+Hunter Martin Royal Viking knows nothing about the universe... About the creation, life, and death of stars, or the simple laws of physics that govern our universe.
+Gedzzz actually everybody knows a little something, but Anton knows much more than other youtubers who play this game... he knows most physics... but the rest don't.
+Trollzuz Gaming , i mean he knows a lot of stuff, but like i know a lot of this stuff and i'm only in 8th grade. But yeah he does know more than most youtubers so you guys have a fair point. (edit: grammar error)
Gedzzz No he does not. lol I have taken Astonomy courses and aced them. I know a thing or two about the universe, light, gravity, the fundamental forces, and physics that you tubers that play this game do not.
+Anton Petrov (WhatDaMath) Well, Anton, it isn't necessarily too complex, its just that we don't know what anything will really look like because we can't predict how the tectonic plates will change. There's also a realitively large chance in several billion years something may smack into Earth or another terrestrial object and create a extreme catastrophe that may or may not eliminate all life on Earth. If you are reading this thank you for taking your time to read my comment! :)
I really appreciate this guy making Universe Sandbox gameplays that are actually informative and interesting, as opposed to the vast majority of Universe Sandbox gameplays being "LETS SEE HOW MANY THINGS WE CAN CRASH INTO THE EARTH LOL"
+John Doe He knows some stuff alright, but also makes some small mistakes. The crab nebula for example is not a planetary nebula at all, but the remnants of a supernova. Also, around 14:30, he talks about Mercury's and Venus' orbits and temperature after the sun has become a white dwarf. Well... since they are going to be obliterated during the red giant phase, there's no need to worry about that. Still, thumbs up to him for making an overall informative video about astronomy!
+Thesamurai1999 Although it may engulf earth but it may not, so it's equally likely that it'll engulf earth. It's more likely to engulf Mercury. It's more unlikely it'll engulf Mars. The sun is a high mass star, so it'll turn into neutron star. It'll be a red supergiant. Pluto wasn't formed the same time the solar system as formed. It was formed when another low mass star named Pluto died and then faded into a black dwarf. Pluto was one of the black dwarf and it came in the solar system a very few million years before the first dinosaurs appeared on earth. On Saturday 26th of August 2006, astronomers named Pluto a dwarf planet because it used to be a black dwarf that became a planet.
Masashi Ng May I ask where you got that information from? Our Sun is a yellow dwarf, and does not have the mass to beceom a neutrone star, but will become a white dwarf, after the red giant phase. www.universetoday.com/16350/what-kind-of-star-is-the-sun/ That about Pluto I have never heard about, and doubt it. www.space.com/23799-black-dwarfs.html
+AdamHH11 We have to be far away from our Solar system. Otherwise we will die because the sun will explode, we call it Supernova. if we do not move to another planet, then humanity will become extinct.
+The mighty Chairmander Adam DID say that hopefully,in a billion years(If we EVER get to 1B years but i dought that we would ever live that long.....)That the sun MIGHT Supernova.
I think in less than a billion years we would be dead, well everything and everyone would be dead because their is a theory where the universe will stop expanding and will snap back causing the Big Bang again.
Anton, I just want you to know that, alongside many other youtubers and writers, you have influenced me into the field of physics and chemistry. I always loved science, but videos like this just made me decide. Thank you *so* much, and keep doing this.
The water level would not actually rise significantly. The large glaciers you see collapsing in those dramatic videos are like ice cubes in a cup. The ice cube displaces a certain amount of water based on its mass. When it melts, the melted water will join with the water in the cup, but the cube will also get smaller, creating a mostly constant water level (not counting the expansion of water when it freezes).
+The Kind Gamers I get what you said, however i think what he meant by significantly is that it would affect numerous places where humans live, Every city that is near the sea will no longuer be habitable, From barcelona to Miami to Nice to New York, also most islands...
+SirusKing Fun fact for you; The Icecaps were the thickest they had been for the past 50 years in 2013. Also, If you didn't notice, over the past... 100 years or so, over 50% of the ice caps HAVE Melted. Water levels in coastal cities have not changed. How much surface area does the ocean have? How much 'ice' is there? Not enough to raise the ocean more than 0.9cm.
+IIIXAxthenXIII Icesheets melting are only one cause of increasing water temperatures, and I am not sure what you mean by "thickest they have been in 50 years" since they are still thinning by a considerable about (~10mm a year on average). The majority of the melting was in greenland, though. Current Ocean level projections give an increase in about 30cm in the next 100 years at our current CO2 production rate, and this is only counting thermal expansion, not melting icecaps. This rate will increase as time goes on due to us producing more and more CO2 and waters thermal expansion coefficient increasing with temperature. At high tide this is enough to flood much of Miami, for example. Countries like the netherlands would feel the effects much worse though as much of their land is already under sea level, so their yearly flooding would get a lot worse.
At least someone who does US2 videos understands basic astronomy, like the Sun burning hydrogen to produce light, and terms like Red Supergiants, and other stuff... definitely giving a thumbs up!
Looking into the future of our world is like trying to see how we die in a good 4 or 5 dozen years... it's so depressing... like... "I need a hug" kind of depressing. But it's also a breath of fresh air to come back to reality, and to our senses and be comforted with the reminder that this stuff will not happen for billions and billions of years, and more importantly, that humanity will have the technology to get away from these kinds of things and find safer, more habitable places to live... that, and new stars will be forming. But ultimately, the universe will die... everything will disappear... it's such a heavy weight to suddenly have in your chest to know these things... maybe by then we will have developed a type of "infinity machine" of sorts, where we can just make new stars from nothing, new worlds, new galaxies...
