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How Hydrogen Bomb Tsar Bomba Works
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- Опубликовано: 3 авг 2024
- n this video, we'll learn about the Hydrogen bomb tsar bomba, one of the most powerful nuclear weapons ever developed. This weapon was used by the Soviet Union in the Second World War, and is still the most powerful nuclear weapon in the world.
If you're interested in weapons technology, or just want to learn more about the Hydrogen bomb tsar bomba, then this video is for you! We'll cover everything you need to know about this powerful weapon, from its origins to its capabilities. So be sure to watch this video, and learn about one of the most dangerous and controversial weapons in history!
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This is the video about how ICBM works.
ruclips.net/video/-FfwskkeoX8/видео.html
This is the video about how Atomic Bomb Fat Man works.
ruclips.net/video/cYY5XAMRpkI/видео.html
This is the video about how Atomic Bomb Little Boy works.
ruclips.net/video/k-u3q1KpAKs/видео.html
This is the video about how Anti-Intercontinental Ballistic Missile works.
ruclips.net/video/-4Ey6loUwiI/видео.html
This is the video about how Supersonic Missile works.
ruclips.net/video/s8GvUje-DH8/видео.html
Tsar b0mba was to big as deliverable weapon
Can't you change "Hydroden" into "Hydrogen" in the title of this video?🤨
Ok thanks for video 😊🙏❤️
이 동영상이 있으면 한국도 핵무장할 수 있다
Literacy? Not much.
Judging from the title.
that's one hell of a firecracker.
Thanks, now I can make my own Tsar Bomba at home. 😊
😂
You're now on a watchlist bro
It wasn't a two stage weapon.
Explosive lenses aren't portrayed accurately, and probably weren't used in the Tsar Bomba.
The tamper and the shield are different structures.
The secondary fusion fuel is not a tritide.
No hard evidence of polystyrene ever being used as an interstage material.
Fission chain reactions don't start because of heat.
The secondary fission product atoms are not the same.
The boost gas is injected prior to primary implosion.
The interstage plasma pressure is only a few percent of the total pressure acting on the secondary. It's mostly due to ablation.
MAgic molecues duplicate themselves. For all the animation work, it is rather filled with errors. Close, but no sigar.
Ya I was wondering how they would inject the gas after. LOL
Tsar was a three stage, probably effectively a copy of the Redwing Zuni device, just made larger, just as B41 was scaled up from Redwing Tewa.
3 stage bomb , it had 2 secondary
@@JohnSmith-fg6pt Not quite.
About design speculations, there's a saying among Russian scientists: "Whoever guesses right, will get a prize of 20 years of vacation"
no theres not
Причём, замечу - не просто отпуска, а отпуска в заведении, охраняемом сотрудниками госбезопасности!
@@TongorBlackHawk A, вижу - отдых на охраняемом курорте 😁 Sounds nice!
20 лет в местах не столь отдалённых.
In gulag
The Tsar Bomba was a three-stage hydrogen bomb with a Trutnev-Babaev second and third stage design. A three-stage hydrogen bomb uses a fission-type atomic bomb as the first stage to compress the thermonuclear second stage. The energy produced from this explosion is then directed to compress the much larger thermonuclear third stage. There is evidence that Tsar Bomba utilized several third stages.
>> There is evidence that Tsar Bomba utilized several third stages
I have only seen Carry Sublette's hypothesis but no evidence. Have you seen it ? Can you share the evidence ?
´stäge 4 -:-
´vvörx without ihvvent höriZönn v?v
4:30 üh öh doublink v??v
these things (esp? hbs?) are still ´´clässiFy€D xxxD i doubt there was matter and vaccum witch would need antigravity - antiinertia to stabilice...
and ´in moment of detonation fuel is injecktät xP ??? anyhöw they gäve new mattering? cönZeptce v v tängey -:-
Correct
Where is this evidence?
Great explanation, many of the other videos on this do not explain the tsar bomba didn't use a standard Teller-Ulam design.
but this is bulshit, the explanation is full of fails...
Sorry, misread your comment. However unable to delete my incorrect response (?)😔
His explanation is just bad.
@@cd7071 try edit
@@idarpolden5913 I tried, but my iPad browser won’t let me edit or delete once posted
At 4:30-4:35, you say that, following entry of the neutron into Pu-239 or U-235, "two more of the SAME ATOMS are generated," implying that the splitting of a Pu-239 results in two Pu-239 atoms and three neutrons. This is NOT correct. Two NEW LIGHTER atoms, not two of the SAME atoms, are generated. For example, the fission of a U-235 atom results in a pair of lighter atoms (most likely Krypton and Barium)...not two U-235 atoms.
