Mughal Arrogance Paved The Way For British Colonialism | Ep. 1 | Ilhan Niaz
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- Опубликовано: 19 авг 2024
- Ilhan Niaz discusses his 2019 book, The State During the British Raj: Imperial Governance in South Asia, 1700 to 1947, and examines the significant impact of British rule on the organization of states in South Asia. British governance led to the creation of modern states, fostering a liberal and democratic bias. Post-1947, India developed a stable constitutional democracy, while Pakistan faced an unstable oligarchy with alternating civilian and military regimes.
The book highlights several vulnerabilities in the Mughal Empire that facilitated British conquest: isolation from society, internal fragmentation, and lack of broader loyalty, including among the state elite. Technological shortcomings, particularly in printing and ocean navigation, further weakened the Mughals. Despite being aware of these technologies, they failed to adopt them.
Invasions, such as Nader Shah's devastating attack in 1739, exacerbated the decline of the Mughal Empire. Although the empire had economic advantages like a trade surplus and a unified currency, it did not undergo significant agrarian or industrial transformations. The Mughals' dynastic and personal authority-based ideologies were ill-prepared for the modern nation-state dynamics exemplified by the British, contributing to South Asia's pre-industrial state by the time of British rule.
#pakistanhistory #pakistan #Southasia #southasianhistory #history #MughalEmpire #BritishRaj #britishcolonialism #maritimepower #colonialism #Asia
Just like the Mughals didn't adopt the new technology of the printing press ,
In 1970s India , computers were banned in Indian Banks because it was feared that would lead to unemployment .
That made banking transactions very slow and also impeded the economic growth .
That changed after 1991 liberalisation and India is now the Fifth largest economy .
My forefathers were never under Mughal rule. We left Kashmir 1,000 years ago, moved to Southern India upon invitation of the Tamil Kings and then to Kerala 300 years ago by invitation from the Nair chiefs. Mughal history is unrelatable to me.
Excellent overview
This is very informatic, analytical, and unbiased. As an Egyptian, I wish all the disscution between both Pakistani and indians would be in this manner....
in this abstract analysis is a complete ignorance of aurangzebs rule and the marathas. at this point the intellectual chasm is far too vast. these people are have no respect for non Muslims and there is no point in us helping them any further
If Dara Shikoh would've ascended to the throne instead of Aurangzeb history might have been different.
I dont think it is the mughal arrogance but instead the people who became important for their proximity to the Mughal rulers. The mughals were from central asia however their subjects were still from local population whether they had taken up Islam or stuck to their ancient traditions they were still the same.
Infact the advent of Mughals into South Asia had caused the mughals to loose their central asian characteristics and become indianised, while that might appear a positive development politically and from the point of local people it was not destined to provide positive results for the Mughals themselves.
This phenomenon of central asian and caucasian people coming down to South Asia and ultimately loosing out has probably repeated since time immemorial.
From recorded history:
1. The indo europeans to the aryans to the aryanic people of south asia and possibly also the mongolian people.
2. The central asian kushans and hunas to the rajputs of south asia.
3. The persians
4. The turko mongolic Mughals.
5. The british.
In retrospect the british probably had acted wisely by leaving the place when they lost power. After all things are not turning out positive inside their own places from mass immigration from south either.
What about the rulers not feeling like they are part of the Indian culture and the rulers had no sympathy to the Hindu majority population. What about the sheikh and Maratha empire that defeated the Mughals
Not just arrogance. Mogul encounter with Thomas Roe exposed stupidity that had been the hallmark of their rule. Worse, there are parallels between the Mogul rule and the military and civilian rules of Pakistan. The word DUFFER sums it up. Englishmen loathed dealing with the primitive Moguls. Nice discussion and insightful observations.
example story?
Biased to the core.
Well one civilization/society which has more advanced Technology always defeats and colonises other which has lesser adhvance tech.
These advancement of Tech comes from Progress of Society itslef in terms of its values ethics and morality like egalitarianism status of women and rationality.