+Dave Strider (Future) or if we discovery that the multiverse is real, and find out somehow to travel through this, we would never die for those sad endings, but dont worry about this anymore, the problem isnt ours, we just need to prevent peace in the whole earth for now ;)
But after being so close to a red giant, how much atmosphere of Venus will be left? I would imagine most of it would have been blown away by the solar winds.
I think the elliptical orbit seen is caused by instantaneously changing the mass of the Sun. If the mass was lowered gradually over millions of years, the orbits should gradually increase in radius, but not change greatly in shape.
Hi Anton, I just discovered these older What da Math videos and I'm really enjoying them. I have a couple questions. First, do you still recommend this simulator? I have long loved space, but lack the maths to academically study so I'm relying on documentaries and RUclips and books for the layman. I found your channel earlier this year and have been loving it. Thank you so much! Since watching these Sanbox Universe videos, I want to try the simulator myself to learn more. But I want your input on it- do you still like it or is there another you'd recommend? 2nd question, and I'm sorry if it's a silly one. When rhe sun begins to swell as it reaches red giant stage, does that swelling have a push out effect on the planets; so rather than the inner planets remaining in their orbits until the sun absorbs them, could it's swelling actually have a pushing effect to push those inner planets out a bit? Or is its gravity too strong for that?
Mistake: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are gas planets. They don't have a surface. I mean no offence but I am just correcting. Otherwise good job.
+Anton Petrov (WhatDaMath) Or to be specific, solid core. We haven't discovered if they actually have a surface that we can get to without being crushed by the gravity and pressures.
Very interesting simulation, but, I don't think Mercurius and Venus will survive the Red Giant stage of our sun and become relatively cooler planets during the White Dwarf stage of our sun, as mentioned starting from the 14:38 minute. But anyway, great work and very educational. Thank you.
In case you didn't know the netherlands is quite some meters below sealevel. Some of the biggest cities (den haag, amsterdam and rotterdam, in north and south holland) are about 5 to 6 meters below sealevel and the whole province flevoland is also 6 meters below sealevel. We will have a lot of problems...
JasukaGaming Hd Yeah but most of it will remain as it is... It is a disaster if all of those major cities will be flooded. Rotterdam, amsterdam and den haag are pretty major too. Especially rotterdam and amsterdam. Rotterdam has nearly (if not) the biggest seaport of the world and is like the seaport of europe. Amsterdam is a big city (not as big as new york but still) and it has a big and important history.
Finally a person who can properly play this game! Your hypotheses are incredibly fun to listen to and to watch it in this simulator (minus a few things like the Sun's Nova) is really cool. Did you not think about the way tectonics and human technological advancements would have changed in the future of earth or did you not mention them purely because this software does not simulate them?
I was playing around with this late last week and aging the sun and it still doesn't model solar evolution right, like the sun will pretty much stay close to it's current size in the game only thing that increases is the temperature it outputs. It doesn't get past the orbit of mercury even. I'll watch your video I assume you hit on this unless there was a patch that addressed this the past few days.
Ok, a few constructive criticisms: Atmospheric / climate dynamics will most probably lead the oceans to evaporate within the next 2 billion years or so, via a runaway greenhouse effect, which happened on venus. So there will only be complex life on earth will seize to exist within the next 1 bn years (at which point the warming will have been enough to destabilise the climate). Which is a long time actually. Similar if not longer of the time between the cambrian explosion and today (in other words, complex life is now near the middle of its expected lifetime) Also, a sudden stepwise change in the Sun's mass as it becomes a planetary nebula is not in any way credible. The material will expand in an envelope (which may be spherically symmetric) and interactions with this material during the transitions will have an effect. Also, during the expansion (up to the planetary nebula stage) there will be subtle interactions between the rather temperamental solar atmosphere and the inner planets (well, Earth and Mars, the other two are pretty much doomed) which will affect the resulting orbital geometry. So I would take the results of this toy model with a huge pinch of salt. Oh, and the Crab nebula is a supernova remnant / pulsar wind nebula, not a planetary nebula. Multiple (famous and correct) examples of the latter exist: the ring nebula, the cat's eye nebula and the helix nebula.
Not sure if anyone below has stated this, I did do a quick scan, but our Sun would not produce something like the crab nebula. When our Sun becomes a White Dwarf and sheds its outer layers it will produce a planetary nebula (I believe you stated this).However, the Crab nebula is a Supernova Remnant nebula, not a planetary nebula. The Ring Nebula would be a better example of what would occur. This being stated I love the simulation, plus others you have done.
That problem with program. Some of the information not that correct. I have this game. I launch Mars at an black hole. And it threw it out. Sometimes black holes do sling shot planets out. It was the same every planet I launch at it.
Venus won't exist when the Sun is a white dwarf. During the Helium fusion Red giant phase, the radius of the Sun will expand into Earth's orbit. Mars will also cool down by then, too, making it only breifly habitable when the sun warms up, but isn't big enough to destory Mercury, Venus, and Earth yet. O course, we can jsut colonise it and terraform it to get a bit more out of it before we bail out of the solar system.
+EmeraldGamesHD I usually ignore these things, but I just want to point out that we cannot prove either theory, a lot of people have claimed that they have gone to Heaven after death while others claim they just saw a light or relaxing, peaceful darkness. Side note, some scientists, including atheist scientists have started to consider or even sometimes accept the idea (Although accepting it is going just a bit too far) that there is some type of creator. I don't really know how to explain why, but if you want to look into you can look at articles or videos, maybe you can start with the 5 part series Does God Exist? Many Absolute Proofs! on RUclips (just ignore all the times the guy starts talking about how people are fools for not believing in God).