He keeps making the same mistake in every video.
@@RocketToTheMoose I know, Brett. I think this is the second time I've offered the same correction!
In matter of fact, splitting a Pu or U atom will rarely produce two same atoms.
great job explaining this
It worked as planned, so I think the design was spot on.
you're hardly an "expert" on this matter so your "thinking" is worthless
Very well done video! Thank you!
Thank you for the detailed design and how it works!..now, let me go to my garage and start working😅
4:03 The nuclear fission reaction DOES NOT begins due to the intense heat. Whereas the fusion reaction does.
True
DOES NOT begin
@@azzteke True. English is not my Native language
I still think that nuclear fission reaction is real and can be applied in warfare but regarding Hydrogen-bomb I do have doubts as humans are unable of carrying out controlled nuclear fusion reaction so far and what they claim about this two stage fission/fusion reaction in thermonuclear bomb looks more like a hoax.
Excelente vídeo!
Great content
Incredible👍
What made this bomb so dangerous was the STYROFOAM they placed in between the components. And I thought that UPS only using it for packing.
Thank you for very good explanation.
thanks for the tuto👍
Atomic bomb trigger is shown being the same as 1940’s Fat Man with obsolete central ball core. By 1961 the Soviets might have moved up to what the US started in the 1950’s - sealed pits that resembled hollow spheres lined with plutonium.
GREAT VIDEO
Great Tutorial thx!
Excellent video!
Thanks for the tutorial
У меня очень большие сомнения, в том, что такова конструкция у Царь-бомбы. Во-первых, иностранцы не могут знать, как она устроена, они могут лишь предполагать. Во-вторых, то, что я увидел на видео, очень сильно смахивает на американские устройства, взорванные на испытаниях Кастл Браво и Кастл Ромео; а вот их конструкция как раз-таки секретом не является, не известны лишь геометрические размеры и параметры учавствующих компонентов. Из этого я делаю вывод - автор подогнал конструкцию американских бомб под советское название и дал ей общеизвестные размеры и вес.
Um, no. First, there's no lithium deuteride tritide, as there's no need for tritium if you have lithium, which happily fissions into tritium.
Second, Tsar Bomba was a three stage weapon. It used a dual primary fission triggering detonation and given its size, likely a cryogenic tritium and deuterium gas secondary. The US didn't start using lithium deuteride until 1954 in testing, production always lagging behind.
The finalmost stage was left out, as the final 100 megaton design was fission, triggered by the neutrons from the hydrogen fusion and being insanely dirty, was left off.
Oh, a bit of trivia, Tsar Bomba was detonated a week before I was born.
that explains it!
Wouda been something with a uranium aTamper. 💯 MEGATONS
@@JohnSmith-fg6pt doesn't really scale well though. The fireball basically nearly was above the atmosphere, where it'd have no real effect. That diminishes the shockwave and thermal effect front tremendously. So, bang for buck, 50 MT is about as big as can be and remain effective.
excellent graphics & explanation.. deserves a like tick... keep em coming
One correction. The Plutonium spark plug doesn't start with the heat. It starts with the burst of neutrons from the primary stage. The first stage heat from the outside and the second stage from the Plutonium spark plug is what compresses the hydrogen/ lithium atoms to start the second stage fusion.
The shock from the thermal radiation acting on the secondary also compressed the sparkplug into supercriticallity.
Yup the spark plug rod can be made of either HEU or Pu239. It is usually encased in thin beryllium at the center of the secondary subassembly. It works by the outer DU casing (called the pusher and tamper) fissioning from the fast neutrons from the primary. This energy compresses the LiD fusion mix to extreme temperatures as the Li in it soaks up neutrons forming tritium. Next, the neutrons make it to the beryllium cladding in the middie where the neutrons get amplified by the metal undergoing a fisioning process of its own. Each neutron becomes 2. This triggers the spark plug to promptly fission and this energy heats the DT soup to fusion temperatures. This reaction generates a lot more neutrons that cause the remains of the pusher, tamper, and even the bomb casing itself to fission.
I honestly don't even know how we evolved to the point of this level of understanding like how did we go from medieval to this is just 500 years
"Let's assume the bum has already been released from the bummer".
