Propulsion lead from Goddard here! Excellent video, Scott. We're so happy this thing is off the ground and heading outbound :) Fun stats: we're expecting the Jupiter orbit insertion burn to require around 800 m/s dV, take ~5.5-6 hrs, and consume approximately 60% of our total loaded propellant.
By switching from SLS to Falcon heavy, the travel time got extended by several years. Does that impact the useful time which europa clipper has around Jupiter and if yes by how much?
@@foximacentauri7891 my understanding is that our limiting case is still radiation degradation as Scott pointed out. We'll be spending a bit more time in transit so eating a little more average solar radiation, but that pales in comparison to what Jupiter spits out. Propellant budget is still golden for primary tour
@@RickTheClipper you mean "we"... there is no "they" without our allowance. "we" humans are doing this, not them scientists. humanity brought forth knowledge and retention for it. humanity served them and they serve humanity, we all do. so WE will land and Europa, Will belong to the Empire!
@@RickTheClipper We could land a probe. The travel time will be long, but the radiation would be the big problem for landing people. I don't see why we couldn't have a 2001-size ship in the next decade.
Another thorough video, Scott. Yes, I finally made it into one of your videos. I was one of the design engineers following the deploying magnetometer boom we delivered to JPL that you showed being deployed in a JPL cleanroom.
I thought we'd been forbidden to land there (“All these worlds are yours except Europa. Attempt no landing there.”) Tho' I suppose we aren't actually /landing/ so...
Don't confuse this with Europa Clippy, which is forever annoyingly asking Europa Clipper if it needs help performing those spectrometer readings. I'll see myself out.
Same situation will happen when we try interstellar travel. Crew wakes up from stasis to find the new system already inhabited by humans that learned FTL and passed them halfway there.
Imagine you're on a mission to one of those Wolf or Gliese systems, and while you're there deploying your lovely new state-of-the-art imaging and side-scan radar satellites your grandchild shows up in a faster ship and starts deploying better ones.
@@Sableagle And you start to feel old and start telling your grandchild that things were better back in my day, our space probes are better made and don't need no fancy tri-quantum super computer chips to function.
while this is possible with interstellar travel or distant intra-system travel, it doesn't really apply to mars lol. if your trip to mars is taking 4 years, something with your trajectory is seriousely wrong, or you hitched a ride on a solar sailing cargo ship, and you're not gonna be alive for long lol
@scott manley Could you one day make a video, on how the launch companies come up with those complicated maneuvers? How do they come up with for example 2 gravity assist of Venus, one from earth, one from.. etc and arrive at the destiny? Is there a supercomputer that runs tons of options, how do they know that or when planets align perfectly for multiple gravity assists? I hope I inspired you for this question, because I would be very curious!
Well, they have been figuring such trajectories for many decades now. Luna 3 used a gravity assist from Earth to reach the moon. Voyager program used gravity assists. The idea of gravity assists for space flight originated before WW2. The first known calculations for space flight using gravity assist were published in 1956.
it would, but since the flyby will be a gravity assist, i'm afraid the ground track will be mostly over equatorial regions and not polar, so might not be possible, unless a supervolcano erupts and freezes the oceans before then ahah
You mentioned that Galileo had a bearing between the rotating and stationary sections. Wouldn't there still be some latent friction that would cause the stationary section to slowly build up rotation? Can you elaborate on that mechanism and how it offered complete stability?
nasa still has the galileo specs available online, i just took a look at the bearings and they're just regular steel ball bearings with a bunch of sections for motors and data transfer. ludicrously complex but nothing exotic. i imagine that since they knew exactly how much torque friction would cause, .5 Nm, they just compensate with the motors. given the paper im looking at is very specific about the ripple torque (a new term to me but it seems to be the consistency of a motors torque) which would need to be precise to steadily counter friction without creating a wobble that seems like a good guess.
What’s even freakier is most of the ionizing particles in those radiation belts are emissions from IO, ionized by the radiation and then accelerated to relativistic speeds by Jupiter’s magnetosphere. Edit: that was a fascinating realization since prior to learning that I thought it was just trapped solar wind
2010 is great. It also has a cameo from Babylon 5 with an Omega class destroyer masquerading as the Leonov :) Europa Report is another movie I would highly recommend about.. interesting stuff happening on Europa.