According to your faith , let it be done to you ....you don’t believe therefore you don’t see ,hear ,feel ,taste ,smell ex.. ex... ,all the senses ;the lord..so it will be indeed nothing for you when your body passes on
About 4.6 bya, there was a nearby high mass star that has exploded and the supernova spewed out more than a lightyear, so the solar system was being formed.
question, i started a new simulation with earth orbiting jupiter with a very small orbit. However, apparently earth maintains a constant 15 degrees celsius or around there. Is this a fluke? if not, what sort of physics is going on?
its 11,221 m years, tested and 11,220 m years its not a remnant, but at 11,221 it became a remnant, further testing, it goes remnant at between 11,220,184,543 - 11,220,184,545 years, if you paused it right when u loaded the map and changed the age on the sun to 11,220,184,543 then it should go remnant at between 2014-1-08 to 2014-1-09
What if you skip the time in Universe Sandbox ? For example if the time in the little box in the bottom-left is 2018 - you make it 6000002018 ? Will that work ? plz anser :\ xD
Supergiant grows and expells elements before returning to normal under gravity. It grows several times releasing different elements in space. Until its core collapses under gravity going supernova
I got here by looking for the "Diablo Butcher Cutscene", totally worth it, always love to learn about space, what is the simulation you are using? I want to know if there is someway I could find it and try it out, or similar simulation. Never mind I just found the link for it. Sweeeeeet! :D
Nice astronomy, but can u make a vid showing how to color planets? its hard for me and some other ppl i know, why dont you make your own planets too?? Just suggestions
Due to solar wind isn't the sun slowly losing mass? And wouldn't that reduce gravity just a little bit so earth goes farther out? Or is it so insignificant that it is a non-factor.
Crab nebula is the remains of a supernova, which has nothing to do with the future of our sun. While our sun will end up as a white dwarf, Crab nebula has a pulsar in its center
I would like if you could explain what happens to Jupiter when you change the content from hydrogen to water and you increase the mass to 998 Jupiter . put it on realistic.
the crab nebula is actually a supernova remnant, not a planetary nebula (a good example of a planetary nebula is the ring nebula). But anyways, great vid, and I understand when people make mistakes like that, it's fine
Finally, glad that you understand astronomy. Not completely accurate, but I shouldn't complain. (The earths life would die in only 0.8 billion years, not like 3 billion. ) but it's fine
Pluto used to be a high mass star. When Pluto expanded into a red supergiant, it spewed out stellar nursery that formed the solar system. However, Pluto became a neutron star. After the neutron star, Pluto died, Pluto became a low mass star. Then when the low mass star Pluto died, it turned into a black dwarf. Then Pluto flew closer to the solar system. Then Pluto was being caught by the sun's gravity.
You comment (around 13:20) about the planet orbits "suddenly" becoming more elliptical because the Sun loses half its mass, but isn't this suddenness because you added a billion years to the Sun's life, and halved its size, in an instant? In real time, won't the changes happen so gradually that the planet orbits will adjust more smoothly?
+pi314159 Aye, the change will be less drastic, but they will still be present, probably more circular, but further out, and thus more... unpredictable.
This simulation does not take account for the fact that increasing rate of ocean evaporation accelerates greenhouse effect through positive feedback. Even now at 15 degrees celsius average surface temperature, water vapor accounts for over 95% of overall greenhouse effect. For example, Earth's average surface temperature after 1 billion year would not be at 25~26 degrees, but it would be around 47 degrees. After that point, runaway greenhouse effect would ensue, and Earth would quickly become a greenhouse planet like Venus with surface temperature of several hundred degrees. "One billion years from now, about 27% of the modern ocean will have been subducted into the mantle. If this process were allowed to continue uninterrupted, it would reach an equilibrium state where 65% of the current surface reservoir would remain at the surface.[50] Once the solar luminosity is 10% higher than its current value, the average global surface temperature will rise to 320 K (47 °C; 116 °F). The atmosphere will become a "moist greenhouse" leading to a runaway evaporation of the oceans.[84][85] At this point, models of the Earth's future environment demonstrate that the stratosphere would contain increasing levels of water. These water molecules will be broken down through photodissociation by solar ultraviolet radiation, allowing hydrogen to escape the atmosphere. The net result would be a loss of the world's sea water by about 1.1 billion years from the present.[86][87] This will be a simple dramatic step in annihilating all life on Earth."
The earths oceans will evaporate when the average surfacetemperature reaches about 50 Celsius. Then will there not be enough rainfall to restore the ecosystem since the atmosphere is to hot for the water to condensate making rainfall. sceintests is discussing when this will happen, and is saying somewhere between 1.8-2,5 billion years in the future, and that earth will probably look somewhat like Venus by then, with a heavy atmosphere.
Crab Nebula is a supernova remnant seen in 1056. It's not a planetary nebula. The star that created the Crab Nebula was at least 8 time the mass of the sun... not sure exactly what it was actually thought to be, but just saying. c:
I thought the sun was too small to go nova? please enlighten me on the different types of nova that different type stars can experience including our star, thanks
Actually it will be a red giant because it’s part of the main sequence stars...it would have to have more mass in order to become a supergiant...if it became a supergiant, it would become a neutron star and then a black hole, if it becomes a red giant, it’ll just go supernova, and then become a white dwarf...and the sun would have no hydrogen left, not no helium.....