I can't help but hear the words "bum" and "bummer" every time he says bomb and bomber, which is rather interesting. I'm not knocking the narrator because his English is far superior to my second language. Well...I don't even have a second language, so definitely not criticising. It's just funny hearing him talk about bums and bummers, is all. 😂
this is a very good explanation, thank you so much sir
tow stage were by each 1st staged caused the super compression of the 2nd stage. 234 neutrons per square micro cm. Based on Childs toy of gun powder between tow bolts in a nut.
What?
What's a micro cm?
Awesome. Gonna go make one in my mums shed.
As callen8000 already mentioned below, the statement "two more of the same atoms are generated" is completely wrong and shows that the person who created this video doesn't understands basics of fission. After seeing such a major error, it's hard to take the whole video seriously.
Just curious, if the fission wouldn't happen unless the explosive sphere compressed equally, wouldn't the second stage need the same thing around it?
You don't NEED to compress it equally, you just need to make sure it compresses sufficiently. Chemical explosives just don't work fast enough to compress as much as is needed if the detonation is uneven as material will "leak" out through the holes in the detonation sphere as if they were a gun barrel instead of continuing to compress.
The pressure and heat from the fission are several orders of magnitude higher and can mostly bypass that problem. The force and pressure are applied faster than the material can be pushed out of the way, even when it has plenty of directions to go.
@@andrew34765 thanx!
No, because the second stage produces a huge neutron flux.
@@Quickcat21MK It's literally compression, nothing to do with the energy state of the matter. Density is what sets the reaction off.
When the nuclei fission they generate a few neutrons that are capable of fissioning more nuclei. The material needs to be dense enough that the neutrons generated by one fission event generate more than one fission event elsewhere in the warhead before escaping to create the exponentially scaling chain reaction that makes the explosion.
When you compress everything, the nuclei being closer together decreases the probability that a neutron will escape the core without hitting another fissile nucleus. From ~0.95 to a value greater than 1, starting the chain reaction.
The plutonium sphere has to be compressed equally because a sphere will tend to pancake when it is asymmetrically squashed. The second stage is a fusion reaction in a product that does not have a critical mass like plutonium, therefore it is not squashed but instead bombarded by x rays which force the fusion fuel to become so dense it overcomes electrostatic repulsion and the atoms nuclei touch each other at high temperature and pressure causing fusion. It is an entirely different mechanism causing fission by lowering the critical mass, than that of causing fusion via high pressure and temperature.
Waw... the big bom bro....👍👍👍
6 minutes to explain something that happens in nanoseconds.
Supposedly, the Tzar Bomba had 3 separate fusion chambers, one behind the other. This was meant to intensify the hydrogen fusion yield.
It wss originally designed to be a 100 mt bomb, but the technichians wisely decided to use LEAD to contain the lithium deuteride of the third flask to limit the yield to only about 50 mt. This is the only reason that the TU-95 bomber crew were able to escape certain death by incineration.
Lol... He could not find the blueprint😂😅😊😊
Although it may be inaccurate in some places, this is an excellent simple explanation of how this thermonuclear device worked. More needs to be declassified to get a more accurate picture. Hopefully, you'll update this video when new details are made available.
Yeah, everybody has the right to make and possess thermonuclear weapons, right?
No matter how many components you can get to make a thermonuclear device (not many), you still need highly enriched plutonium or uranimun. Try and get some ... idiot.
Wonderful detailed explanation thank you the destruction is unbelievable in its distance from centre
Both fascinating and frightening.
however, if you saw Trinity and Beyond, you could see the inside of the Tsar bomb and the actual inside is not quite the same as this diagram is showing.
Thanks for all your work.
so did it only have 2 devices or more?
@@Quickcat21MK 7 hydrogen nukes in the tsar bomba you saying?
@@ARCSTREAMS Only 1 was made.
@@drscopeify not what im asking
Hopefully I don’t sound stupid here but what happens if only the primary exploded? Would the bomb itself not explode and remain intact? Or would it explode still just with like 1/3 of the power it could have had?
If for some reason the 2nd (or later stages) don't go off, then you'll just have a normal atomic bomb with a much lower yield.
It would have produce an explosive yield on the order of 1% what it actually did.
This is called "fizzle". The "Castle Koon" shoot of Operation Castle - Bikini Atol; was a example of "fizzle", of the expected a yield of 1 Mt, result only 110 Kt, the secondary stage don't ignite, due design error.
Other is the "Ruth " test, the result explosion was smaller and are not able even to destroy completely the 61 meters tower wheres the bomb sit.
Надо такие кинуть на ту рассу которая себя считает выше других.