No, it’s actually the other way around, because “2010” was released in 1984, and Babylon 5 did not begin until 1993, almost a decade later. The designer of the B5 Omega Class destroyer, Paul Bryant, was publicly quoted as saying: ”Yes, I can confirm that I ‘lifted’ the centre section off the Leonov in 2010 for the centrifuge. That's why the profile is exactly the same. I was feeling mischievous, so I added this little nod to the design. I thought someone would spot it immediately but no, it was years before anybody called me on it…”
Wow Scott fantastic graphics and of course an eloquent flow of information carefully supported by your knowledge and experience! I was mezmerized to the point of complete focus on you. Thank you for an excellent report. Cheers!
I honestly think Elon Musk's XAI88x is the safest bet for long term hold, and will survive out of every other altcoins. It will get adopted in US, Ecuador, Asia, starting from Japan, and slowly spread out and gain. This is a winning coin, apart from all the technical greatness.
Thanks Scott - very well structured explanation. 💙 …and yeah - 2010 is a really good movie, I believe they spent a fortune on fluid dynamic modelling to get Jupiter’s atmosphere behaving correctly.
Scott, I've been a subscriber for a long time now, and I have to say that this is one of the best videos that you've done. Your ability to explain some very complex information without leaving anything (much) out is really a joy to watch.
2001 is a great movie, I saw 2010 on a BIG screen when it came out. It gave me goose bumps that no movie has ever gave me since. I'm dying to see 2001 on a big screen to see it has the same effect on me. Clark also had another book 2100, but I dont think you'll ever see it made into a movie, more like miniseries.
I do not recall anything about 2100. The four books I remember, and I have three of them, are 2001, 2010, 2061 and 3001. I saw 2001 on a Cinemascope big screen in Boston, MA in 1968 as a high school field trip. First movie I saw theatrically. It was amazing.
2001 and Forbidden Planet are the best science fiction movies ever made, with 2001 obviously being much better in many ways but interstellar travel and the Krell civilization as portrayed in Forbidden Planet are very very cool.
I am always astonished by the flightpaths taken by the experts and optimized calculations. Of course, the numbers don't lie, it is still incredible that we already understand the orbital mechanics to such a great degree that we can send probes on year long missions and only need small corrections. What a time to be alive.
Scott Manley, I love how you give us such insight on so many subjects in one video: Math, Science, History, Linguistics too. Thank you for your vast knowledge and education. This is why I love following your channel.
2010 is a great movie! The cold war undercurrent dates it a bit, but there are some genuinely chilling moments that will make you ponder our own existence in the grander scheme of things.
Got my first telescope look at Jupiter in a college astronomy class - three of the moons were so clearly visible I looked up without the telescope and was surprised could still see them with the naked eye.
Q. Is it possible to use/test some of the instruments one the mars flyby for some extra science? Unless we already know more about mars than it can teach us. Or is it in hibernation mode to ensure it survives much longer at jupiter?
I could be wrong about this, but I could have sworn that the original plan for the Europa Clipper was a direct trip out to Europa, fly through a plume, collect a sample, and then return directly to Earth, returning the sample. A tremendously expensive spacecraft for one flyby, but there would be a sample that could be tested for life.
Its cool how europa and enceladus have oceans very similar to ours and have all the chemicals for life including phosphorus, (well enceladus does idk much about europa) but im certain we arent alone so i wouldn't be surprised if we find something cool down there
Thank you for this excellent and comprehensive (layman's) breakdown of the Europe Mission. Kudos, as well, for the factoids about which spacecraft had the highest Delta-V imparted to it by the rocket carrying it into space. WRT to the sequel to 2001: A Space Odyssey, it was great that you reminded all of your viewers that this film focused on Europa (just the like the book by Arthur C. Clarke on which it was based). Fun fact, the main stars of the film were the late American actor, Roy Scheider and a very young and compelling Helen Mirren, whose Russian ancestry likely helped her pull off that great impression of a Russian cosmonaut.