So basically what you’re saying is that the sun will be a red giant and it will have the earth lose its water and then change it shape into a white dwarf
When the sun goes white dwarf the best way is to stay at the equator because I just did the simulation right now it's winter would go to a average planetary temperature of -100 c while during the summer there is liquid water at the equator so earth will survive :) lots of migration though
+OVS Gaming Perhaps a large (as in, extremely large) water storage system, where it gathers water in the "winter" in massive quantities, and humans use fast growing crops to producs large quantities of food, then use hydroponics to produce food underground, and in "summer" they stay underground with, perhaps, vehicles patrolling the surface gathering data, and sending messages.
Would be very interesting to see what it would be like if the sun was replaced with a black hole of the same mass, orbits would remain the same I believe but what would it look like
this video is pretty cool but at around 5 minutes your saying earth is becoming too hot to live on but we would evolve in those several billion years not only to withstand higher temperatures, but also in billions of years, assuming extinction/aliens kill us all, we will have colonized other planets, such as mars, and maybe other solar systems.
Finally someone with some knowledge of astronomy using this simulator on youtube.
+Hunter Martin Royal Viking knows nothing about the universe... About the creation, life, and death of stars, or the simple laws of physics that govern our universe.
+xamir1113x He does.
+Gedzzz actually everybody knows a little something, but Anton knows much more than other youtubers who play this game... he knows most physics... but the rest don't.
+Trollzuz Gaming , i mean he knows a lot of stuff, but like i know a lot of this stuff and i'm only in 8th grade. But yeah he does know more than most youtubers so you guys have a fair point. (edit: grammar error)
Gedzzz No he does not. lol I have taken Astonomy courses and aced them. I know a thing or two about the universe, light, gravity, the fundamental forces, and physics that you tubers that play this game do not.
This simulation is amazing, but I was really sad to see that there was no change in the continents due to continental drift.
+Mary'sponyartandmusic that would be great to have one day, but it may be too complex to simulate
+Anton Petrov (WhatDaMath) I don't think it's too complex, it maybe, but I don't think so.
+Anton Petrov (WhatDaMath) Well, Anton, it isn't necessarily too complex, its just that we don't know what anything will really look like because we can't predict how the tectonic plates will change. There's also a realitively large chance in several billion years something may smack into Earth or another terrestrial object and create a extreme catastrophe that may or may not eliminate all life on Earth. If you are reading this thank you for taking your time to read my comment! :)
+Derp Derpington You don't make games!
+Mary'sponyartandmusic The game is still new they are working on all sorts of things :) just imagine how detailed this could be someday.
I really appreciate this guy making Universe Sandbox gameplays that are actually informative and interesting, as opposed to the vast majority of Universe Sandbox gameplays being "LETS SEE HOW MANY THINGS WE CAN CRASH INTO THE EARTH LOL"
Lmao.
They are both good to watch 8)
This is based off OT life in space I MISS YOU SUNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN (the is dumb)NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
I mean grey does answer the real questions
OMG people are doing things they enjoy! this is horrible!
Our Sun, will *never* become a "Red Supergiant", but a "Red Giant".
That is correct.
That is true
+John Doe He knows some stuff alright, but also makes some small mistakes. The crab nebula for example is not a planetary nebula at all, but the remnants of a supernova. Also, around 14:30, he talks about Mercury's and Venus' orbits and temperature after the sun has become a white dwarf. Well... since they are going to be obliterated during the red giant phase, there's no need to worry about that.
Still, thumbs up to him for making an overall informative video about astronomy!
+Thesamurai1999 Although it may engulf earth but it may not, so it's equally likely that it'll engulf earth. It's more likely to engulf Mercury. It's more unlikely it'll engulf Mars. The sun is a high mass star, so it'll turn into neutron star. It'll be a red supergiant. Pluto wasn't formed the same time the solar system as formed. It was formed when another low mass star named Pluto died and then faded into a black dwarf. Pluto was one of the black dwarf and it came in the solar system a very few million years before the first dinosaurs appeared on earth. On Saturday 26th of August 2006, astronomers named Pluto a dwarf planet because it used to be a black dwarf that became a planet.
Masashi Ng May I ask where you got that information from? Our Sun is a yellow dwarf, and does not have the mass to beceom a neutrone star, but will become a white dwarf, after the red giant phase. www.universetoday.com/16350/what-kind-of-star-is-the-sun/
That about Pluto I have never heard about, and doubt it. www.space.com/23799-black-dwarfs.html
I would hope in a billion years, assuming we're still alive, that we'd get off our lazy asses and explore space already!
+AdamHH11 We have to be far away from our Solar system. Otherwise we will die because the sun will explode, we call it Supernova. if we do not move to another planet, then humanity will become extinct.
Sun cant supernova its not big enough did u even watch the video
+The mighty Chairmander Adam DID say that hopefully,in a billion years(If we EVER get to 1B years but i dought that we would ever live that long.....)That the sun MIGHT Supernova.
I think in less than a billion years we would be dead, well everything and everyone would be dead because their is a theory where the universe will stop expanding and will snap back causing the Big Bang again.
Aka the "Big Crunch",But do we have proof we just came from matter? i mean didnt someone have to create that matter and anti-matter?
Anton, I just want you to know that, alongside many other youtubers and writers, you have influenced me into the field of physics and chemistry. I always loved science, but videos like this just made me decide. Thank you *so* much, and keep doing this.
The water level would not actually rise significantly. The large glaciers you see collapsing in those dramatic videos are like ice cubes in a cup. The ice cube displaces a certain amount of water based on its mass. When it melts, the melted water will join with the water in the cup, but the cube will also get smaller, creating a mostly constant water level (not counting the expansion of water when it freezes).