They should have put popcorn inside so they could have a snack later.
And a cow for butter, gotta have some butter flavor.
1 million tons of popcorn
I’ve seen some videos of scientist working on the czar bomb with Russia laboratories, and surprisingly the bomb looks very empty. It only has pods of unknown material visible. In the structure.
some things are top secret.if you saw what you saw in those pictures,its only what "THEY"want you to see.
Those are the tertiary stages.
@@Evan_Bell another word the scientist shut the panel to an empty bomb
Very good
Id be interested to see how MIRVs for nukes work. As they seem a lot smaller and produce larger mega-tonnage.
Physically smaller devices used in MIRV payloads are generally lower yield ("megatonage")
You are really interested to SEE this happen???
MIRVS generally operate in the dozens to low hundreds of kilotons range.
Cam you give me a source for some of the resources. Im having trouble finding them on amazon.
Excellent, clear explanation of a complex subject.
How interesting
Wait the weight shouldnt matter. They would have needed a parashoot no matter what. Once something weighs a certain amount doesnt how much more it weighs it cant fall faster
The parachute retarding was used so that the carrying aircraft and crew MIGHT survive the initial burst and the ground reflection!
Am I Understanding right that the casing around the whole bomb is strong enough to hold the initial fission reaction and create the pressure needed for the fusion? Or is it just that the energy being given off all around the second stage causes the compression? Just trying to understand how the pressure is being held long enough for the fusion stage?
Inertial confinement. The bomb components cannot overcome their inertia and disassemble before the reaction goes to completion in a few 10's of nanoseconds.
I still think that nuclear fission reaction is real and can be applied in warfare but regarding Hydrogen-bomb I do have doubts as humans are unable of carrying out controlled nuclear fusion reaction so far and what they claim about this two stage fission/fusion reaction in thermonuclear bomb appears to be a hoax.
Full of inaccuracies.
Bilder absolut 👍🏻
"Unfortunately we couldn't find a blueprint..."
*well, guess why sherlock*
At 4:31: "two more of the same atoms are generated..." Not true. Fission of a heavy nucleus literally splits the nucleus apart, into two daughter nucleii which have atomic numbers roughly half that of the parent nucleus. These are also called fission products.
Do those electrical impulses have to reach their termini at the same time and if so, does that mean that the ones closer to the source have to be timed more slowly so they go off at the same time as the further ones? Cool!
According to Einstein there is 16PT joules in kilogram matter. Roughly 20Mt. Modern nukes efficiency is 10-15Kt per kg.A lot of room for improvement :)
The explanation at 4:35 is incorrect. The atoms from fission are not the same. They can be two of several combinations, each with different half-lifes, and emitting different radiation as they decay into other atoms.
The design is very human!
The most frightening aspect, there's no physical limit on how big of a bomb can be made. 100 megatons or 10 gigatons...
my brain explodes while try to understand.
How loud is the bang?
Salamat madafaka
Tank you por mayking a bideo about nuclear pyousion and pizhin.
Berry well done.
Salamat. Madafaka.
Its so powerful this bombs
I think it's like America's "MOAB" The Mother Of All Bomb's Ending In The King Of All Bomb's.
😂😂😂😂
Not Earth friendly with the non-recyclable styrofoam core.
Scary
Fission doesn’t create two copies of the original atom when you add a neutron, like you state around 4:35.
Because of its weight? Unless there are wings or a parachute all bombs fall at the same speed.
Ah yes, physics.
The bomb had a parachute, and was dropped as the plane was climbing to give it sort of a "toss" so the plane would have more time to clear the blast radius, even then they told the crew it was a coin toss whether or not they'd make it.
Edit: Also, besides having to be modified to carry the bomb, the plane was given special paint to help mitigate the thermal radiation it would absorb.
Why is the 2H and 3H injected from an external reservoir in the primary? Is there even enough time for the gas to travel through the lines into the hollow pit if it happens simultaneously to the explosion of the fast explosive?
I think TSAR used the primary to ignite a secondary small fusion reaction in at least 2 nuclear bombs opposite of each other with the large third stage in between these two to focus the energy.
I still think that nuclear fission reaction is real and can be applied in warfare but regarding Hydrogen-bomb I do have doubts as humans are unable of carrying out controlled nuclear fusion reaction so far and what they claim about this two stage fission/fusion reaction in thermonuclear bomb appears to be a hoax.
How works the RDS-6 thermonuclear soviet bomb?
It goes "KA-BOOM!"
