Homo sapiens: Last of the Hominins
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- Опубликовано: 29 сен 2024
- We've finally made it to modern humans, which emerged around 300 thousand years ago in Africa. We are the only surviving hominin species. Where can we find the earliest evidence of our species? What sets us apart from the other species we have examined? Let's get some clarity and wrap up our study of biological anthropology!
Script by Erika of Gutsick Gibbon: / gutsickgibbon
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It's good that you mentioned the strong evidence for the out of Africa theory. There are certain groups of people who try to argue against it in favour of a very racist and backwards ideology.
You are right, but on the other hand, it gave an excuse for African r@cists supremacists. The facts do not matter for r@cists. A "pure" human is obviously not better than any other. But they would still keep believing that.
Fricking Neanderthals!😅
IE Robert Sepher
"We cant be from Africa because I'm not black"
@@zachattack1279 I would have never known about that @$$hat if it weren't for Gutsick Gibbon.
This is great, thank you Dave and Erika!
Gutsick Gibbon!🎉
The goat channel of youtube, back again this time with anthropology.
It actually covers a lot more than goats
Sometimes I think about what it would be like if other types of humans did survive into the modern day. One can't even fathom how different everything would've been.
I'd imagine horrific amounts of specism (or whatever the equivalent to racism for this case would be) would be present.
@@zbz5505 "I can't be speciesist! I have a Denisovan friend!"
@@zbz5505It'd still be racism. Just another flavor of racist defending themselves as I'm Not Racist It's Totally Not The Same, Guys™.
Things wouldnt be that much different ... we would have just had different classes of slaves.
from gutsick gibbons channel ive seen that the last neanderthal populations were extremely isolated genetically, while not being isolated geographically.
they might have inbred themselves out of existence?
So strange how theres such overwhelming evidence to support our evolution and some will still attempt deny it
Hi yes I deny it. God created the earth
@@undine8750 you have evidence to support this "god's" existence or the creation?
@@talfriedman1265 you are barking up the wrong tree, the best solution is to ignore random creationists on the internet, that way they lose all power in the digital world.
I promise you if we originated in Europe, a lot of people wouldn't be fighting evolution as much as they do now.
@@talfriedman1265 ive got faith in the Lord Jesus Christ
One factor the Neanderthals weren't good at was running, due to their hip anatomy. So their hunts would have been different from the long distance tracking of Sapiens, for whom running and hiking are still generally enjoyable. Migration was also harder for Neanderthals.
Neanderthal liked nuts and tubers according to the way their teeth wore
Genuine question, what do you mean by their hip anatomy?
@@laluwahyupiw The angle between the hip joint and the femur is different
They also had differently shaped shoulder blades/joints that would make things like throwing spears and bows inconvenient if not impossible to fully utilize as well. Equally important to the proficiency Homo Sapiens have in long distance travel is the fact Sapiens are the only ones who developed and are able to make full use of long range weaponry rather than relying on exclusively thrusting spears as the pinnacle.
do you think these physical differences influenced the interactions between Neanderthals and early modern humans?
The problem with the phrasing of "humans come from Africa" is that people confuse taxonomical origin of humans with cultural origin of humans. Africa wasnt called Africa at the time, and it certainly didnt have the same cultural paradigm by any means that you would recognize in modern society.
Im sorry to break it to the "we wuz kangs" krew, but evolutionary origins in Africa are not CULTURAL origins in africa. Anthropology is not equal to archaeology. While there is overlap, they do not define one another on a solid basis.
Great work, Professor!
I really recommend "Sapiens" by Yuval Naoh Harari
Although it is quite thick and needs some patience to finish it, it really is worth it.
The only animal with a god complex
I'm sorry have you ever met a cat 😂
@@MrGorillafist I stand corrected
And the only animal with a god. Both equally ridiculous.
@@TotallyRat_ yeah
I like your teaching style, targeted at your audience, succinct but still rich of important informations.👏🏼👏🏼
He has the best teaching style in the world!
All the good archeological sites are out in the sahara
Definitely! Milo Rossi (miniminuateman) has a great video about the African Humid Period
Seeing early homo sapiens, still with the brow ridge and slightly sloped cranium, left me speechless. I just stared into their eyes and was left with an immense feeling of joy and sorrow. That was a person, long ago. To see where we came from to where we are.
Everything related to the history, of well, everything, is fascinating to me. Geology, paleoclimatology, paleoanthropology, archaeology, paleontology. Definitely a field(s) of study im going into. They you for this professor dave
Read the title as “Last of the homies”
Well tbh we are the last of the homies😂
Absolutely magnificent content, amazing literature, keep creating content.
I just love Science!
It _is_ pretty fraking awesome.
science is also becoming dangerous. neurotechnology is very dangerous and elon musk's crew isnt stopping.
