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There Is Something Faster Than Light
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- Published on Feb 17, 2026
- How an argument between Einstein and Bohr changed quantum mechanics forever.
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Thank you to Dr Adam Becker for his help with this video - check out his book here ve42.co/WhatReal
And special thanks to Thierry Avignon, Benjamin Vest, and Lionel Jacubowiez of the Institut d'Optique Graduate School - Laboratoire d'Enseignement Expérimental (LEnsE)
Correction:
30:53 Electrons and Positrons not Protons
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0:00 The Speed of Gravity
3:07 Spooky Action at a Distance
5:21 The Copenhagen Interpretation
9:12 The EPR Paradox and Hidden Variables
17:25 Einstein vs Bohr
20:51 John Bell and Entanglement
22:14 Bell’s Theorem
29:30 The Bell Inequality Test
33:41 The Most Misunderstood Experiment in Physics
35:06 The Locality Problem
40:37 The Many-Worlds Interpretation
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References:
Adam Becker (2018). What is Real?. Basic Civitas Books - ve42.co/WhatReal
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox via Wikipedia - ve42.co/EPRWiki
Einstein, A. et al. (1935). Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?. American Physical Society (APS) - ve42.co/EPR
Solvay Conference via Wikipedia - ve42.co/SolvayConf
Owen Willans Richardson Photo Galley via nobelprize.org - ve42.co/SolvayPhoto
Bohr-Einstein debates via Wikipedia - ve42.co/BohrEinDeb
Bacciagaluppi, G and Valentini, A (2009). Quantum Theory at the Crossroads. Cambridge University Press - ve42.co/Crossroads
Bohr, N. (1935). Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality be Considered Complete?. American Physical Society (APS) - ve42.co/BohrResp
The Solvay Conference via rarehistoricalphotos.com - ve42.co/SolvayImg
Kragh, H. (2022). Chemists Without Knowing It?. Firenze University Press - ve42.co/BhorsConferenceImg
Einstein Attacks Quantum Theory. The New York Times via nytimes.com - ve42.co/EinsteinAttackQT
Oral History Interviews via repository.aip.org - ve42.co/BohrInterview
Images & Video:
Image and video references can be found here - ve42.co/BellsI...
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Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
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Writers: Mithuna Yoganathan, Casper Mebius & Derek Muller
Producer & Director: Mithuna Yoganathan
Editor: Spencer Wright
Camera Operators: Mithuna Yoganathan, Derek Muller and Maxime Beauquesne
Animators: Alex Drakoulis, Fabio Albertelli, Emma Wright, Andrew Neet and Peter Nelson
Illustrators: Jakub Misiek, Katheryn Chan, Grace Nemanic, Isaac McCree and Natalky Zhuk
Assistant Editor: James Stuart
Researchers: Gabe Strong and Sophia Long
Thumbnail Designers: Abdallah Rabah, Ren Hurley & Ben Powell
Production Team: Katy Southwood, Josh Pitt, Anna Milkovic and Matthew Cavanagh
Executive Producers: Derek Muller & Casper Mebius
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images, Storyblocks
Music from Epidemic Sound
Notes
*When we show the Stern Gerlach experiment we’ve chosen to flip the polarity of the machine when measuring a positron. This is because both its spin and charge should oppose the electron’s. This would mean both would bend in the same direction! We’re interested in seeing the difference in the spins so we flip the machine to make this clearer.
**We show curved spacetime using Flamm’s Parabaloid, which we discovered is controversial, more notes on that here - ve42.co/HBDFlamm
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4th lol
5th
Hi
4th?
a yes, 14 minutes ago, 41 minutes ago
I find myself in a superposition of both understanding and not understanding this video.
Good one 🙂
Same. They explain it in a way that seems easy to understand, but when I stop to think about it, it makes no sense to me.
Facts Nation...
Before watching this video I was in a superposition of both understanding and not understanding quantum mechanics. But watching this video collapse my wave function and now I am 100% certain I do not understand.
Veritasium videos are getting too long to watch these days even at 2x speed LOL
If you take a pair of socks and send one to Mars and then put the remaining sock on the left foot, the sock on Mars instantaneously becomes the right sock.
If I write a sentence here, and send a description of it to Neptune, but later add a negation here... poof, instantaneous falsehood at a distance -- quantum trolling.
@LaurenWilson-cm8ic How would you prove it without crossing that distance though? 😊
This is Nobel Prize material.
Also, socks in the dryer exist in a superposition between the sock phase and the lint phase. When you open the door, the wave function collapses and your missing sock is in the lint filter.
There's a non-zero chance you can open the door and all the socks will be in the lint phase.
(I didn't make up that joke.)
@FrankyFeedlerYou prove it the same way you prove it “non-local theory” the distance isn’t a factor, so you do the same test in a lab. The action at a distance, then send the information that negates that. Test how consistent they are and….
Sadly non-measurable locally. People on Mars won't know until you tell them!
My understanding of quantum mechanics collapses as soon as it's observed
Fair enough 👏
😂😂😂😂😂
everybody's.
Underrated comment here.
“If think you understand quantum mechanics, you don’t understand quantum mechanics.”
So, Bell died before receiving the prize? It was a... no-Bell physics prize?
fantastic observation jajajaja
Yes
🤣🤣
Took me longer to get this joke than it did to understand this video.
why do you use Clippy as Avatar?
Old scientists had the best quotes for saying something was absurd.
@DeeSea3That level of humility is still present in europeans. Only Americans think they are entitled to everything and that they are the smartest.
@SpeaksYourWordand is your comment an example of the European humility that we lack?
@SpeaksYourWordWow, you're so full of humility right now. Americans should act more like you...
They were also wrong half the time. They also let ego get in the way more often that you'd like. Feynman's famous "shut up and calculate" line was in response to someone legitimately criticizing one of his ideas. Instead of refuting the point, he just told the guy to shut up.
It's because old scientists had philosophy as a subject.
I feel like a toddler listening to court room language.