+The Kind Gamers my brain just died
+The Kind Gamers I get what you said, however i think what he meant by significantly is that it would affect numerous places where humans live, Every city that is near the sea will no longuer be habitable, From barcelona to Miami to Nice to New York, also most islands...
+The Kind Gamers Many cities are barely a few metres above sea level, a small change is drastic, especially from high-tide.
+SirusKing Fun fact for you; The Icecaps were the thickest they had been for the past 50 years in 2013.
Also, If you didn't notice, over the past... 100 years or so, over 50% of the ice caps HAVE Melted. Water levels in coastal cities have not changed.
How much surface area does the ocean have?
How much 'ice' is there?
Not enough to raise the ocean more than 0.9cm.
+IIIXAxthenXIII Icesheets melting are only one cause of increasing water temperatures, and I am not sure what you mean by "thickest they have been in 50 years" since they are still thinning by a considerable about (~10mm a year on average). The majority of the melting was in greenland, though.
Current Ocean level projections give an increase in about 30cm in the next 100 years at our current CO2 production rate, and this is only counting thermal expansion, not melting icecaps. This rate will increase as time goes on due to us producing more and more CO2 and waters thermal expansion coefficient increasing with temperature. At high tide this is enough to flood much of Miami, for example. Countries like the netherlands would feel the effects much worse though as much of their land is already under sea level, so their yearly flooding would get a lot worse.
At least someone who does US2 videos understands basic astronomy, like the Sun burning hydrogen to produce light, and terms like Red Supergiants, and other stuff... definitely giving a thumbs up!
Your voice's amazing and relaxing man :)
This is strangely calming.
Looking into the future of our world is like trying to see how we die in a good 4 or 5 dozen years... it's so depressing... like... "I need a hug" kind of depressing. But it's also a breath of fresh air to come back to reality, and to our senses and be comforted with the reminder that this stuff will not happen for billions and billions of years, and more importantly, that humanity will have the technology to get away from these kinds of things and find safer, more habitable places to live... that, and new stars will be forming. But ultimately, the universe will die... everything will disappear... it's such a heavy weight to suddenly have in your chest to know these things... maybe by then we will have developed a type of "infinity machine" of sorts, where we can just make new stars from nothing, new worlds, new galaxies...
+Dave Strider (Future) or if we discovery that the multiverse is real, and find out somehow to travel through this, we would never die for those sad endings, but dont worry about this anymore, the problem isnt ours, we just need to prevent peace in the whole earth for now ;)
What if the world isnt real.
Regarding something from nothing, in theory, vacuum energy.
o no, humanity won't
But after being so close to a red giant, how much atmosphere of Venus will be left? I would imagine most of it would have been blown away by the solar winds.
Huh? SUN is evolving!
Congratulations! Your SUN evolved into WHITE DWARF!
Is a pokemon games reference *XD*
Stfu weebshit
I think the elliptical orbit seen is caused by instantaneously changing the mass of the Sun. If the mass was lowered gradually over millions of years, the orbits should gradually increase in radius, but not change greatly in shape.
Wow, I'm your 1,000th like bro!
Hi Anton, I just discovered these older What da Math videos and I'm really enjoying them.
I have a couple questions. First, do you still recommend this simulator? I have long loved space, but lack the maths to academically study so I'm relying on documentaries and RUclips and books for the layman. I found your channel earlier this year and have been loving it. Thank you so much! Since watching these Sanbox Universe videos, I want to try the simulator myself to learn more. But I want your input on it- do you still like it or is there another you'd recommend?
2nd question, and I'm sorry if it's a silly one. When rhe sun begins to swell as it reaches red giant stage, does that swelling have a push out effect on the planets; so rather than the inner planets remaining in their orbits until the sun absorbs them, could it's swelling actually have a pushing effect to push those inner planets out a bit? Or is its gravity too strong for that?
Mistake: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are gas planets. They don't have a surface. I mean no offence but I am just correcting.
Otherwise good job.
they have a surface underneath all the gas.
+Anton Petrov (WhatDaMath) Or to be specific, solid core. We haven't discovered if they actually have a surface that we can get to without being crushed by the gravity and pressures.
+Anton Petrov (WhatDaMath) Really? I didn't know that thank you for telling me.
+Anton Petrov (WhatDaMath) I also want to say I like that you use this for knowledge other than some people (no offence to them).
+Rabi Khan Well maybe in the future we can build on gas planets using air lock stuff and floating houses,etc
Very interesting simulation, but, I don't think Mercurius and Venus will survive the Red Giant stage of our sun and become relatively cooler planets during the White Dwarf stage of our sun, as mentioned starting from the 14:38 minute. But anyway, great work and very educational. Thank you.
4:33 rip netherlands...
In case you didn't know the netherlands is quite some meters below sealevel. Some of the biggest cities (den haag, amsterdam and rotterdam, in north and south holland) are about 5 to 6 meters below sealevel and the whole province flevoland is also 6 meters below sealevel. We will have a lot of problems...
+Quenten Schoonderwoerd AND SWEDEN Usa Finland norway China mexico Brazil and denmark Ur country isnt alone on this
JasukaGaming Hd More than half of it? And does it have a big coast?
well usa will lose new york Boston Washington so yea those are pretty major citys u know
JasukaGaming Hd Yeah but most of it will remain as it is... It is a disaster if all of those major cities will be flooded. Rotterdam, amsterdam and den haag are pretty major too. Especially rotterdam and amsterdam. Rotterdam has nearly (if not) the biggest seaport of the world and is like the seaport of europe. Amsterdam is a big city (not as big as new york but still) and it has a big and important history.
