I'll try to write the language families of Europe as best as I can! I.Indo-European: 1.Romance: a.Western: -Italian -Neapolitan -Sicilian -Istriot -Friulian -Ladin -Piedmontese and Lombard (could be considered the same language) -Ligurian -Emilian and Romagnol (considered dialects of the same language) -French (with its many creoles around the world) -Franco-Proveçal -Ventian -Occitan -Sardinian -Romanch -Catalan and Valencian (considered the same language) -Spanish (with many variants in America) -Ladino -Aragonese -Asturleonese and Mirandese (could be considered the same language) -Galician -Portuguese (different variant in Brazil) b.Eastern: -Romanian and Moldovan (considered the same language) -Aromanian -Megleno-Romanian -Istro-Romanian c.Modern Latin (no native speakers but still for administrative use) 2.Celtic: a.Brittonic: -Welsh -Breton -Cornish b.Godeiric: -Irish -Manx -Scottish Gaelic 3.Germanic: a.North Germanic: -Danish -Swedish -Norwegian -Faroese -Icelandic b.West Germanic: -High German (this includes Standard German and Yiddish and can be divided into many distinct dialects, Upper ones such as Bavarian and Swabian, and Central ones such as Luxembourgish and Franconian) -Low German (many dialects such as Saxon) -Frisian -Dutch (related to Afrikaans in Africa) -English (and its many creoles and variants worldwide) -Scots 4.Slavic: a.West Slavic -Polish -Slovakian -Czech -Sorbian -Kashubian -Silesian (not to be confused with Silesian German, which is a High German dialect) b.East Slavic -Russian -Belarusian -Rusyn -Ukrainian c.South Slavic -Slovene -Serbo-Croatian (includes Bosnian and Montenegrin) -Bulgarian and Macedonian (sometimes considered dialects of the same language, very controversial) 5.Baltic: -Latvian and Latgalian (sometimes considered the same language) -Lithuanian and Samogitian (sometimes considered the same language) 6. Iranian (this is a very large family in Asia, however I will only write the languages present in Europe): -Ossetian -Tat (closely related to Persian) 7.Indo-Aryan (just like Iranian, extremely diverse in Asia, not so much in Europe): -Romani (many variants of it) 8.Albanian 9.Hellenic: a.Attic: -Greek -Italiot b.Doric: -Tsakonian 10.Armenian (this language is spoken fully within Asia, however it is strongly associated with European culture) II.Uralic: 1.Samoyedic (these could also be considered Asian): -Enets -Nenets -Nganasan -Selkup 2.Permic: -Komi (many variants of it) -Udmurt 3.Sami (many variants of it) 4.Mari 5.Mordvinic: -Erzya -Moksha 6.Ugric: -Mansi -Khanty -Hungarian 7.Finnic: -Finnish -Estonian -Ingrian -Livonian -Veps -Votic -Karelian -Ludic III.Turkic (very diverse family throughout Europe and Asia, I will focus on Europe): 1.Oghur: -Chuvash 2.Oghuz: -Turkish -Gagauz -Azerbaijani 3.Kipchak: -Bashkir -Kumyk -Karachay-Balkar -Urum -Krymchak -Karaim -Kazakh -Volga Tatar -Dobrujan Tatar -Crimean Tatar -Nogai Tatar IV.Kartvelian: 1.Svan 2.Georgian-Zan: -Georgian -Mingrelian -Qivruli -Laz V.Afro-Asiatic: 1.Semitic: -Maltese VI.Mongolic (Asian family): -Kalmyk VII.Caucassian: 1.Northwest: a.Abkhaz b.Circassian: -Adygey -Cherkess -Kabardin 2.Northeast: a.Dagestani: -Agul -Avar -Dargin -Lak -Lezgin -Rutul -Tabasaran -Tsakhur b.Veinakh: -Ingush -Chechen VIII. Basque (language isolate, possibly the oldest language in Europe) I hope there's nothing that I omitted or miscategorized, but these should be most of them.
@@Xnoob545 when it comes to northern Eurasia, the cultural line between Europe and Asia gets very blurry to me. It's my personal perception of the Uralic people as Europeans that made me include it. I agree that Nganasan is spoken quite deep into Asia though, as are most Samoyedic languages, maybe excepting Nenets.
It’s great that you’re interested in Europe’s language diversity! But it’s worth remembering that, before Europeans arrived, North America also had an incredible variety of languages. Indigenous peoples spoke hundreds of unique languages, each tied deeply to their own cultures and lands. Many of these languages didn’t survive the impacts of colonization, but some are still spoken and preserved today. So, in a way, North America was once just as linguistically diverse as Europe!
@@IWrocker we have a lot of languages that are inherently seen as a last part of a culture that has been integrated into countries, like Sorbian or Friesian or the regional Low German in Germany. A lot of regions have completely lost their Low German because it was frowned upon and now people who grew up speaking it at one have died off. I grew up in a region where the only Low German we saw was one yearly motto for the annual Fair (Heimatsfest). Serbians and Friesians are protected groups inside of Germany, like the Sami are in Finland. So they have managed to scrape by from losing their languages completely, but it is an ongoing effort to keep these languages and cultures alive
Hungarian is related to Finnish and Estonian, that's why they were grouped together in the video, I guess. Finno-Ugric language family. Most of Europe speaks Indo-European language like Spanish, German or Russian. The other exceptions are Maltese (Arabic), basque (language isolate), Turkish and Tatar (Turkic), and Kalmyk (Mongolian).
@@IWrocker Off topic a bit; but how can you not have learned your wife's native language man? If not out of love and respect then surely out of self-interest. Trust me mate; you want to! Half my family is Cuban and I didn't spoke a word Spanish before any of them they were in my life except 'Dos Cervezas por favor', but man am I glad I forced myself to learn it at least to some degree. Hope you catch my drift here. ;)
Also, European languages have evolved for many hundreds of years. Romance languages (for example) date back more than a thousand years, so perhaps in a few centuries there will be as many descendants of English like there are now of Latin. Even now, Castillan Spanish sounds very different in many central and south American countries, which themselves sound different from what's spoken in Spain. The US (and Canada) are just younger.
19:07 No the Hungarian language is not a Slavic language, it has more relation to the Uralic languages such as Finnish and Estonian, but that is due to how the sentences are made. But it is really unique, nothing really like it in a sense that no other country uses the same vocabulary. Turkish has some common words with Hungarian but that is more due to our history. I recommend to learn about Hungarian history, it's an interesting one.
@@digidol52it’s because of lack of similarities with other languages. If you know French, German and English. Spanish, Italian and Portugese are easy to learn.
@@Pidalin yeah because the Czech and Slovaks would just form a new empire together, they work together greatly, so greatly in fact that they fell apart so they can work together better. Also tell Germany, Poland, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Austria, Croatia and Slovenia to just give up on territories, i am sure they are going to willingly give it away.
I love how the Italian journalist was talking about added taxes to "core product" such as "olive oil and Prosecco (sparkling wine)". We really got our priorities straight.
@@laufert7100 and the Dutch one was obviously talking about Trump... we would need to be talking about fish, transport, cheese, desserts to be closely right(Crompouce for example Croissant + Tompouce)
The humble curiosity that always is the basis of your reactions is what the world needs more of! Love your channel buddy! Greetings from the very southern part of Sweden! ✌🏻😊🇸🇪
I drive 2 hours west they speak France I drive 2 hours south they speak talian I drive 2 hours north they speak German As a Truckedriver it really helps if you at least can do some basic conversations. Sometimes i dont even know what language they talk in that particular village. Its all mixed up.
Your humbleness and kindness goes a long way my man. Keep it up 😊 Just would like to ad that there are more than 1300 different dialects here in Norway. We can’t understand ourself sometimes 😂
8:00 Galician is the twin-sister language of Portuguese. (Spanish is just a first cousin...) 8:40 Romansh is a Romance language spoken in tiny pockets of Switzerland. About 1% of the population speaks it. Because it's surrounded by German speakers, Romansh's phonology and orthography is quite Germanic. 9:00 Basque is a complete language isolate, with no surviving related languages. It's the last pre-Indo-European language left in Europe. Spanish is closer to Hindi, Farsi (Persian) or Latvian than it is to Basque, even though Basque is spoken natively in N Spain. Of course, with centuries of coexistence, there are numerous loan words from Basque into Spanish and vice-versa. Linguist also believe Basque might have had an important role in shaping Spanish phonology.
Why when people talk about the Basque language they always mention Spain or Spanish and NEVER France or French when the Basque language is also spoken in the French part of the Basque Country?
@@ializarg Mayne because France has spent centuries trying to remove anything non-french from its country because they think they are lesser cultures?
@@ializarg I'd also like to see a French basque speak basque because the example given in this video sounded very Spanish to me (I speak French, Portuguese, Enfglish and have pretty good notion of Spanish and Italian). By "sounded very Spanish", I mean that the words were obviously not Spanish for the most part, but the intonations and rhythm were very similar to Spanish as it is spoken in Spain.
@@ializarg Maybe because there was less exchange between french and euskari than spanish and euskari? It's an hypothesis, I have no real idea, since I very rarely exchanged with "French Basques" and know a lot of "Spanish Basques"
@@bottlebuk@ializarg "french basques" speak basque with french accent; "spanish basques" with spanish one. And France is a more homogeneity-driven country, basques have a very difficult time trying to mantain the culture and language (basque schools in france are all private, whereas in spanish side the autonomous basque government can provide basque public education, even university). And to add more comlexity, Basque as a language is not even very homogeneous, each town or region has it's own way of speaking, own vocabulary, etc. I once met a "french basque" and as a "spanish" one, we could not understand each other very well so we ended up speaking in English😅
A notable omission here are the Sami languages, spoken by the indigenous people across northern Norway, Sweden, Finland and northwestern Russia. There's countless varieties, but the majority seems to be Northern Sami. The Norwegian state broadcaster (NRK) does have news programs as well as some other programming in Northern Sami, which is also carried by the Swedish (SVT) and Finnish (YLE) state broadcasters: ruclips.net/video/fWMLErYKqBM/видео.htmlsi=cms3MD1EPQ1SCfUa Then there's tons of other minority ethnic languages across the nordics, such as Kven, Elfdalian etc..
Sami are not indigenous to Norway Sweden and Finland the Sami are related to the Finns and arrived more then two thousand+ years after the Nordics lived in the area
5:39 Romanian here. I remember watching a documentary that was in Italian and I was surprised by how much I understood. you can't really compare the language used in documentaries with everyday Italian, but it was interesting that I understood most of it without reading the subtitles. this was about 15 years ago, when I was in middle school.
That's interesting! I'm Swedish and one time I was listening to a colleague speak with someone else and I kept arguing back and forth in my head: "it sounds like Italian, but not quite, there's Russian in there too". When they told me they were Romanian it made so much sense to me 😄
We have this kids‘ show „Die Maus“ (the mouse). In the beginning they summarize what will be happening, first in Germany then again in a foreign language, changing every time. It began in 1971. That’s where I heard and learned my first foreign words. 🐭
Makes some sense, better to add more French words instead of german words so the germans have a harder time to understand the people when they invade again.
Until about a century ago, what was spoken in Luxembourg was largely just one of the many German dialects. It became a language when it was codified and a written standard was established. It is very close to some German dialects spoken just across the border. It does have a lot more French than German itself, though. Germans can understand it mostly, in as much as Germans can understand the (stronger) dialects within their own borders, exposure helps as well as coming from that quadrant of Germany. Knowing French also helps because of the significant number of French loan words. I’d say there are German dialects that are harder to understand for Germans than Luxembourgish, Walliserdütsch comes to mind, and I am not even counting Plattdeutsch which at this state I would consider its own language.
@@dd-di3mzNot really funny at all. It's still quite easy to understand Letzeburgisch for Germans. I highly doubt it's a language in its own right. I consider it as a dialect and only for political reasons linguists are forced to call it another language. For example Switzerland German (Schwytzerdütsch) has seperated much more from German and still isn't called an own language though I'd consider it to be one. The only reason I can understand Schwytzerdütsch is I'm native southwest German dialect. All other Germans need translation more or less. It's also the tribal dialect of "Alemannen" living north and south of Switzerland border. That's why France calls all Germany Allemagne, though we are just a tribe living in that area near France.
@@dd-di3mz Luxembourg used to be German speaking. Luxembourgish is essentially the local dialect of German pronounced a separate language and given its own orthography, for the purpose of emphasizing their national identity. It's virtually identical to close border dialects in Germany, except there they identify as German speakers. For Germans the couple of French words don't really pose an obstacle, but the fact that Luxembourgish is intentionally constructed to be as different from standard German as possible is an obstacle, unless you're from a nearby region. That said, Luxembourg hasn't given up on German. The country is officially trilingual: French, Standard German and Luxembourgish, where arguably the latter two are dialects of each other.
Kazakhstan is in Central-Asia ! There are also different dialects of all french regions (Differents occitan (Oc (latin) (France, Spain and Italy): Provençal; auvergnat; gascon…) dialects; catalan (latin); basque (Not indo-european); celtic breton; latin breton; germanic alsatian, idem for the mosellan and the lorraine; latin alsatian, idem for the mosellan and the lorraine; flemish (germanic); norman and others oïl (latin) dialects; french roms (Gypsies; manouche…) dialects; many french creoles languages (DOM TOM (Africa; America; Polynesia…): Île de la Réunion; Antilles; Guyana; New Caledonia; Mayotte…), french dialects and french creoles of former french territories (Canada (Quebec); USA (Louisiana (Acadian (Cajun…))); Jersey (Normandy of UK); Belgium; Roman Swiss; Monaco; Haiti; Madagascar; Côte d’Ivoire; Algérie; Vietnam…), all italian regions (Occitan; sardinian; catalan sardinian; sicilian; neapolitan; calabrian; grecanico (Greek and latin); arberesh (Albanian and latin); italian croatian dialect; italian germanic dialects; gypsies and others roms italian dialects…)…
I am from Ireland, irish language is compulsory subject in irish schools. Even though the vast majority of the population speaks English. Every road and street signs are written in both irish and English. We have an Irish language radio and TV station. Every news bulletin is broadcast in irish and English. I can speak a little Irish due to the fact that my Irish teacher teacher was an alcoholic and taught most of the time with a hangover. However I am fluent in French German Italian Spanish and could get by with various other languages. My neighbour is from Serbia so I'm learning a little.
Also shout out to your incredible road markings in Ireland (and yes, they are always in both languages), it is only the second country I managed to get platinum on GeoGuessr after my home of the Czech Republic.
I'm not sure why they put Irish when what they actually speak is Gaelic in Ireland. They did put Scottish Gaelic for Scotland so why not Gaelic for Ireland I wonder?
Su=water /水 (Suv)=fluent-flowing/Suvu>Sıvı=fluid, liquid/Suv-up=liquefied Suy-mak=to make it flow away /flow>movement=suîva=civa=جیوه=水銀>cyan=جان=人生>civan>cive>जीव Suv-mak=to make it flow on/upwards >suvamak=to plaster Süv-mek=to make it flow inwards >süv-er-i=cavalry Sür-mek=to make it flow ON something =~to drive/apply it on/spread it over (Su-arpa)>chorba>surppa=soup /Surup>şurup=syrup /Suruppat>şerbet=sorbet /Surab>şarap=wine /Surah>şıra=juice şire=milky Süp-mek=to make it flow outwards /Süp-ğur-mek>süpürmek=to sweep -mak/mek>umak/emek=aim/exertion (machine/mechanism) -al/el=~get via -et=~do/make -der=~set/provide -kur=~set up -en=own diameter/about oneself -eş=each mate/each other/together or altogether -la/le = ~present this way /show this shape Sermek=to make it flow in four directions =to spread it laying over somth Sarmak=to make it flow around somth =to wrap, to surround Saymak=to make it flow drop by drop /one by one from the mind =~to count, ~to deem (sayı=number >bilgisayar=computer) Söymek=to make it flow through > Söy-le-mek=to make sentences flow through the mind=~to say, to tell Sövmek=to say whatever's on own mind=swearing Sevmek=to make flow/pour from the mind to the heart >to love Süymek=to make it flow thinly (Süÿt> süt= दूध/ milk) Soymak=to make it flow over it/him/her (to peel, ~to strip )(soygan>soğan=onion) Soy-en-mak>soyunmak=to undress (Suy-ğur-mak)>sıyırmak=~skinning ,skimming Siymek=to make it flow downwards=to pee Siÿtik>sidik=urine Say-n-mak>sanmak=to pour from thought to the idea>to arrive at a guess Savmak=to make it pour outward/put forward/set forth >sav=assertion Sav-en-mak>savunmak=to defend /Sav-ğur-mak>savurmak=to strew it outward (into the void) Sav-eş-mak>savaşmak=to shed each other's blood >savaş=war Savuşmak=scatter altogether around >sıvışmak=~run away in fear Sağmak=to ensure it pours tightly >Sağanak=downpour >Sahan=somth to pour water Sağ-en-mak>sağınmak=to spill from thought into emotions> ~longing Sormak=to make it spill the inform inside/force him to tell Sekmek=to go (by forcing/hardly) over it forwards Sakmak=to get/keep/hold-back forcely or hardly (sekar=?) Sak-en-mak>sakınmak =to ponder hard/hold back/beware Sak-la-mak=keep back/hide it >sak-la-en-mak=saklanmak=hide oneself Soğmak=to penetrate (by force)> Soğurmak=make it penetrate forced inward= to suck in Sokmak=to put/take (by force) inward Sökmek=to take/force out from the inside(~unstitch/rip out) Sıkmak=to press (forcibly) from all sides=squeeze (Sıkı=tight) Sığmak=fit into hardly /Sığ-en-mak>sığınmak=take refuge in Sezmek=to keep it gently flow mentally =to sense, intuit Sızmak=to flow slightly =to ooze Süzmek=to make it lightly flow from top to bottom >to filter Suŋmak=to extend it forward, put before, present Süŋmek=to get expanded outwards /sünger=sponge Sıŋmak=to reach by stretching upward/forward Siŋmek=to shrink oneself by getting down or back (to lurk, hide out) Söŋmek=to get decreased by getting out or in oneself (fade out) Tan=the dawn /旦 Tanımak=to get the differences of =to recognize Tanınmak=tanı-en-mak=to be known/recognized Tanıtmak=tanı-et-mak=to make known/introduce Tanışmak=tanı-eş-mak=to get to know each other/meet for the first time Danışmak=to get inform through each other Tanılamak=tanı-la-mak=diagnose Tıŋı=the tune (timbre) /调 Tıŋ-mak=to react verbally >Tınlamak= ~to take into account/respond Tıŋı-la-mak=to get the sound out Tiŋi-le-mek=to get the sound in >Dinlemek=to listen/ 听 Tiŋ-mek=to get at the silence >Dinmek=to keep calm Denk=Sync>登克>~equal /a-thank*Deng-e=balance Thenğ-mek>Değmek=achieve a harmonious reaction/ to touch Thenğe-mek>Denemek=to try to get a harmonious response in return teğet=tangent /tenger>değer=sync level >worth /teng-yüz>deŋiz=sea eşdeğer=equivalent /eş diğerine denk=equal to each other Deng-en-mek>değinmek =to mention/touch upon Deng-eş-mek>değişmek =to turn into somth else equivalent /get altogether a change Deng-eş-der-mek>değiştirmek =to change it /exchange Çığ (chuw)=avalanche /雪崩 Çığ-ğur-mak =çığır-mak= ~to scream /read by shouting Çağırmak=to call /inviting /称呼 /邀请 Çığırı >Jigir >Şiir=Poetry /诗歌 Cığır-la-mak >Jırlamak >to squeal /shout with a shrill voice Çığırgı >Jırgı >Şarkı=Song / 曲子 Çiğ (chee)=uncooked, raw / 生 Çiğne-mek =to chew / 咀嚼 (Çiğnek) Çene=chin /下巴 Çiğ (chiu)= dew/ 汽 , 露 (çi’çek=flower/ çi’se=drizzle) Taş=the stone (portable rock)/大石头 Taşı-mak =to take (by moving) it >to carry Taşı-et-mak =Taşıtmak> to have it transported Taşı-en-mak =Taşınmak>to move oneself to a different place Kak-mak=to give direction (kak-qa-eun> kakgan=which one's directing>Kağan>Han) (Baş-khan>Başkan=president) Kak-der-mak>kaktırmak=~to set aside Kak-el-mak>kağılmak =to be oriented via /be fixed somewhere >kalmak= to stay Kakıluk-mak=to tend upward >kalkmak=to stand up /get up Kak-el-der-mak>kağıldırmak>to make it being steered away>kaldırmak=to remove Kak-en-mak>kağınmak=to be inclined>kanmak /ikna olmak=to ac-know-ledge it's so /be convinced Kak-en-der-mak>kağındırmak>kandırmak (ikna etmek)=~to trick (to persuade) Der-mek=to provide bringing them together to create an order /der-le-mek=to compile /deri=derm Dar-mak=to bring into a different order by disrupting the old >tarkan=conqueror /tarım=agriculture /tarla=arable field /taramak=to comb Dar-el-mak>darılmak=to be in a disturbed mood towards someone Dur-mak=to keep the same order /keep being, /survive /halt on (thoru>diri= alive) durabilir=durable /boğa-thor>bahadır=冒頓=survivor-victim> war veteran boğa=sacrificed by strangling >buga > buhag > pigah> 피해자> pig Dur-der-mak> durdurmak=~to stop /diri-el-mek>dirilmek= be revived Diremek=make to stand against /direnmek=resist /diretmek=insist (Tüz-mek) Dizmek=to keep it in the same order /the same line Dür-mek=to roll it into a roll /dürülmek=get rolled /dürüm=roll of bread (Tör-mek) Dörmek=to rotate it on its axis >to mix up Thöre-mek>türemek=become a new layout/form by coming together in the same medium (tür= kind /type) Thörük=order formed by coming together >Türk Töre=order established over time=tradition /torah=sacred order /tarih=history Thör-et-mek>türetmek=to create a new layout combining= to derive Thör-en-mek>dörünmek=to rotate oneself /turn by oneself Törünmek>törnmek>Dönmek=to turn oneself /döner=rotary /turna=flamingo Dön-der-mek>döndürmek=to turn something Dön-eş-mek>dönüşmek=turn (altogether) into something Dön-eş-der-mek>dönüştürmek=to convert /transform (Edh) Ez-mek=to thin something down by pressing over=to crush /run over (Edg) Eğ-mek=to turn something the other way or to a curved shape> to tilt it eğim =inclination Eğ-el-mek>eğilmek=to get being inclined /bend Eğ-et-mek>eğitmek=to educate Eğir-mek=to cause it another shape by spin it crosswise around itself > eğri=curve,awry >ağrı=crossways >uğru=~aspect of >doğru=true, right direction Evirmek= to make it return around itself or transform into another shape Çevirmek=turn into/encircle Devirmek =turn outer/overturn Eğir-al-mek>eğrilmek=to become a skew /be bended by Evir-al-mek>evrilmek=to get a transformation over time /evrim=evolution /devrim=revolution /evre=stage Uğra-mak>=to get (at) a place or a situation for a certain time=drop by/ stop by Uğra-eş-mak>uğraşmak=to drop by (altogether) each other for a certain time=to strive/deal with Uğra-et-mak>uğratmak=to put in a situation for a specific time Öğre-mek=to get an accumulation above a certain stage Öğre-en-mek=to get (at) a knowledge or info level at a certain time> öğrenmek=to learn Öğre-et-mek=to make somebody get (at) a knowledge or info level at a certain time=to teach Türkçe öğretiyorum =I’m teaching turkish İngilizce öğreniyorsun =You’re learning english Öğren-i-yor-u-sen (learn
Hava = Air Es=blow / esi=blowing Heva-Esi =air blowing ( a feeling of air blowing in the mind) Heva >> Heves = whim / desire / wish Heveslemek / Heves etmek = to like and desire Heveslemek> Eslemek > İstemek = to want / to ask for / ~to wish / ~to desire Ası /Esi= feeling of desire -Esi Var = have eagerness / feel a desire / take up a passion Heves-u bar > hevesi var > esi var (Bugün hiç çalış-a-esi-m yok) Bugün hiç çalışasım yok= I have no desire to work at all today (Get-e-heves-u bar > Gid-e-esi var) Ali’nin eve gidesi var= ~Ali longs to go home / Ali wants to go home "Bunu yapasım var" = I want to do this ( ’cause I like doing this) (Su iç-e-esi-n bar ma-u er-di?) Su içesin var mıydı? = Would you like to drink water Havası / Hevası / Hevesi > Esi = (sense) ~its feeling / ~feeling so Aydın Havası = (feeling) the cultural atmosphere of Aydin -Ası / Esi =(giving that feeling) / like that for objects Bebek-Esi > Bebeksi =(gives the feeling) that's like a baby Bebeksi bir ten = (just) like a baby skin Çocuksu bir yüz = ( just) like a child's face Yanıksı bir koku= like a feeling of burning smell Yakınsı= It feels like it's very close Birazıcık yalansı= It feels a little bit like a lie for verbs Gör-el-Esi > görülesi = requiring sight / ~must see Sev-el-Esi> sevilesi = requiring to love Bil-en-esi > bilinesi = requiring to be known Okunası kitaplar =~recommended books to read Olası= requiring to be happened /~must be / > possible Bit-esi = requiring finishing Kör olası= is asked to be blind Kahrolasıca= ~as if it required to be destroyed / as if it were a damn thing Kap= what's keeping something inside Kap kacak= pots and pans (and similar kitchen utensils) Kapmak= to quickly pick it and keep in the palm (or in mouth or in mind) kapamak = to keep it closed kapatmak=~ to close > kapı= door / (kapı-tutan) kaptan=captain kaplamak=to cover kapsamak= comprise / contain > kapsam =scope /~ capacity Kab/Küp/Kafa/Kova/Kupa/Küfe/Hava.. Cap/Cup/Cave/Keep/Have.. Kabar/Köpür/Geber/Kıvır/Kavra… Kabir/Kibir/Kebir/Küfür… Cabre/Coffer/Cover/Cable… Kop > Köp= very Kopmak =(proliferation/mitotic division)>> to be parted / be apart from / be separated from each other Kop-der-mak = koparmak =to pluck / break off /tear off Kom =(com) entire, all ( unity, combine) Kom-u > kamu = all of.. Kamuya ait= (belong to all the people of the country)=state property (kamusal=publicly / kamuoyu=public opinion / kamu hizmeti=public service) Kamu = Hamu > Hemi-si >Hepi-si >Hepsi = all of them , entirety, the whole Hem-ma = Amma > ama =(not exactly so)= but Hem =as a whole / ~ the lot / ~ mostly Hem-Esi (-imsi) = almost like for objects Yeşil= green / Yaşıl-hem-esi = Yeşilimsi = almost like green = greenish Al/ Kızıl/ Kırmızı= red / Kırmızı-hem-esi= Kırmızımsı = almost like red Limon-hem-esi = Limonumsu = tastes- almost like lemon Kek-hem-esi = Kekimsi ( Kekremsi) = it tastes- almost like cake Sarığ-hem-esi =sarı-imsi >>Sarımsı= yellowish Sarığ-hem-esi-ak=yellowish-white > sarımsak = garlic for verbs Beniñ-hem-esi-mek > Benimsemek =feeling like this is all mine Az-hem-esi-mak> Azımsamak=feeling/thinking that it's all too little = to undervalue Küçüğ-hem-esi-mek > Küçümsemek = to belittle /underestimate Yañıl-hem-esi-mak > Yanılsamak = feeling like it's exactly wrong
Od >> hot Odun >> wooden >> wood (odak /ocak /otak /oda) Oğuz Kağan>> oğuzhan>> owodhan>> wuothan>> wõden>> Odin Wõdhen’s day >> Wednesday Buz >> (Mwudh)= dihydrogen monoxid CRYSTAL = Ice Tuz >> (Thwudh) = sodium chloride CRYSTAL = Salt (lisp D) >> TH >DH > T / D (lisp S) >> TH >TS > S / Ş / Z (Thwudh)>Tsuith >Thuits > Thuiss > Tuish / Diş = tooth (dental) (Thwudh)>Tsuıth > Thuıts > Thuess > Tuesh / Dış = out ( outer) (Thwudh) >Tsuıts >> - Suz = (- Less) >> without it / free from it / has got rid of it Tış-yer-i > Dışarı / Dış taraf = outside Dışsal = external Dışı = out of… / de- / dis- Suz > sız/siz & suz/süz = without / -less Kanat = Wing >> Kanat-sız = Wing-less Su= water >> Susuz = waterless / anhydrous Suç =crime >> Suçsuz=blameless (freed from blame) Şeker= Sugar >> Şekersiz= without sugar / sugar free Kitap= book >> Kitapsız = without books / free from books Ücret = fee >> ücretsiz =~free / exempt from fee >> ücret dışı =out of fee Gerek / lazım / hacet / ihtiyaç = necessary >> Gerekli = needful Gereksiz = needless >> İhtiyaç dışı / lüzumsuzca =unnecessary Kanunsuz / Hukuksuz = unlawful >> Kanun dışı = outside the law Hukuk / Yasa =law > Yasal =legal >> Yasadışı = illegal Görüş = sight >> Görüş dışı = out of sight Sadık / vefalı / vefakar= loyal >> Sadakatsiz / vefasız= disloyal Beğeni = like >> Beğeni dışı= dislike Bağlantı = connect >> Bağlantı dışı=disconnect De-monte=démonté= dis-assembled Evirmek= to make it to turn around itself or transform into another shape over time İç = inside > ÇE Çe-evir-mek =(içe evirmek) = çevirmek = (turn-into) / encircle / convert / slew round Dış =outside > DE De-evirmek =(dışa evirmek) = devirmek =(turn-outer) / overturn / overthrow (evirmek /çevirmek / devirmek) (aşmak / coşmak / taşmak) (ilemek / çilemek / dilemek) (almak / çalmak / dalmak) (Dış- Thuıss) Siz-Sız-Suz-Süz ekleri “Dışında olmak” ,“İçermemek” , "sahip olmamak" , “ondan azade olmak” veya "mahrumiyet" anlamına gelen bu ekler, bir şeyin dahilinde olmayışı ifade eder. (Have no)( ~without) (...less) (LIĞ-LUĞ) (aluğ=has got)>>-ly /-y Lı > Li > Lu > Lü ekleri sahiplik ve dahiliyet ekleridir... (Have)(~With) >> ~..-ful O benim sevgi-li-m = (~s/he has my love)= s/he is my lover İki çocuk-lu kadın= (which one) the woman has two children > woman with two children Çocuksuz adam = (which one) the man has no child > childless man Şekerli =(it has sugar) = with sugar Şekersiz= (it has no sugar) = without sugar = ~sugar free= şekerden azade Tuzlu =it has salt =salty Tuzsuz= it has no salt = without salt = saltless Gitmelisin (get-mek-liğ-sen)= you have to go Gitmen gerekli (get-meg-in gerek-liğ) = you have need to go Gitmen gerekir (get-meg-in gerek-e-er) = you (getta) need to go Toluk>> doluğ=fulled (has stuffed) Renk= color (Renk-dolu) > Renk-li = colorful > (has color) Keder=sorrow (Keder-dolu) > Kederli = sorrowful > (has sorrow) Zarar=harm (Zarar-dolu) > Zararlı = harmful > (has harm) Güç / Takât= power Takâtli= powerful
I have to salute all you non native English speakers, as your grasp of English is truly impressive. As an elderly English woman myself , even though I can get buy on holiday with French and a bit of Italian, I’m not able to write and express myself like amazing fellow Europeans❤🇪🇺🇪🇺🇪🇺🌍
I heard people say Hungarian is close, but hearing someone speak it now for the first time, I heard not much similar to our language. When Estonians speak, it's very close and many words are the same and some words they just add or remove one letter. I'm Finnish, and surprised that Hungarian sounded so far from Finnish to my ear, maybe it's just me.