I'm super excited for this mission! Considering how like 10-15 years ago people thought that there was no way life could exist at the bottom of the ocean only to find these fantastic thermal vent communities I'm sure we are bound to find something very interesting if Europa actually does have oceans. My only pause is that would we be open minded enough to recognize life that did not originate on Earth? When you only have a sample size of 1 would you be open enough to identify life elsewhere?
It'd actually be interesting (if the information even is available anywhere) to know how expensive satellites and probes are. And I mean that in the literal sense of "how much does 6 tons of electronics actually cost as the metals they are made from" rather than how much little green paper pieces people moved around here on Earth when building it. I just find it amazing how some people think all the billions flew into space when arguing against national budget use for space exploration etc. :p
Tbf, there is one SLS waiting in VAB right now for its payload, and who knows how long its going to wait And next one is also going to wait because there is no way HLS will be ready in time But it would be impossible to predict that this would be the case back when decision to change LV was made
@@Jason-gq8fo next orion mission which is now under question mark due to heatshield investigation so it may face further orion delays, and again, there is artemis 3 which will be delayed due to HLS. We've reached the point where nasa slows down SLS production on purpose, because other mission elements arent ready. A much healthier option would be to fly other missions and speed up the production(this would result in cost reduction), but it is bit late for that.
It would have been nice for SLS to launch this one but without a launch vehicle available this was probably the most safe and logical option for the clipper program.
In theory - yes, but in practice - doubtfully. That is for proteins based life, like us. The proteins, RNA and DNA are too fragile when it comes to high energy photons. But if there is some sort of shielding and only "gamma synthesis" parts are exposed, who knows... Life always find a way.
After Jupiter lights up and becomes a small star, a message is received. Something like "All of these new words are yours, except Europa. Attempt no landing there." I may not have it exactly, that was from memory of the 2010 movie which I saw many years ago.
Your explanation of the mass spectrometer is a little off. The "classic" deflection design does work by looking at deflection in a magnetic field, but the MASPEX instrument uses a differential time of flight (TOF) to look at the mass of ions.
I remember Cassini Hugens launching and thinking it will be ages before we get some science from Saturn and les environs. When this leviathan gets to Jupiter I will be in my 70s.
2010 is a good movie for a sci-fi - and has the key for why HAL did in Frank and Dave. Acting is a bit wooden at times. (Scheider) and quite good (Mirren). Lithgow and Baskin run a charming mutual support.
Propulsion lead from Goddard here! Excellent video, Scott. We're so happy this thing is off the ground and heading outbound :)
Fun stats: we're expecting the Jupiter orbit insertion burn to require around 800 m/s dV, take ~5.5-6 hrs, and consume approximately 60% of our total loaded propellant.
By switching from SLS to Falcon heavy, the travel time got extended by several years. Does that impact the useful time which europa clipper has around Jupiter and if yes by how much?
@@foximacentauri7891 my understanding is that our limiting case is still radiation degradation as Scott pointed out. We'll be spending a bit more time in transit so eating a little more average solar radiation, but that pales in comparison to what Jupiter spits out. Propellant budget is still golden for primary tour
Casual propulsion nerd here. Does Europa Clipper use hypergols or electric propulsion? Also, CMGs or reaction wheels?
Just use your FSD
@@kyleeames8229 biprop hypergol: MMH and MON-3. Wheels for control
“ALL THESE WORLDS ARE YOURS, EXCEPT EUROPA.
ATTEMPT NO LANDING THERE.
USE THEM TOGETHER. USE THEM IN PEACE.”
The scientists were smart 🧠 theyre only orbiting Europa, never gonna try and land 👽
@@nolanholmberg311 If they find a single bacteria, they will land
@@RickTheClipper you mean "we"... there is no "they" without our allowance. "we" humans are doing this, not them scientists. humanity brought forth knowledge and retention for it. humanity served them and they serve humanity, we all do. so WE will land and Europa, Will belong to the Empire!
@@swanclipper Not in our lifetime, even if You are a 5th grader. The distance is too big, and we will never have ships the size of 2001
@@RickTheClipper We could land a probe. The travel time will be long, but the radiation would be the big problem for landing people. I don't see why we couldn't have a 2001-size ship in the next decade.
1:40 I was legitimately shocked by that size comparison. This thing is huge!!
