but I've been struggling to get things running. May I ask if you will be creating a video on the MDD10A in the future?

  • @christophemalvasio5569
    @christophemalvasio5569 5 лет назад +2

    @DroneBot Workshop next time try to find a trashed electric-wheelchair : usualy motors are very correct ;)

  • @600lester
    @600lester 3 года назад

    Hi great video, love to see it with an encoder and PID

  • @patricioantonio4189
    @patricioantonio4189 5 лет назад

    Excelente tutorial (como siempre). Felicitaciones y muchas gracias por sus enseñanzas.

  • @mohamedabd-alqawy6979
    @mohamedabd-alqawy6979 5 лет назад

    Sir , again and continuously I am amazed by your demonstration .
    where I am from ! when A master teach some thing as your doing we have to kiss his hand for it.
    and with your case this is not enough case i knew how hard to put this videos together and the content it self
    thank you is not enough but my English fails me to give a proper word for you
    thank you Sir

  • @acadman4322
    @acadman4322 5 лет назад

    AWESOME! This is great information. Thanks. And I have subscribed to the DBWS!

  • @AstrofishGames
    @AstrofishGames 3 года назад

    Really great stuff! Would you say the reason for motor efficiency going down with frequency increase is due to the rise/fall time of the motors (inductive loads?) I guess you get to a point where your frequency starts capping off the amplitude due to BEMF etc.

  • @kioapsytrance5594
    @kioapsytrance5594 3 года назад

    This was a really good video. Very interesting. Thank you :) You really have good videos :)

  • @unglaubichuberlieber8048
    @unglaubichuberlieber8048 3 года назад

    thanks for this very helpful+informative tutorial

  • @SchwanaCARDHUT
    @SchwanaCARDHUT 3 года назад +2

    Thank you very very mach ............

  • @natriumguy8537
    @natriumguy8537 3 года назад

    Ohh man this is THE CHANNEL for geeks like me ❤🙂

  • @kvaliantis
    @kvaliantis 3 года назад

    Thanks for the video. Can you please list all the test equipment you are using?

  • @stalebreivik5945
    @stalebreivik5945 4 года назад

    Thanks for great videos, I'm in smart house mode at the moment, I would like to see some standalone zigbee or z-wave projects.

  • @cecilialinck7778
    @cecilialinck7778 5 лет назад

    Nice tutorial, could you post a schematic diagram of your final setup including the breadboard and how the shield connects to the lcd screen and Arduino? Maybe it's supposed to be self explanatory but I'm very new with electronics and am trying to test out a gearmotor hooked up to a power tool battery pack

  • @DennisMurphey
    @DennisMurphey 2 года назад

    Sounds like something i need to explore for my Model Train, I keep burning up diodes or drivers now with MOSFETs seems there is hope. Can we get them at the 20VDC range in smaller sizes? I am sharing with my team. Our Control Lead is from S.A. so it takes us some rotations of earth to close our knowledge loop. Thank You So Very Much, Dennis

  • @souhardyadas114
    @souhardyadas114 5 лет назад +1

    Please make a video about how to use it in wireless mode

  • @davidmalawey
    @davidmalawey 4 года назад

    If I designed a reliable torque measuring kit, and provided it to you, would you rerun this test for the true torque data?

  • @derekschwontz9072
    @derekschwontz9072 5 лет назад +1

    Great tutorial

  • @alejandrosilva7520
    @alejandrosilva7520 4 года назад

    excellent thank you very much but I do disagree with the conclusion about the lowered power current consumption when you raise the frequency. Your power supply meter probably does not have the same accuracy near 400Hz than at 3Khz. You should verify your results with a real rms ammeter.

  • @capistor1
    @capistor1 5 лет назад

    Cant wait for the new videos. Love your videos

  • @InssiAjaton
    @InssiAjaton 5 лет назад

    Open loop application, apparently. I wonder if there might be IR compensation, or not even that on the driver board. To get better than 10:1 speed range, you normally need at least the mentioned IR compensation. Better yet, you could measure the Back EMF for a pretty good accuracy, though drifting along with the motor warming up. The really good ones you get with an accessory tacho generator that is independent of the motor heat. You could get speed range of maybe 1000:1. Similar accuracy and speed range, or even better, can be achieved with an encoder instead of the tacho. The encoder can also provide position control in addition to the speed control. But of course, your 255:1 PWM steps mean no finer speed control anyway.