@@uncle_matula No, linguists aren't questioning the relation between Finnish and Hungarian. Some Hungarian non-linguist people are questioning it because of national identity issues, not because of any linguistical arguments.
Fun fact - there are some language combinations like Swedish-Norwegian-Danish, or Polish-Slovak-Czech where people when talking could communicate in their own language and they would sound weird to each other or not comprehend some words, but still be able to communicate with each other. Also, for example Polish and Czech person would have way easier time talking to Slovak person than to each other. Also, there were only official languages, but there are also some variations like dialects, that even though they are not technically separate languages, they are hard to understand by the people speaking original language. Best example would be probably Swiss-German, which doesn't sound nearly like German. Another one could be Silesian, which does sound like Polish, Czech and German mixed together.
Swedish, danish and norwegian belongs to the north germanic language group, english and dutch is from the west germanic language group, and then you have faroese and icelandic which is very close to the old norse that were spoken in scandinavia in the age of vikings... and old norse mixed with west germanic, britonic(old english) and saxon language later became mixed into english... in general, swedes, danes and norwegians can more or less understand each others language with little to none misunderstandings
As a Norwegian I prefer speaking English with Danish people, but reading Danish however is very easy. A lot Swedish TV shows are aired in Norway, that's how I learned to understand Swedish when I grew up and Swedish is more closer phonetically.
I am german and speak low german too (the "modern" rest of the old saxon language) and if I read swedish I can understand a bit. But if someone speak it there are just a few words I understand. Dutch on the other hand is more like low german, sometimes a simple sentence can be the same
I'm Dutch. My German friend called Dutch a mix of German and English, she can understand pretty much everything I say in Dutch, even though she never learned the language. When I was in Denmark, I could read pretty much everything, but the spoken language was so different than I could imagine.
Dutch is indeed extremely close to german and english. Except for the parts where the scandinavian languages are closer. Things where english took over half the french language and german had sound shifts. And yes, I can pretty much read Dutch as well. Listening is a bit harder, but take it slow and I get most of it. It's about as Bavarian for me.
Hi, I'm french and I learned both English and German (the both pretty well) and I can read Ducth and Danish easely but I can't understand when they are spoken, though Dutch is more close to German to me, mixed with some English. The most surprising was when I was in Luxembourg, I didn't understand anything. It looks like it was some Plattdeutsch. Once, I meet Austrians and it was like i was speaking German with Scottishes, very funny. But, the most surprising is that I can't definitively understand all the latin languages (spanish, italian, portuguese, corse) I swear, I try to learn them but I just can't.
No idea if anyone has pointed it out but all over europe a lot of minorities have fought for generations for the right to express themselves in their native language. We're not giving that up 😂, i'd rather learn 5 other languages on top of mine than give up mine for 1 general one. If your language goes away, so does your culture .
I'm all for honoring and preserving the culture and cultural diversity, but the truth is EU suffers greatly from the lack of centralization. We'll never have the might and influence of the american empire, if we don't unite politically, economically, culturally, and the first step towards that should be everyone being able to speak English on, let's say, dutch level of proficiency.
@@Moxie3e aha the comment i hoped for 🤣. Man i 100% agree we need more unity on all fronts BUT while keeping our languages and local culture in tact. I am very much a pro european , but No need to become the United states of eurome. I like the US , and many of its people , but have no desire to become like them 🤣. It would be easier, more efficient, but not worth the loss for me. Also, economically we are highly integrated in a way we politically we never can or will be. Btw, economically we hold as much if not more power than the US already, dont let their larger GDP fool you. Purchase power is the parameter that counts. And we have almost double the amount of people in our market, so for china and others we are at least as important. Unity does not need to imply more integration to me, it means in spirit, actions and basic values which all current members share. Something that can not be said from turkey for example, and why they will Never be admitted. English as a intermediate language is already the case in practice in business science and personal life, just not in politics. I dont think we need to speak all 47 in the Eu parliament, we can save a lot on the interpreting costs there. It is only big nations and languages that will oppose the adaptation of english there, the little ones wont. Now the brits arent in the EU anymore it may be more likely as it will be a "neutral" language. Dutch level of proficiency,... may be an issue if Van Gaal is the reference🤣. Just kidding. They speak it well, BUT they also believe and created the internetmyth that they are the most proficient at english outside the native speakers. Alto i believe it to be true, there is absolutely no objective data for that. It originated from " research" that asked : " how confident are you speaking english" ? to the dutch ? Now they are a pretty confident bunch and have no problems making a fool of themselves, so yes the answer would be overwhelmingly positive 🤣. ..
@@Moxie3e I'm not sure that centralization is a benefit. On the contrary, I think decentralization is what we should do today. We can develop an international fair trade without supranational non democratic entities. I believe that the lobbies doing the deep state at Bruxelles, and the financial cartel owning the (not) free market, and the World Economic Forum is what is driving us to a dystopian technocratic plutocracy. And God forbid we become like China, with uniparty and corporatism.
@@CobraChicken1302 The Dutch are extremely proficient in imperfect English. But being confident does the rest.
Месяц назад+47
34:07 - irish is also indoeuropean, but from a differet branch -> celtic. the celtic languages were in central and western europe before germanic and roman empire invasions
Месяц назад+4
scotish gaelic and welsh , manx island language are also celtic.
Celts are fascinating folks. There were even some Celts, Galatians, who migrated in and lived in central Turkiye. Three main pagan Gaulish tribes migrated during 3rd C. B.C.E. and settled in around today's Turkish capital, Ankara. Indeed, Ankara was also their capital, and they are the ones who named the city "Ancyra" in Celtic meaning "anchor". They formed a province of Roman Empire and in 2nd C. C.E. they were converted to Christianity.
Irish, gaelic, welsh are all celtic languages. It is a linguistic group of its own. 2500 years ago celtic languages were spoken in big parts of Europe, from central Europe to what it now Spain, France, northern Italy, southern Germany, Autria, the British isles, parts of balkans, and even turkey. Mostly celtic speaking areas have been replaced by latin in the south or by germanic in central Europe. Now only a few pockets of celtic language still maintained in the British isles. In Malta, they speak a semitic language, that is to say related to Arabic and Hebrew, but with a lot of Italian influences.
I'd say Welsh is a bit more than a 'pocket.' It's the only non-endangered Celtic language, is used in most places even if a lot of people prefer to speak English. You will hear "I don't speak Welsh but my grandchildren do" more than "I don't speak Welsh but my grandmother did." This is encouraging.
This is the case in every country. You dont want to know how many different accents and "languages" the Croatia has, even if being a very small country.
Месяц назад+1
North-eastern Spain? Sorry? I'd say Eastern Iberian peninsula and Balearic islands.
5:44 its interesting that most foreigners when they think about romanian they think about something close to russian or some slavic language. You're the first "reactor" (reactionist ? ) that picked up that it sounds like italian. It's generallly considered to be the closest to original latin than all other romance languages (the Roman empire invested an astronomical amount of resources and man power to colonise the area of Romania, called Dacia in the past, and the region got fully integrated in the roman empire, thus the name Roman-ia )
German here. Knowing a little bit Italian and Spanish, the Romanian I hear from the craftsmen living right next to it's clear that the three languages are closely related. Caveat: I studied Latin in high school and heard of Roman history, so that might have prejudiced me.
Swede here, I can't really decide what I hear when I hear Romanian, it's like 50/50 slavic and romance language. And I have a Romanian friend and when she speaks swedish I hear a very clear slavic accent on her Swedish. Perhaps it was a "pure" romance language once, but I would say that it have clearly migrated.
@HenrikJansson78 yep, the words, grammar and structure are latin in terms of origin, but the accents and intonations are slavic in nature, thats why it can sound "russian" when a romanian speaks a foreign language
@@LetMePickAUsernameAAAAAAAA Which means it would sound slavic to most people, because most people would not see that the words, grammar and structure is close to Italian, but accent and intonation is obvious to anyone who hears the languages.
I'm from Italy and I love your videos! Great job ❤ I don't know about the other countries, but here in Italy things get even more crazy than that In Italy we have very different dialects that are almost languages themselves. For example, I'm from Florence and I can't understand at all people from Naples when they speak neapolitan. Every region has its own, often containing so many words that are different from italian that when we move somewhere for study or for job we always end up having fun teaching each other our dialect. Some old and less educated people, as my grandma's sisters in Naples who were farmers, almost don't even speak Italian. So much so that I need my cousins to translate 😂😂 All younger people know Italian, but sometimes we find ourselves to fall back to some dialect words and see the panic in the eyes of somebody who has no idea what we are talking about. One example from Florence is the word "lavello" (kitchen sink) that in Italian would be "lavandino". I think that's because of the differences in our history and the continuous changes of institutions and borders that we experienced over the centuries which shaped so many different sub-cultures. I don't know if there is any video comparison about this, and I don't think that it would really be a good one for the channel because almost nobody would understand anything, but I think that you would like to hear how different they sound because you seem a courious person. I'm sorry if my english isn't really good, if anyone does not understand something about the comment just ask! ✅
Unica cosa che vorrei correggere: i cosiddetti dialetti sono completamente delle lingue a se stanti, soprattutto considerando che sono di origini ben più antica dell’italiano, chiaramente hanno delle parole comuni (soprattutto in zone di confine) ma nonostante ciò mantengono tutte delle loro differenze, abbiamo cominciato a perderli verso la fine dell’800 inizio 900 quando vi è stato il processo di italianizzazione forzata al fine di rafforzare beh, per l’appunto, lo spirito italiano ed instaurare un sentimento di unità dal nord al sud, ed è da questo che deriva la scelta di chiamarli dialetti, poiché se ci si fosse riferito a loro come lingue si sarebbe persa in parte l’unità culturale che si tentava di costruire, invece descrivendoli come dialetti italiani si metteva al centro la (fasulla) matrice italiana, scusami se posso sembrare pedante ma è un capitolo di storia di cui non si parla mai e che onestamente ritengo anche piuttosto triste, soprattutto venendo da una regione (Liguria) in cui il dialetto è praticamente totalmente sparito nelle fasce più giovani della popolazione
Месяц назад+6
is this why Italians use the hand gestures so often? that the dialects of Italy are so much different?
@@carlipicco In realtà anche io pensavo fossero tutte lingue a sè stanti, ma nonostante tanti linguisti abbiano opinioni diverse la maggior parte concorda che solo alcuni lo sono effettivamente, mentre gran parte dei dialetti manca di alcune caratteristiche necessarie ad essere considerati una vera e propria lingua (caratteristiche più legate alla grammatica e alla struttura del linguaggio più che al lessico). Non ti preoccupare non risulti pedante ahahahah, ho tagliato tutta la parte storica a partire da più di 2000 anni fa per lo stesso motivo 😂 Inoltre concordo in pieno sul fatto che sia triste perdere una parte così varia delle nostre identità, come ho detto sopra adoro quando ci incontriamo e ci insegamo a vicenda Se sei d'accordo in caso di ulteriori commenti passerei però a parlare inglese, così ci capiscono anche tutti gli altri 😉
Ahahahah it's true that we use them much more than other countries? I don't know, as I unfortunately didn't have much experience with people from other countries to see that difference, but I think that if so many people say it then it is true. Anyone can confirm from experience? If it is, I don't think that it's because of the dialect, because I didn't notice any difference in mself when I'm talking to someone from Florence instead of when I'm talking to someone from Naples. I guess it's just the way we are 🤣
Same in Germany. Our dialects can be very hardcore, and sometimes to an extend that singe words change every few villages. If you map it out, you can even still see the borders of once protestant only and katholic only regions, because after the 30 years war both sides didn´t interact that much with each other, so some dialect word developed in different directions that you can still see today 400 years later.
Ian you should react to a video showing the Indo-European language tree and how they're all related and grouped, you'd find it very interesting I'm sure and it would answer a lot of the questions you have here. I'm sure someone in these comments can recommend a good such video.
I am not saying everyone in Europe is bilingual or multilingual. Although many are. But most European can more or less speak and understand the basics of another language from a neighbouring country or a major country (in their influence) like German, French, Spanish and OF COURSE English
@@cynic7049 Or a really bad student. I'm always surprised how many even middle-aged Germans have trouble with English... which has been mandatory since at least the 90s, and is now being taught to elementary school kids. IIRC when i went to German school, 2 foreign languages were mandatory, and you could use electives to learn up to 4.
@@walkir2662 A lot of middle-aged and older Germans tend to favor the nearest neighboring language as their second one, even if they had english in school. Its for cultural and practical reasons that english didnt stuck after school. If you never get the opportunity to speak or hear a foreign language on a regular basis its easy to lose it. Many in the west went for french, we in the east for one of the slavic languages, some in the south go for italian and so on. It matters what foreign languages are close to you and gives you some interaction. For east germans of certain generations it also were the chaos around education due to the reunification ... My school education started with russian as a second language, then that got dropped and english / french were on the table ... in the end I learned none of those language well enough to speak or understand due to these in between changes. My english now comes from my work and media well after school. I would assume that older Poles, Czechs and so on had similar experiences due to the end of the cold war and the switching focus from east to west.
@@cynic7049That's not my experience at all. We had a car accident in France and nobody (not even the policemen) were able to comunicate in anything other than French. We offered German, Spanish, English (we suposed nobody was going to speak Slovakian ;-)), nothing. We have had this same experience mutiple times. And I know for sure a lot of people in Spain can not comunicate in English. May be the younger ones, but not every one (without beeing very old) I've met several people in different countries in Europe who weren't bilingual in any way....
@@cynic7049 That's barely half true actually...just go and try saying it again in France, Spain, Italy or even Germany nowadays, it's really not that common. French people used to be the worst to speak english, but nowadays they've become better and better at it over time, even though it's still far from the real majority of them to be able to speak it fluently. Spanish people have always been bad in english and still are, but since spanish is very widely spoken abroad, they don't always feel the need to speak other languages...they're not the worst, but they're definitely among the worst, that's for sure, so they definitely can speak english to some extent, but I don't feel more or less than before, it doesn't really change over time for them. Italians used to be much better to speak french before but it's getting lost more and more over time, the younger generation is better at english, but generally speaking they mostly make absolutely no effort to speak other languages than their own, and I think it's just getting worse and worse over time. About Germans though, they used to be the best of all these countries to speak other languages, especially french and english for obvious reasons, and I think they still are the best by far for that, compared to English, French, Spanish and Italian people, however, since a few years now, I feel like more and more among them are starting to drop it and tend to make less and less efforts to speak other languages, especially french, and even english to some extent, but not at the same scale though...
I'm from Poland, and I really enjoyed this episode. It feels exactly the way you described it at 23:05 - that you can go to a neighboring country and feel like you are in a different world, even though you are relatively close to your home. The reason they included Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia is because the border between Europe and Asia is not well defined and there are several different versions of it. Kazakhstan is mostly Asian, but a small part of it lies in Europe; the same applies to Turkey. Europe and Asia are located on the same Eurasian tectonic plate, so the border is more cultural than geographical. It is also good to know that not every European language was included in this list. For example, they completely missed languages used in the European part of Russia, such as Karelian, Tatar, Chechen, Chuvash, Bashkir, and many more.
Yes. Sometimes Americans think the differences between their states is as big as the differences between European countries. You cross a European border and the language changes, the laws change, the road markings change, the food changes, the drinking culture changes, the whole structure of the day changes, the architecture changes etc. The values are similar so you don’t feel uncomfortable but everything else is very different.
@@Dreyno It really does. That's the point. The differences are a lot greater than you claim them to be. Each individual state does have it's own individual laws, culture differences, food differences and structures differences.
@ And those differences are minute. It’s laughably small. People who watch the same tv shows, speak the same language, watch the same sports thinking that putting sauerkraut on a hotdog or chilli on spaghetti is some huge difference. Changing states is not the same as changing countries.
Honestly, you’re really good at picking up really subtle nuances of all the languages. No exaggeration. Many Western Europeans wouldn’t be able to separate the eastern european/slavic languages. (And Im sure Eastern European some western ones.) No need to excuse yourself at all. Just the fact that you say they all sound different is amazing. Not just for an American. Truly. You’ve got a hidden skill here. Well done!
Maltese is a Semitic language derived from late medieval Sicilian Arabic mixed with Romance. It is spoken by the Maltese people and is the national language of Malta and the only official Semitic and Afroasiatic language of the European Union.
Hi Ian, here is an overview where the languages belongs to: Most European languages today belong to the Indo-European language family. This is divided into various groups, with the largest language groups in Europe being Germanic, Romance and Slavic. Germanic language group East Germanic: Polabian (extinct), Sorbian (living) North Germanic: English, Frisian, Dutch, German, Scandinavian languages (Danish, Swedish, Norwegian) West Germanic: Dutch, English, Frisian, German, Luxembourgish Romance language group Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Romanian, Catalan, Galician, Sardinian Slavic language group West Slavic: Polish, Czech, Slovakian, Sorbian (living) Eastern Slavic: Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian South Slavic: Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovenian, Macedonian Other language groups Baltic languages: Lithuanian, Latvian Finno-Ugric languages: Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian The European Union recognizes 24 official languages, including all the languages mentioned above, as well as Irish, Maltese and Luxembourgish. The majority of European languages have their common root in the Indo-European language Proto-Indo-European (PIE). best regards from Germany
Sorry, but I have to correct some things in this comment. English, Dutch, Frisian and German are NOT North Germanic languages, they are West Germanic, you could've included Icelandic and Faroese instead. East Germanic language family has only one language, namely Gothic, but no currently living languages. And as @vikthor9327 mentioned above, Polabian and Sorbian are west Slavic languages, not Germanic. Another fun fact: English *could* be considered a Norman-Anglian creole, but most linguists are uncomfortable with calling it as such.
As a Czech citizen I gotta add two interesting things. Czechs can fully understand Slovak, and vice versa, we used to be one country, but got separated and independent more than 30 years ago. (Yet you still said Czechoslovakia :D). Another thing directly about our language - it is said that Czech language is one of the most difficult to learn, and we have unique letter Ř, which is pretty difficult for foreigners to pronounce. No other language has it, although the closest is RZ in Polish. - Also about my language skills - ofc Czech, English, I can talk Slovak and am learning Hungarian from zero for few months now :)
I have to disappoint you, since I am half Slovak and half Italian. For a long time I asked myself why that word seemed so strange to me. Then I finally understood that it is taken from a sailor's greeting. A bit like "ciao", it is a word that has been acquired. Even "servus" if you think about it, comes from Latin and is not Slavic.