It's not because you don't understand enough, it's because of they do not really understand the subject they're talking about from vid to vid. For example, they don't explain how the spins measurement synchronization is provided. This is a crucial moment, but they don't care.
These pesky videos, they don’t understand physics
I explained Bell inequality as well, but I show there is an hidden variable solution, have a look ;)
Do you still believe the law is logical or based in precedent? 😂
@MrAtomicPig I just find it a bit frustrating we're given these "simplified" versions of these experiments that just feel so abstract that I cannot comprehend how they fit in with reality. I don't understand the setup or how the angle logic applies and the simplication only furthers it away from being a physical reality in my mind.
"The next day, Bohr took a nap and never woke up" Einstein's ghost got to him after what he said
EPR must go!
Who must go?
Maybe no one should have tried to measure his awake state and then he wouldn't have collapsed.
After all, Einstein completely misunderstood quantum mechanics. And for at least two decades, his theories have been considered nonsense by many physicists. I wonder what it will take for the cult of Einstein to finally collapse. How much must a theory diverge from the facts before someone finally bangs their fist on the table? Because at the moment, physics is in a complete crisis, but of course it is still forbidden to criticize Einstein's nonsense, for fear of losing grants and positions.
@LordDarkwiiSchrödingers Bohr
@p0k314COMAlso Einstein: Discovers existence of Quantum Entanglement before any Quantum physicist found about it
What I learned is that most scientific debates can be settled by everybody involved passing away.
Almost like hubris prevents objective opinion 😂
The smarter the person the tighter and more complicated the knots they tie.
Many things stop being relevant after a 100 years!
43:19 The problem with the many-worlds idea isn’t that it’s hard to believe, but rather that it’s impossible to test.
Also it doesn't actually remove the wave function collapse either,you still need it for the experiments to match
You never know. Before Bell it also looked impossible to test
@raykirushiroyshi2752 I thought the point was that there is no “collapse”, which itself isn’t really well defined from what little I can understand. I thought it was just taking Schoedinger’s equation at face value and not assuming “classical” things exist, and that everything is “quantum”. Happy to be corrected and understand better, though.
You're right, that's my problem with the theory. It doesn't feel scientific. Maybe we just can't test it yet but I'm not putting my money on that theory.
It's not really a problem, more like a feature. Many-worlds is an interpretation, it doesn't really add anything to the math, so it's just as real as Copenhagen interpretation. Pick your poison and all that.
Einstein really snatched Bohrs soul for that disrespect in that interview 😂😂
They're still bickering in their next lives
Meanwhile, Bohr ultimately was correct.
I vill mess vith time.
@harwn999dyk why cheese is not chicken
_“Dude, I'm just trying to point a problem in your theory. Why are you being snarky, b¡tch?!”_ 💀
"imagine you and your friend are measuring a pair of entangled particles."
Oh yeah... you know me... I love going out to measure entangled particles with the homies
Oh me and my homies sure get entangled a lot alright.
Wish to have such friends 😢
@andg2984underrated
This guy Veritasium must have so much energy. I have no energy to study boring things anymore.
It reminds me of the time me and a friend split an actual atom. OK, maybe it was pretend.
my brain particles didn't communicate with the knowledge particles and resulted in a disagreement rate of 100%
My brain function collapsed watching this.
67 likes
What was the resolution state after collapse?
Do I make good music ?
wait wasnt the year 1935 the year when the word pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis was made?
@zeeshanbhat don't be cruel
You know you're a big deal with Niels hears Einstein and concludes "I don't get it, must be me" 😂😂
What a great world this would be if more people had the humility to admit to their shortcomings.
Isn't it a bit snarky though?
The smell of my own fart after i eat eggs with onions and garlic is too slowly compared to Light.
I think that's just the code of conduct, inside his mind he thought like a true redditor 😆
313
Great. Now there are 2 of me: one who understands what just happened, and one who does not. I wonder how that first guy is doing now...
That is really good joke lmao
According to the theory, there is a continuous mushrooming of reality to engage in every single thing to ever possibly exist. There's more than just two of you. You've turned into a giraffe eating hot cheetos on Mars somewhere. This is the "compromise" to understanding quantum mechanics.
He is currently building Heisenberg compensators and the NCC-1701D Enterprise. He will soon be into control of the galaxy. Be afraid.
Underrated comment
the explanation was not good compared to other explanations on youtube
Textbooks act like Einstein was senile in '35, but he literally discovered entanglement just to spite Bohr. Dude was playing 4D chess while everyone else was playing checkers.
i do have the doubt about this cause wdym by Einstein discovering it cause didn't copenhagen interpretation already tell the connection between the electron and positron? if they did then shouldn't they already know that whatever happens to one particle affects the other one? isn't this the main principle of quantum entanglement ? i asked this cause I'm genuinely curious btw
@l@laasya6673parently not - at 22:30 in this video the EPR paper was referenced as the first to bring up entanglement (and the asterisk notes Einstein and Schrödinger talking about it before, with Schrödinger coining the term)
man imagine a time where science discovery and breakthrough is big news in newspapers
Just dedicate the credit to Mr.Trump. It will surely be a big news... :)
Instead of buried or defunded into oblivion...
Imagine the News reporting on serious issues and not what some idiot did on love island.
Imagine newspapers still being relevant
Still happens today but not in the front column or just for one dat.
Derek's figured out that if the advert is the only part of the video you understand, you won't skip the ad.
I understand the video but I don't understand it,so I skipped
You would. Because untill you see the "Schroedingers" video, you will not know if you understand it.
oh yes. good content. thank you ✌🏻
I blocked it. No longer local. 🤣
The problem is that Nord doesn't really solve any problems and in fact in attempting to make something more complex makes it easier to determine.
Is your traffic more or less anonymous if it leaves your isp for a particular destination and then traverses an arbitrary route to appear at another known outpoint before continuing to its original destination?
A vpn is designed to secure traffic between two places of known security. It isn't secure if one of them is just some other easilly monitored point on the internet.