  • @crushboss
    @crushboss 5 лет назад

    Great video mate, keep up the good work.

  • @pecilijevelicanstveni4973
    @pecilijevelicanstveni4973 5 лет назад +1

    Thank you sir!
    What a great job! I immediately subscribe to your list waiting fo new excited projects.
    Thank you again! I learned a lot from you.
    But, allow me to ask: in what application you made those wonderfull animations?
    I am planning to make some lessons and those animations are very, very usefull.
    Greetings!

  • @HighlineGuitars
    @HighlineGuitars 3 года назад

    I am working on a project that will use an Arduino flashed with grbl 1.1 and a gshield v5. I'd like to connect a 12v DC motor to the gshield via the D11 (spindle enable) pin and the D13 (DIR) pin. Originally I was going to use a L298N, but this Cytron MD10C looks like a better bet since it appears to only need the one DIR wire from the gshield for connection (the L298N needs two DIR wires). Any reason this wouldn't work?

  • @007hansen
    @007hansen 5 лет назад +2

    Love your videos and your voice, just a quick question: can you please read out this tongue twister:
    How much wood would a woodchuck chuck
    if a woodchuck could chuck wood?
    He would chuck, he would, as much as he could,
    and chuck as much wood as a woodchuck would
    if a woodchuck could chuck wood.

  • @neilausten9404
    @neilausten9404 Год назад

    The response of the LCD buttons seems totally dependent on the LCD. I have tried many combinations of arduinos with LCDs. Some give no response, some will have one responding button and the best I can come up with was one LCD had all buttons respond except the DOWN. Wonder how Bill got all his LCD buttons to work first time. Same applies to both of Bill's sketches.

  • @bcarr3116
    @bcarr3116 4 года назад

    Great Video. ! But can substitute the motors for Stepper motors? Thank you so much for this channel.

  • @stephengrattage5219
    @stephengrattage5219 Год назад

    I am currently trying to build a circuit for my two year olds electric ride on car. The throttle is just a switch on or off and if he’s on slippery ground the drive wheel just spins and he’s not going anywhere. I still want to use the throttle switch but start the drive wheel slower and speed up if the switch is held on longer. Also obviously stop when it’s released lol.

  • @albanducap
    @albanducap 4 года назад

    great !!! very informative ...will it be possible for you to make a subject about not expensive chinese brushless controllers and how toconnect them with arduino ? thank you ...

  • @ovidiurosu6632
    @ovidiurosu6632 5 лет назад

    this is so good; thank you for this great video

  • @abualis1178
    @abualis1178 4 года назад

    Hello DroneBot, thank you for sharing all the knowledge and experiences with us, your classes are fantastic and well prepared and delivered.
    I have a question for you or the community if anyone can help with some advise, I want manage the direction of a 2 phase 220v motor with and Arduino, the motor has been removed from a winch, what kind of driver should I be using.
    Many thanks

  • @chrisBruner
    @chrisBruner 5 лет назад +1

    I would be curious if putting capacitors across the motors would change the efficiency by smoothing out the pwm, so it becomes more DC then pulsing DC.

    • @andreafalconiero9089
      @andreafalconiero9089 4 года назад

      That seems like a good idea. Capacitors across the motors would damp both the peaks and the troughs on the supplied waveform, averaging out the voltage. It should reduce the reactive losses, but I'm not sure how this actually affects the torque delivered by the motor at low speeds. Do DC motors need those full-voltage pulses to maintain torque?

  • @duriezalable
    @duriezalable 2 года назад

    Superb Video, thank you so much. I like the fact that you’re working with an oscilloscope and the other equipment. I do have a question. Would motors or/and the HBridge Cytron would tolerate a change in direction at a rate of 100 ms for instance. I’m working on a self-balance robot and I’d like to know if it would be feasible with that kind of equipment. Once again, wow, great video and thanks. Ad