I am not saying it’s not of foreign origin, in fact language scientists claim the Czech soldiers have brought it back home from their service with the Austrian navy. Nothing strange about that. I am saying it has now been standart Czech greeting for close to 200 years. It is of foreign origin, but it is now standart part of 2 West-Slavic languages.
Als for multitudes of languages in small distances... There's a lot more of that going on in Africa and Asia. For example, Burkina Faso if I recall correctly has 60 languages within one country. Papua New Guinea has 832 known languages! And they're all so different that people from two neighboring villages or tribes literally will not understand each other. In Burkina Faso, French is a generally known lingua franca, along side large languages like Dioulà and Mossi. In PNG, the major lingua franca is called Tok Pisin, an English based pidgin, and to a lesser extent English. To me, those kinds of situations are even more fascinating than what's going on in Europe. Like France, for example, has gone through hundreds of years of literally forcing minority languages out. Within the French territory, there used to be a lot of different languages, like Breton, Basque, Occitan, Flemish and many more, but those were all but eradicated. There are still some Occitan hints in the French spoken in the South-East, Breton is holding on for dear life in the outskirts of Bretagne, Basque mainly survives in Spanish Basque country and Flemish is of course alive and well in Belgium... But France has pretty much become a linguistic desert compared to the diversity that existed there hundreds of years ago.
Here's something that will blow your mind. The Maltese islands (Malta and Gozo, a half hour boat trip between them) have a population of around 400,000 (excluding immigrants who don't speak the language), but each town or village has its own dialect, which is sometimes so different that people from Malta, for instance, find it hard to understand the Gozitan dialect unless spoken very slowly. We speak Maltese, but most of us also speak English, Italian and to a lesser extent some French. Interesting channel. Liked and subscribed. 🇲🇹
17:38... I have always said that Luxembourgish is a mix between german and french with a heavy local dialect (with unique wors as well of course). When in the country, the more you go west/south (near Belgium and france), the more localized french words you will hear and the more you go to the east near germany the more german words you will hear (I live in Luxembourg)
Those are dialects. I know it's nicer to think of them as languages in themselves. In reality, Europe is the continent with the least linguistic diversity. Of the 7,000 languages spoken in the world, only 250 are European.
@@erosgritti5171 No, you are wrong. Here in Norway we have two Norwegian languages, three Sapmi languages, two Romani languagues and Kvensk. If we were to count dialects there would be literally hundreds if not thousands...
@@Vestlys1 romani languages , really? Roma people are all over Europe, they've been brought to Europe trough the slave trade from India. They speak Sanskrit if I'm not mistaken
@@FinestFantasyVI I wouldn’t ask for money, I could come alone tommorow. I love my Wife and kids though and I’d want them to come with me, which presents more challenges or at least much more planning.
15% of Kazakh land is geographically located in Europe. For Turkey, it's 3% of Turkish land but still, it is bigger and more populated than a lot of the fully European countries. Plus, historical reasons. Ottoman Empire was essentially a Balkan state at its heart. But also, there are fully European countries that recognize Turkish as a minority language or where Turkish is spoken by a minority. Like Macedonia, Greece, Bulgaria, Kosovo, Romania etc. Similar things can be said for Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia as well. Well, the definition of Europe can be quite arbitrary. Geographically, Cyprus is fully located in Asia but you'll see it counted as Europe. It all depends on who's making the distinction. Sometimes they count the Caucasus, sometimes they don't. Another thing to note: Turkish, Azerbaijani, Kazakh are all Turkic languages. Chuvash, Bashkir, Nogai, Tatar, Crimean Tatar, and Gagauz are other Turkic languages spoken in Europe although they are not featured in this video. And if we count Caucasus as Europe, then Karachay, Balkar, and Kumyk are also Turkic languages spoken in Europe. Maltese is a Semitic language related to Arabic. It has a lot of Italian influence. Hungarian is not a Slavic language. It's a Uralic language like Finnish and Estonian. But its closest relatives are Khanty & Mansy languages. Basque is a language isolate as far as I know. So, it's not related to Spanish or any other Indo-European language in fact. It's thought to be a pre-IE language of Europe.
Papua Nrew Guinea, 840 languages. Indonesia, 707 languages Nigeria, 525 languages India, 453 languages China (mainland), 302 languages For the US, what you forget is all the native American languages ! 300 languages used to exist, there are still 175 alive today. But without any work, only 20 will remain alive in 2050. Why? Older people are the only ones speaking it, and the remaining would be the largest ones.
@@frgv4060 Yes, Albanian, Swiss German are 2 examples missing, but it gives a perspective of the diversity of languages in other places than in Europe. The number of native American languages not being mentioned here is a bit sad for an American.
@ Many despite state past efforts to vanish them (tho many of those efforts still persist in the culture). Like what Italians used to call “dialects”, the many languages spoken in France like Occitan and Provençal. And so on. Any old country in the world has them as long as moms and dads speak those at home.
Месяц назад
India and have such a low language diversity, compared to your other examples! A fifth of the world population and under a twelfth of the world languages!
Su=water /水 (Suv)=fluent-flowing/Suvu>Sıvı=fluid, liquid/Suv-up=liquefied Suy-mak=to make it flow away /flow>movement=suîva=civa=جیوه=水銀>cyan=جان=人生>civan>cive>जीव Suv-mak=to make it flow on/upwards >suvamak=to plaster Süv-mek=to make it flow inwards >süv-er-i=cavalry Sür-mek=to make it flow ON something =~to drive/apply it on/spread it over (Su-arpa)>chorba>surppa=soup /Surup>şurup=syrup /Suruppat>şerbet=sorbet /Surab>şarap=wine /Surah>şıra=juice şire=milky Süp-mek=to make it flow outwards /Süp-ğur-mek>süpürmek=to sweep -mak/mek>umak/emek=aim/exertion (machine/mechanism) -al/el=~get via -et=~do/make -der=~set/provide -kur=~set up -en=own diameter/about oneself -eş=each mate/each other/together or altogether -la/le = ~present this way /show this shape Sermek=to make it flow in four directions =to spread it laying over somth Sarmak=to make it flow around somth =to wrap, to surround Saymak=to make it flow drop by drop /one by one from the mind =~to count, ~to deem (sayı=number >bilgisayar=computer) Söymek=to make it flow through > Söy-le-mek=to make sentences flow through the mind=~to say, to tell Sövmek=to say whatever's on own mind=swearing Sevmek=to make flow/pour from the mind to the heart >to love Süymek=to make it flow thinly (Süÿt> süt= दूध/ milk) Soymak=to make it flow over it/him/her (to peel, ~to strip )(soygan>soğan=onion) Soy-en-mak>soyunmak=to undress (Suy-ğur-mak)>sıyırmak=~skinning ,skimming Siymek=to make it flow downwards=to pee Siÿtik>sidik=urine Say-n-mak>sanmak=to pour from thought to the idea>to arrive at a guess Savmak=to make it pour outward/put forward/set forth >sav=assertion Sav-en-mak>savunmak=to defend /Sav-ğur-mak>savurmak=to strew it outward (into the void) Sav-eş-mak>savaşmak=to shed each other's blood >savaş=war Savuşmak=scatter altogether around >sıvışmak=~run away in fear Sağmak=to ensure it pours tightly >Sağanak=downpour >Sahan=somth to pour water Sağ-en-mak>sağınmak=to spill from thought into emotions> ~longing Sormak=to make it spill the inform inside/force him to tell Sekmek=to go (by forcing/hardly) over it forwards Sakmak=to get/keep/hold-back forcely or hardly (sekar=?) Sak-en-mak>sakınmak =to ponder hard/hold back/beware Sak-la-mak=keep back/hide it >sak-la-en-mak=saklanmak=hide oneself Soğmak=to penetrate (by force)> Soğurmak=make it penetrate forced inward= to suck in Sokmak=to put/take (by force) inward Sökmek=to take/force out from the inside(~unstitch/rip out) Sıkmak=to press (forcibly) from all sides=squeeze (Sıkı=tight) Sığmak=fit into hardly /Sığ-en-mak>sığınmak=take refuge in Sezmek=to keep it gently flow mentally =to sense, intuit Sızmak=to flow slightly =to ooze Süzmek=to make it lightly flow from top to bottom >to filter Suŋmak=to extend it forward, put before, present Süŋmek=to get expanded outwards /sünger=sponge Sıŋmak=to reach by stretching upward/forward Siŋmek=to shrink oneself by getting down or back (to lurk, hide out) Söŋmek=to get decreased by getting out or in oneself (fade out) Tan=the dawn /旦 Tanımak=to get the differences of =to recognize Tanınmak=tanı-en-mak=to be known/recognized Tanıtmak=tanı-et-mak=to make known/introduce Tanışmak=tanı-eş-mak=to get to know each other/meet for the first time Danışmak=to get inform through each other Tanılamak=tanı-la-mak=diagnose Tıŋı=the tune (timbre) /调 Tıŋ-mak=to react verbally >Tınlamak= ~to take into account/respond Tıŋı-la-mak=to get the sound out Tiŋi-le-mek=to get the sound in >Dinlemek=to listen/ 听 Tiŋ-mek=to get at the silence >Dinmek=to keep calm Denk=Sync>登克>~equal /a-thank*Deng-e=balance Thenğ-mek>Değmek=achieve a harmonious reaction/ to touch Thenğe-mek>Denemek=to try to get a harmonious response in return teğet=tangent /tenger>değer=sync level >worth /teng-yüz>deŋiz=sea eşdeğer=equivalent /eş diğerine denk=equal to each other Deng-en-mek>değinmek =to mention/touch upon Deng-eş-mek>değişmek =to turn into somth else equivalent /get altogether a change Deng-eş-der-mek>değiştirmek =to change it /exchange Çığ (chuw)=avalanche /雪崩 Çığ-ğur-mak =çığır-mak= ~to scream /read by shouting Çağırmak=to call /inviting /称呼 /邀请 Çığırı >Jigir >Şiir=Poetry /诗歌 Cığır-la-mak >Jırlamak >to squeal /shout with a shrill voice Çığırgı >Jırgı >Şarkı=Song / 曲子 Çiğ (chee)=uncooked, raw / 生 Çiğne-mek =to chew / 咀嚼 (Çiğnek) Çene=chin /下巴 Çiğ (chiu)= dew/ 汽 , 露 (çi’çek=flower/ çi’se=drizzle) Taş=the stone (portable rock)/大石头 Taşı-mak =to take (by moving) it >to carry Taşı-et-mak =Taşıtmak> to have it transported Taşı-en-mak =Taşınmak>to move oneself to a different place Kak-mak=to give direction (kak-qa-eun> kakgan=which one's directing>Kağan>Han) (Baş-khan>Başkan=president) Kak-der-mak>kaktırmak=~to set aside Kak-el-mak>kağılmak =to be oriented via /be fixed somewhere >kalmak= to stay Kakıluk-mak=to tend upward >kalkmak=to stand up /get up Kak-el-der-mak>kağıldırmak>to make it being steered away>kaldırmak=to remove Kak-en-mak>kağınmak=to be inclined>kanmak /ikna olmak=to ac-know-ledge it's so /be convinced Kak-en-der-mak>kağındırmak>kandırmak (ikna etmek)=~to trick (to persuade) Der-mek=to provide bringing them together to create an order /der-le-mek=to compile /deri=derm Dar-mak=to bring into a different order by disrupting the old >tarkan=conqueror /tarım=agriculture /tarla=arable field /taramak=to comb Dar-el-mak>darılmak=to be in a disturbed mood towards someone Dur-mak=to keep the same order /keep being, /survive /halt on (thoru>diri= alive) durabilir=durable /boğa-thor>bahadır=冒頓=survivor-victim> war veteran boğa=sacrificed by strangling >buga > buhag > pigah> 피해자> pig Dur-der-mak> durdurmak=~to stop /diri-el-mek>dirilmek= be revived Diremek=make to stand against /direnmek=resist /diretmek=insist (Tüz-mek) Dizmek=to keep it in the same order /the same line Dür-mek=to roll it into a roll /dürülmek=get rolled /dürüm=roll of bread (Tör-mek) Dörmek=to rotate it on its axis >to mix up Thöre-mek>türemek=become a new layout/form by coming together in the same medium (tür= kind /type) Thörük=order formed by coming together >Türk Töre=order established over time=tradition /torah=sacred order /tarih=history Thör-et-mek>türetmek=to create a new layout combining= to derive Thör-en-mek>dörünmek=to rotate oneself /turn by oneself Törünmek>törnmek>Dönmek=to turn oneself /döner=rotary /turna=flamingo Dön-der-mek>döndürmek=to turn something Dön-eş-mek>dönüşmek=turn (altogether) into something Dön-eş-der-mek>dönüştürmek=to convert /transform (Edh) Ez-mek=to thin something down by pressing over=to crush /run over (Edg) Eğ-mek=to turn something the other way or to a curved shape> to tilt it eğim =inclination Eğ-el-mek>eğilmek=to get being inclined /bend Eğ-et-mek>eğitmek=to educate Eğir-mek=to cause it another shape by spin it crosswise around itself > eğri=curve,awry >ağrı=crossways >uğru=~aspect of >doğru=true, right direction Evirmek= to make it return around itself or transform into another shape Çevirmek=turn into/encircle Devirmek =turn outer/overturn Eğir-al-mek>eğrilmek=to become a skew /be bended by Evir-al-mek>evrilmek=to get a transformation over time /evrim=evolution /devrim=revolution /evre=stage Uğra-mak>=to get (at) a place or a situation for a certain time=drop by/ stop by Uğra-eş-mak>uğraşmak=to drop by (altogether) each other for a certain time=to strive/deal with Uğra-et-mak>uğratmak=to put in a situation for a specific time Öğre-mek=to get an accumulation above a certain stage Öğre-en-mek=to get (at) a knowledge or info level at a certain time> öğrenmek=to learn Öğre-et-mek=to make somebody get (at) a knowledge or info level at a certain time=to teach Türkçe öğretiyorum =I’m teaching turkish İngilizce öğreniyorsun =You’re learning english Öğren-i-yor-u-sen (learn
Romansh is only spoken in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. Its a romance language and its actually a bit closer to latin than other romance languages. Its Swizerland 4th official language after German/Swiss-german, French and Italian. Its spoken in the very eastern part of Switzerland.
If Romansch is spoken in Lichtenstein it’s by individuals who would have moved to Lichtenstein from Switzerland. It has no official status in Lichtenstein, nor is it historically a part of the Romansch language area. South Tyrol in northern Italy has Ladin which is related to Rumansch.
Don't beat yourself up too much. You did very well in knowing where all these countries are in Europe. And also, I find your listening skills are quiet impressive in distinguishing and finding similarities. There is always more to learn and more to know. Thank you for taking us with you on all these explorations. I love seeing my "hood" (Europe) through your eyes. Thank you.
34:16 yeah there are Irish language TV channels, radio stations.. All road signs/street signs are in Irish. Lots of people have Irish names, and know a little Irish so to us it sounds normal. The Irish alphabet only has 18 letters so it's quite strange for English speakers to pick up
I am Czech. My brother married a Polish girl. She never really learnt Czech, so she always spoke Polish and we talked to her in Czech. But it made the difference in the languages really stand out :). Polish is fast, you "sing" more (well, Cz doesn´t sing at all), there´s a strong stress on certain syllables, there are many soft sounds...While Czech is sort of really boring... Slow, almost no stress (always 1st syllable), harsher sound...
@@maricallo6143 Yes, I think Czech is closer to southern Slavic languges in terms of being rather "flat". Although I still believe there is more pronounced stress in all the other languages. Slovakian is closest in terms of the stress being on the first syllable but it´s a softer language.
@@katieb3059 Yes, they often spoke only Polish as well, sort of depended on where etc. While living in Cz he spoke more Cz so that she would learn :D, never did.
Danish guy here… Icelandic is somewhat close to Old Norse (Viking language), and started as such, because Iceland was first inhabited by the Vikings, and Old Norse was the common language across Scandinavia. Danish, Swedish and Norwegian all started as dialects of Norse, and slowly became more and more distinctive from each other, but then also became influenced by the Germanic language base that started creeping into those dialects. Modern English comes from a combination and development of the Germanic language base, mixed with the Old Norse, a tiny bit of French and Old English words. A word like “skirt” comes directly from the Old Norse word “skirrta” (can’t remember the exact spelling), which was the word from a shirt or upper body clothing. I was once at a pool party at a hotel in Barcelona, and had been hanging out all day and night with a group of Brits and Americans, and they started discussing how each group wouldn’t talk the way they did if it weren’t for the other group. I then said that neither of them, would talk like they did, if it weren’t for my ancestors, in that their English was constructed from mainly my Danish/Scandinavian ancestors’ languages, and the Germanic mix. So I guess that technically makes English and American English Germanic based?
So for the Ex Yugoslav countries such as Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia and Montenegro share the same language with minor differences, the biggest one being the accent, and there are a few unique words and ways of speaking in each one, but they are almost identical.
Yeah right, Croatian has three dialects Chakavian, Kajkavian, and Shtokavian. Serbian, Montenegrin and Bosnian have only Shtokavian although i think Serbia has Torlakian dialect as well. Shtokavian speaker can hardly understand Chakavian and Kajkavian.
Basically the differences are like American, British, Australian ,Canadian. Same language. But theyre all called English. Where as in those slav countries, theyre actually recognized as different languages
@@FinestFantasyVI Not really, Serbs don't understand Chakavian and Kajkavian which are large part of Croatian language. Its like saying Irish and English are same languages because Irish speak also English ... Why don't we have Danish-Norwegian language its almost the same, but they are seen as separate languages.
@@Thoreaue Those are dialects of croatian. But the formal croatian is štokavian. I technically like in Kajkavian region accirding to map charts but speak štokavian All those differences in croatian and serbian are minor. Hence why i say British and American. Možemo se sto posto razumit ako ti sad ivako pišem. Vi govorite više ekavicom
Irish is taught in the school and it is in media, but people are rarely use it. Mostly English. Same situation between Belarusian and Russian. Russian just engulft everything. As did English in Ireland
Sounds like Ireland and Wales are similar then we are also trying to increase Cymraeg usage and all my children are learning welsh, my youngest is only taught in Welsh untill he starts secondary school there it's all welsh apart from English class and a foreign language probably French or German
russian was spoken by some people in Ukraine, until 2014.... still known by older people, in Kazakhstan, Armenia, Georgia, Bulgaria, Belarus, even in Mongolia... in addition to their official languages, that were officially restored in 1991.
I was born and raised in the Netherlands. At school we learn Dutch, English, German and French. Later I learned Spanish, just for the sake of it, and now I live in Portugal, so I also speak Portuguese. I can understand Italian and can speak some basic frases, and am learning Welsh. I know a lot of words and frases in many other languages. The first words I learn are greetings, how to say thank you and the word for horse.
There are several diacritical marks in European languages: the umlaut (the two dots above, say, ä, ö, û) is one of them. As Mötley Crüe noticed (apparently to their suprise), they mean something, they change the sound of the letters - and cannot normally be omitted: they can change the meaning of the word. HOW they change the sound varies from language to language.
And for example in Finnish "the dots" are NOT umlauts at all, so even that is highly dependent of the language. If you see ä or ö in Finnish, they're their own separate vowels, and you'll get a hoarde of finns correcting you if they're called umlauts
The video goes into more details for some countries (like Spain) than for other countries. For example in Germany one southern language/dialect such as Bavarian could have been represented, in France Breton or Corsican could have been shown considering how different it is to French. It probably goes for several countries in the list. Regarding Basque, this language has a very unique history (it predates Indo-European languages) and the Basque region is located in both Spain and France.
The issue is that from a linguistics standpoint, there’s no clear distinction between languages and dialects. The languages of Spain are officially defined as such and are (co-)official languages on a regional level. The dialects of German on the other hand don’t have this political recognition, even though speakers of different dialects may not even understand each other. Lëtzebuergesch exemplifes this perfectly: in an alternate reality it would be considered a German dialect (within the Moselle-Franconian group of dialects). The only reason, it’s considered a language is because the Luxemburg decided to officialise it.
@@walkir2662 true, from a linguistic point of view, Austria (with the exception of Vorarlberg) speaks Bavarian dialects (Bavarian as in the language [Bairisch], not Bavarian as in the German state [Bayrisch]). But the official language of Austria is still German, and that was exactly my point. There’s this famous quote about a language being a dialect with an army and a navy. This applies both ways: there’s German dialects or Italian dialects that are so different from the codified standard languages that they could be considered languages of their own, but aren’t for political or practical reasons. And there’s languages like Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian that are basically indistinguishable, but are considered individual languages purely for political and historical reasons. In the end, it’s what the majority of speakers are comfortable with and what the official opinion of the state is. In a lot cases having a codified language is a consequence of either being in power, having a long literary tradition or a reaction to historical oppression of the language. I live in Switzerland and speak a local German dialect, but I wouldn’t ever claim that I speak a language different to German, simply because that’s the closest codified standard language available to me, the language I use in writing and an official language of the state, and because of cultural proximity and (asymmetrical) mutual intelligibility. There’s no contradiction, I simply interpret German as a rather large umbrella for all sorts of different dialects that are united under the official standard language.
@@baumgrt The definition of a language is indeed more political than anything else, but Breton and Corsican in France are totally considered languages, so my critic remains. The video just went into more details for some countries. It was still a cool video though.
5:40 Yes, the Romanian language has the same Latin origin as Italian, and the country itself has its origins in Roman Empire. 19:10 No, it is not. It is an Uralic language with similar origins as Finnish. In my language (Czech), we call both of them Ugrofin _ish_ (in English officially Finno-Ugric) because of that. Estonian is also one of them. 25:4027:00 Well, Czech and Slovak were for many years the languages of one country. Their official versions today have many "technical" differences, but in the past, there were some official attempts to make both of them standardized as one, especially before 2ndWW. In spoken form, they are more just like dialects. You absolutely find words that are different, but you will also find them in different regions of Slovakia and Czech too, so every Czech will generally understand Slovak and vice versa. An interesting difference is understanding of spoken Polish which native Slovakians are usually better in than native Czech.
As a Dutch/German i grew up with those languages plus several dialects and all my life i live few kilometers from the German border and a few more kilometers from the Belgian -Wallonian (French speaking part) border. This probably makes it easier for me to understand foreign language. I found it easy to learn English and French at high school. Reading Norwegian, Swedish and Danish is relatively easy to me (without ever taking classes), but listening to it i don't understand anything😂.
Children in Ireland study Irish during full time mandatory education. But most people use English as their working language. Irish tourists often use Irish abroad when they don't want the locals to understand them as does the military when on UN peace keeping missions.
That was a great video. And I agree with you: learning languages is a great way to train your brain, to learn new cultures, to get together, to understand each other (and I mean this not only in the literal way) and I am very glad, learning languages is in every school curriculum in Europe. We are a bilingual family (me coming from Spain, but living in Germany) and both my sons also speak really good English. The older one is planning on learning Italian, I'm learning Catalá and my husband speaks Slovakian (he als grew up in a bilingual family)
When comparing European countries to USA states I feel like Europeans tend to underestimate the geographical scale of the USA while Americans tend to underestimate the cultural diversity of Europe. And not just differences between countries, even within countries.
Yep, Americans think that Europe isn't diverse because there are not so many dark skinned people like somehow skin tone is the most important aspect of diversity while in fact US pales in comparision in diversity aspect 😂
We know that the USA is huge like a whole continent…. But let’s face it, scale is far to be the most important factor for cultural diversity. The US, from a eurasian point of view is like a no man’s land. American states might often be huge, but it does not make them countries. The "big European countries" such as Germany, France, Spain or Italy, might look on the Map of the size of American states, they are way more densily populated. The regions of these countries have population comparable to American states, ans often more important thannmanynof them
@@fablb9006 very true, but I've never seen Canadians comparing their states to European countries. But often it's US Americans the ones making the argument that US states sizes are of similar size to European countries. That's why I mentioned the US specifically here
@@gtharyes, I actually dislike it when American seem to assume that the whole European continent is like a projection, an equivalent of the US on the other side of the Atlantic. They seem to think that there is a parallel between their country and Europe, and as such imagine that European countries are more or less equivalent of US states. They never assume this about, say, Canada, Mexico or Brazil, which, all of them also are federal states divided into big sized states, wich all also speak European languages and derived their culture as much if not more, from European nations, and mostlt European-descend people. We just have to see how they represent the divide of « civilisations », putting appart latin America, while lumped all Europe with USA into « western civilisation ». As if Europe US was the only country in the Americas to have European cultural roots and as if the whole of Europe was closer to the US than to other American countries.
Like others mentioned, countries also have minorities languages f ex in Poland Kashubian or Cassubian (endonym: kaszëbsczi jãzëk; Polish: język kaszubski) is a West Slavic language belonging to the Lechitic subgroup. In Poland, it has been an officially recognized ethnic-minority language. Also Silesian is recognised as language. As a polish person i would have real difficulty to understand those
@@MoodyMarco-vj3oe same with Catalan and Italian, also Romanian and Catalan share about 2.000 words, but I can only catch some words, not understand full sentences (wich I can do with Italian or Portuguese, not every word but the overall meaning of the sentence).
@@rvb2986 Belgians speak Dutch, French and a tiny bit of German. Their French is more different from French French than their Dutch is from Dutch Dutch, but I never hear anyone mention that.