What we need instead of VPN's for the majority of people is firewalls that prevent devices from communicating to a host of third party sites providing tracking and device data and to push developers to not need to receive that data for proper application function. That will improve security and privacy. Of course Google has made this option illegal in newer versions of android because they are dependant on that private data being public.
Douglas Adams - "Nothing travels faster than the speed of light with the possible exception of bad news, which obeys its own special laws."
True
I read that in the fifth book in the trilogy
😆🤣
How true, it is information
it's very peculiar ain't it
As the Hitchhiker' guide to the Galaxy tells us in the final book, "Mostly Harmless":
"Nothing travels faster than the speed of light with the possible exception of bad news, which obeys its own special laws."
I feel like a loott of people who write books about physics have a real poetic side ...
37:00: "Imagine you and your friend are measuring a pair of entangled particles..." ...as friends commonly do.
Pretty sure that was a euphemism ... ...
The good times when people had friends...
Sir, this is advanced science. If you don't understand it try some games more apprpriate for you.
Average Wednesday afternoon activity
Or a romantically entangled couple whose individuals often spin things to support their own angle during a disagreement.
I see, I guess even veritasium can't break the curse of the more you learn about quantum mechanics, the more it doesn't make sense.
Quantum mechanics (and not this video) makes complete sense if your consider it, and physics, as what it is - not as classical material stuff, but as a method of ordering and surveying human experience. There is nothing wrong with non-local correlations (what Veritasium incorrectly calls 'faster than light communication'). There is everything wrong with creating pointless imaginary worlds, on par with the unreality of heaven and hell.
@decorator_name I would say the only "problem" is how it actually works. That it happens is observed. Why it happens seems to still be out to lunch.
3:01 "after einstein fixed gravity" this is a crazy line to say as if it was just another tuesday lol
“Hi honey, how was your day?”
“I reassembled the space-time continuum to prevent paradoxes and stabilize the universe.”
“Wasn't that scheduled for tomorrow?”
“... fck ...” 😂
@Klebe99336644lmao I love this
To be exact, it was a Wednesday, the confusion happens a lot!
@Klebe99336644 "well, timing is relative, you see..."
We're calibrating your brain for the upcoming universal message.
So, they had a "what," but Einstein looked and noticed they were missing some "whys and hows" that shouldn't be missed because they have some serious potential implications on those "whats."
But they were like "shut-up old man." Very few took him seriously in the field until after the fact when they could do some hard testing.
100% listening 0% understanding
Hey indian brother
Same here😂
It left me more confused than ever.
That's because the people in this video also don't understand the topic, they are retelling stories they themselves were retold
@Victor-zg8kqit's not narrative video it's information video
Hey, I have a friend by that name.
This content was so informative as a math major, I love the way you explain graduate and even Ph.D. Level topics at an undergraduate level or even lower (sometimes)! Much thanks from North Carolina.
Honestly man. As a math major, I was intrigued by this video. Thank you veristasium ❤
What this guys said, Absolutely love these videos!
Hey nice, I have a degree in applied math from nc state and live in nc too!
Erm I have an average mark in UK high school maths, so that is before college and university as I didn’t go to them. Thanks to RUclips I now understand Superpostion, Quantum Tunnelling, Lasers, Planck Distance and the fabric of Space Time. 4 years of RUclips premium has taught me more than I learnt in 10 years of school. If you want to learn the algorithm will teach you, fantastic tool.
@gmennc2648 Applied math is the tits. When I started to give myself an ersatz math degree, my dentist and my doctor both said "yeah I was a math major. Then I hated it and went into pre-med" "oh, what did you hate?" "Don't remember". For both.
I'll tell you what they hated -- pure math. (I actually like group theory). Talking to other people, most people hate Real Analysis, but it was too... fundamental for me to hate it; what I found agonizing was Number Theory. Ye gods.
Then when I started teaching myself Fourier Analysis, my brain woke up again.
whenever two physicists have an argument, new branches of science are created
Until one is proven to be false.
I belong to the Flat Death Star side
@Origin-80 Not necessarily. This isn’t a great outlook to have. Discourse should be had to get closer to the truth, not to crown a winner.
@hoosierdaddy1469
The sith will never win.
🥱. Y'all are tiring today
@Nathan-MediaI dont think you understand. Science is often about flasifying hypotheses to be able to continue on others while getting closing to the truth.
This was a great documentary on How to Start a Cult! Thank you.
This video to me is exactly like the Bhor’s reply to the Einstein’s EPR paper.
Lol that's exactly what I am thinking 😂😂
🤙 Determinism is Freedom 🤙
true
I think I can explain it. Imagine you have two spaceships traveling close to the speed of flight. And then one of them smokes a blunt and passes out on the couch, and the other one says "f*** it" and throws their phone/laptop out the window.
at any given moment the brain relies on position (somatic) frequency (autonomic) and intensity (interic/limbic). which means one signal is dominant in a moment. i do illusions
I have no such dichotomy. I can clearly state I have no idea what is going on
I do. It's very simple. Bohr was correct for what was happening. But the reason he said they were happening made no sense. Einstein was pointing this out. You don't understand what Bohr was talking about because it's a bunch of nonsense.
😂🤣😂😍🙏
And yet life goes on with or without understanding quantum mechanics.
This is nuts. I’ve never had a physics video give me more questions than answers
Then you aren't following them correctly haha
This is where the real fun begins for you then
Watch PBS Space Time. You'll have questions for the rest of your life
@ChaosDesigned nah bro this video was meant to be inquisitive, it ends on an ambiguous note. the whole point in scientific discovery is to ask questions.
Really???... if this cooks your mind wait till hemakes a video about friction
Bro this is the best video I've ever seen. I'm like transcending rn
Turns out the title and thumbnail are actually in superposition until Veritasium makes up his mind.
😂
Does that mean A-B Testing is a superposition? We won't know the final title and thumbnail until the views are measured.
Maybe superpositions are the universe A-B testing physics?