Or maybe the statue is a lot smaller than we think? 😄
@@Alfred-Neuman either way its still may bigger than we thought
Indeed, it is. Now imagine what huge probes we could send into space, with the Starship 🤯
@@NoXPhasma You may have to imagine it.
like half of statue of liberty height is the pedestal, which was mostly not included in the size comparison
11:55 did they even simulate the stuck-halfway high gain antenna??? Cool!
That is what it looked like at that time, so why not? :D
yes most models of the spacecraft, inn apps like the one scott is using, include the flown configuration, wiuch failed antenna included ahaha
Shoulda brought a Mystery goo, or a gravioli smh
They needed a science lab bro
obvious answer is to just bring a kerbal and do a eva report
@@yodaman8015 spam crew reports
Another thorough video, Scott. Yes, I finally made it into one of your videos. I was one of the design engineers following the deploying magnetometer boom we delivered to JPL that you showed being deployed in a JPL cleanroom.
The period sketches are beautiful! I've never seen those before. Thanks for putting them in
So, the Clipper has a PIMS Cup? I knew it was a classy probe.
Groan. 😩
I thought we'd been forbidden to land there (“All these worlds are yours except Europa. Attempt no landing there.”)
Tho' I suppose we aren't actually /landing/ so...
We aren't known for following the rules 🤡
Dark lords of delta v!
and delta iv
Bought XAI88x after watching your video, super excited!
Bot comment
2010 is a great movie. Let no one tell you otherwise! Great video, Scott. As always. 👍
Don't confuse this with Europa Clippy, which is forever annoyingly asking Europa Clipper if it needs help performing those spectrometer readings.
I'll see myself out.
Glad to hear 2010 get a shoutout! Love that movie too.
Plus it’s free with ads on RUclips! (As I accidentally discovered last night)
Imagine you're on a 4 year trip to Mars, and after 2 years, a faster spacecraft passes you.
Same situation will happen when we try interstellar travel. Crew wakes up from stasis to find the new system already inhabited by humans that learned FTL and passed them halfway there.
Imagine you're on a mission to one of those Wolf or Gliese systems, and while you're there deploying your lovely new state-of-the-art imaging and side-scan radar satellites your grandchild shows up in a faster ship and starts deploying better ones.
@@Sableagle And you start to feel old and start telling your grandchild that things were better back in my day, our space probes are better made and don't need no fancy tri-quantum super computer chips to function.
while this is possible with interstellar travel or distant intra-system travel, it doesn't really apply to mars lol. if your trip to mars is taking 4 years, something with your trajectory is seriousely wrong, or you hitched a ride on a solar sailing cargo ship, and you're not gonna be alive for long lol
@@sprky777 The local inhabitants have been eating human travelers for years, and have some great recipes in mind for you.
2010 is *such* a good film. I absolutely recommend it.
@@therichieboy I like it better than 2001
@scott manley Could you one day make a video, on how the launch companies come up with those complicated maneuvers? How do they come up with for example 2 gravity assist of Venus, one from earth, one from.. etc and arrive at the destiny? Is there a supercomputer that runs tons of options, how do they know that or when planets align perfectly for multiple gravity assists? I hope I inspired you for this question, because I would be very curious!
Regular desktop computer is enough for that. They do many trajectories to see which one works. Relatively simple once constants are known.
I would like to know that as well. Especially how I can calculate it myself for when I'm playing KSP.
Well, they have been figuring such trajectories for many decades now. Luna 3 used a gravity assist from Earth to reach the moon. Voyager program used gravity assists. The idea of gravity assists for space flight originated before WW2. The first known calculations for space flight using gravity assist were published in 1956.
I suggest you read up on gravity assist on wiki, a very good introduction to the topic
Timing is everything. 😊
Seems Earth fly-by would be a calibration opportunity for detecting oceans under ice.
it would, but since the flyby will be a gravity assist, i'm afraid the ground track will be mostly over equatorial regions and not polar, so might not be possible, unless a supervolcano erupts and freezes the oceans before then ahah
@@soleenzo893 maybe if they tracked a star at an angle if could work, but I mostly agree
Thank you for shouting out sewing in aerospace!