There's also Occitan, which is spoken in the south of France and a tiny bit of northeastern Spain. It has no official status in France, but it does in Spain, where it is called Aranese.
Recently discovered your channel and really enjoying your videos! I wish that we ALL (this goes to both Europeans and Americans) had your curiosity, humbleness and kindness towards others and the rest of the world. We would understand each other much more and live in a simpler world.
19:15 The Hungarian language belongs to the Finno-Ugric language family, or more precisely, to the Ugric language subgroup. The history of the Hungarians themselves and of the people who were their ancestors explains the origin of their language. The Hungarians, unlike the Slavic or Germanic peoples, do not come from Europe. The Ugric peoples, from whom the ancestors of the Hungarians originated, separated from the Finno-Ugric peoples in the 2nd millennium BCE. At that time, they inhabited the areas east of the Urals. The Proto-Hungarians occupied the southern edge of these areas. After some time, they began to migrate westward, initially occupying the areas north of the Caspian Sea, and then heading towards the northern shores of the Black Sea, where they stayed for some time, and then moved towards the mouth of the Dnieper River into the Sea of Azov and even further west. Displaced from there by the Bulgars and Pechenegs, the Proto-Hungarians moved to the Pannonian Basin, which turned out to be the goal of their migration. This happened in 896 and is known to the Hungarians to this day as "Honfoglalás", or the occupation of the homeland. It is clear that they have come a long way and are newcomers from foreign lands, so their linguistic diversity should not be surprising.
@@IWrocker I will tell you that medieval chroniclers often presented Hungarians as wild, bloodthirsty people and mistakenly described them as descendants of the Huns. I think that is where the English name of the country comes from.
@@smiechuwarte-qt8pn Where are you from? I'm asking because most Hungarians who wander around RUclips are quite nationalistic and would definitely disagree with your comment.
@@RaduRadonys I am a Pole and as you know, until the corrupt pro-Russian Orban came to power, Poles have always been friends with Hungarians. We have common national heroes in history. Currently, Hungary is the Russian world in the EU with thieves in power, positions hostile to the West and Russian propaganda, which is why friendship with Poles has ended. As a Pole, I believe that current Hungary should be suspended from membership in the EU and NATO because they are enemies.
It's a bit like Alsatian, it's German with a very strong Palatine dialect and a ton of French influence, while Alsatian is German with a very strong Alemannic dialect and a ton of French influence.
31:05 a little fun fact, I'm from bosnia, and i can understand both serbian and croatian, bosnia croatia and serbia used to be one before, and speak same language. So yea, the3 are almost the same aside some differences and dialect. Me and a few colleagues were in a same class in school in a german school, me, a Serbian colleague and a Croatian colleague were sitting at the same table and chatting away like we were from a same country.
in italy you could do a further deep dive in the _dialects:_ in Italy there are about 20 to 30 different dialects (depending on the definition of dialect) and some of them are so well defined and structured (in terrms of grammar, syntax and vocabulary) that have become a distinct languages of their own, like Sardinian (spoken in the isle of Sardinia). So not only a german wouldn't understand an italian, but within Italy someone speaking sardinian wouldn't understand someone speaking the venetian dialect, and someone speaking the dialect in Piemonte (northern region) wouldn't understand someone speaking the dialect in Puglia (southern region)... As an example of how different they can be a "chair" in italian is "sedia" and in the piemontese dialect its "cadrega", a completely different word... and likewise the rest of the vocabulary... some words of the piemontese dialect come from past french occupation, some from previous celtic exchanges... it's amazing how rich and varied not only each state language is, but also each local variation of each "national" language, diversified in its many local variants : )
Germany as well, the dialect situation is similar to Italy with the various German dialects that form a continuum, but may be very different if you just switched different regions. Of course everybody speaks standard German, too.
Welsh (Cymraeg) Irish Galic and Scottish Galic are all related, as a Welsh learner it's also interesting to know that the words are not in the same order in Cymraeg it's the car red or Y car coch, not the red car, took me ages to get my head around that also what most people don't realise is that welsh is taught to all Welsh children even at special needs schools ( 2 of my children are specal needs) any my youngest son is taught only in Welsh and all his reading books and work is in Welsh as the government here wants to boost the number of Welsh speakers after a massive reduction from 1911 to 2001 also of note is there is Welsh speakers in Argentina Cannada and Australia
Ian! You did some good guessing and your openness is much appreciated. Additionally, I would like to point out that all languages and dialects mirror the way in which people see the world and themselfes. So we are dealing with a lot of very different cultures here. And that's where it gets really really interesting. It's hard to convey in a video though. Actually there is not a tremendous amount of social interaction among all those cultures. Every one is rather a bubble of it's own. We mostly just get along or visit for the mentioned different culture and special places or just for better earnings or lower gas prices. No rule without exception, of course.
The US is a nation-state, it can’t be compared to a whole continent made of 50 different nation-states, which, most of them, have logically their own languages. Inside each European country, or at least most of them, there is not much more linguistic diversity. People there are most of them monolingual, speaking their national language. Other European languages are foreign languages as much as they are form anglo-Americans. I am french, as such English, German, Spanish, Italian are foreign languages to which I might have some contact with because of geographical proximity, but still foreign as much as they are for anyone else outside of Europe. And other languages like serbian, finnish, Albanian, Hungarian, Polish, Bulgarian, sweish, icelandic, estonian are not only totally foreign but very exotic. Being in Europe does not mean that we are a unique nation. american should’understand this and stop making wrong paralels be their nation state and our continent
Месяц назад
I'd say the only real nation-states in Europe are Iceland and Malta.
@@Krenisphia Tolkien was an Oxford don & his subject was languages. You can read his stuff on Welsh, which he liked very much. Welsh & Irish are both Celtic languages, though of a different branch.
15:07 Norwegian An interesting point to mention is that the first woman is speaking with a northern dialect while the second one is speaking with a southern, Oslo-like dialect. I can understand why you feel it sounds quite different from the other scandinavian languages, especially because of the northern dialect perhaps. But yes, it is germanic like swedish and danish, so there are a lot of similarities, especially in the written form. I can understand swedish completely and danish at about 75% or something. Once I get into it, I can understand danish if it's spoken slowly and clearly like a newscaster would speak. Icelandic, however, is just random sounds with the occasionally regocnizable word.
One of my friends is half Spanish, half Croatian and grew up in Germany. He speaks these 3 languages and English fluently, and I've also learned that he speaks a little Portuguese and some Italian. I would be happy if I could speak 3 languages. 😁
l'm fluent in four languages and communicate in further three. l call this the advantage of living in a small country and having subtitled tv programmes.
In this video they only showed well institutionalised languages, that's why all of these were news clips. There's a wide spectrum of how much institutionalised a minority language can be in a nation where the language of the majority is different: it can be recognised by the central government as a symbolic gesture (like for example Friulan or Sardiniand in Italy) but it is not used in any official manner other than maybe road signs, the next level is when it is taught for a couple of hours a week in some schools of its native area or some schools even use it as the primary language of teaching but if you go to government offices in the area they still only talk and give you documents in the language of the majority (for example Corsican in Corsica), the final level is for it to be fully institutionalised, this basically means that your minority language will be enough for doing basically anything in your native area: you have media in your language, you learn in your language, you can go to the post office and all documents will be in your language etc. Europe has a lot more languages than the ones shown in this video, but many of them are not institutionalised enough to have media outlets that produce news spoken in that language. Some times it's because the language is spoken by too few people, but most of the times it's because it's complicated and politics gets involved (you know, central governments don't like giving autonomy to people that might start feeling different from the majority because they have a different culture and language).
@@TullaRask You are right, my observation was driven more by the romance languages' examples since I am a speaker of one and they are the ones I'm most familiar with. Out of all of the "minor" romance languages they only showed the ones of Spain and Romansh from Switzerland, even though basically all the regional languages of Italy have more speakers of Romansh, some even more than Catalan, and I also think Occitan still has some 100s of thousands of people speaking it. That's because the spanish government allows linguistic minorities to thrive and keep their languages alive by institutionalising them while the italian and french ones keep trying to crush them sadly.
And then there are regional dialects within each language which can differ so much from the codified language . I'm from western Slovakia and I could barely understand my grandparents from east as a kid, which isn't more than 400km (250mi) away. They were speaking the same language, just a bit differently. On the other hand, understanding Czech just comes naturally without any effort, unlike some east Slovak dialects.
I'm Italian and for the most part I'm as confused as you! Especially Northern and Eastern languages sound completely alien to me, and often really hard to tell apart. Maltese is insane because they use heaps of actual Italian words but the rest of it is incredibly different
@@IWrocker on another note, seeing you hear Hungarian and then first guess Slavic language, but then realize it's not sounding Slavic even though Hungary is close by - you get mad props for that! A man of culture indeed
Although Montenegro whose language is very similar only uses Latin. The only times I saw Cyrillic there was either church buildings or very old signage.
Romanian is actually very similar to Italian. It is the easiest foreign language for Romanians to learn. They are both part of the romance languages. They have very similar grammatic and about 70% of the words have common roots
I concur. My wife is Romanian and has no trouble with Italian. But the clue is in the name Roman-ia, it was part of the Roman empire when it was Dacia I understand.
I think, Romanian is prettier and more romantic than Italian because there is a little more in it, I don't know how to explain it. A little more spice maybe? More flavor? Greetings from Hungary!
An interesting thing about Romanian and Italian is the asymmetrical way in which Romanians can understand basic Italian, but the opposite is not as true. That's because Romanian has a lot of loanwords from Slavic or Turkish languages, but equivalent Latin words are still understood by them.
Yes. I speak some Italian and have hardly any problem understanding Romanian. It's a lot easier (for me) to understand than Spanish, French or Portugese, even though those are romanic languages too.
Hungarian is a unique language. Language experts say it has some similarity to Finish. Both languages allegedly are the most difficult in the world. I was surprised that Switzerland wasn't mentioned. The Swiss speak four languages in their small country: Schwyzerdütsch, German, French, Italian. To me as Austrian Schwyzerdütsch is incomprehensible, although the dialect of the Austrian counties Tyrol and Vorarlberg which border to Switzerland sounds pretty similar. But as a Viennese I can't understand that guttural dialect either. It's only a distance of roughly 500km from Vienna to Innsbruck (Tyrol), but I'm unable to understand the dialect there. Btw, my favourite of European languages is Italian. I love its sound and everything else about Italy. Its beauty, the mentality, fashion, food, etc.. Almost every city, town, village is a historical jewel and beautiful.
my language (icelandic) is similar to the other nordic languages .. we just tend to speak a bit fast and slur words. Also yes .. kind of germanic to a degree. edit: Faroese is very similar to icelandic .. and when i wreote "other nordic languages" i certainly did NOT include Finnish, because that is just a pain to learn.
Oh it's very much a Germanic language, but not a German one. Of course, Icelandic phonetics and grammar is different - you've kept the old case system but the Old Norse sounds have changed in a different way from the continental Scandinavian languages - whose native speakers don't understand you.
Icelandic sounds like a Germanic language spoken by Celts. Faroese is even more Irish-like. Note that I’m talking only about the phonetics. The weirdest thing is that Icelandic sounds similar to Mongolian.
Your videos are amazing! You are really fascinated about Europe! It also makes us appreciate our rich cultures)Let me know if you ever plan to visit Estonia 🇪🇪
As a North Zealand Dane, I understand Swedish and Norwegian, no problem. I have family in both countries, so all 3 languages have been spoken at family get-togethers throughout my life. If I 'tweek' my ears just a bit, I understand at least half of the Icelandic & Faroese, too (but they learn Danish in school, as well) At school, German, French, Latin & Russian were on the curriculum, then after school travelling through Europe, I picked up Greek, Italian, Portugese (Spanish) Welcome to Europe, Ian...come on over!!! 🇩🇰 p.s. They forgot Greenlandic 😉 Hello from Denmark 🌸
Det dårligeste med alle de Skandinaviske sprog, er hvis man skriver. Det er meget enklere for meg at snakke Dansk enn at skrive på Dansk. For meg er Svensk det bedste at skrive på, men det er for jeg er oppvokst med Svensk i skole, for i Dansker er det lige vanskeligt at skrive på Svensk. Vi er kun bare mennisker, hvad kan vi gøre? Vi skall vara glada att alla de dialekter i Sverige icke har en egen ortografi.
Greenland belongs geographically to America. I guess that's the cause for omitting it. Only its history connects it to Europe - like with other colonized lands around the globe. Greenlandic itself is an Inuit language closely related to Inuit languages in Canada, the US (Alaska), and Russia.
Just to clarify, Lithuania isn't Estonia's neighbor. Finland, Russia, Latvia and Sweden are. Latvian and Lithuanian are Baltic languages and belong to the Indo-European language family. Finnish and Estonian with other smaller Finnic languages belong to the Finno-Ugric language family, which is very different from Indo-European languages.
I'm a native Faroese speaker. It only has around 70,000 speakers in total in the world, of which 56k live on the Faroe Islands and the majority of the rest live in Denmark. The Faroe Islands, Greenland and Denmark are all a part of the Kingdom of Denmark, which means we are all Danish citizens. The language situation is pretty interesting, since Faroese is used in all areas of daily life on the Faroe Islands, but isn't used at all in Denmark and Greenland, and the same with Greenlandic in Greenland. Danish is the only official language in Denmark, but is co-official in the Faroe Islands together with Faroese. Greenlandic is the sole official language in Greenland. Faroese kids are forced to learn 3 languages to a fluent level before the end of grade 9. We start with Faroese in grade 1, Danish in grade 3 and English in grade 4 (but it was from grade 5 when I was in school). It was moved down to grade 4 a few years ago, because they wanted the kids to be more proficient in English. Faroese and Icelandic are the closest related languages to each other, but they aren't mutually intelligible when spoken, but are more understandable when read. Danish, Norwegian and Swedish are much more intelligible with each other in all ways, than what Faroese and Icelandic are to each other. All five languages are considered Scandinavian languages, which are classified as North Germanic. They share similarities with German, but we don't understand German at all without studying it.
When you grow up in Europe it's so perfectly normal to have a different language when you travel more than a few hours. Or to hear lots of languages spoken in cities. It's funny to see you completely mindblown by this 🤯
Lmao. Woa..Slowly. Europe is NOT the United "States" of Europe in no shape or form. There are huge CULTURAL DIFFERENCES as ethnic appearance as belive systems and national INTERESTS between "Europeans" like (let's say but not only) someone from Sweden and someone from Greece. Or a guy from Spain and and a guy from Hungary or England or Russia. Keep in mind it's not about Continents or countries but about: CULTURES. Under the line there is a HUGE difference between the USA and the DIFFERENT NATIONS of Europe that maybe make the political EU but the EU (not all European nations are or want to be in the EU) does not make Europe and for sure not the United "States" of Europe. There are no "states " here BUT there are: Different Nations with CULTURES who are thousands of years old.
Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, Icelandic and Faroese all has its origins in the Germanic language. Norwegians, Swedes and Danes all can understand each other quite easily. I am half Norwegian and half British, I am born and raised in Norway, I have worked for Swedish and Danish companies and understand both of them easily. My sister studied in Sweden for 3 years and didn´t have to take any language classes to understand anything. I didn´t see Sami in there, which is a language spoken by the indigenous population in northern Norway, Sweden and Finland. And Corsu which is spoken in parts of Corsica. Basque is a language spoken in the Basque parts of Spain and France, Catalan is spoken in Catalunya in Spain and a small part of France. So not all languages follow todays country borders, but what they used to be before todays borders. And Kazakstan is not in Europe, that is in Asia.
My mum learned Kashubian for her thesis, which I still find very cool. There's a lot of extinct/dangerously close to disappearing languages in Europe, but lately there's been a lot of effort put into keeping regional and ethnic minority languages alive, and I'm hoping it will work long term. Was Breton mentioned in the video? I love that one. And Manx! Went to Isle of Man recently, got myself some Manx books for beginners.
Many people say that, there are some pronunciation similarities. The Langfocus channel has a very interesting video explaining why it might be in great detail.
And countries can also have regional languages, like my country The Netherlands has Dutch as the main language, but in the north some people also speak Frisian language, and one province is called Friesland. In Germany Frisian language does also exist, and there are even different kinds of Frisian languages.
@@erosgritti5171 historically, we've always used Cyrillic alphabet. When Serbia and Montenegro joined together and later Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was formed, schools started teaching both Cyrillic (which was what Serbs used) and Latin (used by Croats and Slovenes). Even before that, many in northern province of Serbia used Latin due to close contact with Habsburg monarchy. Now it's really practical to be able to use Latin in a digital world while still having our culture and heritage preserved through Cyrillic. It is a bit confusing for the kids when they start learning to read and write, but after that, it's actually quite easy. If I was reading a text and halfway through it went from one to the other, I don't think I would even notice
if Serbia joins EU, being one of the rare country using cyrillic could be a little disturbance.... Using latin alphabet is a nice effort, and could release some tensions in Bosnia i Herzegovina...
I'll try to write the language families of Europe as best as I can!
I.Indo-European:
1.Romance:
a.Western:
-Italian
-Neapolitan
-Sicilian
-Istriot
-Friulian
-Ladin
-Piedmontese and Lombard (could be considered the same language)
-Ligurian
-Emilian and Romagnol (considered dialects of the same language)
-French (with its many creoles around the world)
-Franco-Proveçal
-Ventian
-Occitan
-Sardinian
-Romanch
-Catalan and Valencian (considered the same language)
-Spanish (with many variants in America)
-Ladino
-Aragonese
-Asturleonese and Mirandese (could be considered the same language)
-Galician
-Portuguese (different variant in Brazil)
b.Eastern:
-Romanian and Moldovan (considered the same language)
-Aromanian
-Megleno-Romanian
-Istro-Romanian
c.Modern Latin (no native speakers but still for administrative use)
2.Celtic:
a.Brittonic:
-Welsh
-Breton
-Cornish
b.Godeiric:
-Irish
-Manx
-Scottish Gaelic
3.Germanic:
a.North Germanic:
-Danish
-Swedish
-Norwegian
-Faroese
-Icelandic
b.West Germanic:
-High German (this includes Standard German and Yiddish and can be divided into many distinct dialects, Upper ones such as Bavarian and Swabian, and Central ones such as Luxembourgish and Franconian)
-Low German (many dialects such as Saxon)
-Frisian
-Dutch (related to Afrikaans in Africa)
-English (and its many creoles and variants worldwide)
-Scots
4.Slavic:
a.West Slavic
-Polish
-Slovakian
-Czech
-Sorbian
-Kashubian
-Silesian (not to be confused with Silesian German, which is a High German dialect)
b.East Slavic
-Russian
-Belarusian
-Rusyn
-Ukrainian
c.South Slavic
-Slovene
-Serbo-Croatian (includes Bosnian and Montenegrin)
-Bulgarian and Macedonian (sometimes considered dialects of the same language, very controversial)
5.Baltic:
-Latvian and Latgalian (sometimes considered the same language)
-Lithuanian and Samogitian (sometimes considered the same language)
6. Iranian (this is a very large family in Asia, however I will only write the languages present in Europe):
-Ossetian
-Tat (closely related to Persian)
7.Indo-Aryan (just like Iranian, extremely diverse in Asia, not so much in Europe):
-Romani (many variants of it)
8.Albanian
9.Hellenic:
a.Attic:
-Greek
-Italiot
b.Doric:
-Tsakonian
10.Armenian (this language is spoken fully within Asia, however it is strongly associated with European culture)
II.Uralic:
1.Samoyedic (these could also be considered Asian):
-Enets
-Nenets
-Nganasan
-Selkup
2.Permic:
-Komi (many variants of it)
-Udmurt
3.Sami (many variants of it)
4.Mari
5.Mordvinic:
-Erzya
-Moksha
6.Ugric:
-Mansi
-Khanty
-Hungarian
7.Finnic:
-Finnish
-Estonian
-Ingrian
-Livonian
-Veps
-Votic
-Karelian
-Ludic
III.Turkic (very diverse family throughout Europe and Asia, I will focus on Europe):
1.Oghur:
-Chuvash
2.Oghuz:
-Turkish
-Gagauz
-Azerbaijani
3.Kipchak:
-Bashkir
-Kumyk
-Karachay-Balkar
-Urum
-Krymchak
-Karaim
-Kazakh
-Volga Tatar
-Dobrujan Tatar
-Crimean Tatar
-Nogai Tatar
IV.Kartvelian:
1.Svan
2.Georgian-Zan:
-Georgian
-Mingrelian
-Qivruli
-Laz
V.Afro-Asiatic:
1.Semitic:
-Maltese
VI.Mongolic (Asian family):
-Kalmyk
VII.Caucassian:
1.Northwest:
a.Abkhaz
b.Circassian:
-Adygey
-Cherkess
-Kabardin
2.Northeast:
a.Dagestani:
-Agul
-Avar
-Dargin
-Lak
-Lezgin
-Rutul
-Tabasaran
-Tsakhur
b.Veinakh:
-Ingush
-Chechen
VIII. Basque (language isolate, possibly the oldest language in Europe)
I hope there's nothing that I omitted or miscategorized, but these should be most of them.
Nganasan is very much not related to Europe
But it's an extremely fascinating language, I actually think it's so cool
@@Xnoob545 when it comes to northern Eurasia, the cultural line between Europe and Asia gets very blurry to me.
It's my personal perception of the Uralic people as Europeans that made me include it.
I agree that Nganasan is spoken quite deep into Asia though, as are most Samoyedic languages, maybe excepting Nenets.
Zuid-Afrikaans is related to Dutch, not the other way around.
Otherwise, great list. 👍
Very underrated comment. Must have been lot of work
Bravo! Very impressing💪 I would like to have this list of languages imprinted on a scarf❤
It’s great that you’re interested in Europe’s language diversity! But it’s worth remembering that, before Europeans arrived, North America also had an incredible variety of languages. Indigenous peoples spoke hundreds of unique languages, each tied deeply to their own cultures and lands. Many of these languages didn’t survive the impacts of colonization, but some are still spoken and preserved today. So, in a way, North America was once just as linguistically diverse as Europe!
That is so true, thank You for mentioning that, I’ve acknowledged that before and am disappointed I forgot to mention it here.
@@IWrocker we have a lot of languages that are inherently seen as a last part of a culture that has been integrated into countries, like Sorbian or Friesian or the regional Low German in Germany.
A lot of regions have completely lost their Low German because it was frowned upon and now people who grew up speaking it at one have died off.
I grew up in a region where the only Low German we saw was one yearly motto for the annual Fair (Heimatsfest).
Serbians and Friesians are protected groups inside of Germany, like the Sami are in Finland. So they have managed to scrape by from losing their languages completely, but it is an ongoing effort to keep these languages and cultures alive
Hungarian is related to Finnish and Estonian, that's why they were grouped together in the video, I guess. Finno-Ugric language family. Most of Europe speaks Indo-European language like Spanish, German or Russian. The other exceptions are Maltese (Arabic), basque (language isolate), Turkish and Tatar (Turkic), and Kalmyk (Mongolian).
@@IWrocker Off topic a bit; but how can you not have learned your wife's native language man?
If not out of love and respect then surely out of self-interest. Trust me mate; you want to!
Half my family is Cuban and I didn't spoke a word Spanish before any of them they were in my life except 'Dos Cervezas por favor', but man am I glad I forced myself to learn it at least to some degree. Hope you catch my drift here. ;)
Also, European languages have evolved for many hundreds of years. Romance languages (for example) date back more than a thousand years, so perhaps in a few centuries there will be as many descendants of English like there are now of Latin. Even now, Castillan Spanish sounds very different in many central and south American countries, which themselves sound different from what's spoken in Spain.
The US (and Canada) are just younger.
1:32 italian (italiano)
2:33 frensh (français)
2:51 portuguese (português)
5:05 romanian (limba română)
6:00 spanish (español)
7:14 catalan (català)
7:41 galician (galego)
8:17 romansh (rumantsch)
8:42 basque (euskara)
9:50 greek (ελληνικα)
10:44 albanian (shqip)
11:20 german (deutsch)
12:06 dutch (nederlands)
13:01 english
14:05 swedish (svenska)
14:39 danish (dansk)
15:06 norwegian (norsk)
15:38 islandic (íslenska)
16:41 lucembourgish (lëtzebuergesch)
17:48 faroese (føroyskt mál)
18:21 finnish (suomen kieli)
18:47 hungarian (magyar nyelv)
20:13 estonian (eesti keel)
20:41 lithuanian (ietuvių kalba)
21:35 latvian (latviešu valoda)
23:25 russian (русский язык)
24:00 belarusian (беларуская мова)
24:37 Ukrainian (українська мова)
25:19 polish (polski)
26:15 czech (čeština)
27:24 slovak (slovenčina)
29:05 bulgarian (български)
29:43 slovene (slovenščina)
30:45 croatian (hrvatski)
31:00 serbian (српски)
31:39 macedonian (македонски)
32:30 bosnian (bosanski)
33:06 montenegrin (црногорски)
33:27 irish (gaeilge)
35:17 scottish gaelic (gàidhlig)
35:43 welsh (cymraeg)
36:05 maltese (malti)
36:42 georgian (ქარდული)
37:44 armenian (Հայերէն)
38:05 turkish (türkçe)
38:45 azerbaijani (azərbaycan)
39:38 kasakh (qazaq)
Thank you for your comment!
banque (euskara) Język bankierów? baSQue :D
@@TomaszBdziękuję, autokorekta 😂
Thank you for putting in what we actually call Irish, a lot of people don’t. Although, it is spelled “gaeilge” so no “h”
Where is Swiss German? And turkish isnt europe.
