Memory Consolidation: Time Machine of the Brain
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- Опубликовано: 29 июн 2024
- Visit brilliant.org/ArtemKirsanov/ to get started learning STEM for free, and the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual premium subscription.
How does sleep help us remember things better?
In this video we will explore the wonders of the hippocampus - a brain region involved in memory consolidation and spatial navigation. We will talk about the phenomenon of hippocampal replay and the Sharp Wave Ripples.
My name is Artem, I'm a computational neuroscience student and researcher at Moscow State University.
Socials:
Twitter: / artemkrsv
vk: atpsynthase
OUTLINE:
00:00 Introduction
01:01 Sponsor message
02:23 Cortex and Hippocampus
04:52 Sharp Wave Ripple
06:45 Fast-reverse memory replay
08:55 Fast-forward replay
10:03 Conclusion and Outlook
REFERENCES:
1.Ólafsdóttir, H. F., Bush, D. & Barry, C. The Role of Hippocampal Replay in Memory and Planning. Current Biology 28, R37-R50 (2018).
2.Hannah R. Joo & Loren M. Frank. The hippocampal sharp wave-ripple in memory retrieval for immediate use and consolidation. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2018) doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0077-1.
3.Buzsáki, G. The brain from inside out. (Oxford University Press, 2019).
4.Roux, L., Hu, B., Eichler, R., Stark, E. & Buzsáki, G. Sharp wave ripples during learning stabilize the hippocampal spatial map. Nat Neurosci 20, 845-853 (2017).
5.Girardeau, G., Benchenane, K., Wiener, S. I., Buzsáki, G. & Zugaro, M. B. Selective suppression of hippocampal ripples impairs spatial memory. Nat Neurosci 12, 1222-1223 (2009).
6.Feld, G. B. & Born, J. Sculpting memory during sleep: concurrent consolidation and forgetting. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 44, 20-27 (2017).
7.Ambrose, R. E., Pfeiffer, B. E. & Foster, D. J. Reverse Replay of Hippocampal Place Cells Is Uniquely Modulated by Changing Reward. Neuron 91, 1124-1136 (2016).
8.Marcelo G. Mattar & Nathaniel D. Daw. Prioritized memory access explains planning and hippocampal replay. Nature Neuroscience (2018) doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0232-z.
9.Jens G. Klinzing, Niels Niethard, & Jan Born. Mechanisms of systems memory consolidation during sleep. Nature Neuroscience (2019) doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0467-3.
10.Penelope A. Lewis & Daniel Bendor. How Targeted Memory Reactivation Promotes the Selective Strengthening of Memories in Sleep. Current Biology (2019) doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.08.019.
11.Wenbo Tang, Justin D. Shin, Loren M. Frank, & Shantanu P. Jadhav. Hippocampal-Prefrontal Reactivation during Learning Is Stronger in Awake Compared with Sleep States. The Journal of Neuroscience (2017) doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2291-17.2017.
12.Buzsáki, G. Hippocampal sharp wave‐ripple: A cognitive biomarker for episodic memory and planning. Hippocampus 25, 1073-1188 (2015).
13.Diba, K. & Buzsáki, G. Forward and reverse hippocampal place-cell sequences during ripples. Nat Neurosci 10, 1241-1242 (2007).
14.Shin, J. D., Tang, W. & Jadhav, S. P. Dynamics of Awake Hippocampal-Prefrontal Replay for Spatial Learning and Memory-Guided Decision Making. Neuron 104, 1110-1125.e7 (2019).
15.Mehta, M. R. Cortico-hippocampal interaction during up-down states and memory consolidation. Nat Neurosci 10, 13-15 (2007).
16.Aussel, A., Buhry, L., Tyvaert, L. & Ranta, R. A detailed anatomical and mathematical model of the hippocampal formation for the generation of sharp-wave ripples and theta-nested gamma oscillations. J Comput Neurosci 45, 207-221 (2018).
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B roll footage by pexels.com
Icons by biorender.com
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This video was sponsored by Brilliant
Visit brilliant.org/ArtemKirsanov/ to get started learning STEM for free, and the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual premium subscription.
You are preaching to the converted :). Nice videos!
Do these phonominon have any direct connection to dreams?
Keep it going man. The quality is insane, you deserve more! Cheers from Italy
Mi associo
Mi associo anche io !