Whenever I hear about Jupiters moons I think of the expanse. Such a great show.
Remember the Cant
And we have the "Europa Report" movie, of course...!
You mentioned that Galileo had a bearing between the rotating and stationary sections. Wouldn't there still be some latent friction that would cause the stationary section to slowly build up rotation? Can you elaborate on that mechanism and how it offered complete stability?
nasa still has the galileo specs available online, i just took a look at the bearings and they're just regular steel ball bearings with a bunch of sections for motors and data transfer. ludicrously complex but nothing exotic. i imagine that since they knew exactly how much torque friction would cause, .5 Nm, they just compensate with the motors. given the paper im looking at is very specific about the ripple torque (a new term to me but it seems to be the consistency of a motors torque) which would need to be precise to steadily counter friction without creating a wobble that seems like a good guess.
Damn, I love your channel. This was great.
Great episode! You are one of the best channels for space exploration.
What’s even freakier is most of the ionizing particles in those radiation belts are emissions from IO, ionized by the radiation and then accelerated to relativistic speeds by Jupiter’s magnetosphere.
Edit: that was a fascinating realization since prior to learning that I thought it was just trapped solar wind
2010 is great. It also has a cameo from Babylon 5 with an Omega class destroyer masquerading as the Leonov :)
Europa Report is another movie I would highly recommend about.. interesting stuff happening on Europa.
No, it’s actually the other way around, because “2010” was released in 1984, and Babylon 5 did not begin until 1993, almost a decade later. The designer of the B5 Omega Class destroyer, Paul Bryant, was publicly quoted as saying: ”Yes, I can confirm that I ‘lifted’ the centre section off the Leonov in 2010 for the centrifuge. That's why the profile is exactly the same. I was feeling mischievous, so I added this little nod to the design. I thought someone would spot it immediately but no, it was years before anybody called me on it…”
Wow Scott fantastic graphics and of course an eloquent flow of information carefully supported by your knowledge and experience! I was mezmerized to the point of complete focus on you. Thank you for an excellent report. Cheers!
Ever seen "Planes Trains and Automobiles"? "You're going the wrong way!" 😆🤣😉😄
2010 was a great film!
A very interesting post. I like the idea of redistributing heat to the colder parts of the spacecraft. QOTD "The dark Lord of DeltaV" ..... LOL!
Well done in depth video about this exciting craft
Neptune and Uranus exploration in our lifetime please.
I am pretty sure that you can get Uranus explored any time that you want, if you are persistent enough.
@@curtiswfrankshave you tried to schedule a colonoscopy recently? Takes months unless it's urgent (diagnostic rather than just preventative).
I love 2010. An Charlton Heston did great acting in it❤
As did Helen Mirren!
What a great video my friend
Wow...the Siskel and Ebert moment at the end was the best part! Two Thumbs Up!
Fascinating stuff! the sewing of the insulation... wow
I honestly think Elon Musk's XAI88x is the safest bet for long term hold, and will survive out of every other altcoins. It will get adopted in US, Ecuador, Asia, starting from Japan, and slowly spread out and gain. This is a winning coin, apart from all the technical greatness.
2010 is also a great book.
Scott made some hyperbolic statements.
2010 is, I agree, a great film....in fact I may even watch my DVD of it now!
6:04 ......erhmm....UPloading😊
Either way could be correct I guess.
Technicly it uploads the data however it is sending it down to earth.
Chicken or egg first problem I guess 😂.
If the data transfer is initiated from Earth, then it's a download.
0:08 insane cameo
2010 the year we make contact was an awesome movie. It is one of my favorite movies, and one of the best sci fi movies ever made
Dark Lord of Delta V😂 I'm really enjoying this video Scotty,
"Faced with the tyranny of the rocket equation" im wheezing 💀
Thanks Scott - very well structured explanation. 💙
…and yeah - 2010 is a really good movie, I believe they spent a fortune on fluid dynamic modelling to get Jupiter’s atmosphere behaving correctly.
This really tells you how much confidence NASA has in SLS availability in the future.