19:07 No the Hungarian language is not a Slavic language, it has more relation to the Uralic languages such as Finnish and Estonian, but that is due to how the sentences are made. But it is really unique, nothing really like it in a sense that no other country uses the same vocabulary. Turkish has some common words with Hungarian but that is more due to our history. I recommend to learn about Hungarian history, it's an interesting one.
And it has a reputation for being very difficult to learn.
It's really interesting. But unforetunately completely useless to actually learn.
you should finally return from where you arrived and let Great Moravia to form again 😀
@@digidol52it’s because of lack of similarities with other languages.
If you know French, German and English. Spanish, Italian and Portugese are easy to learn.
@@Pidalin yeah because the Czech and Slovaks would just form a new empire together, they work together greatly, so greatly in fact that they fell apart so they can work together better.
Also tell Germany, Poland, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Austria, Croatia and Slovenia to just give up on territories, i am sure they are going to willingly give it away.
I love how the Italian journalist was talking about added taxes to "core product" such as "olive oil and Prosecco (sparkling wine)". We really got our priorities straight.
😂
Jokes aside, they are really important to their economy...
Haha, so she actually said prosecco? I wondered about that.
😂😂
@@laufert7100 and the Dutch one was obviously talking about Trump... we would need to be talking about fish, transport, cheese, desserts to be closely right(Crompouce for example Croissant + Tompouce)
Your description of Luxembourgish is actually really good, since it does contain words from german and french
I love it because it sounds so funny to me
It’s really a German dialect getting passed off as a national language. But hey, Scandinavian languages are virtually the same too.
The humble curiosity that always is the basis of your reactions is what the world needs more of! Love your channel buddy! Greetings from the very southern part of Sweden! ✌🏻😊🇸🇪
Absolutely agree!
Skåne back to Denmark 🇩🇰✊.
@@renehansen590 Oh, a Scania reference!
Ett självständigt Skåne , det hade varit det bästa för oss!
Definetly the wourld need more of it .. Greetigs from mid Sweden
I drive 2 hours west they speak France
I drive 2 hours south they speak talian
I drive 2 hours north they speak German
As a Truckedriver it really helps if you at least can do some basic conversations. Sometimes i dont even know what language they talk in that particular village. Its all mixed up.
average switzerland experience
I drive 2 hours to any direction, they still speak Finnish but I'm looking for a dictionary or Finnish embassy 😂
Dialects people, dialects 😄
I cycle two hours East they speak German, I cycle two hours West they speak Frisian.
@@DenUitvreter sounds like you end most sentences with: ja. like most people in Groningen do.
@@kleineteen8043 It's spelled "jaaaaaaa" around here. But no, I not born and raised around here.
Your humbleness and kindness goes a long way my man. Keep it up 😊
Just would like to ad that there are more than 1300 different dialects here in Norway. We can’t understand ourself sometimes 😂
.... sant .... det fant jeg også ut ... 😃
8:00 Galician is the twin-sister language of Portuguese. (Spanish is just a first cousin...)
8:40 Romansh is a Romance language spoken in tiny pockets of Switzerland. About 1% of the population speaks it. Because it's surrounded by German speakers, Romansh's phonology and orthography is quite Germanic.
9:00 Basque is a complete language isolate, with no surviving related languages. It's the last pre-Indo-European language left in Europe. Spanish is closer to Hindi, Farsi (Persian) or Latvian than it is to Basque, even though Basque is spoken natively in N Spain. Of course, with centuries of coexistence, there are numerous loan words from Basque into Spanish and vice-versa. Linguist also believe Basque might have had an important role in shaping Spanish phonology.
Why when people talk about the Basque language they always mention Spain or Spanish and NEVER France or French when the Basque language is also spoken in the French part of the Basque Country?
@@ializarg Mayne because France has spent centuries trying to remove anything non-french from its country because they think they are lesser cultures?
@@ializarg I'd also like to see a French basque speak basque because the example given in this video sounded very Spanish to me (I speak French, Portuguese, Enfglish and have pretty good notion of Spanish and Italian). By "sounded very Spanish", I mean that the words were obviously not Spanish for the most part, but the intonations and rhythm were very similar to Spanish as it is spoken in Spain.
@@ializarg Maybe because there was less exchange between french and euskari than spanish and euskari? It's an hypothesis, I have no real idea, since I very rarely exchanged with "French Basques" and know a lot of "Spanish Basques"
@@bottlebuk@ializarg "french basques" speak basque with french accent; "spanish basques" with spanish one. And France is a more homogeneity-driven country, basques have a very difficult time trying to mantain the culture and language (basque schools in france are all private, whereas in spanish side the autonomous basque government can provide basque public education, even university).
And to add more comlexity, Basque as a language is not even very homogeneous, each town or region has it's own way of speaking, own vocabulary, etc. I once met a "french basque" and as a "spanish" one, we could not understand each other very well so we ended up speaking in English😅
A notable omission here are the Sami languages, spoken by the indigenous people across northern Norway, Sweden, Finland and northwestern Russia. There's countless varieties, but the majority seems to be Northern Sami. The Norwegian state broadcaster (NRK) does have news programs as well as some other programming in Northern Sami, which is also carried by the Swedish (SVT) and Finnish (YLE) state broadcasters: ruclips.net/video/fWMLErYKqBM/видео.htmlsi=cms3MD1EPQ1SCfUa
Then there's tons of other minority ethnic languages across the nordics, such as Kven, Elfdalian etc..
Breton miss too...
A notable omissions, breton and Corsica.
Sami are not indigenous to Norway Sweden and Finland the Sami are related to the Finns and arrived more then two thousand+ years after the Nordics lived in the area
and also Sorbian
@@thegerms607 Cornish and Manx are missing from the English speaking Isles
5:39 Romanian here. I remember watching a documentary that was in Italian and I was surprised by how much I understood. you can't really compare the language used in documentaries with everyday Italian, but it was interesting that I understood most of it without reading the subtitles. this was about 15 years ago, when I was in middle school.
Well, Romanian is still a Latin language heavily influenced by slavic.
That's interesting! I'm Swedish and one time I was listening to a colleague speak with someone else and I kept arguing back and forth in my head: "it sounds like Italian, but not quite, there's Russian in there too". When they told me they were Romanian it made so much sense to me 😄
What documentary was?
As a European, I must confess that some languages I also heard for the first time in my life and had no idea they existed. :D
Totally agree!
Some I even didn't know exist.
We have this kids‘ show „Die Maus“ (the mouse). In the beginning they summarize what will be happening, first in Germany then again in a foreign language, changing every time. It began in 1971. That’s where I heard and learned my first foreign words. 🐭
Same here :D
Which ones did you not know existed?
That's true.. I feel the same 😅😂
You are correct about the Luxembourgish, it is indeed a Germanic language with a lot of French influence.
Makes some sense, better to add more French words instead of german words so the germans have a harder time to understand the people when they invade again.
Until about a century ago, what was spoken in Luxembourg was largely just one of the many German dialects. It became a language when it was codified and a written standard was established. It is very close to some German dialects spoken just across the border. It does have a lot more French than German itself, though.
Germans can understand it mostly, in as much as Germans can understand the (stronger) dialects within their own borders, exposure helps as well as coming from that quadrant of Germany. Knowing French also helps because of the significant number of French loan words.
I’d say there are German dialects that are harder to understand for Germans than Luxembourgish, Walliserdütsch comes to mind, and I am not even counting Plattdeutsch which at this state I would consider its own language.
@@dd-di3mzNot really funny at all. It's still quite easy to understand Letzeburgisch for Germans. I highly doubt it's a language in its own right. I consider it as a dialect and only for political reasons linguists are forced to call it another language.
For example Switzerland German (Schwytzerdütsch) has seperated much more from German and still isn't called an own language though I'd consider it to be one. The only reason I can understand Schwytzerdütsch is I'm native southwest German dialect. All other Germans need translation more or less. It's also the tribal dialect of "Alemannen" living north and south of Switzerland border. That's why France calls all Germany Allemagne, though we are just a tribe living in that area near France.
@@dd-di3mz Luxembourg used to be German speaking. Luxembourgish is essentially the local dialect of German pronounced a separate language and given its own orthography, for the purpose of emphasizing their national identity. It's virtually identical to close border dialects in Germany, except there they identify as German speakers. For Germans the couple of French words don't really pose an obstacle, but the fact that Luxembourgish is intentionally constructed to be as different from standard German as possible is an obstacle, unless you're from a nearby region.
That said, Luxembourg hasn't given up on German. The country is officially trilingual: French, Standard German and Luxembourgish, where arguably the latter two are dialects of each other.
@@wonderfalg As a North German I can understand some versions of Swiss German without translation, some others I can't.
I wasn’t expecting you to say Dobrý deň, it took me off guard but I was pleasantly surprised, good job! :D
Kazakhstan is in Central-Asia !
There are also different dialects of all french regions (Differents occitan (Oc (latin) (France, Spain and Italy): Provençal; auvergnat; gascon…) dialects; catalan (latin); basque (Not indo-european); celtic breton; latin breton; germanic alsatian, idem for the mosellan and the lorraine;
latin alsatian, idem for the mosellan and the lorraine; flemish (germanic); norman and others oïl (latin) dialects; french roms (Gypsies; manouche…) dialects; many french creoles languages (DOM TOM (Africa; America; Polynesia…): Île de la Réunion; Antilles; Guyana; New Caledonia; Mayotte…), french dialects and french creoles of former french territories (Canada (Quebec); USA (Louisiana (Acadian (Cajun…))); Jersey (Normandy of UK); Belgium; Roman Swiss; Monaco; Haiti; Madagascar; Côte d’Ivoire; Algérie; Vietnam…),
all italian regions (Occitan; sardinian; catalan sardinian; sicilian; neapolitan; calabrian; grecanico (Greek and latin); arberesh (Albanian and latin); italian croatian dialect; italian germanic dialects; gypsies and others roms italian dialects…)…
@@Dibipable 5% of Kazakhstan is in Europe
I am from Ireland, irish language is compulsory subject in irish schools. Even though the vast majority of the population speaks English. Every road and street signs are written in both irish and English. We have an Irish language radio and TV station. Every news bulletin is broadcast in irish and English. I can speak a little Irish due to the fact that my Irish teacher teacher was an alcoholic and taught most of the time with a hangover. However I am fluent in French German Italian Spanish and could get by with various other languages. My neighbour is from Serbia so I'm learning a little.
That is so cool, thank You for sharing 🎉
Also shout out to your incredible road markings in Ireland (and yes, they are always in both languages), it is only the second country I managed to get platinum on GeoGuessr after my home of the Czech Republic.
I'm not sure why they put Irish when what they actually speak is Gaelic in Ireland. They did put Scottish Gaelic for Scotland so why not Gaelic for Ireland I wonder?
@@Ragedaonenlonely We put Gaeilge on our road signs in Ireland, we just call it Irish.
@@IWrocker If you are interested, An Irish language film called "Kneecap". was released worldwide in cinemas this year.
96% on Rotten Tomatoes.
Basque {Euskara} is a pre European language isolate- no existing related languages on the planet.
You forgot about the basque-icelandic pidgin
Su=water /水 (Suv)=fluent-flowing/Suvu>Sıvı=fluid, liquid/Suv-up=liquefied
Suy-mak=to make it flow away /flow>movement=suîva=civa=جیوه=水銀>cyan=جان=人生>civan>cive>जीव
Suv-mak=to make it flow on/upwards >suvamak=to plaster
Süv-mek=to make it flow inwards >süv-er-i=cavalry
Sür-mek=to make it flow ON something =~to drive/apply it on/spread it over
(Su-arpa)>chorba>surppa=soup /Surup>şurup=syrup /Suruppat>şerbet=sorbet /Surab>şarap=wine /Surah>şıra=juice şire=milky
Süp-mek=to make it flow outwards /Süp-ğur-mek>süpürmek=to sweep
-mak/mek>umak/emek=aim/exertion (machine/mechanism)
-al/el=~get via
-et=~do/make
-der=~set/provide
-kur=~set up
-en=own diameter/about oneself
-eş=each mate/each other/together or altogether
-la/le = ~present this way /show this shape
Sermek=to make it flow in four directions =to spread it laying over somth
Sarmak=to make it flow around somth =to wrap, to surround
Saymak=to make it flow drop by drop /one by one from the mind =~to count, ~to deem (sayı=number >bilgisayar=computer)
Söymek=to make it flow through > Söy-le-mek=to make sentences flow through the mind=~to say, to tell
Sövmek=to say whatever's on own mind=swearing
Sevmek=to make flow/pour from the mind to the heart >to love
Süymek=to make it flow thinly (Süÿt> süt= दूध/ milk)
Soymak=to make it flow over it/him/her (to peel, ~to strip )(soygan>soğan=onion)
Soy-en-mak>soyunmak=to undress (Suy-ğur-mak)>sıyırmak=~skinning ,skimming
Siymek=to make it flow downwards=to pee Siÿtik>sidik=urine
Say-n-mak>sanmak=to pour from thought to the idea>to arrive at a guess
Savmak=to make it pour outward/put forward/set forth >sav=assertion
Sav-en-mak>savunmak=to defend /Sav-ğur-mak>savurmak=to strew it outward (into the void)
Sav-eş-mak>savaşmak=to shed each other's blood >savaş=war
Savuşmak=scatter altogether around >sıvışmak=~run away in fear
Sağmak=to ensure it pours tightly >Sağanak=downpour >Sahan=somth to pour water
Sağ-en-mak>sağınmak=to spill from thought into emotions> ~longing
Sormak=to make it spill the inform inside/force him to tell
Sekmek=to go (by forcing/hardly) over it forwards
Sakmak=to get/keep/hold-back forcely or hardly (sekar=?)
Sak-en-mak>sakınmak =to ponder hard/hold back/beware
Sak-la-mak=keep back/hide it >sak-la-en-mak=saklanmak=hide oneself
Soğmak=to penetrate (by force)> Soğurmak=make it penetrate forced inward= to suck in
Sokmak=to put/take (by force) inward
Sökmek=to take/force out from the inside(~unstitch/rip out)
Sıkmak=to press (forcibly) from all sides=squeeze (Sıkı=tight)
Sığmak=fit into hardly /Sığ-en-mak>sığınmak=take refuge in
Sezmek=to keep it gently flow mentally =to sense, intuit
Sızmak=to flow slightly =to ooze
Süzmek=to make it lightly flow from top to bottom >to filter
Suŋmak=to extend it forward, put before, present
Süŋmek=to get expanded outwards /sünger=sponge
Sıŋmak=to reach by stretching upward/forward
Siŋmek=to shrink oneself by getting down or back (to lurk, hide out)
Söŋmek=to get decreased by getting out or in oneself (fade out)
Tan=the dawn /旦
Tanımak=to get the differences of =to recognize
Tanınmak=tanı-en-mak=to be known/recognized
Tanıtmak=tanı-et-mak=to make known/introduce
Tanışmak=tanı-eş-mak=to get to know each other/meet for the first time
Danışmak=to get inform through each other
Tanılamak=tanı-la-mak=diagnose
Tıŋı=the tune (timbre) /调
Tıŋ-mak=to react verbally >Tınlamak= ~to take into account/respond
Tıŋı-la-mak=to get the sound out
Tiŋi-le-mek=to get the sound in >Dinlemek=to listen/ 听
Tiŋ-mek=to get at the silence >Dinmek=to keep calm
Denk=Sync>登克>~equal /a-thank*Deng-e=balance
Thenğ-mek>Değmek=achieve a harmonious reaction/ to touch
Thenğe-mek>Denemek=to try to get a harmonious response in return
teğet=tangent /tenger>değer=sync level >worth /teng-yüz>deŋiz=sea
eşdeğer=equivalent /eş diğerine denk=equal to each other
Deng-en-mek>değinmek =to mention/touch upon
Deng-eş-mek>değişmek =to turn into somth else equivalent /get altogether a change
Deng-eş-der-mek>değiştirmek =to change it /exchange
Çığ (chuw)=avalanche /雪崩
Çığ-ğur-mak =çığır-mak= ~to scream /read by shouting
Çağırmak=to call /inviting /称呼 /邀请
Çığırı >Jigir >Şiir=Poetry /诗歌
Cığır-la-mak >Jırlamak >to squeal /shout with a shrill voice
Çığırgı >Jırgı >Şarkı=Song / 曲子
Çiğ (chee)=uncooked, raw / 生
Çiğne-mek =to chew / 咀嚼
(Çiğnek) Çene=chin /下巴
Çiğ (chiu)= dew/ 汽 , 露 (çi’çek=flower/ çi’se=drizzle)
Taş=the stone (portable rock)/大石头
Taşı-mak =to take (by moving) it >to carry
Taşı-et-mak =Taşıtmak> to have it transported
Taşı-en-mak =Taşınmak>to move oneself to a different place
Kak-mak=to give direction (kak-qa-eun> kakgan=which one's directing>Kağan>Han) (Baş-khan>Başkan=president)
Kak-der-mak>kaktırmak=~to set aside
Kak-el-mak>kağılmak =to be oriented via /be fixed somewhere >kalmak= to stay
Kakıluk-mak=to tend upward >kalkmak=to stand up /get up
Kak-el-der-mak>kağıldırmak>to make it being steered away>kaldırmak=to remove
Kak-en-mak>kağınmak=to be inclined>kanmak /ikna olmak=to ac-know-ledge it's so /be convinced
Kak-en-der-mak>kağındırmak>kandırmak (ikna etmek)=~to trick (to persuade)
Der-mek=to provide bringing them together to create an order /der-le-mek=to compile
/deri=derm
Dar-mak=to bring into a different order by disrupting the old >tarkan=conqueror
/tarım=agriculture /tarla=arable field /taramak=to comb
Dar-el-mak>darılmak=to be in a disturbed mood towards someone
Dur-mak=to keep the same order /keep being, /survive /halt on
(thoru>diri= alive) durabilir=durable /boğa-thor>bahadır=冒頓=survivor-victim> war veteran
boğa=sacrificed by strangling >buga > buhag > pigah> 피해자> pig
Dur-der-mak> durdurmak=~to stop /diri-el-mek>dirilmek= be revived
Diremek=make to stand against /direnmek=resist /diretmek=insist
(Tüz-mek) Dizmek=to keep it in the same order /the same line
Dür-mek=to roll it into a roll /dürülmek=get rolled /dürüm=roll of bread
(Tör-mek) Dörmek=to rotate it on its axis >to mix up
Thöre-mek>türemek=become a new layout/form by coming together in the same medium (tür= kind /type)
Thörük=order formed by coming together >Türk
Töre=order established over time=tradition /torah=sacred order /tarih=history
Thör-et-mek>türetmek=to create a new layout combining= to derive
Thör-en-mek>dörünmek=to rotate oneself /turn by oneself
Törünmek>törnmek>Dönmek=to turn oneself /döner=rotary /turna=flamingo
Dön-der-mek>döndürmek=to turn something
Dön-eş-mek>dönüşmek=turn (altogether) into something
Dön-eş-der-mek>dönüştürmek=to convert /transform
(Edh) Ez-mek=to thin something down by pressing over=to crush /run over
(Edg) Eğ-mek=to turn something the other way or to a curved shape> to tilt it
eğim =inclination
Eğ-el-mek>eğilmek=to get being inclined /bend
Eğ-et-mek>eğitmek=to educate
Eğir-mek=to cause it another shape by spin it crosswise around itself
> eğri=curve,awry >ağrı=crossways >uğru=~aspect of >doğru=true, right direction
Evirmek= to make it return around itself or transform into another shape
Çevirmek=turn into/encircle Devirmek =turn outer/overturn
Eğir-al-mek>eğrilmek=to become a skew /be bended by
Evir-al-mek>evrilmek=to get a transformation over time
/evrim=evolution /devrim=revolution /evre=stage
Uğra-mak>=to get (at) a place or a situation for a certain time=drop by/ stop by
Uğra-eş-mak>uğraşmak=to drop by (altogether) each other for a certain time=to strive/deal with
Uğra-et-mak>uğratmak=to put in a situation for a specific time
Öğre-mek=to get an accumulation above a certain stage
Öğre-en-mek=to get (at) a knowledge or info level at a certain time> öğrenmek=to learn
Öğre-et-mek=to make somebody get (at) a knowledge or info level at a certain time=to teach
Türkçe öğretiyorum =I’m teaching turkish
İngilizce öğreniyorsun =You’re learning english
Öğren-i-yor-u-sen (learn
Hava = Air
Es=blow / esi=blowing
Heva-Esi =air blowing ( a feeling of air blowing in the mind)
Heva >> Heves = whim / desire / wish
Heveslemek / Heves etmek = to like and desire
Heveslemek> Eslemek > İstemek = to want / to ask for / ~to wish / ~to desire
Ası /Esi= feeling of desire
-Esi Var = have eagerness / feel a desire / take up a passion
Heves-u bar > hevesi var > esi var
(Bugün hiç çalış-a-esi-m yok) Bugün hiç çalışasım yok= I have no desire to work at all today
(Get-e-heves-u bar > Gid-e-esi var) Ali’nin eve gidesi var= ~Ali longs to go home / Ali wants to go home
"Bunu yapasım var" = I want to do this ( ’cause I like doing this)
(Su iç-e-esi-n bar ma-u er-di?) Su içesin var mıydı? = Would you like to drink water
Havası / Hevası / Hevesi > Esi = (sense) ~its feeling / ~feeling so
Aydın Havası = (feeling) the cultural atmosphere of Aydin
-Ası / Esi =(giving that feeling) / like that
for objects
Bebek-Esi > Bebeksi =(gives the feeling) that's like a baby
Bebeksi bir ten = (just) like a baby skin
Çocuksu bir yüz = ( just) like a child's face
Yanıksı bir koku= like a feeling of burning smell
Yakınsı= It feels like it's very close
Birazıcık yalansı= It feels a little bit like a lie
for verbs
Gör-el-Esi > görülesi = requiring sight / ~must see
Sev-el-Esi> sevilesi = requiring to love
Bil-en-esi > bilinesi = requiring to be known
Okunası kitaplar =~recommended books to read
Olası= requiring to be happened /~must be / > possible
Bit-esi = requiring finishing
Kör olası= is asked to be blind
Kahrolasıca= ~as if it required to be destroyed / as if it were a damn thing
Kap= what's keeping something inside
Kap kacak= pots and pans (and similar kitchen utensils)
Kapmak= to quickly pick it and keep in the palm (or in mouth or in mind)
kapamak = to keep it closed
kapatmak=~ to close > kapı= door / (kapı-tutan) kaptan=captain
kaplamak=to cover
kapsamak= comprise / contain > kapsam =scope /~ capacity
Kab/Küp/Kafa/Kova/Kupa/Küfe/Hava..
Cap/Cup/Cave/Keep/Have..
Kabar/Köpür/Geber/Kıvır/Kavra…
Kabir/Kibir/Kebir/Küfür…
Cabre/Coffer/Cover/Cable…
Kop > Köp= very
Kopmak =(proliferation/mitotic division)>> to be parted / be apart from / be separated from each other
Kop-der-mak = koparmak =to pluck / break off /tear off
Kom =(com) entire, all ( unity, combine)
Kom-u > kamu = all of..