I think that is not so far fetched. The number of clicks on the different thumbnails/titles is messured, YT calculates a probability and a final version is the result. "The waveform collapses". So in another universe the other thumbnail will prevail ;)
It’s never permanent. One of the most important ways you have to get clicks on RUclips is to regularly change the title and thumbnail.
There's a comment in some codebase that says: “this optimization does not preserve locality and it will confuse humans, but the saved computation is worth it.”
Yeah. The more I learn about the holographic principle, the more I imagine the laws of quantum mechanics must be evidence of a compression algorithm at play.
If the results don’t violate causality, who cares about the details of the interaction?
God 😂, love the way you put it.
Future words of whoever discovers O(-1). We were wrong about sqrt(-1), weren't we?
@Amorphant What's the letter O in O(-1)?
@jordanliu9747 It's called Big O notation. It tells you how the time (or size) of something grows. Let's say you have some code that sorts a list of N names. If the run time is N^2, aka quadratic, aka O(N^2), it will take 100 units of time to sort 10 names. This is bad. If the run time is N, aka linear, aka O(N), it will take 10 units of time to sort 10 names. This is better. If the run time is unchanging, aka constant, aka O(1), that's as good as it gets.
Off topic, but that painterly style of animation is just *beautiful,* hats off to the artists who made the moving illustrations for the video.
The animations are great! I couldn't see anyone talking about that
Heavily AI assisted isn’t it
@martinevans8965 My thoughts exactly; I'm a bit apalled...
Thank you Gemini
@martinevans8965 if it can help to simply understand such confusing ideas, AI is great
@veritasium Can you expand on this video by doing a comparison of Many Worlds vs relational quantum mechanics, etc? That would be so awesome! Loved this one! Thank you!
I took some graduate-level courses in quantum physics. But only now, because of this explanation, I realized what the problem was - about 20 years later😱
The explanation made in this video still ignores the "relativity" of it all. The only thing faster than LIGHT is time - how else will you measure IT?
Saying a particle's state (entanglement) relies on the other, implies BOTH remanifested from the same wave function. Time will always collapse it.
"Parallel universes" is just lazy.
@MinusMedleyI think it's silly because my not knowing which I have doesn't change which I have just because I look and it certainly doesn't make the other the opposite of mine. It always was.
They make the argument that if you could travel in time you could exploit the outcome of the particle what leads to an paradox.
But that’s super flawed cause everything in physics tells us you could theoretically travel in to the future but never into the past. This barrier i strongly believe will never be broken. So with no going back there is no way to exploit the outcome of the particle and therefore no paradox.
Like you said the outcome always WAS! I don’t exactly have the metal capacity if that means time is faster than light. But i do feel so.
The idea of you getting entangled with the particle is just ridiculous and an lacy explanation.
Like yeah we have an problem, let’s just take away all barriers…solved we live in an multiverse….
I really appreciate the explanation of how quantum entanglement is generated. That was always the part that confused me.
technically he explained theories that can explain quantum entanglement. THE explanation itself is still up for debate. But yeah those were really well summerized and presented.
My best guess would be that 2 particles were once only one but unstable, splitting apart making one's spin positivity and one's negatively
@AKG58Z makes intuitive sense. I like that idea.
@AKG58Z Nah I bet it has to do with string theory their strings get tangled up when they get too close to each orther
at any given moment the brain relies on position (somatic) frequency (autonomic) and intensity (interic/limbic). which means one signal is dominant in a moment. i do illusions
All this prove is that Schrödinger's Cat was always DEAD the whole time.
-we left it in there for a month…
We know the cat is dead because it's been in that box since 1935. No need to even look. 😊
I still only understood a fraction of this, but it's by far the best blend of layman's and technical info on the subject that I've seen to date. I finally understand why many worlds theory exists. thanks.
It is easy to misunderstand you at 38:00, where you said "the answer will arrive before she send you this message", where it is only true for the 3rd observer. Both Alice and Bob experience causality normally, but the way you turned your sentence make it sounds like the 3rd observer is also Alice.
I guess the argument is with faster than light travel there isn't an objective order in which events happen even if you just consider Alice and Bob.
Like if it makes more sense for you to think of the 3rd observer who sees Bobs message first, they send their own instantaneous message to Alice telling her to not send the message you get the same outcome.
Like with faster than light information causality is definitely broken
@Test1-i9u Whilst i don't agree with most of V's logic and waffle, this statement is true. The incompressibility of space is the sub net where a different layer of communication occurs. the system knows before the emission where it is going due to the path of least work. Through incompressibility every path is scanned instantly, push one end and the other end moves. So the system knows where it is going before it sets off.
They can't help to conjure those kind of hocus-pocus, voodoo, magical vocabulary.
"Paradoxes are sexy" approach is to convince us masses that bleeding edge science is not for us, we need some "scientific priests" to understand it.
@Onib-q9p you very obviously have never tried to explain complex problems to someone
@Onib-q9p It's ok to be dumb - try it
This title changes faster than light.
How to turn this tune in my head off now?
I think you are in another world and see the other title.
What Einstein and the gang don't know (because it didn't exist in their times) is that YT video titles are massless particles and thus travel at light speed.
But if you wanna believe that they change faster, you're trying to beat causality, so I guess video titles have negative mass or something? Let's just call it dark energy to be safe hahah
Title right now is:
“Making comments about the title and thumbnails changing all the time PROVES you’re gay”
It's shocking how many people still don't understand A/B testing despite YT offering it to creators for a while now.
EDIT: "i AkShUlLy aLrEaDy KnEw AbOuT iT." No. If you understood A/B testing you'd know that it's a harmless practice that content creators can use to improve their performance, because your dumb ass will click anything that a cave man would find engaging. If you're feeling manipulated by A/B tests, it's your fault for being so smooth-brained that a different title/thumbnail will influence your choice. It's the worst hill to die on because it's openly admitting that you're a simpleton.