Nerd.
How did they build the megalithic structure? Why did they do this?
Probably used chisels and wanted to do agricultural
"Homo sapiens: Last of the Hominins" sounds like a movie title
The last movie in an epic series that spans a million years.
One of the best channels on youtube
When you confronted with undeniable evidence of massive proportions, it's really hard to just ignore it. But the faith benders will always find a way to add value to thier ignorance. I used to be one gang just let go and accept your world view is changing. And that's OK. You can still believe in a god but evolution is most certainly real.
Sup Dave. Love your videos. Your also hilarious
Good morning, cya :)
So the first Homo Sapiens was found in Morocco?
Told you Moroccans are the best people around!
Even Prof. Dave says it. :)
I never understood the obsession with chipped rocks as tools- we can even see monkeys today making similar tools to help get food ie crack nuts.
Watching this playlist as I have done a couple of times, I feel the music should become annoying, but it doesn't, I like it :)
Ah yes, i was going to say, linkage disequilibrium and heterozygosity, got it. Damn i feel dumb, lol.
Great video, thank you very much , note to self(nts) watched …… 5:23 twice
Love this series, just brilliantly done. ❤
i just noticed, when did dave became badass damn?
I respectfully do not think that H. Sapiens Sapiens is the last of the hominidae family of bipedal hominids. It might be that hominids could come after us who have thicker bottoms on their feet and thicker backsides on their fingers so they would look a bit like paws at first glance. They will not be paws but these parts of the skin will be thicker. Just a personal thought.
Our cousins are cool and stuff but can they crank the 90s near Loot Lake along with the Balkan rage Brazilian Jeremy Fragrance phonk bro, jelqmaxxing to Milkyray's damp socks while listening to the Tawk Tuah podcast? Don't think so
@@Azumagoat-Daioh not only could they it's what got them killed off in the end 🥲
I might dispute the timeline and path for peopling the Americas
Hard to believe anyone would want to leave Africa.
Did you miss or leave out the White Sands date of people clearly attested in modern-day New Mexico between 21,000 and 23,000 years ago?
I already passed my anthro classes, but I checked up to have some fun lol. Only thing I still want to know is how much denisova or Neanderthal dna crossed into the new world.
Depends on the population. Northern Europeans have the most Neanderthal DNA with some people having as high as 4%, though most of even them have closer to 1-2% with the same being true is the rest of europe and much of asia. Native Oceanians like the people of New Guinea and Fiji can have as much as 4-6% Denisovan DNA, with again asians and most oceanians also having a good bit less than that, and europeans almost never rising above 2%. Indigenous Americans (which is what i assume you meant by new world) tend to have similar mixture to East Asians with some populations having a higher archaic human mixture than east asians due to being separated from Europe and Africa, with about 1-2% Neanderthal DNA and 0.05%-0.2% Denisovan DNA as the usual highmarks.
But this is also taking into account that in the Denisovan genomes from the Denisova Cave that have been sequenced as much as 17% of their DNA was from relatively local Neanderthal populations, so carrying Denisovan DNA kind of goes hand in hand with carrying Neanderthal DNA, though Denisovan DNA is nearly undetectable in populations many areas of the world.
Modern Subsaharan African populations are the only groups who tend to have minimal to no Neanderthal/Denisovan DNA at all depending on which population you choose, because most of the interbreeding happened outside of Africa
Ahhh! i love my homies❤
I is not that “Ali g “
FALSE. Those people are only 6000 years old, and they rode dinosaurs into war against hell! Have you never played "Doom?!"
I believe in DOOM 3 and and newer DOOM games imply that it was an extremely advanced extinct extraterrestrial race (that look like angels) whom literally led to the progress of the human race and left various technology including weapons behind when they fought a war against another extraterrestrial race (that looks like demons) thus where the believe of the forces of heaven and the forces of hell eventually came into humanity religious faith.
Humans were in North America 23000 to 21000 years ago. All the way down in the southern US.
Also has there been any evidence of humans and Neanderthals at the same time? Like both skeletons buried together or something.
Well, a large brow ridge isn't an important characteristic for classification Homo sapiens. Some people today still have them
Very few individuals do and even then it’s still smaller than other human species
I've seen a lot of numbers on when the first Australians arrived. It might have been better to specify that the earliest firm archaeological evidence is from 46,000 years ago but that there's potential trace fossils that predate that number by quite a bit, with most estimates in the 50-60,000 year range. (There's also the outside possibility of that date being even earlier, but I'm doing a degree with the specific goal of either proving or disproving that outside possibility, so I wouldn't want or expect you to claim to know that for sure.)
How Professor Dave. I can’t PM u but can you address this Bigfoot rubbish that’s out there. The more the docs on Bigfoot the more the fools.