Kamuya ait= (belong to all the people of the country)=state property
(kamusal=publicly / kamuoyu=public opinion / kamu hizmeti=public service)
Kamu = Hamu > Hemi-si >Hepi-si >Hepsi = all of them , entirety, the whole
Hem-ma = Amma > ama =(not exactly so)= but
Hem =as a whole / ~ the lot / ~ mostly
Hem-Esi (-imsi) = almost like
for objects
Yeşil= green / Yaşıl-hem-esi = Yeşilimsi = almost like green = greenish
Al/ Kızıl/ Kırmızı= red / Kırmızı-hem-esi= Kırmızımsı = almost like red
Limon-hem-esi = Limonumsu = tastes- almost like lemon
Kek-hem-esi = Kekimsi ( Kekremsi) = it tastes- almost like cake
Sarığ-hem-esi =sarı-imsi >>Sarımsı= yellowish
Sarığ-hem-esi-ak=yellowish-white > sarımsak = garlic
for verbs
Beniñ-hem-esi-mek > Benimsemek =feeling like this is all mine
Az-hem-esi-mak> Azımsamak=feeling/thinking that it's all too little = to undervalue
Küçüğ-hem-esi-mek > Küçümsemek = to belittle /underestimate
Yañıl-hem-esi-mak > Yanılsamak = feeling like it's exactly wrong
Od >> hot
Odun >> wooden >> wood
(odak /ocak /otak /oda)
Oğuz Kağan>> oğuzhan>> owodhan>> wuothan>> wõden>> Odin
Wõdhen’s day >> Wednesday
Buz >> (Mwudh)= dihydrogen monoxid CRYSTAL = Ice
Tuz >> (Thwudh) = sodium chloride CRYSTAL = Salt
(lisp D) >> TH >DH > T / D
(lisp S) >> TH >TS > S / Ş / Z
(Thwudh)>Tsuith >Thuits > Thuiss > Tuish / Diş = tooth (dental)
(Thwudh)>Tsuıth > Thuıts > Thuess > Tuesh / Dış = out ( outer)
(Thwudh) >Tsuıts >> - Suz = (- Less) >> without it / free from it / has got rid of it
Tış-yer-i > Dışarı / Dış taraf = outside
Dışsal = external
Dışı = out of… / de- / dis-
Suz > sız/siz & suz/süz = without / -less
Kanat = Wing >> Kanat-sız = Wing-less
Su= water >> Susuz = waterless / anhydrous
Suç =crime >> Suçsuz=blameless (freed from blame)
Şeker= Sugar >> Şekersiz= without sugar / sugar free
Kitap= book >> Kitapsız = without books / free from books
Ücret = fee >> ücretsiz =~free / exempt from fee >> ücret dışı =out of fee
Gerek / lazım / hacet / ihtiyaç = necessary >> Gerekli = needful
Gereksiz = needless >> İhtiyaç dışı / lüzumsuzca =unnecessary
Kanunsuz / Hukuksuz = unlawful >> Kanun dışı = outside the law
Hukuk / Yasa =law > Yasal =legal >> Yasadışı = illegal
Görüş = sight >> Görüş dışı = out of sight
Sadık / vefalı / vefakar= loyal >> Sadakatsiz / vefasız= disloyal
Beğeni = like >> Beğeni dışı= dislike
Bağlantı = connect >> Bağlantı dışı=disconnect
De-monte=démonté= dis-assembled
Evirmek= to make it to turn around itself or transform into another shape over time
İç = inside > ÇE
Çe-evir-mek =(içe evirmek) = çevirmek = (turn-into) / encircle / convert / slew round
Dış =outside > DE
De-evirmek =(dışa evirmek) = devirmek =(turn-outer) / overturn / overthrow
(evirmek /çevirmek / devirmek)
(aşmak / coşmak / taşmak)
(ilemek / çilemek / dilemek)
(almak / çalmak / dalmak)
(Dış- Thuıss) Siz-Sız-Suz-Süz ekleri
“Dışında olmak” ,“İçermemek” , "sahip olmamak" , “ondan azade olmak” veya "mahrumiyet" anlamına gelen bu ekler, bir şeyin dahilinde olmayışı ifade eder.
(Have no)( ~without) (...less)
(LIĞ-LUĞ) (aluğ=has got)>>-ly /-y
Lı > Li > Lu > Lü ekleri sahiplik ve dahiliyet ekleridir...
(Have)(~With) >> ~..-ful
O benim sevgi-li-m = (~s/he has my love)= s/he is my lover
İki çocuk-lu kadın= (which one) the woman has two children > woman with two children
Çocuksuz adam = (which one) the man has no child > childless man
Şekerli =(it has sugar) = with sugar
Şekersiz= (it has no sugar) = without sugar = ~sugar free= şekerden azade
Tuzlu =it has salt =salty
Tuzsuz= it has no salt = without salt = saltless
Gitmelisin (get-mek-liğ-sen)= you have to go
Gitmen gerekli (get-meg-in gerek-liğ) = you have need to go
Gitmen gerekir (get-meg-in gerek-e-er) = you (getta) need to go
Toluk>> doluğ=fulled (has stuffed)
Renk= color
(Renk-dolu) > Renk-li = colorful > (has color)
Keder=sorrow
(Keder-dolu) > Kederli = sorrowful > (has sorrow)
Zarar=harm
(Zarar-dolu) > Zararlı = harmful > (has harm)
Güç / Takât= power
Takâtli= powerful
It is an agglutinative langauge just like Hungarian and Finnish. If related it is more than 10 000 years old link and impossible to prove.
I have to salute all you non native English speakers, as your grasp of English is truly impressive. As an elderly English woman myself , even though I can get buy on holiday with French and a bit of Italian, I’m not able to write and express myself like amazing fellow Europeans❤🇪🇺🇪🇺🇪🇺🌍
Thank you
BASQUE Here!😂
Nothing in common with no language. We speak an isolated one.
Some Spanish people believe they're not actually talking, but just confusing us. 😝
Another basque here🙋♂️
Oldest living language in europe😊 Aupa Euskara💪
It is an extraterrestrial language. And this is a hill I am willing to die on. It would also explain why you are so weird. 🤔
I love basque 💜
It's so old, it predates the arrival of Indo-European on the continent.
Hungarian is Finno-Ugric language. So the close relatives to it are Finnish, Estonian and some small languages in Russia.
I heard people say Hungarian is close, but hearing someone speak it now for the first time, I heard not much similar to our language. When Estonians speak, it's very close and many words are the same and some words they just add or remove one letter. I'm Finnish, and surprised that Hungarian sounded so far from Finnish to my ear, maybe it's just me.
@@cyberfunk3793 yeah it's related, bit like as close as English and Farsi are related.
nowadays linguists are questioning the linguistic affinity with Finnish and others, because Hungarian is so different
Some of those small languages are fascinating. Very comprehensible to Finnish speakers, even more so than Estonian.
@@uncle_matula No, linguists aren't questioning the relation between Finnish and Hungarian. Some Hungarian non-linguist people are questioning it because of national identity issues, not because of any linguistical arguments.
Fun fact - there are some language combinations like Swedish-Norwegian-Danish, or Polish-Slovak-Czech where people when talking could communicate in their own language and they would sound weird to each other or not comprehend some words, but still be able to communicate with each other. Also, for example Polish and Czech person would have way easier time talking to Slovak person than to each other.
Also, there were only official languages, but there are also some variations like dialects, that even though they are not technically separate languages, they are hard to understand by the people speaking original language. Best example would be probably Swiss-German, which doesn't sound nearly like German. Another one could be Silesian, which does sound like Polish, Czech and German mixed together.
A bit further west, but
My grandfather was born to a family of a coal miner from the Ruhr area, and spoke as a kid a Polish - German patois.
Swedish, danish and norwegian belongs to the north germanic language group, english and dutch is from the west germanic language group, and then you have faroese and icelandic which is very close to the old norse that were spoken in scandinavia in the age of vikings... and old norse mixed with west germanic, britonic(old english) and saxon language later became mixed into english... in general, swedes, danes and norwegians can more or less understand each others language with little to none misunderstandings
And its really interesting when you read the texts from these languages.
As a Norwegian I prefer speaking English with Danish people, but reading Danish however is very easy. A lot Swedish TV shows are aired in Norway, that's how I learned to understand Swedish when I grew up and Swedish is more closer phonetically.
I am german and speak low german too (the "modern" rest of the old saxon language) and if I read swedish I can understand a bit. But if someone speak it there are just a few words I understand. Dutch on the other hand is more like low german, sometimes a simple sentence can be the same
@@Svedge Strange cause as a Dane I understand most Norwegians, maybe you should talk to some Danes from northern Jutland instead of those from Zeeland
Native dutch and german speakers can also mostly understand each other.
I'm Dutch.
My German friend called Dutch a mix of German and English, she can understand pretty much everything I say in Dutch, even though she never learned the language.
When I was in Denmark, I could read pretty much everything, but the spoken language was so different than I could imagine.
Makes sense
Dutch is indeed extremely close to german and english. Except for the parts where the scandinavian languages are closer. Things where english took over half the french language and german had sound shifts.
And yes, I can pretty much read Dutch as well. Listening is a bit harder, but take it slow and I get most of it. It's about as Bavarian for me.
Hi, I'm french and I learned both English and German (the both pretty well) and I can read Ducth and Danish easely but I can't understand when they are spoken, though Dutch is more close to German to me, mixed with some English. The most surprising was when I was in Luxembourg, I didn't understand anything. It looks like it was some Plattdeutsch. Once, I meet Austrians and it was like i was speaking German with Scottishes, very funny.
But, the most surprising is that I can't definitively understand all the latin languages (spanish, italian, portuguese, corse) I swear, I try to learn them but I just can't.
Do you speak/understand german well yourself?
I find danish to be a little easier to understand from a german perspective.
As a swede i agree and also if you talk really slowly could understand some.
I say it is quite simklar to swedish somehow. (More than german)
Hungarian is an Ugric language. It is either latin, slavic och germanic. Same with Finish.
And yes, Swedish, Norwegian and Danish are all germanic.
No idea if anyone has pointed it out but all over europe a lot of minorities have fought for generations for the right to express themselves in their native language. We're not giving that up 😂, i'd rather learn 5 other languages on top of mine than give up mine for 1 general one. If your language goes away, so does your culture .
@@CobraChicken1302 absolutly! Your language is your culture, your identity, your heritage! Keep it by any means necessary!!
I'm all for honoring and preserving the culture and cultural diversity, but the truth is EU suffers greatly from the lack of centralization. We'll never have the might and influence of the american empire, if we don't unite politically, economically, culturally, and the first step towards that should be everyone being able to speak English on, let's say, dutch level of proficiency.
@@Moxie3e aha the comment i hoped for 🤣. Man i 100% agree we need more unity on all fronts BUT while keeping our languages and local culture in tact. I am very much a pro european , but No need to become the United states of eurome. I like the US , and many of its people , but have no desire to become like them 🤣.
It would be easier, more efficient, but not worth the loss for me. Also, economically we are highly integrated in a way we politically we never can or will be. Btw, economically we hold as much if not more power than the US already, dont let their larger GDP fool you. Purchase power is the parameter that counts. And we have almost double the amount of people in our market, so for china and others we are at least as important.
Unity does not need to imply more integration to me, it means in spirit, actions and basic values which all current members share. Something that can not be said from turkey for example, and why they will Never be admitted.
English as a intermediate language is already the case in practice in business science and personal life, just not in politics. I dont think we need to speak all 47 in the Eu parliament, we can save a lot on the interpreting costs there. It is only big nations and languages that will oppose the adaptation of english there, the little ones wont. Now the brits arent in the EU anymore it may be more likely as it will be a "neutral" language.
Dutch level of proficiency,... may be an issue if Van Gaal is the reference🤣. Just kidding. They speak it well, BUT they also believe and created the internetmyth that they are the most proficient at english outside the native speakers. Alto i believe it to be true, there is absolutely no objective data for that. It originated from " research" that asked : " how confident are you speaking english" ? to the dutch ? Now they are a pretty confident bunch and have no problems making a fool of themselves, so yes the answer would be overwhelmingly positive 🤣. ..
@@Moxie3e I'm not sure that centralization is a benefit. On the contrary, I think decentralization is what we should do today. We can develop an international fair trade without supranational non democratic entities. I believe that the lobbies doing the deep state at Bruxelles, and the financial cartel owning the (not) free market, and the World Economic Forum is what is driving us to a dystopian technocratic plutocracy. And God forbid we become like China, with uniparty and corporatism.
@@CobraChicken1302 The Dutch are extremely proficient in imperfect English. But being confident does the rest.
34:07 - irish is also indoeuropean, but from a differet branch -> celtic. the celtic languages were in central and western europe before germanic and roman empire invasions
scotish gaelic and welsh , manx island language are also celtic.
You forgot Cornish and Breton as well which are Celtic.
Celts are fascinating folks. There were even some Celts, Galatians, who migrated in and lived in central Turkiye.
Three main pagan Gaulish tribes migrated during 3rd C. B.C.E. and settled in around today's Turkish capital, Ankara. Indeed, Ankara was also their capital, and they are the ones who named the city "Ancyra" in Celtic meaning "anchor". They formed a province of Roman Empire and in 2nd C. C.E. they were converted to Christianity.
Irish, gaelic, welsh are all celtic languages. It is a linguistic group of its own. 2500 years ago celtic languages were spoken in big parts of Europe, from central Europe to what it now Spain, France, northern Italy, southern Germany, Autria, the British isles, parts of balkans, and even turkey.
Mostly celtic speaking areas have been replaced by latin in the south or by germanic in central Europe. Now only a few pockets of celtic language still maintained in the British isles.
In Malta, they speak a semitic language, that is to say related to Arabic and Hebrew, but with a lot of Italian influences.
I'd say Welsh is a bit more than a 'pocket.' It's the only non-endangered Celtic language, is used in most places even if a lot of people prefer to speak English. You will hear "I don't speak Welsh but my grandchildren do" more than "I don't speak Welsh but my grandmother did." This is encouraging.
Catalan speaker here. It's spoken in north-eastern Spain and southern France. It's a Romance language too.
💜
Bona tardaaa :)
This is the case in every country. You dont want to know how many different accents and "languages" the Croatia has, even if being a very small country.
North-eastern Spain? Sorry? I'd say Eastern Iberian peninsula and Balearic islands.
@@Čangrizavi_Cinikbut Catalá is an official language in Spain (as are Galician and Basque). That's what is different from other dialects
5:44 its interesting that most foreigners when they think about romanian they think about something close to russian or some slavic language. You're the first "reactor" (reactionist ? ) that picked up that it sounds like italian. It's generallly considered to be the closest to original latin than all other romance languages (the Roman empire invested an astronomical amount of resources and man power to colonise the area of Romania, called Dacia in the past, and the region got fully integrated in the roman empire, thus the name Roman-ia )
German here. Knowing a little bit Italian and Spanish, the Romanian I hear from the craftsmen living right next to it's clear that the three languages are closely related.
Caveat: I studied Latin in high school and heard of Roman history, so that might have prejudiced me.
Swede here, I can't really decide what I hear when I hear Romanian, it's like 50/50 slavic and romance language. And I have a Romanian friend and when she speaks swedish I hear a very clear slavic accent on her Swedish. Perhaps it was a "pure" romance language once, but I would say that it have clearly migrated.
@HenrikJansson78 yep, the words, grammar and structure are latin in terms of origin, but the accents and intonations are slavic in nature, thats why it can sound "russian" when a romanian speaks a foreign language
@@LetMePickAUsernameAAAAAAAA Which means it would sound slavic to most people, because most people would not see that the words, grammar and structure is close to Italian, but accent and intonation is obvious to anyone who hears the languages.
So that’s where the car manufacturer “Dacia” gives so much sense and meaning to me. (I’m Latvian)
Your description of Luxembourgish is spot on. It is closely related to German, but uses a lot of French vocabulary. I am a native speaker btw.
I'm from Italy and I love your videos! Great job ❤
I don't know about the other countries, but here in Italy things get even more crazy than that
In Italy we have very different dialects that are almost languages themselves. For example, I'm from Florence and I can't understand at all people from Naples when they speak neapolitan. Every region has its own, often containing so many words that are different from italian that when we move somewhere for study or for job we always end up having fun teaching each other our dialect. Some old and less educated people, as my grandma's sisters in Naples who were farmers, almost don't even speak Italian. So much so that I need my cousins to translate 😂😂
All younger people know Italian, but sometimes we find ourselves to fall back to some dialect words and see the panic in the eyes of somebody who has no idea what we are talking about.
One example from Florence is the word "lavello" (kitchen sink) that in Italian would be "lavandino".
I think that's because of the differences in our history and the continuous changes of institutions and borders that we experienced over the centuries which shaped so many different sub-cultures.
I don't know if there is any video comparison about this, and I don't think that it would really be a good one for the channel because almost nobody would understand anything, but I think that you would like to hear how different they sound because you seem a courious person.
I'm sorry if my english isn't really good, if anyone does not understand something about the comment just ask! ✅
Unica cosa che vorrei correggere: i cosiddetti dialetti sono completamente delle lingue a se stanti, soprattutto considerando che sono di origini ben più antica dell’italiano, chiaramente hanno delle parole comuni (soprattutto in zone di confine) ma nonostante ciò mantengono tutte delle loro differenze, abbiamo cominciato a perderli verso la fine dell’800 inizio 900 quando vi è stato il processo di italianizzazione forzata al fine di rafforzare beh, per l’appunto, lo spirito italiano ed instaurare un sentimento di unità dal nord al sud, ed è da questo che deriva la scelta di chiamarli dialetti, poiché se ci si fosse riferito a loro come lingue si sarebbe persa in parte l’unità culturale che si tentava di costruire, invece descrivendoli come dialetti italiani si metteva al centro la (fasulla) matrice italiana, scusami se posso sembrare pedante ma è un capitolo di storia di cui non si parla mai e che onestamente ritengo anche piuttosto triste, soprattutto venendo da una regione (Liguria) in cui il dialetto è praticamente totalmente sparito nelle fasce più giovani della popolazione
is this why Italians use the hand gestures so often? that the dialects of Italy are so much different?
@@carlipicco In realtà anche io pensavo fossero tutte lingue a sè stanti, ma nonostante tanti linguisti abbiano opinioni diverse la maggior parte concorda che solo alcuni lo sono effettivamente, mentre gran parte dei dialetti manca di alcune caratteristiche necessarie ad essere considerati una vera e propria lingua (caratteristiche più legate alla grammatica e alla struttura del linguaggio più che al lessico).
Non ti preoccupare non risulti pedante ahahahah, ho tagliato tutta la parte storica a partire da più di 2000 anni fa per lo stesso motivo 😂
Inoltre concordo in pieno sul fatto che sia triste perdere una parte così varia delle nostre identità, come ho detto sopra adoro quando ci incontriamo e ci insegamo a vicenda
Se sei d'accordo in caso di ulteriori commenti passerei però a parlare inglese, così ci capiscono anche tutti gli altri 😉
Ahahahah it's true that we use them much more than other countries?
I don't know, as I unfortunately didn't have much experience with people from other countries to see that difference, but I think that if so many people say it then it is true. Anyone can confirm from experience?
If it is, I don't think that it's because of the dialect, because I didn't notice any difference in mself when I'm talking to someone from Florence instead of when I'm talking to someone from Naples. I guess it's just the way we are 🤣
Same in Germany. Our dialects can be very hardcore, and sometimes to an extend that singe words change every few villages.
If you map it out, you can even still see the borders of once protestant only and katholic only regions, because after the 30 years war both sides didn´t interact that much with each other, so some dialect word developed in different directions that you can still see today 400 years later.
Ian you should react to a video showing the Indo-European language tree and how they're all related and grouped, you'd find it very interesting I'm sure and it would answer a lot of the questions you have here. I'm sure someone in these comments can recommend a good such video.
I'm impressed, some of your analysis from what you were hearing was on point.
I am not saying everyone in Europe is bilingual or multilingual. Although many are. But most European can more or less speak and understand the basics of another language from a neighbouring country or a major country (in their influence) like German, French, Spanish and OF COURSE English
Well, generally speaking if you are European and not at least bilingual you are either very young, very old or English.
@@cynic7049 Or a really bad student. I'm always surprised how many even middle-aged Germans have trouble with English... which has been mandatory since at least the 90s, and is now being taught to elementary school kids. IIRC when i went to German school, 2 foreign languages were mandatory, and you could use electives to learn up to 4.
@@walkir2662 A lot of middle-aged and older Germans tend to favor the nearest neighboring language as their second one, even if they had english in school. Its for cultural and practical reasons that english didnt stuck after school. If you never get the opportunity to speak or hear a foreign language on a regular basis its easy to lose it.
Many in the west went for french, we in the east for one of the slavic languages, some in the south go for italian and so on. It matters what foreign languages are close to you and gives you some interaction.
For east germans of certain generations it also were the chaos around education due to the reunification ... My school education started with russian as a second language, then that got dropped and english / french were on the table ... in the end I learned none of those language well enough to speak or understand due to these in between changes. My english now comes from my work and media well after school.
I would assume that older Poles, Czechs and so on had similar experiences due to the end of the cold war and the switching focus from east to west.
@@cynic7049That's not my experience at all. We had a car accident in France and nobody (not even the policemen) were able to comunicate in anything other than French. We offered German, Spanish, English (we suposed nobody was going to speak Slovakian ;-)), nothing. We have had this same experience mutiple times. And I know for sure a lot of people in Spain can not comunicate in English. May be the younger ones, but not every one (without beeing very old) I've met several people in different countries in Europe who weren't bilingual in any way....
@@cynic7049 That's barely half true actually...just go and try saying it again in France, Spain, Italy or even Germany nowadays, it's really not that common.
French people used to be the worst to speak english, but nowadays they've become better and better at it over time, even though it's still far from the real majority of them to be able to speak it fluently. Spanish people have always been bad in english and still are, but since spanish is very widely spoken abroad, they don't always feel the need to speak other languages...they're not the worst, but they're definitely among the worst, that's for sure, so they definitely can speak english to some extent, but I don't feel more or less than before, it doesn't really change over time for them. Italians used to be much better to speak french before but it's getting lost more and more over time, the younger generation is better at english, but generally speaking they mostly make absolutely no effort to speak other languages than their own, and I think it's just getting worse and worse over time. About Germans though, they used to be the best of all these countries to speak other languages, especially french and english for obvious reasons, and I think they still are the best by far for that, compared to English, French, Spanish and Italian people, however, since a few years now, I feel like more and more among them are starting to drop it and tend to make less and less efforts to speak other languages, especially french, and even english to some extent, but not at the same scale though...
I'm from Poland, and I really enjoyed this episode. It feels exactly the way you described it at 23:05 - that you can go to a neighboring country and feel like you are in a different world, even though you are relatively close to your home.
The reason they included Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia is because the border between Europe and Asia is not well defined and there are several different versions of it. Kazakhstan is mostly Asian, but a small part of it lies in Europe; the same applies to Turkey.
Europe and Asia are located on the same Eurasian tectonic plate, so the border is more cultural than geographical. It is also good to know that not every European language was included in this list. For example, they completely missed languages used in the European part of Russia, such as Karelian, Tatar, Chechen, Chuvash, Bashkir, and many more.
Yes. Sometimes Americans think the differences between their states is as big as the differences between European countries. You cross a European border and the language changes, the laws change, the road markings change, the food changes, the drinking culture changes, the whole structure of the day changes, the architecture changes etc.
The values are similar so you don’t feel uncomfortable but everything else is very different.
@@Dreyno Same thing happens in US states but to a lesser extent. Sometimes Europeans exaggerate how homogenized the country is.
@@redram6080 It really doesn’t. That’s the point. The differences are minute by comparison.
@@Dreyno It really does. That's the point. The differences are a lot greater than you claim them to be. Each individual state does have it's own individual laws, culture differences, food differences and structures differences.
@ And those differences are minute. It’s laughably small. People who watch the same tv shows, speak the same language, watch the same sports thinking that putting sauerkraut on a hotdog or chilli on spaghetti is some huge difference. Changing states is not the same as changing countries.
Honestly, you’re really good at picking up really subtle nuances of all the languages. No exaggeration. Many Western Europeans wouldn’t be able to separate the eastern european/slavic languages. (And Im sure Eastern European some western ones.) No need to excuse yourself at all. Just the fact that you say they all sound different is amazing. Not just for an American. Truly. You’ve got a hidden skill here. Well done!
Maltese is a Semitic language derived from late medieval Sicilian Arabic mixed with Romance. It is spoken by the Maltese people and is the national language of Malta and the only official Semitic and Afroasiatic language of the European Union.
I thought they spoke English in Malta.
@RaduRadonys English too, Maltese and English are the official languages of Malta.
If I remember correctly, it is also the only Semitic language using the Latin alphabet
@@RaduRadonys English, Maltese & a lot also speak Italian
Hi Ian, here is an overview where the languages belongs to:
Most European languages today belong to the Indo-European language family. This is divided into various groups, with the largest language groups in Europe being Germanic, Romance and Slavic.
Germanic language group
East Germanic: Polabian (extinct), Sorbian (living)
North Germanic: English, Frisian, Dutch, German, Scandinavian languages (Danish, Swedish, Norwegian)
West Germanic: Dutch, English, Frisian, German, Luxembourgish
Romance language group
Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Romanian, Catalan, Galician, Sardinian
Slavic language group
West Slavic: Polish, Czech, Slovakian, Sorbian (living)
Eastern Slavic: Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian
South Slavic: Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovenian, Macedonian
Other language groups
Baltic languages: Lithuanian, Latvian
Finno-Ugric languages: Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian
The European Union recognizes 24 official languages, including all the languages mentioned above, as well as Irish, Maltese and Luxembourgish.
The majority of European languages have their common root in the Indo-European language Proto-Indo-European (PIE).
best regards from Germany
Eventhough Polabian and both Sorbians are(or were) spoken on the territory of current Germany, they are West Slavic languages.
Good sum up
Sorry, but I have to correct some things in this comment.
English, Dutch, Frisian and German are NOT North Germanic languages, they are West Germanic, you could've included Icelandic and Faroese instead.
East Germanic language family has only one language, namely Gothic, but no currently living languages.
And as @vikthor9327 mentioned above, Polabian and Sorbian are west Slavic languages, not Germanic.
Another fun fact: English *could* be considered a Norman-Anglian creole, but most linguists are uncomfortable with calling it as such.
what about scottish? im curious cause you mentioned irish
@@Bleed1987 probably because they were referring to languages recognised by the EU, which Scotland is unfortunately no longer part of.