Finally a person who can properly play this game! Your hypotheses are incredibly fun to listen to and to watch it in this simulator (minus a few things like the Sun's Nova) is really cool.
Did you not think about the way tectonics and human technological advancements would have changed in the future of earth or did you not mention them purely because this software does not simulate them?
What would happen to a neutron star that gets as old as a black dwarf
It would likely collapse on itself overtime like most dense and high in mass things do.
+PancakeZ
Nah...
It would still be like a neutron star.. just cooler and a lower magnetic field..
or that
It would dissipate slowly until there's nth left
''But let's not rush things" *increases by 1 billion years*
Its not a "Red Super Giant" Its a "Red Giant" im sorry if i offended you
+Miko Grave Red supergiant is MUCH bigger than red giant
I was playing around with this late last week and aging the sun and it still doesn't model solar evolution right, like the sun will pretty much stay close to it's current size in the game only thing that increases is the temperature it outputs. It doesn't get past the orbit of mercury even. I'll watch your video I assume you hit on this unless there was a patch that addressed this the past few days.
We are talking about billions of years... We would get used to the heat, wouldn't ve?
Got to that part, nevermind :D
By the way, we would be so op,, that we could protect our home planet with technology
+McTrew gaming We can't stop it. We will have to move to another planet (By that time, I'm sure we can travel at the speed of light.)
+Anthony Likes Pie If it's possible, which it probably isn't.
+Cameron McAllister people used to think that traveling faster then the speed of sound was impossible
You can't simulate nova events? Then what program were you using when you stimulated the super nova effecting earth?
Guys don't worry because we die of age at 100
laylay 0402 Tell that to Abraham. He lived over 400 years.
IanJr no he didnt
ProspeQt oh my bad. I miscounted lol
Depends actually, there are people who've died about 20-30 years after being 100 years of age.
laylay 0402 to me 120 years
Great video, this was suggested by me and other people in the group on facebook :D
Where are you from anton
viktor_toshev101 / Yica agar he's from Canada
Tragiic x SnipZ Ohhh thanks
I think with Russian roots no?
Just brought Universe Sandbox 2 :D
He's a teacher at my school lol
yea
Pøny really?
he is lmao
Pøny yea sure
he teaches programming and computer science.. he's my club teacher I'm not kidding. i can link you to my school website if you'd like
Ok, a few constructive criticisms:
Atmospheric / climate dynamics will most probably lead the oceans to evaporate within the next 2 billion years or so, via a runaway greenhouse effect, which happened on venus. So there will only be complex life on earth will seize to exist within the next 1 bn years (at which point the warming will have been enough to destabilise the climate).
Which is a long time actually. Similar if not longer of the time between the cambrian explosion and today (in other words, complex life is now near the middle of its expected lifetime)
Also, a sudden stepwise change in the Sun's mass as it becomes a planetary nebula is not in any way credible. The material will expand in an envelope (which may be spherically symmetric) and interactions with this material during the transitions will have an effect.
Also, during the expansion (up to the planetary nebula stage) there will be subtle interactions between the rather temperamental solar atmosphere and the inner planets (well, Earth and Mars, the other two are pretty much doomed) which will affect the resulting orbital geometry.
So I would take the results of this toy model with a huge pinch of salt.
Oh, and the Crab nebula is a supernova remnant / pulsar wind nebula, not a planetary nebula. Multiple (famous and correct) examples of the latter exist: the ring nebula, the cat's eye nebula and the helix nebula.
I would like to see Asteroid to black dwarf
+PVPHorse ShallRise I'll try it in the new version
+Anton Petrov (WhatDaMath) what up
Anton Petrov Koolio
+Hunter Martin fuck u
+PVPHorse ShallRise is that a joke?
All we need to keep Earth cool is send a few billion pairs of sunglasses into a solar synchronous orbit.
Comic sans warning
Not sure if anyone below has stated this, I did do a quick scan, but our Sun would not produce something like the crab nebula. When our Sun becomes a White Dwarf and sheds its outer layers it will produce a planetary nebula (I believe you stated this).However, the Crab nebula is a Supernova Remnant nebula, not a planetary nebula. The Ring Nebula would be a better example of what would occur.
This being stated I love the simulation, plus others you have done.
That problem with program. Some of the information not that correct. I have this game. I launch Mars at an black hole. And it threw it out. Sometimes black holes do sling shot planets out. It was the same every planet I launch at it.
"Earth is hot"
Earth:IM SO HAWT AND I KNOW IT!
Venus:I'm hotter *puts on deal with it glasses*
Mars: *becomes earthlike* YAY!!!!!!
Then Mars Is Hot :D
* AmirDeGamer7 TDS* True true not Saturn distance beyond Pluto
*AmirDeGamer7 TDS* Lol
*AmirDeGamer7 TDS* I mean the habitable zone should be beyond Neptune not at Saturn
8:30 Earth's going to lose it's water MUCH sooner, like only 1-2 Billion years from now.
Humans probably would be able to live on Venus during the White Dwarf phase.
Cesare Vesdani if it was there
Cesare Vesdani you can't live on venas anyway
No, you would still be crushed by the 90 atmospheres of pressure on Venus.