I've just realized how many of the viewers are really into this kind of science vids in a short period of time!
at any given moment the brain relies on position (somatic) frequency (autonomic) and intensity (interic/limbic). which means one signal is dominant in a moment. i do illusions
JESUS IS GOD , REMEMBER HIM. HE IS COMING SOON. THE PROPHESIES OF HIS COMING ARE HAPPENING SO THAT IS PROOF AND ALSO THAT ONLY CHRISTIAN MINERALS HAPPEN. AND NEVER ANY WERE ELSE. AND THAT THE MORE YOU DELVE INTO SCIENCE , THE MORE YOU SEE GOD. the more you look into science , the better you see GOD. Look up the true meaning of CHRISTmas
@FrankMadoffe Dude I've seen better recruitment ads for the neighborhood watch
uh the vid is almost like an hour long that's not short. unless I misunderstood.
@FrankMadoffewhat god ?...you know there are 1 milions gods and if you take is statisticly chinese religions are masive...christianity was imposed...so stfu and learn something from this video
I always wanted an Answer as to where Science really stands today on concluding entanglement and this video clearly answers it. I believe if I heard everything correctly, entanglement is faster than speed of light and so by that logic causality is faster than speed of light in quantum world. The way it is explained here is amazing!
No
Nothing in the thumbnail suggests this video was a comedy but I'm rolling on the floor reading some of the comments
Hahaaha 😆
I subscribe to this channel, just to read the comments. It’s quite enlightening. 😊
🤙 🤙 Determinism is Freedom 🤙 🤙 🤙
But are you rolling up or down?
@MarioBonoSame here. Often, the video themselves leave me with some comprehension gaps and it’s the comments of some of the more knowledgeable audience that i learn from. It’s why i read a lot of comments.
"The next day, Bohr took a nap after lunch, and never woke up"
What a strong way to frame everyday life and death as equally mundane.
And then you consider that we just happen to be entangled with the version of Bohr that never woke up, and there may be a world where he did wake up and kept right on going.
@jeremypmerrilldeath isn't one event. It's lots of micro events causing cumulative damage, or building clot, etc. That eventually turns into the body dysfunctioning enough that it dies.
You don't get it, man.
@KindredKinNot saying he never would've died, just making the point we only see our branch in MW. Obviously most decoherence events wouldn't affect the macro world in any meaningful way, but if MW is right, there ARE many vastly different versions of history, each equally real, band we only see the branch we are on.
He wasn't the only one who died when he tried to criticize "untouchable" theories. Remember Tesla.
From a certain perspective, I watched this video before it was uploaded
I got an email from myself saying "Don't watch it"
I pooped before I ate my burrito
I played GTA VI before is was released.
From a different perspective you watched it at another time after it was released 😅
I watched it forwards and backwards at the same time.
20:00 Nooo way 😂 you animeted that weird shape bending effect
i love how they are bringing back old topic and explaining them better, with more context and latest developments. Now i realize how long i have been watching veritasium..
I understood everything and nothing at the same time, my understanding got entangled with my ignorance
so if your ignorance positive your understanding is negative?
But how did you knew you are ignorant before understanding everything or nothing ^^ im cunfused i think im gonna vote for Trump DD
You have been to Valhalla, but you didn't get the tee shirt.
"Faster-than-light communication is impossible. You can't affect something somewhere far instantly. Let's instead clone THE ENTIRE UNIVERSE instantly to make room for both possibilities." Yeah, that tracks.
That never happened here. Go play other games, mate.
All points in space and time are connected.
@Knot_Guilty How?
All because of math btw 😂
I just copy pasted my comment, as i wrote my thoughts before I've seen your comment. You highlighted well the contrast of epistemological disarray in this video. It feels like the views collection is above the evidence collection.
This was my comment to the video:
"
How funny to see the video's ending promote the many-worlds hypothesis, while it is unfalsifiable by design. It posits infinite parallel universes, eternally unobservable and unmeasurable, impossible to test or disprove. Pure speculation dressed as physics, solving no experimental problem simpler interpretations don't, yet demanding acceptance of countless universes without a shred of evidence. Fantasy masquerading as science. Just to avoid reconsidering the starting axioms that lock them into a belief system where adding more universes is easier than questioning what is taken as 'fundamentally real'.
"
How do you guys make such elegant and crisp videos? I don't understand but I do appreciate it🎉.
Amazing video. I wrote my 'term paper' during my A level studies about entanglement and structured it almost identically to the video, starting with the EPR paper and ending on many-worlds.
If I remember correctly, I also added a short section about quantum teleportation, using a subway sandwich as an example:
When creating a specific sandwich, you need some ingredients but also the information about the arrangement of those. Only the latter was possible to 'teleport', you needed to have the ingredients ( =entangled particles ) on side. By using clever machinery, you would 'read' the arrangement of the sandwich to teleport, project that arrangement to the one pair of the entangled particles on your end, such that the pair on the other end (which could be light-years away) would collapse in a way which recreated the arrangement of the sandwich, becoming the sandwich. That process was destructive to the original sandwich, but really, if one would take and swap a cucumber slice on a sandwich with a completely identical other cucumber slice - from our perspective, it would still be the same sandwich.
Such teleportation would also not violate the 'nothing is faster than light' principle, because the entangled particles would first need to be entangled locally, and then moved to those far away places with sub-light speed, before the teleportation.
This was more than a decade an ago, and I was a kid, so I have no idea if it still holds true today, or even if I understood it correctly back then.
Gosh, remembering it now, I think I brought an actual Subway sandwich to class to demonstrate.... Rather embarrassing in hindsight.
The reason it’s almost identical is because you saw the video before you wrote your paper without knowing it.
many worlds is a cop out with zero evidence
My brain is spinning but 25% of the time it's spinning the wrong way.
EXACTLY 25%?
just take an aspirin before you open cornhub , your head will only spin 25% of the time.
5:18 we need more people like niels bohr who are like "i dont understand it guess its my fault"
Oh trust me, we don't need people like that. Homie literally had years of beef even when he knew what einstein said made sense. This is why he never made much of a discussion until einstein passed away mocking his thought experiments.
