Wolfgang Iser's essay "The Reading Process: A Phenomenological Approach" delves into the intricate relationship between the text and the reader. Here's an explanation: Phenomenological Approach: Iser employs a phenomenological approach, which means he focuses on the subjective experience of the reader. Rather than solely analyzing the text itself or the author's intentions, he explores how readers construct meaning as they engage with the text. Gap-Filling: Iser introduces the concept of "gaps" in the text, which are spaces or ambiguities deliberately left by the author. These gaps require the reader to actively participate in the reading process by filling them with their own interpretations and experiences. This interactive process of filling in the gaps is central to how meaning is created in literature. Implied Reader: Iser also introduces the idea of the "implied reader," which is the hypothetical reader constructed by the text itself. The implied reader guides the reader's engagement with the text and shapes their understanding of it. However, the actual reader may deviate from the implied reader, bringing their own unique perspectives and interpretations to the text. Foregrounding and Backgrounding: Iser discusses how authors manipulate the reader's attention by foregrounding certain elements of the text while backgrounding others. This selective emphasis influences the reader's perception and interpretation of the text, shaping their reading experience. Aesthetic Response: According to Iser, reading is not just a cognitive process but also an aesthetic one. He emphasizes the importance of emotional and sensory responses to literature, arguing that these responses contribute to the reader's overall understanding and appreciation of the text. Horizon of Expectations: Iser introduces the concept of the "horizon of expectations," which refers to the reader's preconceived notions, beliefs, and cultural background that influence their interpretation of the text. The interaction between the text and the reader's horizon of expectations shapes their reading experience and determines the meaning they derive from the text. Dynamic Process: Overall, Iser portrays the reading process as dynamic and interactive, with the text and the reader constantly influencing and shaping each other. He highlights the active role of the reader in constructing meaning and emphasizes the importance of the reader's subjective experience in literary interpretation. In summary, Iser's phenomenological approach to the reading process emphasizes the active role of the reader in constructing meaning, highlighting the dynamic interaction between the text and the reader's subjective experiences, expectations, and interpretations.
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explained beautifully 👌
Thank you 🙏
Wolfgang Iser's essay "The Reading Process: A Phenomenological Approach" delves into the intricate relationship between the text and the reader. Here's an explanation:
Phenomenological Approach: Iser employs a phenomenological approach, which means he focuses on the subjective experience of the reader. Rather than solely analyzing the text itself or the author's intentions, he explores how readers construct meaning as they engage with the text.
Gap-Filling: Iser introduces the concept of "gaps" in the text, which are spaces or ambiguities deliberately left by the author. These gaps require the reader to actively participate in the reading process by filling them with their own interpretations and experiences. This interactive process of filling in the gaps is central to how meaning is created in literature.
Implied Reader: Iser also introduces the idea of the "implied reader," which is the hypothetical reader constructed by the text itself. The implied reader guides the reader's engagement with the text and shapes their understanding of it. However, the actual reader may deviate from the implied reader, bringing their own unique perspectives and interpretations to the text.
Foregrounding and Backgrounding: Iser discusses how authors manipulate the reader's attention by foregrounding certain elements of the text while backgrounding others. This selective emphasis influences the reader's perception and interpretation of the text, shaping their reading experience.
Aesthetic Response: According to Iser, reading is not just a cognitive process but also an aesthetic one. He emphasizes the importance of emotional and sensory responses to literature, arguing that these responses contribute to the reader's overall understanding and appreciation of the text.
Horizon of Expectations: Iser introduces the concept of the "horizon of expectations," which refers to the reader's preconceived notions, beliefs, and cultural background that influence their interpretation of the text. The interaction between the text and the reader's horizon of expectations shapes their reading experience and determines the meaning they derive from the text.
Dynamic Process: Overall, Iser portrays the reading process as dynamic and interactive, with the text and the reader constantly influencing and shaping each other. He highlights the active role of the reader in constructing meaning and emphasizes the importance of the reader's subjective experience in literary interpretation.
In summary, Iser's phenomenological approach to the reading process emphasizes the active role of the reader in constructing meaning, highlighting the dynamic interaction between the text and the reader's subjective experiences, expectations, and interpretations.
Thanks for the apt explanation.It will be really helpful for the students out there.👏🙏😊
आभार @@learnwithshimly
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Clear n to the point explanation ❤❤❤
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The way you explain its mind blowing , thank you so much.
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Thank you mam for this wonderful explanation....it was very helpful ❤
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Very well done
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Very thankfull to you ...
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Very well explained 💪
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