Venus won't exist when the Sun is a white dwarf. During the Helium fusion Red giant phase, the radius of the Sun will expand into Earth's orbit. Mars will also cool down by then, too, making it only breifly habitable when the sun warms up, but isn't big enough to destory Mercury, Venus, and Earth yet. O course, we can jsut colonise it and terraform it to get a bit more out of it before we bail out of the solar system.
Matthew Smurthwaite Travel Videos extremely* kid
Correct me if i'm wrong but how can the water boil away? The water cycle will keep the water levels the same, won't it?
+SourPatchGamer X3 Since the atmospheres temperature would rise then condensation would not occur.
Plus the solar winds would strip earth atmosphere away as the sun grew
😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭 at least I'll be in heaven in heaven
Lol!
-note im a athiest so ignore everything i say. heaven in not a thing its just lights out
+EmeraldGamesHD I usually ignore these things, but I just want to point out that we cannot prove either theory, a lot of people have claimed that they have gone to Heaven after death while others claim they just saw a light or relaxing, peaceful darkness. Side note, some scientists, including atheist scientists have started to consider or even sometimes accept the idea (Although accepting it is going just a bit too far) that there is some type of creator. I don't really know how to explain why, but if you want to look into you can look at articles or videos, maybe you can start with the 5 part series Does God Exist? Many Absolute Proofs! on RUclips (just ignore all the times the guy starts talking about how people are fools for not believing in God).
According to your faith , let it be done to you ....you don’t believe therefore you don’t see ,hear ,feel ,taste ,smell ex.. ex... ,all the senses ;the lord..so it will be indeed nothing for you when your body passes on
Anton: Few billion years
Elon: Let me speed the things a little bit
When Venus gets swallowed by Red Giant Sun, would it survive within it? or even the explosion?
Even if it does, wouldnt it just loose its atmosphere?
Lord Sesshoumaru venus would be vaporized into a gas so its part of the sun now :p
About 4.6 bya, there was a nearby high mass star that has exploded and the supernova spewed out more than a lightyear, so the solar system was being formed.
question, i started a new simulation with earth orbiting jupiter with a very small orbit. However, apparently earth maintains a constant 15 degrees celsius or around there. Is this a fluke? if not, what sort of physics is going on?
Earth would be destroyed under jupiters gravity.
its 11,221 m years, tested and 11,220 m years its not a remnant, but at 11,221 it became a remnant, further testing, it goes remnant at between 11,220,184,543 - 11,220,184,545 years, if you paused it right when u loaded the map and changed the age on the sun to 11,220,184,543 then it should go remnant at between 2014-1-08 to 2014-1-09
What if you skip the time in Universe Sandbox ? For example if the time in the little box in the bottom-left is 2018 - you make it 6000002018 ? Will that work ? plz anser :\ xD
are there random variables in the game to allow a more realistic evolution?
very interesting and i just subbed you :) i love science and astronomy in general.
Supergiant grows and expells elements before returning to normal under gravity. It grows several times releasing different elements in space. Until its core collapses under gravity going supernova
Just a question, but what would happen if a star got cold enough to the point of a surface? Would you be able to make it a planet?
+InsanityGaming, The Most Insane gaming! Kind of impossible since a star undergoes fusion and creates loads of energy.
awesome! Had to subscribe
I got here by looking for the "Diablo Butcher Cutscene", totally worth it, always love to learn about space, what is the simulation you are using? I want to know if there is someway I could find it and try it out, or similar simulation. Never mind I just found the link for it. Sweeeeeet! :D
Nice astronomy, but can u make a vid showing how to color planets? its hard for me and some other ppl i know, why dont you make your own planets too?? Just suggestions
Anton,
great video. Just a little correction:
the crab nebula is not a planetary nebula, it's a supernova remnant
what is the name of this game
What do you mean when you say the black dwarf will eventually evaporate? Does it's gravity not hold it together?
It can't hold together forever as it gradually loses mass over time because it still burns even though its a black dwarf. Hope this helps :)
Due to solar wind isn't the sun slowly losing mass? And wouldn't that reduce gravity just a little bit so earth goes farther out? Or is it so insignificant that it is a non-factor.
The Flying Spaghetti Monster will save us all
Crab nebula is the remains of a supernova, which has nothing to do with the future of our sun. While our sun will end up as a white dwarf, Crab nebula has a pulsar in its center
I would like if you could explain what happens to Jupiter when you change the content from hydrogen to water and you increase the mass to 998 Jupiter . put it on realistic.
the crab nebula is actually a supernova remnant, not a planetary nebula (a good example of a planetary nebula is the ring nebula). But anyways, great vid, and I understand when people make mistakes like that, it's fine
+yeahminecraft16 oops you're right, thank you
3:50 What about the fact that ice is larger then its melted counterpart, Shouldn't it by that logic actually lower water levels?
Finally, glad that you understand astronomy. Not completely accurate, but I shouldn't complain.
(The earths life would die in only 0.8 billion years, not like 3 billion. ) but it's fine
As usual, we are not assuming human interference. We might have done something radical by now.
Next: Terraform titan using red giant sun
Interesting video. Thumps up from here!
Pluto used to be a high mass star. When Pluto expanded into a red supergiant, it spewed out stellar nursery that formed the solar system. However, Pluto became a neutron star. After the neutron star, Pluto died, Pluto became a low mass star. Then when the low mass star Pluto died, it turned into a black dwarf. Then Pluto flew closer to the solar system. Then Pluto was being caught by the sun's gravity.
H->He->C->O->Ne->Si->Fe (the fusion chain of our star)
That's the life cycle for a star that is much more massive than our sun.
Our star's life cycle is something like;
H>He>C
-TheCrasher- XD
-TheCrasher- XD
Very informative videos, Thankyou!
