That's a general rule; anything beyond a z-score of 3.29 is highly unlikely to occur. 99.95% of scores in a normal distribution will have z-score smaller that 3.29 as an absolute value.
I know your steps to identify Univariate Outliers, but my problem is what have to do with those extreme values? do we have to remove them or keep them such that way in SPSS data set?... you know I tried to remove them from cells SPSS data set in order to include data set for being processed in my model of AMOS software. But something weird gone wrong that my AMOS process won't work, due to missing values I removed them from SPSS data set. I think It has to do between missing data set in SPSS and AMOS data file for processing my model. So.. do I have to add for new ID data to complete and renew the blank values? what are your answers and suggestions for my whole questions and statements?
@@akramabdulsamad7282 Thanks An outlier designation then occurs when an observation falls well to the outer boundaries of the distribution of values, many times identified as cases with standardized values of +-3, which makes them quite unique in terms of that characteristic (Hair, 2019)
That's a general rule; anything beyond a z-score of 3.29 is highly unlikely to occur. 99.95% of scores in a normal distribution will have z-score smaller that 3.29 as an absolute value.
This was very clear and helpful thank you!
I know your steps to identify Univariate Outliers, but my problem is what have to do with those extreme values? do we have to remove them or keep them such that way in SPSS data set?... you know I tried to remove them from cells SPSS data set in order to include data set for being processed in my model of AMOS software. But something weird gone wrong that my AMOS process won't work, due to missing values I removed them from SPSS data set. I think It has to do between missing data set in SPSS and AMOS data file for processing my model. So.. do I have to add for new ID data to complete and renew the blank values? what are your answers and suggestions for my whole questions and statements?
I wanted to ask if I have a Scale (like a total of 6 items) is it then a univariate outlier or a multivariate outlier? Thanks!
Hello Siobhan,
Thanks for your video, is there any reference on this? Thanks
Hello Siobhan,
You mention the Z value should be + or - 3.29. What is the Basis for this? Most readings I have are based on + or - 3.0
+Student 77, which references do you have for the Z score?
@@EdvanAguiarEA I think, Hair 2017 pointed out
@@akramabdulsamad7282 Thanks
An outlier designation then occurs when an observation falls well to the outer boundaries of the distribution of values, many times identified as cases with standardized values of +-3, which makes them quite unique in terms of that characteristic (Hair, 2019)