India faced numerous Invasion in ancient time from North west But all those who entered india couldn't won much more than some areas of North west that also temperorily. Those invaders got Mixed into indian population bcoz india. Society was more advanced in terms of Ethics and Tech than the invaders.
Indian society started to stagnate , rot started after fall of very Long reign of Gupta Empire in 600 AD . In same time Rome also fell . Both fell to the Huns of Central Asia. As rome declined so was the Trade of india. Exports decline and import of gold became zero. That led to DEURBANISATION of india . Cities declined as there was no trade or work left for craftsman artisans traders etc .
PPL run towards villages (happen during COVID too) . Ruralisation of india happened. Though the villages became self sufficient in India . With all this Caste system turned into Jaati system which became rigid , condition of women Declined already during Gupta era . Now every village had PPL of various jaatis to provide all the services inside the village itself. Mobility of PPL totally stopped.
After Gupta's There was No strong Empire emerged in North which could move india ahead. North India was fragmented politically.
This decline in societal values also led to stagnation of Technology for india.
During same time in Arab Moslems emerged under Mohammad who reformed the Arabian society according to values of those days. This was renaissance of Arab who passed this Islamic zeal to many tribes around them. Mongol and Turks were creating havoc in Central Asia also got this Islamic zeal .due to constant wars whole Central Asia moved quite ahead in war technology.
Finally invasions started in India and the stagnant rotten Indian civilization of 10th ce was defeated by over Zealous Turks Afghans and Mongols. Persia was also defeated and converted to islam . Though they ended this Arab colonisation unde safvids by evovling Shia islam which had all the Ancient Persian values and culture.
Finally under Mughals specially Akbar the great india started to develop new Composite culture . Hindus society which was totally backward due to its superstitions caste system was Forced to change by Mughals.
What did Mughals did wrong , well they also started to Look inwards kept fighting wars to expand and they never able to move beyong Deccan. NW always remain a thron for Mughals sometimes Afghans sometimes uzbeks kept raiding and attacking .
Massive amount of Treasury was lost to these wars . Indian population masses which were lower and OBC hindus always remain in threat of battles , religious opression both by Hindu upper caste zamindar and Moslem ruling nobles and zamindars. Basically during whole Mughal era Masses didn't achieved any Peace so that any progress can be made.
Mughaliya elite themsleves remained in forever Enjoyment of Massive Harams , sharab kebab etc other thing which they did was to extract taxes and fight wars.
But these Elites also built personal KARKHANAS which use to produce high quality stuff means for Ashrafiya class but also exported . It earned huge Gold for india. But where the gold went.
Well it ended up in the personal coffers I'd these Mughaliya elite.
Inequality in India must have been extreme, never found ever in history. As India was so Rich but masses were facing famines as Peter Mundy tells during construction of tajmahal.
So all this New Rot in the society introduced by Mughals led to decline of their tresury . We know How auragnzeb time number of mansabdars was Unbearable and taxes wasn't enuf to run the empire and be anyway kept fighting war.
Only thing he did was to gather worthless Ulemas and pay them lavishly to create fatwa e alamgiri , again a worhtless book 🙄. He spent huge sum there.
That's why after his fall Mughals instantly declined.
British didn't replaced Mughals but they replaced fragmented indian political scene where Marathas dominated . And Brits was far far ahead of india due to rennaissance in Europe.
Why hindus Started to dominate under Brits , well it wasn't hindus but the upper caste Hindus who served as small zamindar , scribe etc under Mughals. They realised their ancestoral mistake and with help of british and Missionaries started to reform hinduism. They adopted many Judeo Christian values into hinduism.
Gandhi was a Christian in Hindu image itself.
Today hindus after crossing a threshold of reforms will keep rising.
Indian Moslems lot of whose ancestors were lower caste Hindu and adopte islam for benifits will loose overall. Until reforms happen and Pakistan and Indian Moslems adopt values of rennaissance in Europe they will remain a stagnant society and nation
can you use better Mic or edit your sound better?
You will obviously have much more audience if you choose to speak Urdu.
Mugul were thrown out by marathas and Maharaja rabbit singh why u guys are always lies
Exactly , As if Mughals controlled whole of India EVER 😂😂😂😂