@Shuunyatah He was right in one sense, but physicists are more sensitive to their craft than Hollywood actors. One wrong analysis can tank an entire career. It was back then, and even still to today. Which is why these days, many physicists deal in the realm of possibility and changing physical laws to meet political and economic expectations. 🤑
I think we need people who say that kind of thing and then walk-the-walk. Too many people will do like Bohr and say one thing publicly while thinking the opposite.
No. To me it's a generally rude statement that means nothing. "You're an asshole but I could be wrong". I despise this isolated commentary...
@AlephMuDeGauss you hate people not assuming they're correct?
I studied the theories and couldn’t find the answer till now
Many-worlds feels like a get-out-of-jail-free card: when we don’t know how measurement works, we declare that everything happens and move on.
In my opinion, Most of science feels this way too me
Correct. And here is something that also bothers me about these experiments: Information doesn't travel.
Think about it, information is not traveling at any speed. In fact, information doesn't exist until you perform a measurement to *find* information in the first place.
So because of the particle's entangled state, we want to assume the act of measuring is what determines the information derived. Yet, this information was always going to be present. It was only a question of how it would be expressed within our locality of space time.
@Magus_Union Well put.
If I haven't yet found out what a particular thing is, that doesn't mean that the thing wasn't what it was all the time.
It's just that I might take a look at it from a particular perspective.
If I look at a cylinder from above, it's a circle. If I look from the side, it's a rectangle. They're both relatively accurate observations but only from the point of view of the observer.
The cylinder does have both attributes, but neither of them is the full picture. But if you only assess it from your own perspective, you'll be trapped in an incomplete certainty that your observation (that, e.g., it's a circle) is definitive while your friend, looking from another angle is equally convinced that it's a rectangle. Neither of you realises that it's a cylinder!
@Magus_Unionthe problem with this is the entire rest of QM. The particle isn't just in either up or down spin, it really is in both: you can have it interact with other particles and it will behave according to both states. Until you observe it, when it stops behaving like both and starts behaving like just the state you observed.
The details are (very) complicated, but there really is more going on than it just being information you didn't know yet.
Heck, even if you do measure, but then you carefully erase that measurement, it starts behaving like it's in both states at once again! This isn't at all something you can apply intuition from normal life to, it's a completely different set of rules.
7:44 long lost brother of Alan Becker 🫢
Adam becker
5:14 BATMAN WAS NIELS BOHR!!!
Hotdajm!
🦇
🤫
Oh god, thankfully I am not the only one who heard that.
y'all heard it too, oh thank fuq
The best video on entenglament I have ever seen
It proves they do not understand it. (see my comment for the right answer)
35:50 I believe that is the true mindset of a scientist: to question the world. It was because he was concerned about Isaac Newton's interpretation of his observations that Albert Einstein came up with his own which turned out to be more successful. It wasn't about Newton being wrong, it was about knowing the truth of the world. Newton's interpretation still helped Einstein narrow down his search of a better interpretation. I am sure that had Einstein still be alive, he would be like "okay, that alternative interpretation I proposed was wrong, but we still don't know the truth, which is the whole point." Settling at what works is the engineer's mindset, not that of a scientist. Experimental result can help narrow down the search of the truth, but does not replace it.
I appreciate your mindset, its a very healthy one for a scientist to have, in my opinion.
Too bad no one questions Einstein theory
Einstein would likely support people like Gerard 't Hooft if Einstein was still alive today. Despite common misconception, it's impossible for something like Many Worlds to be "local" under Einstein's definition. The people who claim it is "local" change the definition of locality to a definition different from the one the EPR paper was using. The EPR paper succeeds in ruling out local no-hidden-variable models under Einstein's definition of locality. Einstein would not let go of locality in light of Bell's theorem, because Einstein published one paper where he argued the end of locality under his definition would be the end of science, because science is based on the ability to separate/isolate phenomena to study them, which would be impossible in a nonlocal universe.
Bell's theorem rules out local hidden variable models, and if you combine it with the EPR theorem, then this means locality as a whole is ruled out in any interpretation, which would be unacceptable to Einstein. Einstein would thus likely search for "loopholes" in Bell's theorem, and a well-known way to escape Bell's theorem is through superdeterminism, and there is a good reason to believe Einstein would be partial to superdeterminism as he had literally published a paper where in it he says point-blank that maybe the difficulty in building a hidden variable model lies precisely in the false assumption that the experimenter has the freedom to choose whatever initial conditions they want. That is superdeterminism, which is the kind of models Gerard 't Hooft works on.
That’s why I’m at odds with Bohr’s idea that physics is just to predict natural phenomena and to not ask why. Curious questions are the reason that people like Einstein and John Bell make groundbreaking discoveries, yet they’re ostracized for not conforming to accepted theory.
@whiteeye3453 They do. That's the whole deal with quantum physics and general relativity. One works fantastically in describing cosmological phenomena and macroscopic events, and the other accurately describes microscopic phenomena.
I love how these kind of videos make me feel so unintelligent but I love watching them lol.
5:54 Wait is that Looking Glass Universe???
The thing that keeps me the most to understand this video in its entirety is the concept of "locaty" and "non-locality", whats something local and why it matters.
locality only became necessary with special theory of relativity. This theory is compact, consistent, and very satisfying to learn. Then come back to QM.
I feel like this is one of those things where the answer is staring right in our faces and some really basic assumption we have is preventing us from seeing it.
What if it is just actually based or who opens it first and not who someone observes opening it first.
The answer is already staring us in our faces… superdeterminism. But humans are so obsessed with “free will” that we refuse to accept a universe where there is no such thing.
@bradjoyner9586 Can't help it. Fated to believe in free will.
@bradjoyner9586 Makes a lot more sense than multi-world.
The assumption is that the word we perceive is real. Take that away, and the many worlds theory is easy.
Its been 22:00 mins since I started watching this video and I understand 0% of it and I expect it to stay the same until the end.