As a Czech citizen I gotta add two interesting things. Czechs can fully understand Slovak, and vice versa, we used to be one country, but got separated and independent more than 30 years ago. (Yet you still said Czechoslovakia :D). Another thing directly about our language - it is said that Czech language is one of the most difficult to learn, and we have unique letter Ř, which is pretty difficult for foreigners to pronounce. No other language has it, although the closest is RZ in Polish. - Also about my language skills - ofc Czech, English, I can talk Slovak and am learning Hungarian from zero for few months now :)
Polish is way harder and Croatian too in comparing Slavic languages. Czech is easy the only problem is the R which you guys use
@francek3892 as a Czech every Slavic language is difficult as hell
And then you throw in the very varied dialects that are close to their own languages. Makes it real interesting.
Yeah, I have a much easier time reading dutch than hearing bavarian.
As far as Czech goes… “Ahoj” is not a slang phrase. It’s the common and book-standard expression for “Hello”.
Interesting. Ahoj is also used in German as a greeting among sailors.
"Ahoj" looks like "ahow!" (Агов!) that means "hey!" in Ukrainian.
I have to disappoint you, since I am half Slovak and half Italian. For a long time I asked myself why that word seemed so strange to me. Then I finally understood that it is taken from a sailor's greeting. A bit like "ciao", it is a word that has been acquired. Even "servus" if you think about it, comes from Latin and is not Slavic.
In Dutch it's "hoi".
I am not saying it’s not of foreign origin, in fact language scientists claim the Czech soldiers have brought it back home from their service with the Austrian navy. Nothing strange about that. I am saying it has now been standart Czech greeting for close to 200 years. It is of foreign origin, but it is now standart part of 2 West-Slavic languages.
As a Swede, I think this was the first time I did'nt need subtitles to fully understand Danish 😂
Luckily for us (also a Swede) no hot poatoes was harmed during that recording 🙃
Ohh Behave 😂
Als for multitudes of languages in small distances... There's a lot more of that going on in Africa and Asia. For example, Burkina Faso if I recall correctly has 60 languages within one country. Papua New Guinea has 832 known languages! And they're all so different that people from two neighboring villages or tribes literally will not understand each other. In Burkina Faso, French is a generally known lingua franca, along side large languages like Dioulà and Mossi. In PNG, the major lingua franca is called Tok Pisin, an English based pidgin, and to a lesser extent English. To me, those kinds of situations are even more fascinating than what's going on in Europe. Like France, for example, has gone through hundreds of years of literally forcing minority languages out. Within the French territory, there used to be a lot of different languages, like Breton, Basque, Occitan, Flemish and many more, but those were all but eradicated. There are still some Occitan hints in the French spoken in the South-East, Breton is holding on for dear life in the outskirts of Bretagne, Basque mainly survives in Spanish Basque country and Flemish is of course alive and well in Belgium... But France has pretty much become a linguistic desert compared to the diversity that existed there hundreds of years ago.
Never thought about it, not even Germany with Prussian education system felt into this ... language hegemony. Thanks for tip
Here's something that will blow your mind. The Maltese islands (Malta and Gozo, a half hour boat trip between them) have a population of around 400,000 (excluding immigrants who don't speak the language), but each town or village has its own dialect, which is sometimes so different that people from Malta, for instance, find it hard to understand the Gozitan dialect unless spoken very slowly.
We speak Maltese, but most of us also speak English, Italian and to a lesser extent some French.
Interesting channel. Liked and subscribed. 🇲🇹
17:38... I have always said that Luxembourgish is a mix between german and french with a heavy local dialect (with unique wors as well of course).
When in the country, the more you go west/south (near Belgium and france), the more localized french words you will hear and the more you go to the east near germany the more german words you will hear (I live in Luxembourg)
This barely scratched the surface, it omitted a lot of languages... just from my home (Norway) it omitted no less than 6 languages!
Those are dialects. I know it's nicer to think of them as languages in themselves. In reality, Europe is the continent with the least linguistic diversity. Of the 7,000 languages spoken in the world, only 250 are European.
@@erosgritti5171
No, you are wrong.
Here in Norway we have two Norwegian languages, three Sapmi languages, two Romani languagues and Kvensk.
If we were to count dialects there would be literally hundreds if not thousands...
@@Vestlys1 romani languages , really? Roma people are all over Europe, they've been brought to Europe trough the slave trade from India. They speak Sanskrit if I'm not mistaken
Sami
i know the great IWrocker road trip across Europe will probably never happen, but, damn that would be be great
I’d love to make it happen. 🎉 that would be epic
Clearly we need to fund him
@@FinestFantasyVI I wouldn’t ask for money, I could come alone tommorow. I love my Wife and kids though and I’d want them to come with me, which presents more challenges or at least much more planning.
@@IWrocker Family road trip then.
Or just be cheap and visit Croatia
The most based country
se verrai in EUROPA🇪🇺 sarai obbligato ad iniziare dall' ITALIA🇮🇹 e visitare i musei automobilistici FERRARI, LAMBORGHINI, LANCIA E ALFA ROMEO 🇮🇹🤝🇺🇸
15% of Kazakh land is geographically located in Europe. For Turkey, it's 3% of Turkish land but still, it is bigger and more populated than a lot of the fully European countries. Plus, historical reasons. Ottoman Empire was essentially a Balkan state at its heart. But also, there are fully European countries that recognize Turkish as a minority language or where Turkish is spoken by a minority. Like Macedonia, Greece, Bulgaria, Kosovo, Romania etc.
Similar things can be said for Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia as well. Well, the definition of Europe can be quite arbitrary. Geographically, Cyprus is fully located in Asia but you'll see it counted as Europe. It all depends on who's making the distinction. Sometimes they count the Caucasus, sometimes they don't.
Another thing to note: Turkish, Azerbaijani, Kazakh are all Turkic languages. Chuvash, Bashkir, Nogai, Tatar, Crimean Tatar, and Gagauz are other Turkic languages spoken in Europe although they are not featured in this video. And if we count Caucasus as Europe, then Karachay, Balkar, and Kumyk are also Turkic languages spoken in Europe.
Maltese is a Semitic language related to Arabic. It has a lot of Italian influence.
Hungarian is not a Slavic language. It's a Uralic language like Finnish and Estonian. But its closest relatives are Khanty & Mansy languages.
Basque is a language isolate as far as I know. So, it's not related to Spanish or any other Indo-European language in fact. It's thought to be a pre-IE language of Europe.
I find Turkey more European than Russia.
Papua Nrew Guinea, 840 languages.
Indonesia, 707 languages
Nigeria, 525 languages
India, 453 languages
China (mainland), 302 languages
For the US, what you forget is all the native American languages ! 300 languages used to exist, there are still 175 alive today.
But without any work, only 20 will remain alive in 2050. Why? Older people are the only ones speaking it, and the remaining would be the largest ones.
True. Also there are so many European ones missing, even ones with tv news services.
@@frgv4060 Yes, Albanian, Swiss German are 2 examples missing, but it gives a perspective of the diversity of languages in other places than in Europe.
The number of native American languages not being mentioned here is a bit sad for an American.
@ Many despite state past efforts to vanish them (tho many of those efforts still persist in the culture). Like what Italians used to call “dialects”, the many languages spoken in France like Occitan and Provençal. And so on. Any old country in the world has them as long as moms and dads speak those at home.
India and have such a low language diversity, compared to your other examples! A fifth of the world population and under a twelfth of the world languages!
Su=water /水 (Suv)=fluent-flowing/Suvu>Sıvı=fluid, liquid/Suv-up=liquefied
Suy-mak=to make it flow away /flow>movement=suîva=civa=جیوه=水銀>cyan=جان=人生>civan>cive>जीव
Suv-mak=to make it flow on/upwards >suvamak=to plaster
Süv-mek=to make it flow inwards >süv-er-i=cavalry
Sür-mek=to make it flow ON something =~to drive/apply it on/spread it over
(Su-arpa)>chorba>surppa=soup /Surup>şurup=syrup /Suruppat>şerbet=sorbet /Surab>şarap=wine /Surah>şıra=juice şire=milky
Süp-mek=to make it flow outwards /Süp-ğur-mek>süpürmek=to sweep
-mak/mek>umak/emek=aim/exertion (machine/mechanism)
-al/el=~get via
-et=~do/make
-der=~set/provide
-kur=~set up
-en=own diameter/about oneself
-eş=each mate/each other/together or altogether
-la/le = ~present this way /show this shape
Sermek=to make it flow in four directions =to spread it laying over somth
Sarmak=to make it flow around somth =to wrap, to surround
Saymak=to make it flow drop by drop /one by one from the mind =~to count, ~to deem (sayı=number >bilgisayar=computer)
Söymek=to make it flow through > Söy-le-mek=to make sentences flow through the mind=~to say, to tell
Sövmek=to say whatever's on own mind=swearing
Sevmek=to make flow/pour from the mind to the heart >to love
Süymek=to make it flow thinly (Süÿt> süt= दूध/ milk)
Soymak=to make it flow over it/him/her (to peel, ~to strip )(soygan>soğan=onion)
Soy-en-mak>soyunmak=to undress (Suy-ğur-mak)>sıyırmak=~skinning ,skimming
Siymek=to make it flow downwards=to pee Siÿtik>sidik=urine
Say-n-mak>sanmak=to pour from thought to the idea>to arrive at a guess
Savmak=to make it pour outward/put forward/set forth >sav=assertion
Sav-en-mak>savunmak=to defend /Sav-ğur-mak>savurmak=to strew it outward (into the void)
Sav-eş-mak>savaşmak=to shed each other's blood >savaş=war
Savuşmak=scatter altogether around >sıvışmak=~run away in fear
Sağmak=to ensure it pours tightly >Sağanak=downpour >Sahan=somth to pour water
Sağ-en-mak>sağınmak=to spill from thought into emotions> ~longing
Sormak=to make it spill the inform inside/force him to tell
Sekmek=to go (by forcing/hardly) over it forwards
Sakmak=to get/keep/hold-back forcely or hardly (sekar=?)
Sak-en-mak>sakınmak =to ponder hard/hold back/beware
Sak-la-mak=keep back/hide it >sak-la-en-mak=saklanmak=hide oneself
Soğmak=to penetrate (by force)> Soğurmak=make it penetrate forced inward= to suck in
Sokmak=to put/take (by force) inward
Sökmek=to take/force out from the inside(~unstitch/rip out)
Sıkmak=to press (forcibly) from all sides=squeeze (Sıkı=tight)
Sığmak=fit into hardly /Sığ-en-mak>sığınmak=take refuge in
Sezmek=to keep it gently flow mentally =to sense, intuit
Sızmak=to flow slightly =to ooze
Süzmek=to make it lightly flow from top to bottom >to filter
Suŋmak=to extend it forward, put before, present
Süŋmek=to get expanded outwards /sünger=sponge
Sıŋmak=to reach by stretching upward/forward
Siŋmek=to shrink oneself by getting down or back (to lurk, hide out)
Söŋmek=to get decreased by getting out or in oneself (fade out)
Tan=the dawn /旦
Tanımak=to get the differences of =to recognize
Tanınmak=tanı-en-mak=to be known/recognized
Tanıtmak=tanı-et-mak=to make known/introduce
Tanışmak=tanı-eş-mak=to get to know each other/meet for the first time
Danışmak=to get inform through each other
Tanılamak=tanı-la-mak=diagnose
Tıŋı=the tune (timbre) /调
Tıŋ-mak=to react verbally >Tınlamak= ~to take into account/respond
Tıŋı-la-mak=to get the sound out
Tiŋi-le-mek=to get the sound in >Dinlemek=to listen/ 听
Tiŋ-mek=to get at the silence >Dinmek=to keep calm
Denk=Sync>登克>~equal /a-thank*Deng-e=balance
Thenğ-mek>Değmek=achieve a harmonious reaction/ to touch
Thenğe-mek>Denemek=to try to get a harmonious response in return
teğet=tangent /tenger>değer=sync level >worth /teng-yüz>deŋiz=sea
eşdeğer=equivalent /eş diğerine denk=equal to each other
Deng-en-mek>değinmek =to mention/touch upon
Deng-eş-mek>değişmek =to turn into somth else equivalent /get altogether a change
Deng-eş-der-mek>değiştirmek =to change it /exchange
Çığ (chuw)=avalanche /雪崩
Çığ-ğur-mak =çığır-mak= ~to scream /read by shouting
Çağırmak=to call /inviting /称呼 /邀请
Çığırı >Jigir >Şiir=Poetry /诗歌
Cığır-la-mak >Jırlamak >to squeal /shout with a shrill voice
Çığırgı >Jırgı >Şarkı=Song / 曲子
Çiğ (chee)=uncooked, raw / 生
Çiğne-mek =to chew / 咀嚼
(Çiğnek) Çene=chin /下巴
Çiğ (chiu)= dew/ 汽 , 露 (çi’çek=flower/ çi’se=drizzle)
Taş=the stone (portable rock)/大石头
Taşı-mak =to take (by moving) it >to carry
Taşı-et-mak =Taşıtmak> to have it transported
Taşı-en-mak =Taşınmak>to move oneself to a different place
Kak-mak=to give direction (kak-qa-eun> kakgan=which one's directing>Kağan>Han) (Baş-khan>Başkan=president)
Kak-der-mak>kaktırmak=~to set aside
Kak-el-mak>kağılmak =to be oriented via /be fixed somewhere >kalmak= to stay
Kakıluk-mak=to tend upward >kalkmak=to stand up /get up
Kak-el-der-mak>kağıldırmak>to make it being steered away>kaldırmak=to remove
Kak-en-mak>kağınmak=to be inclined>kanmak /ikna olmak=to ac-know-ledge it's so /be convinced
Kak-en-der-mak>kağındırmak>kandırmak (ikna etmek)=~to trick (to persuade)
Der-mek=to provide bringing them together to create an order /der-le-mek=to compile
/deri=derm
Dar-mak=to bring into a different order by disrupting the old >tarkan=conqueror
/tarım=agriculture /tarla=arable field /taramak=to comb
Dar-el-mak>darılmak=to be in a disturbed mood towards someone
Dur-mak=to keep the same order /keep being, /survive /halt on
(thoru>diri= alive) durabilir=durable /boğa-thor>bahadır=冒頓=survivor-victim> war veteran
boğa=sacrificed by strangling >buga > buhag > pigah> 피해자> pig
Dur-der-mak> durdurmak=~to stop /diri-el-mek>dirilmek= be revived
Diremek=make to stand against /direnmek=resist /diretmek=insist
(Tüz-mek) Dizmek=to keep it in the same order /the same line
Dür-mek=to roll it into a roll /dürülmek=get rolled /dürüm=roll of bread
(Tör-mek) Dörmek=to rotate it on its axis >to mix up
Thöre-mek>türemek=become a new layout/form by coming together in the same medium (tür= kind /type)
Thörük=order formed by coming together >Türk
Töre=order established over time=tradition /torah=sacred order /tarih=history
Thör-et-mek>türetmek=to create a new layout combining= to derive
Thör-en-mek>dörünmek=to rotate oneself /turn by oneself
Törünmek>törnmek>Dönmek=to turn oneself /döner=rotary /turna=flamingo
Dön-der-mek>döndürmek=to turn something
Dön-eş-mek>dönüşmek=turn (altogether) into something
Dön-eş-der-mek>dönüştürmek=to convert /transform
(Edh) Ez-mek=to thin something down by pressing over=to crush /run over
(Edg) Eğ-mek=to turn something the other way or to a curved shape> to tilt it
eğim =inclination
Eğ-el-mek>eğilmek=to get being inclined /bend
Eğ-et-mek>eğitmek=to educate
Eğir-mek=to cause it another shape by spin it crosswise around itself
> eğri=curve,awry >ağrı=crossways >uğru=~aspect of >doğru=true, right direction
Evirmek= to make it return around itself or transform into another shape
Çevirmek=turn into/encircle Devirmek =turn outer/overturn
Eğir-al-mek>eğrilmek=to become a skew /be bended by
Evir-al-mek>evrilmek=to get a transformation over time
/evrim=evolution /devrim=revolution /evre=stage
Uğra-mak>=to get (at) a place or a situation for a certain time=drop by/ stop by
Uğra-eş-mak>uğraşmak=to drop by (altogether) each other for a certain time=to strive/deal with
Uğra-et-mak>uğratmak=to put in a situation for a specific time
Öğre-mek=to get an accumulation above a certain stage
Öğre-en-mek=to get (at) a knowledge or info level at a certain time> öğrenmek=to learn
Öğre-et-mek=to make somebody get (at) a knowledge or info level at a certain time=to teach
Türkçe öğretiyorum =I’m teaching turkish
İngilizce öğreniyorsun =You’re learning english
Öğren-i-yor-u-sen (learn
Romansh is only spoken in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. Its a romance language and its actually a bit closer to latin than other romance languages. Its Swizerland 4th official language after German/Swiss-german, French and Italian. Its spoken in the very eastern part of Switzerland.
Romansh is no official language in Liechtenstein. Only German.
If Romansch is spoken in Lichtenstein it’s by individuals who would have moved to Lichtenstein from Switzerland. It has no official status in Lichtenstein, nor is it historically a part of the Romansch language area. South Tyrol in northern Italy has Ladin which is related to Rumansch.
@@tommoses6557 You might have misread. I said its Switzerland's 4th official language
@@morvil73 Indeed
Don't beat yourself up too much. You did very well in knowing where all these countries are in Europe. And also, I find your listening skills are quiet impressive in distinguishing and finding similarities. There is always more to learn and more to know. Thank you for taking us with you on all these explorations. I love seeing my "hood" (Europe) through your eyes. Thank you.
34:16 yeah there are Irish language TV channels, radio stations.. All road signs/street signs are in Irish. Lots of people have Irish names, and know a little Irish so to us it sounds normal. The Irish alphabet only has 18 letters so it's quite strange for English speakers to pick up
I am Czech. My brother married a Polish girl. She never really learnt Czech, so she always spoke Polish and we talked to her in Czech. But it made the difference in the languages really stand out :). Polish is fast, you "sing" more (well, Cz doesn´t sing at all), there´s a strong stress on certain syllables, there are many soft sounds...While Czech is sort of really boring... Slow, almost no stress (always 1st syllable), harsher sound...
It's like you're describing (standard) Croatian....
@@maricallo6143 Yes, I think Czech is closer to southern Slavic languges in terms of being rather "flat". Although I still believe there is more pronounced stress in all the other languages. Slovakian is closest in terms of the stress being on the first syllable but it´s a softer language.
Can i ask? Does your brother speak Polish?
Czech language is science, clear, no schwa, accent always on the same place, while other slavic languages are religion, totally random. 😀
@@katieb3059 Yes, they often spoke only Polish as well, sort of depended on where etc. While living in Cz he spoke more Cz so that she would learn :D, never did.
Danish guy here…
Icelandic is somewhat close to Old Norse (Viking language), and started as such, because Iceland was first inhabited by the Vikings, and Old Norse was the common language across Scandinavia. Danish, Swedish and Norwegian all started as dialects of Norse, and slowly became more and more distinctive from each other, but then also became influenced by the Germanic language base that started creeping into those dialects. Modern English comes from a combination and development of the Germanic language base, mixed with the Old Norse, a tiny bit of French and Old English words. A word like “skirt” comes directly from the Old Norse word “skirrta” (can’t remember the exact spelling), which was the word from a shirt or upper body clothing. I was once at a pool party at a hotel in Barcelona, and had been hanging out all day and night with a group of Brits and Americans, and they started discussing how each group wouldn’t talk the way they did if it weren’t for the other group. I then said that neither of them, would talk like they did, if it weren’t for my ancestors, in that their English was constructed from mainly my Danish/Scandinavian ancestors’ languages, and the Germanic mix.
So I guess that technically makes English and American English Germanic based?
So for the Ex Yugoslav countries such as Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia and Montenegro share the same language with minor differences, the biggest one being the accent, and there are a few unique words and ways of speaking in each one, but they are almost identical.
Yeah right, Croatian has three dialects Chakavian, Kajkavian, and Shtokavian. Serbian, Montenegrin and Bosnian have only Shtokavian although i think Serbia has Torlakian dialect as well. Shtokavian speaker can hardly understand Chakavian and Kajkavian.
Basically the differences are like American, British, Australian ,Canadian.
Same language. But theyre all called English. Where as in those slav countries, theyre actually recognized as different languages
@@FinestFantasyVI Not really, Serbs don't understand Chakavian and Kajkavian which are large part of Croatian language. Its like saying Irish and English are same languages because Irish speak also English ... Why don't we have Danish-Norwegian language its almost the same, but they are seen as separate languages.
The same with german german, austrian german and swizz german.
@@Thoreaue Those are dialects of croatian. But the formal croatian is štokavian. I technically like in Kajkavian region accirding to map charts but speak štokavian
All those differences in croatian and serbian are minor. Hence why i say British and American.
Možemo se sto posto razumit ako ti sad ivako pišem. Vi govorite više ekavicom
Irish is taught in the school and it is in media, but people are rarely use it. Mostly English. Same situation between Belarusian and Russian. Russian just engulft everything. As did English in Ireland
Sounds like Ireland and Wales are similar then we are also trying to increase Cymraeg usage and all my children are learning welsh, my youngest is only taught in Welsh untill he starts secondary school there it's all welsh apart from English class and a foreign language probably French or German
russian was spoken by some people in Ukraine, until 2014....
still known by older people, in Kazakhstan, Armenia, Georgia, Bulgaria, Belarus, even in Mongolia...
in addition to their official languages, that were officially restored in 1991.
I was born and raised in the Netherlands. At school we learn Dutch, English, German and French. Later I learned Spanish, just for the sake of it, and now I live in Portugal, so I also speak Portuguese. I can understand Italian and can speak some basic frases, and am learning Welsh. I know a lot of words and frases in many other languages. The first words I learn are greetings, how to say thank you and the word for horse.
There are several diacritical marks in European languages: the umlaut (the two dots above, say, ä, ö, û) is one of them. As Mötley Crüe noticed (apparently to their suprise), they mean something, they change the sound of the letters - and cannot normally be omitted: they can change the meaning of the word.
HOW they change the sound varies from language to language.
And for example in Finnish "the dots" are NOT umlauts at all, so even that is highly dependent of the language. If you see ä or ö in Finnish, they're their own separate vowels, and you'll get a hoarde of finns correcting you if they're called umlauts
In Sweden the last four letters of the alphabet is: Z Å Ä Ö
The video goes into more details for some countries (like Spain) than for other countries. For example in Germany one southern language/dialect such as Bavarian could have been represented, in France Breton or Corsican could have been shown considering how different it is to French. It probably goes for several countries in the list.
Regarding Basque, this language has a very unique history (it predates Indo-European languages) and the Basque region is located in both Spain and France.
The issue is that from a linguistics standpoint, there’s no clear distinction between languages and dialects. The languages of Spain are officially defined as such and are (co-)official languages on a regional level. The dialects of German on the other hand don’t have this political recognition, even though speakers of different dialects may not even understand each other. Lëtzebuergesch exemplifes this perfectly: in an alternate reality it would be considered a German dialect (within the Moselle-Franconian group of dialects). The only reason, it’s considered a language is because the Luxemburg decided to officialise it.
@@baumgrt You could argue Bavarian has Austria.
@@walkir2662 true, from a linguistic point of view, Austria (with the exception of Vorarlberg) speaks Bavarian dialects (Bavarian as in the language [Bairisch], not Bavarian as in the German state [Bayrisch]). But the official language of Austria is still German, and that was exactly my point. There’s this famous quote about a language being a dialect with an army and a navy. This applies both ways: there’s German dialects or Italian dialects that are so different from the codified standard languages that they could be considered languages of their own, but aren’t for political or practical reasons. And there’s languages like Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian that are basically indistinguishable, but are considered individual languages purely for political and historical reasons. In the end, it’s what the majority of speakers are comfortable with and what the official opinion of the state is. In a lot cases having a codified language is a consequence of either being in power, having a long literary tradition or a reaction to historical oppression of the language.
I live in Switzerland and speak a local German dialect, but I wouldn’t ever claim that I speak a language different to German, simply because that’s the closest codified standard language available to me, the language I use in writing and an official language of the state, and because of cultural proximity and (asymmetrical) mutual intelligibility. There’s no contradiction, I simply interpret German as a rather large umbrella for all sorts of different dialects that are united under the official standard language.
@@baumgrt The definition of a language is indeed more political than anything else, but Breton and Corsican in France are totally considered languages, so my critic remains. The video just went into more details for some countries. It was still a cool video though.
5:40 Yes, the Romanian language has the same Latin origin as Italian, and the country itself has its origins in Roman Empire.
19:10 No, it is not. It is an Uralic language with similar origins as Finnish. In my language (Czech), we call both of them Ugrofin _ish_ (in English officially Finno-Ugric) because of that. Estonian is also one of them.
25:40 27:00 Well, Czech and Slovak were for many years the languages of one country. Their official versions today have many "technical" differences, but in the past, there were some official attempts to make both of them standardized as one, especially before 2ndWW. In spoken form, they are more just like dialects. You absolutely find words that are different, but you will also find them in different regions of Slovakia and Czech too, so every Czech will generally understand Slovak and vice versa. An interesting difference is understanding of spoken Polish which native Slovakians are usually better in than native Czech.
As a Dutch/German i grew up with those languages plus several dialects and all my life i live few kilometers from the German border and a few more kilometers from the Belgian -Wallonian (French speaking part) border. This probably makes it easier for me to understand foreign language. I found it easy to learn English and French at high school.