RDS-6S is not thermonuclear bomb, it is boosted nuclear weapon (and RDS-27 too). First two-stage thermonuclear Soviet bomb is RDS-37.
Your describing a Teller designed bomb. The Soviet bomb was a fission bomb surrounded by alternating layers of plutonium and lithium dueteride. Andrei Sakharov called it a layer cake device.
Слойка Сахорова это усилинеая атомная бомба,а не полноценная термоядерная
@@krokohui Используя чередующиеся слои, содержащие соединение дейтерия и уран-238, Сахаров концептуализировал дизайн Сахаров назвал "Слойку" по лучевой ионизационной компрессии дуэтида лития и урана 238!
Can do trial?
Good explanation 😅
Its interior probably does not look like this because it is not a two-stage bomb (the video is wrong there), it is a three-stage bomb. Moreover, even the two-stage bombs don't look like this as what all videos on the subject show is the principle, not the actual 'blueprint'. The actual bluprint is classivied and we can only guess what it might look like. In short, this video does not teach us much about thermonuclear weapons, but it demonstrates how youtube works: anybody who has mastered some basic CGI graphics becomes an expert on everything.
You can see a declassified video that shows the guts of it. It has 6 thermonuclear primary modules inside of 9Mt a piece. The tertiary stage would have been a cylinder of DU filled with lithium deuteride and a rod of HEU or plutonium. This assembly is rougly the size of a 100 gallon propane tank in the middle of the device. Also the bombs casing was originally to be made of DU around the 6 primary subassemblies but they decided on lead to keep the device at 50kt and to keep the same throw weight. Had they went all in, the device would have made well over 120Mt, 50Mt from the primaries, 50Mt from the tertiary, and 20 to 30Mt from the casing.😮
I really want to know what would happen if the bomb took 1 minute to detonate instead of 600 billionths of 1 second? If the heat that it produced (100 million degrees) lasted more than it did, would there be even more fire damage caused from the explosion? Because I can imagine if that heat and radiation was emitted for 1 whole minute it would have that much more time to fry everything that it did for about 59 more seconds than it did in less than 1 second.
I hope someone can answer this for me!
Idk bro
I dont know about how it works with Nuclear devices, but I'm guessing that it will always be an instantaneous explosion lasting millionths of a second when the bomb is first detonated, but the actual fireball will last longer the bigger the yield is , because it causes a bigger explosion? just like say, if you set a small amount of petrol on fire, it goes off instantly, but only lasts a short time, because of the small amount of fuel, but say, 50 litres, will go off just as quickly, but burn longer because of the larger amount of fuel. I'm not sure. maybe someone else will know more.
@catey62 that makes sense!
100 million degrees will probably destroy anything organic or man-made on the ground instantly. It doesn't need a whole minute to do it.
now i wanna make one at home and test it🤓
Its just about how much neutrons you can create in the fission reaction right?
no
The pit, or core of the bomb in an implosion style device is never going to be made of U235. To produce U235 is extremely labour intensive, and is only attempted by countries that do not have nuclear reactors that can produce plutonium. The USA's electrical power grid devoted 10% of it's annual output to refining the Uranium used for the Hiroshima bomb, which is an astronomical amount in my opinion. Also a uranium core has to be far larger than a plutonium core, and would have to undergo greater compression to trigger it into a supercritical state. I'm not even sure if it would be efficient enough to react sufficiently before the weapon blew itself apart. Uranium U235 bombs tend to be of the gun type such as Little Boy.
There are so many more points I have to make but for brevity, Tsar Bomba was a multi-stage fission fusion fission fusion fission type weapon in all probability - 5 stages, using Plutonium core, Uranium tamper, Lithium Deuteride and Tritium, with a Polonium 210 and Beryllium neutron generator. It is quite remarkable that the USSR was able to fit this into a deliverable package. They were far ahead of the USA in that respect. The Castle Bravo bomb that the USA built could not be delivered and was built into a 5 storey building on an island - completely undeliverable.
Ivy Mike was not a transportable device, Castle Bravo was weaponized almost as tested as the Mk-17/23 and carried by the Convair B-36, the only USAF craft capable of that at the time. Also the USSR produced more weapons grade Uranium than the USA, more than 130 metric tons.
"This weapon was used by the Soviet Union in the Second World War...." mmm... I don't think so. It was tested long after WW2.
Instead of America Soviet Union didn't use nuclear weapons in ww2
how is the central pit of uranium is suspended in that "void" part?
Throttling it down was a lost opportunity.