In fact theres evidence proving we actively and passively forget alot of information throughout the day, and this information dump of actively and passively forgetting things we deem unimportant, is precisely what allows us to learn. The balance between active forgetting during the day and memory consolidation during the night is what makes the brain so effective.
wow you're incredibly good at explaining such complex things
i've not understood these concepts until now
Fast-reverse memory replay reminds me of how eligibility traces and TD(lambda) in reinforcement learning work, by updating the Q value of each past visited state after receiving a reward in the "current" state, and how the reward filters back essentially in reverse order of visitation.
Obviously it's not at all the same, but it's cool how even though TD(lambda) wasn't created with this biological process in mind, it still forms a loose analogue to how the "real thing" works.
Ну наконец новый видос! Ты уже так вырос… Настоящий медиагигант!
Когда 100к подписоты отмечать позовёшь?
Роста тебе в этом ремесле!
Hey Artem, I just wanted to say that I absolutely love the content you make, specially the videos about specific neuroscience topics. Please never stop!! :)
I like how Artem had 9k while asking us to follow and now he has gotten ~x10 times more. He will grow to the million. This channel and the content is brilliant. Doing Quantum AI + theoretical physics related research right now. It is funny how biology inspires new models in AI a lot. Keep it up! Greetings by a Saint Petersburg’s 🇷🇺physicist from Brazil 🇧🇷🙌🏼
Your videos are so well made and informative. As someone who has recently entered neuroscience, you're a fantastic and enthusiastic teacher!
This is such a fascinating topic, and I had never heard of the reverse order replay that you explained. Just an excellent video and explanation! Your animations are beautiful.
By the way, I also make neuroscience videos so if you would ever be interested in collaborating, let me know!
Woah. This is awesome content. IDK how I found you, but please keep making this!
Thank you!
Your video content is amazing. Also you edit video like a professional. Smooth and subtle sounds with near perfect animation
Incredible video about a fascinating topic. Great work man, I love these learning videos.
Keep it up!
Incredible work. My future self and I thank you for enriching our brains :)
Now to refine the notes I've taken!
Really love this channel. Zettel minimalist Obsidian combo really chaged my note taking life. Really greatfull
Great video, very good explanation! Would love to see more
Amazing content and great teacher, thank you so much for this ❤
Excellent job! As a neuroscientist myself I can say great work!
Man this channel is insane. Can't believe I'm watching this for free
so it is time-reversed dynamics during our sleep, lit data, thank you for this information
Amazing Video! Keep it up! :)
Super helpful and well explained, thank you ! :)
Cheers from turkey! Great video again!
this helped so much, thanks!
Thanks for your great work.
PERFECT PROFESSOR.
Your channel is great
I had no idea the hippocampus was doing that while we were sleeping. I knew we had memory consolidation during REM, but not this hippocampal cell spiking. This is so fascinating wow. My god 😮
me watching a video in the middle of the night about the importance of healthy sleep
This was crazy. Reminds me of a book by Eric Kandel: 'In search of memory' where he discussed the role of the hippocampus in memory. Also coincides with Jordan Peterson × Huberman Interview recently where they talked about the hippocampus when it comes to "trying on" different potential versions of your self via imagination and through the prefrontal cortex.
Peterson and Huberman have brought stunning examples of paradigm-remodeling insights from the neuroscience frontier to the layman. They have helped me with real practical problems as well as making the study field so much more engaging.
Just found u and liking all the videos
"Trajectories the mouse was taking during the day at night recapitulate during the shark wave ripple. And that means that the same place cells were activated one atfer another as if representing the same trajectory only their order was reversed and the time scale of the entire thing was much smaller."
Omg this was amazingly exciting and done exceptionally ❤ One question: does the brain send those “reverse replay packages” during memory consolidation process only during specific phases of sleep?
You rock!
Lemme take a nap to remember what this video was about thx
Artem, in which sleep mode does this "ripple" activities occur? deep sleep, light sleep or rem sleep?
Having watched all your previous videos, I find myself not preferring the new setup with the black curtain, especially combined with the gaming chair. I think before there was more of a vibe of "I'm just an academic taking time to share knowledge with you," while now it feels more in line with the average RUclipsr trying to run a show.
Of course if you are more comfortable with the new setup, by all means continued. I just wanted to provide feedback as I've found your content invaluable as I'm working to improve my learning systems. Thank you for your work thus far.
Thanks!