You comment (around 13:20) about the planet orbits "suddenly" becoming more elliptical because the Sun loses half its mass, but isn't this suddenness because you added a billion years to the Sun's life, and halved its size, in an instant?
In real time, won't the changes happen so gradually that the planet orbits will adjust more smoothly?
+pi314159 Aye, the change will be less drastic, but they will still be present, probably more circular, but further out, and thus more... unpredictable.
Love that you touch on the possibility of immigrating to Mars.
Planets : stop singing
Sun :remeber that star from -6000000 yres ago
Jupiter ya
Sun: blows up
Us: Aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
This simulation does not take account for the fact that increasing rate of ocean evaporation accelerates greenhouse effect through positive feedback. Even now at 15 degrees celsius average surface temperature, water vapor accounts for over 95% of overall greenhouse effect.
For example, Earth's average surface temperature after 1 billion year would not be at 25~26 degrees, but it would be around 47 degrees. After that point, runaway greenhouse effect would ensue, and Earth would quickly become a greenhouse planet like Venus with surface temperature of several hundred degrees.
"One billion years from now, about 27% of the modern ocean will have been subducted into the mantle. If this process were allowed to continue uninterrupted, it would reach an equilibrium state where 65% of the current surface reservoir would remain at the surface.[50] Once the solar luminosity is 10% higher than its current value, the average global surface temperature will rise to 320 K (47 °C; 116 °F). The atmosphere will become a "moist greenhouse" leading to a runaway evaporation of the oceans.[84][85] At this point, models of the Earth's future environment demonstrate that the stratosphere would contain increasing levels of water. These water molecules will be broken down through photodissociation by solar ultraviolet radiation, allowing hydrogen to escape the atmosphere. The net result would be a loss of the world's sea water by about 1.1 billion years from the present.[86][87] This will be a simple dramatic step in annihilating all life on Earth."
5:55 Venus is already a firey hell but the clouds cover it. At that point, due to the heat, the clouds vanish and we get to see the actual surface
The earths oceans will evaporate when the average surfacetemperature reaches about 50 Celsius. Then will there not be enough rainfall to restore the ecosystem since the atmosphere is to hot for the water to condensate making rainfall. sceintests is discussing when this will happen, and is saying somewhere between 1.8-2,5 billion years in the future, and that earth will probably look somewhat like Venus by then, with a heavy atmosphere.
Crab Nebula is a supernova remnant seen in 1056. It's not a planetary nebula. The star that created the Crab Nebula was at least 8 time the mass of the sun... not sure exactly what it was actually thought to be, but just saying. c:
I thought the sun was too small to go nova? please enlighten me on the different types of nova that different type stars can experience including our star, thanks
Actually it will be a red giant because it’s part of the main sequence stars...it would have to have more mass in order to become a supergiant...if it became a supergiant, it would become a neutron star and then a black hole, if it becomes a red giant, it’ll just go supernova, and then become a white dwarf...and the sun would have no hydrogen left, not no helium.....
Great video :)
if Mercury and Venus were consumed in the red giant stage, their orbit in white giant stage is irrelevant. Otherwise, great video! 👍
This is a good representation of the butterfly effect, such a tiny change in the suns size, caused a huge impact in the earths temperature
the change is hardly tiny.
So basically what you’re saying is that the sun will be a red giant and it will have the earth lose
its water and then change it shape into a white dwarf
Does it actually turn into a black dwarf in the game? All I got was a white one.
Anton, after the sun becomes a white dwarf, the earth will NOT become colder, instead it will become much HOTTER due to the luminosity of the sun
When the sun goes white dwarf the best way is to stay at the equator because I just did the simulation right now it's winter would go to a average planetary temperature of -100 c while during the summer there is liquid water at the equator so earth will survive :) lots of migration though
+OVS Gaming Perhaps a large (as in, extremely large) water storage system, where it gathers water in the "winter" in massive quantities, and humans use fast growing crops to producs large quantities of food, then use hydroponics to produce food underground, and in "summer" they stay underground with, perhaps, vehicles patrolling the surface gathering data, and sending messages.
Would be very interesting to see what it would be like if the sun was replaced with a black hole of the same mass, orbits would remain the same I believe but what would it look like
When Earth is frozen like that, it'll be a new Ice Age.
I know this video is pretty old but this proves of the how cars and chemicals is not the reason why our planet is getting warmer its our son.
so its like a blanket. the thinner blankets don't keep warmth. the thicker keeps warmth.
you might be able to use a website to make your own animations of this stuff
8:13 Australia is just getting a tan
In another words ... We've got 4.5 billion years to find another star. Thats not much time considering all the odds.
the problem with mars as a habital planet is not it's tempreture, it's mainly the radiation from the sun
And Little Amounts Of Water
Make a video about the sun's geographic location in the solar system, how it moves and where's it's heading
this video is pretty cool but at around 5 minutes your saying earth is becoming too hot to live on but we would evolve in those several billion years not only to withstand higher temperatures, but also in billions of years, assuming extinction/aliens kill us all, we will have colonized other planets, such as mars, and maybe other solar systems.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 (billions of years)
Birth ^Now Warming Hydrogen Red Giant White dwarf (Now: 4,6 billion years)
8:24 the water wont dissapear it will be in clouds
and there will be land only till it rains
Your videos keep me up
anton petrov, earth is warming up, i'm serious, earths surface temperature is increasing, oil is causing earth to heat up.
The Earth used to be a protostar but it wasn't being pulled by the gravity, so it became the planet.