Great video, but next time please provide insults we may hurl at non globular skulled individuals in case scientists someday choose to revive other hominids like Jurassic Park.
Last of the hominins for now.
Holy coincedence, i just asked myself today, what would i wanted to ask professor Dave. And it was, if Homo sapiens are going be to the last evolution of us :D
I wonder what the lions thought when they saw a 30-40 individual group of bipedal, tall apes with spears and other tools...
Thanks
I once had someone try and tell me that humans first evolved in norway, after i was sharing some of the real history of our african origin. Frustrating, when the evidence is so conclusive.
I don't know if it is conclusive. I wonder if there is evidence that the neanderthal evolved outside of Africa. We are all part neanderthal
😭 norway is such a random place to pick as well
Why do we know how many pairs of chromosomes Denisovans had, but not Neanderthals ?
The Wachowskis seem to have a pattern of creating films that are more ambitious than what they could deliver competently. I still love it though
4:51 Is it likely that the climate change during this gene mutation is a data point in the larger phenomenon when we’ve seen in past rapid mutation from other threatening environmental factors? Is there any progess on identifying what is specifically doing that in DNA across multiple species, like a gene or sequence of them?
😚
How can we recognize that homosapiens are evolving.
Edit: how do we know that there arent a species that is more evolved, living amongst us? Or how do one of us know that we are one of the more evolved species and or friend isnt ?
I know that this process takes many many many thiusands years lol but surely evolution wont stop with us
The problems lie in the sheer amount og time evolution takes. We sadly cannot see evolution as is mostly thought of by looking at one human lifespan. We have no reason to believe there is a more advanced species of human than us, and thus we don’t believe there is. There might be a more advanced species somewhere in the universe, but we haven’t found them or any traces og the
. There’s a lot of stuff we sadly can’t see or know in our lifespans.
@@JensErikAndreasen yes. I know that. I was creating a hypothetical scenario. Sorry I wasn't clear.
If it was faster, is what I am adding to the mix. Much faster
Great series.
Wait this was a recent video? That means I will have to wait? Well no problem with that there is more I have pending to watch either way 😅
❤❤
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We are the last indeed, humanity is doomed beyond doubt!
It so happens that I am a homo sapien. And I come from a long line of homo sapiens.
So nice man. Really good work on the video, flowed well. Almost unbelievable that so much information is condensed into 6 minutes. Your catalog is really beginning to be very rich.
Thanks for another great video!
I have a globular brain within an egg shell. 😊
Swamidass and william lane craigh
aww geez these guys STINK
Thanks, Dave and Erika! This series is great. Can't wait to binge watch it all over in one sitting! 👍
Last of the hominins to this date...
Googledebunker hehe
The last of the homienins. 😔
101 comments here now.
Pls refute swamidass
Bigfoot bruh... 😉
amazing work
Dave your grammer seemed a little off today
This guy
-Calls out Dave for “Grammer” being “off”
-Also can’t spell grammar correctly💀
You didn’t even punctuate your sentence.
YAY! That was so good!
Second !!!!!!!!!!!
bravo
Didn't the common ancestor of Neanderthals and Denisovans also originally come from Africa too?
Yes, all Hominins originated in africa if you go far enough back. Neanderthals, Denisovans, and Modern Humans are currently mostly thought to have evolved from Homo Heidelbergensis, though Homo Erectus before Heidelbergensis also managed to leave Africa at least once as well (hence species such as homo floresiensis). Homo Heidelbergensis is most likely the descendent of Homo Ergaster, which is sometimes seen as its own species that evolved while staying in Africa and other times simply seen as a subspecies of Erectus that only slightly diversified while again staying in Africa and therefore just referred to as African Homo Erectus depending on who you ask and their source. Homo Heidelbergensis was also formerly seen as just a subspecies of Homo Erectus itself but it is almost always now seen as its own species as far as I can tell, but the Common Ancestry and Descent of these late hominins and Genus Homo as a whole is more like a "Family Bush" as opposed to a "Family Tree" with the majority if not all of these species having interbred with the other closely related species i mentioned that were around at the same time, so its still a matter of debate exactly which species are directly descended from which and exactly at what time each new species or subspecies became its own thing.
@@JubioHDX In a species name, only the genus is capitalised.
Ta for another one
hi dave
Am i the last of the Hominins 😊
lets sure hope not
Professor dave. Brow ridges are a big sign of testosterone during puberty in men. And they have been diminishing in size in the last few million years.
Sexual dimorphism has also reduced over the years. And physical differences between men and women come from testosterone itself.
So can we say that testosterone levels have been dropping in men throughout human evolution??