Reading Norwegian, Swedish and Danish is relatively easy to me (without ever taking classes), but listening to it i don't understand anything😂.
Children in Ireland study Irish during full time mandatory education. But most people use English as their working language. Irish tourists often use Irish abroad when they don't want the locals to understand them as does the military when on UN peace keeping missions.
Been there done that. Was in Boston and the waitress kept coming over and interrupting us so just used the "cúpla focal'' An bhfuil cead agam.....😀😃😃
That was a great video. And I agree with you: learning languages is a great way to train your brain, to learn new cultures, to get together, to understand each other (and I mean this not only in the literal way) and I am very glad, learning languages is in every school curriculum in Europe. We are a bilingual family (me coming from Spain, but living in Germany) and both my sons also speak really good English. The older one is planning on learning Italian, I'm learning Catalá and my husband speaks Slovakian (he als grew up in a bilingual family)
When comparing European countries to USA states I feel like Europeans tend to underestimate the geographical scale of the USA while Americans tend to underestimate the cultural diversity of Europe. And not just differences between countries, even within countries.
Yep, Americans think that Europe isn't diverse because there are not so many dark skinned people like somehow skin tone is the most important aspect of diversity while in fact US pales in comparision in diversity aspect 😂
We know that the USA is huge like a whole continent…. But let’s face it, scale is far to be the most important factor for cultural diversity.
The US, from a eurasian point of view is like a no man’s land. American states might often be huge, but it does not make them countries.
The "big European countries" such as Germany, France, Spain or Italy, might look on the Map of the size of American states, they are way more densily populated. The regions of these countries have population comparable to American states, ans often more important thannmanynof them
@@gthar and what about the geographical scale of Canada, which is even bigger than the US ?
@@fablb9006 very true, but I've never seen Canadians comparing their states to European countries. But often it's US Americans the ones making the argument that US states sizes are of similar size to European countries. That's why I mentioned the US specifically here
@@gtharyes, I actually dislike it when American seem to assume that the whole European continent is like a projection, an equivalent of the US on the other side of the Atlantic. They seem to think that there is a parallel between their country and Europe, and as such imagine that European countries are more or less equivalent of US states. They never assume this about, say, Canada, Mexico or Brazil, which, all of them also are federal states divided into big sized states, wich all also speak European languages and derived their culture as much if not more, from European nations, and mostlt European-descend people.
We just have to see how they represent the divide of « civilisations », putting appart latin America, while lumped all Europe with USA into « western civilisation ». As if Europe US was the only country in the Americas to have European cultural roots and as if the whole of Europe was closer to the US than to other American countries.
Like others mentioned, countries also have minorities languages f ex in Poland Kashubian or Cassubian (endonym: kaszëbsczi jãzëk; Polish: język kaszubski) is a West Slavic language belonging to the Lechitic subgroup. In Poland, it has been an officially recognized ethnic-minority language. Also Silesian is recognised as language. As a polish person i would have real difficulty to understand those
Language timestamps
1:32 - Italian
2:34 - French
3:50 - Portuguese
5:04 - Romanian
5:59 - Spanish
7:15 - Catalan
7:42 - Galician
8:18 - Romansh
8:41 - Basque
9:51 - Greek
10:44 - Albanian
11:19 - German
12:06 - Dutch
13:00 - English
14:05 - Swedish
14:37 - Danish
15:07 - Norwegian
15:38 - Icelandic
16:40 - Luxembourgish
17:48 - Faroese
18:21 - Finnish
18:47 - Hungarian
20:13 - Estonian
20:40 - Lithuanian
21:35 - Latvian
23:26 - Russian
24:00 - Belarusian
24:39 - Ukranian
25:18 - Polish
26:14 - Czech
27:25 - Slovak
29:04 - Bulgarian
29:40 - Slovene
30:45 - Croatian
31:04 - Serbian
31:44 - Macedonian
32:30 - Bosnian
33:07 - Montenegrin
33:28 - Irish
35:17 - Scottish Gaelic
35:42 - Welsh
36:06 - Maltese
36:44 - Georgian
37:42 - Armenian
38:07 - Turkish
38:45 - Azerbaijani
39:37 - Kazakh
40:04 - Reflecting
Romanian and Italian are so similar that many Romanians can understand Italian without ever learning it.
@@MoodyMarco-vj3oe same with Catalan and Italian, also Romanian and Catalan share about 2.000 words, but I can only catch some words, not understand full sentences (wich I can do with Italian or Portuguese, not every word but the overall meaning of the sentence).
The clue is ROMAN-ian!
I've seen them do it live, lol. On a train in Romania.
Where is Belgium???😂
@@rvb2986 Belgians speak Dutch, French and a tiny bit of German. Their French is more different from French French than their Dutch is from Dutch Dutch, but I never hear anyone mention that.
There's also Occitan, which is spoken in the south of France and a tiny bit of northeastern Spain. It has no official status in France, but it does in Spain, where it is called Aranese.
It is taught in schools in the South-West of France. And you have a strong culture of story tellers and singers in the region.
Recently discovered your channel and really enjoying your videos! I wish that we ALL (this goes to both Europeans and Americans) had your curiosity, humbleness and kindness towards others and the rest of the world. We would understand each other much more and live in a simpler world.
19:15 The Hungarian language belongs to the Finno-Ugric language family, or more precisely, to the Ugric language subgroup. The history of the Hungarians themselves and of the people who were their ancestors explains the origin of their language. The Hungarians, unlike the Slavic or Germanic peoples, do not come from Europe. The Ugric peoples, from whom the ancestors of the Hungarians originated, separated from the Finno-Ugric peoples in the 2nd millennium BCE. At that time, they inhabited the areas east of the Urals. The Proto-Hungarians occupied the southern edge of these areas. After some time, they began to migrate westward, initially occupying the areas north of the Caspian Sea, and then heading towards the northern shores of the Black Sea, where they stayed for some time, and then moved towards the mouth of the Dnieper River into the Sea of Azov and even further west. Displaced from there by the Bulgars and Pechenegs, the Proto-Hungarians moved to the Pannonian Basin, which turned out to be the goal of their migration. This happened in 896 and is known to the Hungarians to this day as "Honfoglalás", or the occupation of the homeland. It is clear that they have come a long way and are newcomers from foreign lands, so their linguistic diversity should not be surprising.
Great information, thank You. I’ll have to look into Hungary further, I wasn’t aware of any of that 🎉
@@IWrocker I will tell you that medieval chroniclers often presented Hungarians as wild, bloodthirsty people and mistakenly described them as descendants of the Huns. I think that is where the English name of the country comes from.
@@smiechuwarte-qt8pn Where are you from? I'm asking because most Hungarians who wander around RUclips are quite nationalistic and would definitely disagree with your comment.
@@RaduRadonys I am a Pole and as you know, until the corrupt pro-Russian Orban came to power, Poles have always been friends with Hungarians. We have common national heroes in history. Currently, Hungary is the Russian world in the EU with thieves in power, positions hostile to the West and Russian propaganda, which is why friendship with Poles has ended. As a Pole, I believe that current Hungary should be suspended from membership in the EU and NATO because they are enemies.
Not really, early on Hungary had a bit of a a stigma, as we were pagan and raided much of europe. Later on, there were times Hungary rivaled Italy.
Spot on with Luxembourgish. It's very close to German but with a lot of French influence and vocabulary
It's a bit like Alsatian, it's German with a very strong Palatine dialect and a ton of French influence, while Alsatian is German with a very strong Alemannic dialect and a ton of French influence.
31:05 a little fun fact, I'm from bosnia, and i can understand both serbian and croatian, bosnia croatia and serbia used to be one before, and speak same language.
So yea, the3 are almost the same aside some differences and dialect.
Me and a few colleagues were in a same class in school in a german school, me, a Serbian colleague and a Croatian colleague were sitting at the same table and chatting away like we were from a same country.
in italy you could do a further deep dive in the _dialects:_ in Italy there are about 20 to 30 different dialects (depending on the definition of dialect) and some of them are so well defined and structured (in terrms of grammar, syntax and vocabulary) that have become a distinct languages of their own, like Sardinian (spoken in the isle of Sardinia). So not only a german wouldn't understand an italian, but within Italy someone speaking sardinian wouldn't understand someone speaking the venetian dialect, and someone speaking the dialect in Piemonte (northern region) wouldn't understand someone speaking the dialect in Puglia (southern region)... As an example of how different they can be a "chair" in italian is "sedia" and in the piemontese dialect its "cadrega", a completely different word... and likewise the rest of the vocabulary... some words of the piemontese dialect come from past french occupation, some from previous celtic exchanges... it's amazing how rich and varied not only each state language is, but also each local variation of each "national" language, diversified in its many local variants : )
Germany as well, the dialect situation is similar to Italy with the various German dialects that form a continuum, but may be very different if you just switched different regions. Of course everybody speaks standard German, too.
Welsh (Cymraeg) Irish Galic and Scottish Galic are all related, as a Welsh learner it's also interesting to know that the words are not in the same order in Cymraeg it's the car red or Y car coch, not the red car, took me ages to get my head around that also what most people don't realise is that welsh is taught to all Welsh children even at special needs schools ( 2 of my children are specal needs) any my youngest son is taught only in Welsh and all his reading books and work is in Welsh as the government here wants to boost the number of Welsh speakers after a massive reduction from 1911 to 2001 also of note is there is Welsh speakers in Argentina Cannada and Australia
don't forget Breton
Ian! You did some good guessing and your openness is much appreciated. Additionally, I would like to point out that all languages and dialects mirror the way in which people see the world and themselfes. So we are dealing with a lot of very different cultures here. And that's where it gets really really interesting. It's hard to convey in a video though. Actually there is not a tremendous amount of social interaction among all those cultures. Every one is rather a bubble of it's own. We mostly just get along or visit for the mentioned different culture and special places or just for better earnings or lower gas prices. No rule without exception, of course.
The US is a nation-state, it can’t be compared to a whole continent made of 50 different nation-states, which, most of them, have logically their own languages.
Inside each European country, or at least most of them, there is not much more linguistic diversity. People there are most of them monolingual, speaking their national language. Other European languages are foreign languages as much as they are form anglo-Americans. I am french, as such English, German, Spanish, Italian are foreign languages to which I might have some contact with because of geographical proximity, but still foreign as much as they are for anyone else outside of Europe. And other languages like serbian, finnish, Albanian, Hungarian, Polish, Bulgarian, sweish, icelandic, estonian are not only totally foreign but very exotic.
Being in Europe does not mean that we are a unique nation. american should’understand this and stop making wrong paralels be their nation state and our continent
I'd say the only real nation-states in Europe are Iceland and Malta.
I'm Polish and Irish sound to me like the language of Elves.
Maybe that's where Tolkien took inspiration from lol.
@@Krenisphia No, that would be Finnish.
@@Krenisphia Tolkien was an Oxford don & his subject was languages. You can read his stuff on Welsh, which he liked very much. Welsh & Irish are both Celtic languages, though of a different branch.
15:07 Norwegian
An interesting point to mention is that the first woman is speaking with a northern dialect while the second one is speaking with a southern, Oslo-like dialect.
I can understand why you feel it sounds quite different from the other scandinavian languages, especially because of the northern dialect perhaps.
But yes, it is germanic like swedish and danish, so there are a lot of similarities, especially in the written form. I can understand swedish completely and danish at about 75% or something. Once I get into it, I can understand danish if it's spoken slowly and clearly like a newscaster would speak.
Icelandic, however, is just random sounds with the occasionally regocnizable word.
One of my friends is half Spanish, half Croatian and grew up in Germany. He speaks these 3 languages and English fluently, and I've also learned that he speaks a little Portuguese and some Italian. I would be happy if I could speak 3 languages. 😁
l'm fluent in four languages and communicate in further three. l call this the advantage of living in a small country and having subtitled tv programmes.
Let me guess, you are from the USA or England.
I don't know what my background has to do with it, but no, i'm German.
In this video they only showed well institutionalised languages, that's why all of these were news clips.
There's a wide spectrum of how much institutionalised a minority language can be in a nation where the language of the majority is different: it can be recognised by the central government as a symbolic gesture (like for example Friulan or Sardiniand in Italy) but it is not used in any official manner other than maybe road signs, the next level is when it is taught for a couple of hours a week in some schools of its native area or some schools even use it as the primary language of teaching but if you go to government offices in the area they still only talk and give you documents in the language of the majority (for example Corsican in Corsica), the final level is for it to be fully institutionalised, this basically means that your minority language will be enough for doing basically anything in your native area: you have media in your language, you learn in your language, you can go to the post office and all documents will be in your language etc.
Europe has a lot more languages than the ones shown in this video, but many of them are not institutionalised enough to have media outlets that produce news spoken in that language. Some times it's because the language is spoken by too few people, but most of the times it's because it's complicated and politics gets involved (you know, central governments don't like giving autonomy to people that might start feeling different from the majority because they have a different culture and language).
That's why it's weird this clip left out Belgian Dutch.
NRK in Norway has very good news on Sami, but they are still not included.
@@TullaRask You are right, my observation was driven more by the romance languages' examples since I am a speaker of one and they are the ones I'm most familiar with. Out of all of the "minor" romance languages they only showed the ones of Spain and Romansh from Switzerland, even though basically all the regional languages of Italy have more speakers of Romansh, some even more than Catalan, and I also think Occitan still has some 100s of thousands of people speaking it. That's because the spanish government allows linguistic minorities to thrive and keep their languages alive by institutionalising them while the italian and french ones keep trying to crush them sadly.
And then there are regional dialects within each language which can differ so much from the codified language . I'm from western Slovakia and I could barely understand my grandparents from east as a kid, which isn't more than 400km (250mi) away. They were speaking the same language, just a bit differently.
On the other hand, understanding Czech just comes naturally without any effort, unlike some east Slovak dialects.
@@alexialu4224 Does they allow Catalan and Barcelona elections now?
I'm Italian and for the most part I'm as confused as you! Especially Northern and Eastern languages sound completely alien to me, and often really hard to tell apart. Maltese is insane because they use heaps of actual Italian words but the rest of it is incredibly different
Serbian is practically the only European standard language whose speakers are fully functionally digraphic, using both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets
Woah, that is a fun fact. That sounds challenging from the outside 😆
...and the greeks,ukrainians,georgians,azers, moldavians,etc. So,not the only.
@@IWrocker on another note, seeing you hear Hungarian and then first guess Slavic language, but then realize it's not sounding Slavic even though Hungary is close by - you get mad props for that! A man of culture indeed
Although Montenegro whose language is very similar only uses Latin. The only times I saw Cyrillic there was either church buildings or very old signage.
@@IWrocker Serbians !!!! LOL !
Romanian is actually very similar to Italian. It is the easiest foreign language for Romanians to learn. They are both part of the romance languages. They have very similar grammatic and about 70% of the words have common roots
I concur. My wife is Romanian and has no trouble with Italian. But the clue is in the name Roman-ia, it was part of the Roman empire when it was Dacia I understand.
I think, Romanian is prettier and more romantic than Italian because there is a little more in it, I don't know how to explain it. A little more spice maybe? More flavor?
Greetings from Hungary!
And Romania is loosely translated as the "land of the Romans" (i.e. by the Roman soldiers setting there).
An interesting thing about Romanian and Italian is the asymmetrical way in which Romanians can understand basic Italian, but the opposite is not as true. That's because Romanian has a lot of loanwords from Slavic or Turkish languages, but equivalent Latin words are still understood by them.
Yes. I speak some Italian and have hardly any problem understanding Romanian. It's a lot easier (for me) to understand than Spanish, French or Portugese, even though those are romanic languages too.
Hungarian is a unique language. Language experts say it has some similarity to Finish. Both languages allegedly are the most difficult in the world.
I was surprised that Switzerland wasn't mentioned. The Swiss speak four languages in their small country: Schwyzerdütsch, German, French, Italian. To me as Austrian Schwyzerdütsch is incomprehensible, although the dialect of the Austrian counties Tyrol and Vorarlberg which border to Switzerland sounds pretty similar. But as a Viennese I can't understand that guttural dialect either. It's only a distance of roughly 500km from Vienna to Innsbruck (Tyrol), but I'm unable to understand the dialect there.
Btw, my favourite of European languages is Italian. I love its sound and everything else about Italy. Its beauty, the mentality, fashion, food, etc.. Almost every city, town, village is a historical jewel and beautiful.
my language (icelandic) is similar to the other nordic languages .. we just tend to speak a bit fast and slur words. Also yes .. kind of germanic to a degree.
edit: Faroese is very similar to icelandic .. and when i wreote "other nordic languages" i certainly did NOT include Finnish, because that is just a pain to learn.
Oh it's very much a Germanic language, but not a German one.
Of course, Icelandic phonetics and grammar is different - you've kept the old case system but the Old Norse sounds have changed in a different way from the continental Scandinavian languages - whose native speakers don't understand you.
Icelandic is also the closest we get to the Old Norse language too i think.
Finnish is that drunken cousin that sits in the corner of the family BBQ that no one understands
Icelandic sounds like a Germanic language spoken by Celts. Faroese is even more Irish-like. Note that I’m talking only about the phonetics.
The weirdest thing is that Icelandic sounds similar to Mongolian.
proto-germanic, runic > listen to "Heilung".
Basque are an isolate language on the north of Spain and France
Right 100%
And the oldest language there is in Europe.
Your videos are amazing! You are really fascinated about Europe! It also makes us appreciate our rich cultures)Let me know if you ever plan to visit Estonia 🇪🇪
As a North Zealand Dane, I understand Swedish and Norwegian, no problem.
I have family in both countries, so all 3 languages have been spoken at family get-togethers throughout my life.
If I 'tweek' my ears just a bit, I understand at least half of the Icelandic & Faroese, too (but they learn Danish in school, as well)
At school, German, French, Latin & Russian were on the curriculum, then after school travelling through Europe, I picked up Greek, Italian, Portugese (Spanish)
Welcome to Europe, Ian...come on over!!! 🇩🇰
p.s. They forgot Greenlandic 😉
Hello from Denmark 🌸
Det dårligeste med alle de Skandinaviske sprog, er hvis man skriver. Det er meget enklere for meg at snakke Dansk enn at skrive på Dansk.
For meg er Svensk det bedste at skrive på, men det er for jeg er oppvokst med Svensk i skole, for i Dansker er det lige vanskeligt at skrive på Svensk.
Vi er kun bare mennisker, hvad kan vi gøre?
Vi skall vara glada att alla de dialekter i Sverige icke har en egen ortografi.
Greenland belongs geographically to America. I guess that's the cause for omitting it. Only its history connects it to Europe - like with other colonized lands around the globe. Greenlandic itself is an Inuit language closely related to Inuit languages in Canada, the US (Alaska), and Russia.
Estonian is related to Finish, so it's different from its neighbor languages Lithuanian and Latvian.
Just to clarify, Lithuania isn't Estonia's neighbor. Finland, Russia, Latvia and Sweden are. Latvian and Lithuanian are Baltic languages and belong to the Indo-European language family. Finnish and Estonian with other smaller Finnic languages belong to the Finno-Ugric language family, which is very different from Indo-European languages.
@@carleryk Sorry, it was a extended understanding of "neighbor"... i know they don't have actual border.
@@carleryk Neighbour is acceptable since they are all Baltic states, and "soon"(tm) RailBaltica will make them even closer :)
I'm a native Faroese speaker. It only has around 70,000 speakers in total in the world, of which 56k live on the Faroe Islands and the majority of the rest live in Denmark. The Faroe Islands, Greenland and Denmark are all a part of the Kingdom of Denmark, which means we are all Danish citizens.
The language situation is pretty interesting, since Faroese is used in all areas of daily life on the Faroe Islands, but isn't used at all in Denmark and Greenland, and the same with Greenlandic in Greenland. Danish is the only official language in Denmark, but is co-official in the Faroe Islands together with Faroese. Greenlandic is the sole official language in Greenland.
Faroese kids are forced to learn 3 languages to a fluent level before the end of grade 9. We start with Faroese in grade 1, Danish in grade 3 and English in grade 4 (but it was from grade 5 when I was in school). It was moved down to grade 4 a few years ago, because they wanted the kids to be more proficient in English.
Faroese and Icelandic are the closest related languages to each other, but they aren't mutually intelligible when spoken, but are more understandable when read. Danish, Norwegian and Swedish are much more intelligible with each other in all ways, than what Faroese and Icelandic are to each other. All five languages are considered Scandinavian languages, which are classified as North Germanic. They share similarities with German, but we don't understand German at all without studying it.
When you grow up in Europe it's so perfectly normal to have a different language when you travel more than a few hours. Or to hear lots of languages spoken in cities. It's funny to see you completely mindblown by this 🤯
some EU people cross a " virtual border" every day, to go to work "abroad", and so are "professionally bilingual".
Lmao. Woa..Slowly.
Europe is NOT the United "States" of Europe in no shape or form.
There are huge CULTURAL DIFFERENCES as ethnic appearance as belive systems and national INTERESTS between "Europeans" like (let's say but not only) someone from Sweden and someone from Greece.
Or a guy from Spain and and a guy from Hungary or England or Russia.
Keep in mind it's not about Continents or countries but about: CULTURES.
Under the line there is a
HUGE difference between the USA and the DIFFERENT NATIONS of Europe that maybe make the political EU but the EU (not all European nations are or want to be in the EU) does not make Europe and for sure not the United "States" of Europe. There are no "states " here BUT there are:
Different Nations with CULTURES who are thousands of years old.
Not entirely correct. Germany does have states ;)
@@ingrudmessenger1193we here in Austria will kindly take Bavaria if you want to😂👌💯
@@NoctLightCloud As long as we keep franconia i'm fine with that :D
@@ingrudmessenger1193 deal😂👌
Just like Mexico, USA and Canada is not the same country but are located on North America.
Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian are in one group - the Finno-Ugric language group.
Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, Icelandic and Faroese all has its origins in the Germanic language.
Norwegians, Swedes and Danes all can understand each other quite easily.
I am half Norwegian and half British, I am born and raised in Norway, I have worked for Swedish and Danish companies and understand both of them easily.
My sister studied in Sweden for 3 years and didn´t have to take any language classes to understand anything.
I didn´t see Sami in there, which is a language spoken by the indigenous population in northern Norway, Sweden and Finland.
And Corsu which is spoken in parts of Corsica.
Basque is a language spoken in the Basque parts of Spain and France, Catalan is spoken in Catalunya in Spain and a small part of France.
So not all languages follow todays country borders, but what they used to be before todays borders.
And Kazakstan is not in Europe, that is in Asia.
Part of Kazakhstan is in Europe. The part west of the Ural River.
@ ok. So similar to what Turkey and Russia is as well.
@ well you are sort of right.
But it is referred to as Germanic languages.
And the subdivision of the 5 I mentioned is called North-Germanic languages
Sami people are in Russia aswell.
11:31 "US fella on fish bait on a nightstand" 😂Was waiting for German to see the captions and was not disappointed!
My mum learned Kashubian for her thesis, which I still find very cool. There's a lot of extinct/dangerously close to disappearing languages in Europe, but lately there's been a lot of effort put into keeping regional and ethnic minority languages alive, and I'm hoping it will work long term.
Was Breton mentioned in the video? I love that one. And Manx! Went to Isle of Man recently, got myself some Manx books for beginners.
As a native English speaker (Scottish) who speaks a reasonable amount of Castilian Spanish, Portuguese always sounds like Russian to my ears!
funny, because Scottish actors sometimes sound kind of with russian accent in movies to me, I am Czech😀
I heard that about Portuguese and was nah till I heard 2 tourists on a bus here in Croatia speak portugese and at times it did sound as russian xD
@@Pidalin Ha ha, weird. That's probably just Sean Connery acting in his own accent as always did
Many people say that, there are some pronunciation similarities.
The Langfocus channel has a very interesting video explaining why it might be in great detail.
As russian, I can say that Portuguese sounds polish for me
And countries can also have regional languages, like my country The Netherlands has Dutch as the main language, but in the north some people also speak Frisian language, and one province is called Friesland. In Germany Frisian language does also exist, and there are even different kinds of Frisian languages.
Easternpart of Groningen they speak Frisian as well in some towns. When you are south of Grootegast, there is a mix dialect of Frisian.
Galician and Portuguese language have the same origin: old Portuguese. Or also called called old Galician, depends who you ask. :)
Serbian here. We use both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets
why? this makes absolutely no sense.
@@erosgritti5171 religion
@@lynnm6413 nothing to do with religion 😉
@@erosgritti5171 historically, we've always used Cyrillic alphabet. When Serbia and Montenegro joined together and later Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was formed, schools started teaching both Cyrillic (which was what Serbs used) and Latin (used by Croats and Slovenes). Even before that, many in northern province of Serbia used Latin due to close contact with Habsburg monarchy. Now it's really practical to be able to use Latin in a digital world while still having our culture and heritage preserved through Cyrillic. It is a bit confusing for the kids when they start learning to read and write, but after that, it's actually quite easy. If I was reading a text and halfway through it went from one to the other, I don't think I would even notice
if Serbia joins EU, being one of the rare country using cyrillic could be a little disturbance....
Using latin alphabet is a nice effort, and could release some tensions in Bosnia i Herzegovina...