I'm sure you understood that some people were alive and are now dead, and photographs and videos were taken.
So, basically, Einstein figured out that the speed of light is the speed limit of the universe. Nothing, including information itself, can travel faster than light in a vacuum.
To put this in gamer terms, whenever you play fortnite, if you check your Internet ping, it will always be greater than zero. If it were exactly 0, that would break the laws of physics.
Bohr gave an interpretation of quantum physics which, without realizing it, suggested that ping could be exactly zero. According to his theory, some types of Information can travel instantaneously. But he was too salty and butthurt to admit that this broke "locality." Locality is basically a fancy way of saying cause and effect.
That's everything I've gathered up to the 22 minute point.
Largely because it's being misrepresented in an attempt to teach it to you like you're a child. No particle "wants" to do anything, not least because 'particles' are not objects at all, they're just representations of symmetry groups in the mathematics. These public educators often tend to teach quantum mechanics and QFT in a way that reifies its mathematics and so completely obscures the truth. It aint your fault you understand 0% of it because they're not actually teaching you what it is.
@fromthesingularity if you can't simplify an idea enough to teach the basic concepts, you don't understand it well enough yourself.
I didn't hear anything that unironically suggested that particles 'want' to do anything, i.e. that they had free will. I believe you're taking some offhand phrase way too literally.
Your definition of particles is certainly far too obscure or esoteric to mean anything to anybody in this comment section.
The real reason this video is hard to understand from a layman's perspective is because it glosses over many topics (general relativity, superposition, entanglement) in order to get into the meat of the video. It is essentially assumed that most watching this video have learned enough about these basic ideas to understand these topics. Most probably don't.
Don't worry -- there's a version of you that understands it perfectly.
This video clears a big misconception about Einsteins relation to Quantum Theory, that he seemingly "doesn't accept it".
Einstein is raver a courageous genius who isn't afraid of asking clear questions.
If Einstein didn't wanted to accept quantum theory he wouldn't dedicate his time to reconciliate it with relativity.
🤙 🤙 Determinism is Freedom 🤙 🤙
Einstein had the balls to say "Your theory violates a fundamental law of the universe. It doesn't make sense."
Unfortunately for Einstein he was wrong that the world is local. If Bell had come along sooner, Einstein might have contributed more to quantum mechanics. Instead, he tried to develop a local theory, which we now realize will not work.
Can't wait for in 30 years or whenever we figure all this out for good
Something faster than the speed of light is the man changing tumbnails of the channel
They also change the titles of videos sometimes in the same day. It’s odd.
they are just trying to promote their videos
And titles
LMAOOOOO THIS
A lot of youtubers seem to do that, probably an effective strategy to reach different target groups on day 1
This video collapsed my wave function for 44 minutes and 15 seconds.
That's because the ending relies on magic to fill in the gaps.
"Hey, look, our dimension is totally like all these other dimensions we can't prove exist and can't explain why they would exist in exact replication except for a stupid minor change we need to do less mental work! Did we blow your mind?!"
😂
JESUS IS GOD , REMEMBER HIM. HE IS COMING SOON. THE PROPHESIES OF HIS COMING ARE HAPPENING SO THAT IS PROOF AND ALSO THAT ONLY CHRISTIAN MINERALS HAPPEN. AND NEVER ANY WERE ELSE. AND THAT THE MORE YOU DELVE INTO SCIENCE , THE MORE YOU SEE GOD. the more you look into science , the better you see GOD. Look up the true meaning of CHRISTmas
@FrankMadoffe Or look up 1 Samuel 15:2-3 to see your false God ordering mass baby murder like a common genocidal war criminal.
@FrankMadoffepraise him bro 🙌 praise her m in the RUclips comment
I reckon this has to be one of the best videos explaining quantum mechanics and entanglement and the lot. Interpretation is a big thing in this field.
The Science Asylum has some incredible videos on these topics too if you're looking for more
I am completely confused but utterly entranced by this video
quantum entanglement being “spooky” is like physics version of biology’s mitochondria is the “powerhouse of the cell”
Can you elaborate, please?
@GodmyXquantum entanglement was called "spooky actions at a distance"
It’s a great point, if I correctly understand your comment. Our understanding is, by default, limited to what we can confirm, test, or observe, and that alone is profoundly insufficient for exploring ultimate reality. It reminds me of the dilemma of understanding DNA: we know DNA contains ALL the information about virtually every cell in our organism and its inner- and intra-cell-purpose, yet the mystery of life itself still feels “spooky.” Pushing the "spookiness" further, we might even assume that “our reality” is merely a mirror-like reflection of a deeper reality, one that appears real to us but may not even exist in the fundamental sense.
According to Douglas Adams, bad news travels faster than light
😂
True. Also Terry Pratchett suggested there is a FTL particle called monarchon. Because monarchy cannot exist without king.
🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
@ales-rocks I would add the morononon, for transfer of dumb.
@ales-rocks “No matter how fast light travels, it finds the darkness has always got there first, and is waiting for it.”
Not to do with monarchies but another FTL Pratchett quote. Man, he really loves going after Einstein, doesn’t he?
"His meaning is just absolutely obscure to me" Such a gentleman.
Before I watched the part about the nonlocal version I was thinking the same thing
41:20, everything everywhere all at once
That film was meh.
God damn I edited it and then it didn't edit I think you get what I'm saying I'm not doing all that again but you never is one thing and it acts as one thing no distance and quantum mechanics It just acts like one singular thing
You can say it's non-local but if you think the universe is just a single thing locality doesn't matter there is no distance between things and say whole
And we are climbing down the rabbit hole with the quantum immortality theory
Superposition
Pretty sure I am faster than light when I see Veritasium upload
Bro you deserve a pin for that
at least ur pretty 🤦
This video really missed out on the opportunity to introduce Tim Maudlin and the John Bell Institute.
this video could have been the final explanation for entanglment on the internet if its was better edited and structured.
you made it complicated with those simplified analogies . but veritasium still the best watching for 15 years now
5:46 I SPOTTED C.V RAMAN
me too
So? Who cares
GOAT
@mosenkalle2770 yo mum
@lawlet4083damn son😂😂
in 10:37 it looks like gojo combining holo red and holo blue
“There is something faster than light” yeah, how fast I blink from the camera shutter 😭😭
You're actually wrong the speed of light travel around the whole earth in around 0.1 seconds
@RoberthBolthouse-n2jit was a joke 😭
Well I figured I'd still say your wrong in case it wasnt a joke
@RoberthBolthouse-n2j Nice save
@-kdrama.obsessed.Iris303- bro wrote two entangled versions of his answer in superposition that collapses it's wave function, depending randomly on which you read first.