Yes. Nearly all skulls of Homo Sapiens found 80k+ years ago found higher levels of testosterone than in modern humans, but this is more of a negative than you might think. Its more likely than not that hightened hormone levels made community building far more difficult than it is today. Its thought that roughly 65k years ago is when anatomically modern humans began this drop in testosterone and behavior began to change into what is referred to as "behavioral modernity" after over 100k years of Humans being roughly anatomically modern but not changing all that much. Within 10k years Homo Sapiens began to head towards spreading out of africa and interbreeding with the other slightly more archaic species of humans that were alive at the time, and within another 10k-15k years Homo Sapiens were the only species of humans left. Another 5k years and Humans began domesticating dogs, and within another 15k years after that Humans were beginning to understand agriculture, cultivating the first livestock, and living in primitive permanent settlements. Add in another 20k years or so and youre the cusp of megalithic sites like Gobekli Tepe emerging along with an agricultural revolution taking place simultaneously all over the world, from the middle east, to africa, to europe and asia, and the americas.
Youre right that lowered hormone leveles like decreased testosterone levels has been happening for a long time, causing things like decreased brow ridges, shorter faces, and overall more retained neoteny, but its also that same thing that is a major player in the creation of human civilization as a whole
It's a secret cabal of woke eugenicists from 100,000 years ago! 😂
tripe
??@@Dr.Ian-Plect
No, you cant say that, because IF brow ridges actually are a big sign of testosterone during puberty ... than it could just mean that brow ridges are no longer a big sign of testosterone during puberty.
So, are sapiens, Neanderthals and Denisovans all one species then? If not, I thought part of the definition of speciation was lack of ability to interbreed, so they couldn't have been subsumed into sapiens through interbreeding if they were separate species?
@@spinnetti tigers and lions can interbreed 🤷 what is or what isnt a species is just fuzzy
In one of Gutsick Gibbon's (who has been doing the scripts for this series) videos, she talks about biology's dirty little secret - that there's really no such thing as 'species'.
Species is a made up word by humans for classification. Nature doesnt define things like we do, so the distinction is blurry at best. Tigers and Lions can also interbreed, with some of the offspring being fertile and some of them not, the same goes for Horses with donkeys, sturgeon with paddlefish, and plenty of other animals. If you ask me its likely this was the case with Homo Sapiens interbreeding with Homo Neanderthalensis and Homo Denisova. Much of the children were probably fertile, and sometimes they probably werent. But they were very clearly distinct animals outside of the range of being called the same species in the same way noone would call lions and tigers the same species. Just know that when it comes to human made classifications, theres always going to be exceptions built into it.
No humans have been found with a Neanderthal Y chromosome. That may mean that only some pairings were fertile, or only female mixes were fertile.
@@samanthagibson5791 nonsense
Fake
Stunning argument!
Wow!
I think your post was meant for a video on Answers in Genesis.
I find it so strange and amazing that no ancestors of homo sapiens survived anywhere in the world - like an island seperated from the mainland or the like. Id be curious what 'relatives' lasted the longest and what homo sapiens are the most distinct
The Aboriginal Australian look pretty distinct. Their skull structure look similar of that archaic humans.
@mhdfrb9971 it looks like that of an early / archaic homo sapiens but not another species.
@@fellowresearchertalloran well I didn't said the aboriginals were another species
@mhdfrb9971 you said they look like archaic humans.
archaic humans means non-homo sapiens homo. Like homo habilis/erectus/rudolfensis/neanderthal.
We always call homo sapiens modern humans no matter how old the individual is.
@@mhdfrb9971no, they aren’t, they are Homo sapiens
Evolution can do *SO* much better, but it'd take another six-billion years at the least.
🐲✨🐲✨🐲✨
"Before I start, I must see my end. Destination known, my mind's journey now begins. Upon my chariot, heart and soul's fate revealed. In time, all points converge; hope's strength, resteeled. But to earn final peace at the universe's endless refrain, we must see all in nothingness... before we start again."
🐲✨🐲✨🐲✨
--Diamond Dragons (series)
Thank you Dave❤❤
Love your content! I hope you continue making videos :). Have a great day!
professor Dave, whats your take on the replication crisis in psychology?
Thank you.
But golbekli tepe has aliens
Professor Dave, do you think we are going to turn into cyborgs?
Who says they aren't already here?
Do you think you could start doing videos on math, like Geometry, Algebra II, or Calculus? I like the way your videos teach people and it would be extremely helpful.
I have a very extensive math playlist with all of those topics.
@@ProfessorDaveExplains Okay thank you.
@@WeBareTheBears Wait until you learn about triple integrals
there are many theories that challenge out of africa theory..but say it is true it seems like those that left africa made many more adaptations than those that stayed. probably why russia and china aren’t tripling over themselves like americans to food their countries with them.
What an ignorant statement based on nothing.
Well that's totally ridiculous.
Sprechen Sie Englisch?
Earth is still flat bro
Hope you're joking...
get new material, this bait is from 3000BCE
troll elsewhere, sweetie