The Secondary section is mostly hollow, as can be seen at 5:25, in this declassified video of Tsar Bomba :
ruclips.net/video/Swmcldi_jc4/видео.html 0:02
I read somewhere that the reason it wasn’t 100 mega ton was it pretty much snuffed itself when detonated. It had more fuel than it could react with?
No, the reason was that a 100MT bomb would have had so much explosive force that the pilots wouldn't have had enough time to get away from the blast and fireball.
Do you have a schematic for the 50,000 Megaton cobalt salted device
No such device ever existed.
@@Evan_Bell As far as we know but it can
@@J4-kjtdr8775 Sure, but why would anyone have a schematic for something that never existed?
@@Evan_Bell Think about what your saying. How many times in history have humans made a schematic of something that never existed ?
@@J4-kjtdr8775 Never, it always existed at least in concept.
You might as well be asking for a schematic of a electronic toilet brush powered by a micro sterling engine driven by warm breath with a mouthpiece that would only fit the stegosaurus.
No such thing exists. Why would anyone have a schematic for it?
Why would the guy who made this video have a schematic for a 50Gt Cobalt device? Who would have created such a schematic? Why would such a schematic exist?
As far as is known, no weapon of such yield was even conceived, yet alone got to the engineering development stage at which engineering drawings would have been produced.
It's a stupid question.
The animations of fission at 02:05 and 04:15 are incorrect. Fission is the splitting of a nucleus into several smaller nuclei, but your animation shows it splitting into 2 nuclei that are just as large as the original.
I believe the tzar Bomba had a tertiary stage also....
Me. Too
Yeah, it had 3 stages. Idk how was the tertiary stage, but in the documentary or declassified video, in the interior had little "cells" that probably was the 3rd stage...
Just a heads-up, everything discussed in this video is a speculation. Even design of the shell of the Tsar bomb is still classified, let alone design of the bomb itself.
There's a Russian RUclips channel called Radiation Hazard that has a video about this bomb, but the supposed design of the bomb is different. The cyllindric design of the second stage is characteristic to American bombs, whereas Russians have always preferred spheres instead. The Tsar bomb might have had several such spheres as second stage.
Dialable yield warhead. Dialed down from 100 megaton to 50 resulting in minimal fallout
What do I think? This is some complicated and sick stuff.
Scary..
Thank you for saying Atef is a bomba
Your description is of a “Teller” design of a hydrogen bomb. The Soviets used a “layer cake” design with alternating layers of deuterium and uranium 238.
Unfortunately, There are a couple of myths that this video repeats unknowingly, spreading the false knowledge.
Those are:
1) The thermonuclear reactions of deuterium are misunderstood which leads to (2).
2) The true purpose of the sparkplug is misunderstood and misreported.
3) The true purpose of the polystyrene (or other filler) is misunderstood and misreported.
4) The fusor neutron source is omitted from the story.
5) The first stage charge shown is optimized for standalone use and not optimized for the role of the primary. Hydrogen bomb would use lighter and weaker primary, with less tamper.
6) The role of slow high explosive in the implosion system is misreported.
7) The mean free path of the fast neutrons is greatly exaggerated.
8) Thermonuclear burn in compressed LiD is a millimeter thin surface (radiation dominated shock) not the volumetric burn at least initially.
9) Nuclear fission doesn't care about heat in zeroes approximation and in first approximation it is negatively impacted by heat if you analyze disassembly.
10) The shape of the bomb suggests that the main stage was spherical and placed at the middle of the bomb housing to utilize the width.
Carey Sublette's Nuclear Weapon Archive can be consulted for the details, in particular chapter 4.
nuclearweaponarchive.org/Nwfaq/Nfaq4.html
What is the difference between chain reaction in nuclear weapons and reactors?
The only and the major difference is that in nuclear reactors the chain reaction is controlled using control rods ( made up of boron that soak up the neutrons ), hence known as controlled reaction. Whereas in nuclear weapons there's no such control, their purpose is to react violently causing massive destruction.
In nuclear reactors, you manage to reach the critical mass where the fission of one nucleus makes one neutron that breaks a nucleus and son on and you manage to stabilize it so that the core doesn't go super-critical. In nuclear weapons, the goal is to reach and go beyond the critical mass by several times to have an exponential chain reaction to have the maximum of energy released before the fissile material is pulverized by the explosion (for Fat Man bomb, the destructive energy released was the fact on only a few grams of plutonium).
This is all wrong. The Tsar Bomba actually has 5 small bombs inside it. There are lots of tech meterial on it.