I also have a feeling that what we are simplifying as “up” spin and “down” spin like a rotating tennis ball is an over simplification of what spin actually is, and the state of that particle may have a few other important unknown properties that we are not yet able to measure.
That's a simplification for pop sci purposes. Quantum spin is actually a bit more complicated than the spin of a 3d object.
Veritasium's speed of changing the title is faster than the speed of light
@paulhhpaulgood question but wouldn't it be unmeasurable?
They don’t manually change it. An app switches them out and keeps the one that gets the highest click rate.
@MachWonderIndeed, in another world, perhaps this video has a different thumbnail
@MachWonder it’s in a superstate until the final best title/thumbnail has been observed
@neo2264😂
No mention of superdeterminism?
heyyy, Looking Glass Universe, didn't know you were a Veritasium producer as well. Amazing to see two of my favourite science communicators together.
That surprised me as well, and I actually googled to see if I could find any information about this collab, but found nothing.
I came here to say the same thing!
In the very first sentence: "...one of the most sacred principles in Physics..." I thought that there were no dogmas in science, that nothing is "sacred" in science. As for Quantum Physiics, it seems so strange and conterintuitive that, given the limits of our senses and of our intelligence, I wonder how long it will take us to "understand" the fabric of the Univerrse - if we ever do.
As I understand it, in the Jinga game of cosmology, "nothing travels faster than the speed of light" is a core, foundational block. Remove that and the whole web of theories (and "laws") comes tumbling down.
I feel like i just unlocked a whole new level or stage in life after watching this video lmfao
The simplified diagrams and explanations made this 1000x more bearable 😅
Born too late to see every scientist debate each other and tryna make the world better cooperatively.
Born just in time to see every scientist debate each other and tryna make the world better cooperatively in Veritasium videos.
born in the right time to hate the fake word tryna
Max Born?
There’s something faster than the thing faster than the speed of light
@C@CyanideSprinklesmore of a word than sprinkles
@CyanideSprinklesall words are fake, accept this and you'll be happier
I watched it 2 times and i'll watch it more. Just fascinating.....
The thumbnail used to say "yes" instead of "see ya" as it does now.
This video does a great service by correcting the popular misconception that Bell's theorem rules out local hidden variables. I think it could benefit, though, from more discussion of superdeterminism.
I was hoping they'd mention superdeterminism, but I guess it's considered fringe (whereas many worlds and quantum mechanics in general makes perfect sense, of course). The explanation of Bell's theorem is also kind of vague, for example they just postulate that the rate of disagreement is 25% without explaining why.
@raizenpkyes, I'm struggling to really understand that part.
@isedwhatwhat So far, my understanding is that in quantum mechanics spin is σ ⋅ n, which is the dot product between the unit vector (n) of the axis you want to measure along and another vector with the Pauli matrices (σ). These matrices are like a mathematical operation which describes spin for all 3 dimensions and when you do a dot product with any arbitrary direction vector (your measurement axis), it outputs a +1 or -1 value. The correlation of spin between the two particles is (σ⋅a)⊗(σ⋅b), which is the tensor product between the two measurements, but when you expand this expression it simplifies to - a ⋅ b, that is the dot product of the two measurement axes, which is equal to - cos theta (theta is the angle between a and b). For 60 degrees, that's -0.5. Then to calculate what the odds are that the two measurements are the same, you do (1 + (-0.5)) / 2 = 0.5/2 = 0.25 = 25%. For opposite results (correlated ?) it's (1 - (-0.5)) / 2 = 1.5/2 = 0.75 = 75%.
So, that's 75% predicted by quantum mechanics, compared to (at most) 66% predicted by local hidden variables. This 9% difference means that, statistically, the measurements are opposite more times than you'd expect if the values were pre-assigned when creating the particles. It's as if, in these 9% of cases, the particle at b "knows" or instantly finds out on which axis the particle at a was measured, and it correlates its spin. Another way I look at it is that the spin is not really preset as +1 or -1, but rather in some kind of continous fractional value (sooo.. probabily ?).
The only way that the two values could be pre-set, while also being +9% correlated, would be if the particles as well as the measurement apparatus and everything in between was pre-correlated. That's what superdeterminism means, it's like the whole universe is a giant entagled state.
Anyways.. I honestly don't know what I'm talking about, it's just my attempt at somehow making some sense of it all, but really I think it's basically impossible to fully understand (for me).
@raizenpkI’m guessing it has to do with the trigonometric relationship between the actual direction of the spin and the orientation of the detector. Cos(60) is 0.5 and then you divide by 2 for… reasons. Am I on the right track?
Thank you! Either you have spooky action at a distance, or you have superdeterminism. Bell’s theorem proves that you can’t have local hidden variables in quantum mechanics. They say Bell’s theorem “doesn’t” say that, but I don’t know what this historian in the video is smoking - that’s exactly what Bell’s theorem says.
veritasium and looking glass universe Collab. Two of my favorite content creators
I also loved both. But now doubt it is leading to a happy marriage
Both are idiots
This somehow reminds me of the video he did on how light takes every possible path.
4:07 For me this is the best explanation of '(spooky) action at a distance' I've ever seen. Holy moly...
5:56 WAIT! I didn't know when Looking Glass Universe became the producer at Veritasium!!!!
Yes,me exiting sites when my mom enters my room