Yes! Thanks!!! 🖖🖖🖖
Thanks Scott
Orbital Mechanics are so cool
Scott, I've been a subscriber for a long time now, and I have to say that this is one of the best videos that you've done. Your ability to explain some very complex information without leaving anything (much) out is really a joy to watch.
2001 is a great movie, I saw 2010 on a BIG screen when it came out. It gave me goose bumps that no movie has ever gave me since. I'm dying to see 2001 on a big screen to see it has the same effect on me. Clark also had another book 2100, but I dont think you'll ever see it made into a movie, more like miniseries.
There were four books in all, 2001, 2010, 2061 and 3001. All great. I love 2010 (the movie) too.
I do not recall anything about 2100. The four books I remember, and I have three of them, are 2001, 2010, 2061 and 3001. I saw 2001 on a Cinemascope big screen in Boston, MA in 1968 as a high school field trip. First movie I saw theatrically. It was amazing.
2001 and Forbidden Planet are the best science fiction movies ever made, with 2001 obviously being much better in many ways but interstellar travel and the Krell civilization as portrayed in Forbidden Planet are very very cool.
I am always astonished by the flightpaths taken by the experts and optimized calculations. Of course, the numbers don't lie, it is still incredible that we already understand the orbital mechanics to such a great degree that we can send probes on year long missions and only need small corrections. What a time to be alive.
Europa Report 2013 is a good movie to watch and goes well with Scott's video.
Another great film is Europa Report. I loved it.
what a great bunch of info!
Watched 2010 long time ago. Love it!
Deep dynamic geology is so hot!
Another (small but good - 2013) SF movie about Europa - "Europa Report". Yes, there is life ....... :)
D'oh - you beat me to it!
Speaking of Europa... Ernest Klein's Armada is a great read (or audiobook).
Scott Manley,
I love how you give us such insight on so many subjects in one video: Math, Science, History, Linguistics too. Thank you for your vast knowledge and education. This is why I love following your channel.
2010 is a great movie! The cold war undercurrent dates it a bit, but there are some genuinely chilling moments that will make you ponder our own existence in the grander scheme of things.
So much to worry about these years - missions like these gives hope for the future.
the movie 2010 got me into space!
Been waiting for this one to drop, thanks as always for posting Scott
Got my first telescope look at Jupiter in a college astronomy class - three of the moons were so clearly visible I looked up without the telescope and was surprised could still see them with the naked eye.
Thanks for the advice! Got XAI88x, feeling bullish! 🚀
Perijove, apojove and we have good names for those of Sun, Earth, and Moon but not much else. Maybe apomart and perimart?
Periareion/apareion. Peri- and ap- are Greek prefixes, so you'd use the Greek name for Mars, Ares.
@@merseyviking Periars could end up like Uranus.
@@merseyviking If we're going all Greek, may I please have the honour of treating Dr Becky Smethurst to lunch at apotitan?
Your videos are always awesome Scott
Honestly best one in a while, feels like an og video
Fingers crossed for 12m wide Starship eventually. We need that fairing volume for cool things.
Q. Is it possible to use/test some of the instruments one the mars flyby for some extra science? Unless we already know more about mars than it can teach us. Or is it in hibernation mode to ensure it survives much longer at jupiter?
Juice did a lot of testing during the moon and Earth flyby. This is used by scientists to check out the instruments and actually get a reading.
I could be wrong about this, but I could have sworn that the original plan for the Europa Clipper was a direct trip out to Europa, fly through a plume, collect a sample, and then return directly to Earth, returning the sample. A tremendously expensive spacecraft for one flyby, but there would be a sample that could be tested for life.
Great video and explanation of the mission! You made it really exciting! Thanks!
Thank you for this detailed video, as always!
That was truly an awesome video Scott! Very well put together, thank you so much 🙏🏻
2 questions:
Will Europa clipper be visible through a telescope when it returns to earth?
What’s that site you used to see the trajectory?
So excited about this voyage, we’re going to learn so much. I hope I live to see it arrive.
Its cool how europa and enceladus have oceans very similar to ours and have all the chemicals for life including phosphorus, (well enceladus does idk much about europa) but im certain we arent alone so i wouldn't be surprised if we find something cool down there
Thank you for this excellent and comprehensive (layman's) breakdown of the Europe Mission. Kudos, as well, for the factoids about which spacecraft had the highest Delta-V imparted to it by the rocket carrying it into space.