This setup is actually the recording studio at our university, where the lectures for distant classes are recorded (it just happens to have a gaming chair idk why ). I've agreed with the department to use it for my personal projects, when the studio is free. I guess I wanted to make the videos look more "professional" with 4k camera and stuff ;)
Plus, at the moment, it's much more convenient to do it this way, so that I'm not dependent on my roommates when recording the footage (since I live in a dormitory)
But I appreciate the feedback! Perhaps, I should make the setup look a bit more "homey"
I wonder... If the reverse play is to learn what behavior led to either a positive or negative reinforcement event. Like the birds in Skinner's box, desperately trying to figure out what made the food come out, begin to show "superstitions" and repeat all sorts of odd behaviors (like turning around to the left, for example) in hopes of triggering a new feeding. It makes sense to me that it would be examined in reverse in order to suss out what behavior led to the positive or negative event in order to either suppress or reinforce those behaviors.
Brilliant explanation! Thank you. I have already subscribed to your channel. That was in mouse. The same thing happens in humans? Do we plan the future with Ripley waves when sleeping? thanks Hugo
It happened during the gap effect too, yes.
[4:34] fast forward to picture of cute sleeping mouse :)
Very interesting video. If the hippocamal replay occurs during daytime, what is so special about sleep?
My understanding is that information in short-term memory that is deemed as unimportant will be forgotten so sleep could hinder lessons just before sleep, on the other hand they also reinforce memories being encoded into long-term memory. Your thoughts?
It is hypothesized that forward awake replay is used for planning ahead whereas reverse awake replay is used for encoding valuable behavioral sequences since it mainly occurs when the animal encounters an unexpected reward. As for sleep replays, they are thought to serve information transfer from hippocampal-dependent episodic memory to cortex-dependent semantic memory. Contrary to what is said in the video, I believe the replay of sequences during sleep are usually in the forward order.
@@chibrax54 interesting, it seems as tho the direction of replay could be impacted by the perception of information received by the individual... 🤷♂️
Very interesting question!
For starters, sleep has other important functions as well, such as clearing metabolic waste products from the brain. As for memory consolidation, the frequency of the ripples is much larger during slow-wave sleep, than during waking. Also, during sleep the balance of various neurotransmitters (such as dopamine, noradrenaline, acetylcholine) is changed, which could potentially affect the "effectiveness" of the ripple, providing a special surrounding for upregulation of synapses
But this is just my own thoughts. There are still a lot of blind spots in our knowledge on this matter 🙂
yeah
If forwards is sensory sending stuff to the hippocampus, and the backward replay memories are being sent out to the sensory organs.
They may not be a reverse replay, but a regular replay.
ya boy watching this after pulling an allnighter amd school starts in 1,5 hours :p damn
I spend 7/10 in sleep, no memory to consolidate
Are there place cells encoding place cell sequences?
Deja vu?
Артём, а в каком университете ты работаешь?
So the fast forward replay does not contribute to memory consolidation as reverse one does?
Your voice is hard to understand, because of the reflection of your table into the mic. Try to get it closer to you or use a Lavalier microphone. Love your vids. Keep it coming :) ♥
Why is it 4 am
Hope your doing well Artem. Can we expect new content from you considering the blocking of social media in Russia?
Thanks! Totally!
As far as I know, RUclips is not planned to be blocked yet. And I have a VPN subscription just to be safe ;)
Bro is in 47K now from 9K
0:00 My only correction on this video: employers still do not know that sleep is important
Me watching this at 3.50, feeling guilty for my morning self.
anyboday else woken up yo lucid state during reverse replay.
Me, watching this video at 4am: 💀🤡
(no worries I will sleep after, I'm juste more productive at night)
Is that why dreams are so weird? Because your brain signals are literally going in reverse?
Артёмка, сделай русские субтитры пж(
Is this a biological equivalent to backpropagation
You do know that there are people that only need 2 HOURS of sleep a day. Sleep all depends on the person
Reverse replay sounds like backpropagation
YOU spend 1/3.
I spend 1/2.
Кип ит гоинг, мен
💤
I wished the quality of the voice and the volume of it were better
Okay, memory. So the plants do think-! They sleep too. They’ve even got the DMT molecule we know to cause our vivid dreams.
A girl asked me once if I thought dogs think… I lost faith in humanity that day.
Ironic to be watching at 4am
I couldn't watch because of the post-production nauseation effect. Stop that.
can you grow a beard?
Sounds exactly like Backpropagation. I have believed this the moment I learned how to write Neural networks and even named some of my Backprop functions simply " sleep(double _delta){ "