WRT to the sequel to 2001: A Space Odyssey, it was great that you reminded all of your viewers that this film focused on Europa (just the like the book by Arthur C. Clarke on which it was based). Fun fact, the main stars of the film were the late American actor, Roy Scheider and a very young and compelling Helen Mirren, whose Russian ancestry likely helped her pull off that great impression of a Russian cosmonaut.
I'm super excited for this mission! Considering how like 10-15 years ago people thought that there was no way life could exist at the bottom of the ocean only to find these fantastic thermal vent communities I'm sure we are bound to find something very interesting if Europa actually does have oceans. My only pause is that would we be open minded enough to recognize life that did not originate on Earth? When you only have a sample size of 1 would you be open enough to identify life elsewhere?
After I read the title, was telling myself in my head "pleas not red bathrobe. PLEAS! Not the red bathrobe"
It'd actually be interesting (if the information even is available anywhere) to know how expensive satellites and probes are. And I mean that in the literal sense of "how much does 6 tons of electronics actually cost as the metals they are made from" rather than how much little green paper pieces people moved around here on Earth when building it. I just find it amazing how some people think all the billions flew into space when arguing against national budget use for space exploration etc. :p
I mean, the total value of all the raw elements in your body is like 10 cents
Ha! PIMS! I heard PIMPS the first time.
It could have been there sooner on sls. If they had one ready in time which they didn’t… and also the vibrations from sls were a concern
Tbf, there is one SLS waiting in VAB right now for its payload, and who knows how long its going to wait
And next one is also going to wait because there is no way HLS will be ready in time
But it would be impossible to predict that this would be the case back when decision to change LV was made
For 8x the cost
@@_mikolaj_that one is for the next Orion mission
2014 SLS was supposed to be the platform to take us to Mars. I stopped believing in it years ago.
@@Jason-gq8fo next orion mission which is now under question mark due to heatshield investigation so it may face further orion delays, and again, there is artemis 3 which will be delayed due to HLS. We've reached the point where nasa slows down SLS production on purpose, because other mission elements arent ready. A much healthier option would be to fly other missions and speed up the production(this would result in cost reduction), but it is bit late for that.
It would have been nice for SLS to launch this one but without a launch vehicle available this was probably the most safe and logical option for the clipper program.
Could life evolve to use gamma rays in the same way that plants use the visible spectrum?
In theory - yes, but in practice - doubtfully. That is for proteins based life, like us. The proteins, RNA and DNA are too fragile when it comes to high energy photons. But if there is some sort of shielding and only "gamma synthesis" parts are exposed, who knows... Life always find a way.
I hope they get some nice pictures of callisto too, thats my favourite jovian moon =)
JUICE will make flybys
So excited to see what lies beneath the ice.
I love your accent/voice scott ❤
After Jupiter lights up and becomes a small star, a message is received. Something like "All of these new words are yours, except Europa. Attempt no landing there." I may not have it exactly, that was from memory of the 2010 movie which I saw many years ago.
2010: THE YEAR WE MAKE CONTACT MENTIONED!!
I can’t believe they forgot to attach a mystery goo container
We will honor it’s sacrifice
All three cores expended. YOU DARN TSIOLKOVSKY!!
Your explanation of the mass spectrometer is a little off. The "classic" deflection design does work by looking at deflection in a magnetic field, but the MASPEX instrument uses a differential time of flight (TOF) to look at the mass of ions.
I remember Cassini Hugens launching and thinking it will be ages before we get some science from Saturn and les environs. When this leviathan gets to Jupiter I will be in my 70s.
Love the new outro song. Did Suno make it?
2010 is a good movie for a sci-fi - and has the key for why HAL did in Frank and Dave. Acting is a bit wooden at times. (Scheider) and quite good (Mirren). Lithgow and Baskin run a charming mutual support.
Hulooo Scott Manley hear!!!!
Here
@@GM-xk1nwno
Everyone needs a catchin' Holla!
And I like burrer on my toast and haggis
Soft Rs ... soft arse? ... always informative and interesting is the aul' Scorrish engineer