Building a HUGE pvc rocket motor - Dan Pollino's K500 motor
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- Опубликовано: 28 сен 2024
- Rotary Rocketry Merch ➤ rotaryrocketry...
Today I'm building Dan Pollino's K500 rocket motor.
We fill it with flexi-fuel sugar fuel and test it.
I would REALLY like to point out that I don't recommend people use this video as a building tutorial because of the "explody" problem we had when testing this motor. I am hoping to solve this and be back soon with another attempt at this motor.
Be sure you understand the possible dangers involved with using PVC as a motor casing. Take appropriate safety precautions when testing ANY type of experimental rocket motor.
Nozzle washer
www.mcmaster.c...
Motor mounting brass inserts
www.mcmaster.c...
Dan Pollino's RUclips channel
/ @danpollino
Interview with Dan Pollino
• Interview with Dan Pol...
Motion background:
• Habitación de nave esp...
Background music from RUclips library:
TrackTribe - A Night Alone
TrackTribe - Confident Kurt
Lots of comments regarding safety. This is a great video with lots of details. Anyone building something of this size probably has a good understanding of the dangers of large scale rockets. We're adults and shouldn't need all the whining Karens crying that the sky will fall. Anyone building this should understand that distance is safety. PPE is safety. That's all.
One of the best comments I've seen in a long time... Thank you.
@@rotaryrocketry my pleasure. I appreciate all the hard work, time and money that went into creating it. Thank you
Possible subtitles for that book.
Results May vary.
You may not be so lucky.
Believe it or not.
I keep them in formaldehyde.
This dumbass makes a motor in a tube that clearly has "NOT FOR PRESSURE" written down the side, claims its a tutorial, and misleads people who don't know better. Unless your PPE includes a Bomb Suit, good luck trying to protect yourself against an accidental explosion.
@@BrainiacManiac142 I do think Rotary Rocket needs some SERIOUS disclaimers on the video. At the beginning, in the middle, and at the end.
The "problem" with PVC cased HPR motors is that they're useful for certain applications, with a cost/benefit & pro/con tradeoff.
And at the same time, they're simple enough for any idiot with zero experience, $100, a Home Depot, & a supermarket in their town, to make something capable of killing themselves with in a weekend. Assuming they don't light a few pounds of powdered/confection sugar & KNO3 Spectracide "Stump Remover" on the kitchen stove first...
Most any High Power rocketry motor is not going have a tube/body that directly resists the combustion pressure laterally.
Aluminum, stainless steel, fiberglass, carbon fiber, phenolic resin & cotton, tight-wound pyrotechnic cardboard tube... they may have a higher burst rating than PVC, but they'll still all fail if they try to contain the combustion pressure directly.
The fuel itself does most of the containment, and right as it's finished combustion, the pressure drops.
And from a launch perspective, any significant failure is going to cause a CATO blowout that will destroy the rocket. So in that sense, wanting to use something cheap & available like PVC is not unreasonable.
The issue with PVC is that when it fails, it often shatters into multiple small triangular splinters. (Which is exactly what we saw in the video)
And that is just about the worst failure mode from a safety standpoint.
Other casing materials will burst while ripping open. Often staying in one piece, or, they might fragment, but there's only 2 ot 3 pieces. Or there's countless fragments, but the fragments are tiny and light, and can't travel any appreciable distance.
If proper range-safety is followed, the additional risk from PVC shrapnel is irrelevant. And if it fails on a launch, a motor casing with a more sedate failure mode in a CATO blowout is still going to wreck the rocket no matter what.
The various high power rocketry clubs will not allow PVC motors & Sugar/KNO3 mixes at any sanctioned event. Even if range safety makes the danger at launch moot. (Although, it might take out neighboring rockets awaiting their turn...)
Mainly because the fragmentation risk with PVC in the event of some wild low-probability accident while unloading the van, or carrying the motor to the staging & assembly area happened, in the middle of spectators etc.
But, if you're launching alone, in an appropriate place, and following the best safety procedures, the "risk" to using PVC & Sucrose/KNO3 becomes one of wasting your time in hopes of saving money, or, chasing the chance of getting more launches for your money.
This was well worth watching. I have built rockets, but never the engines. Thanks for the informative video. Even minor failure is worth seeing.
Rocketry is not an easy hobby once you get into making your own motors. Keep it up as I think you were getting things figured out. Good Luck!
I used to really love Dan Pollino’s videos - Inverse Engineering was one of my absolute favorites for awhile, and I just wish he hadn’t stopped making rocketry videos. Back when he was still living in the San Diego area and making videos I lived in the same area as a teenager and actually found/visited some of his test sites, including the one out in the desert near Ocotillo where he and sometimes his friend from Mexico would do flight tests and then also the site down near the border in Otay Mesa where he would do his static tests (that site always scared me given all the dry grass around it). I really wish he had left all his videos up - but it seems like he has removed some of his videos since those days.
In any case, fast forward to today and I’m a mechanical engineer with significant experience with SRMs and for a while I have wanted to build a k500, though after modeling the motor and doing some analysis I think I’ll likely end up just modifying it to improve its performance and margins. I’ll almost certainly also use printed tooling instead of templates too - there’s really no good reason not to.
Well, second attempt at this motor is coming really soon... Fingers crossed. I do feel like this motor has a narrow safety margin and could likely benefit from further development. But it's my hope that I can get it to work without changes because I never really wanted to re-develop Dan's motor.
Fire extinguishers remove the oxygen from the air around the burning object (and cool it). Since the fuel contains an oxidizer it doesn’t require air. Water proof Fuses can burn under water or in a vacuum so a fire extinguisher will not stop the burning. You can only run away. Great job just the same. You obviously know what you’re doing.
@@David-sp7gc The extigisher may not be able to stop the fuel from burning but it is still a wise tool to have in emergency to prevent "other" things from being ignited by burning fuel... like the entire rest of the garage :)
You should try those temperature dots the other guy used and cross check with the digital thermometer. You may find that the majority of your mix is still way under 200⁰. I'm most likely wrong, but it's a variable to eliminate.
Oh, I'm very confident the entire mixture was way over the 210 target. I knew it at the time but there isn't anything you can do once it is overheated. Well, other than start over... But I didn't want to do that.
Beat me to this project, nice job. I got the 'Fingers book online (used). As you point out, one does not need the templates, but there are snapshots of Dan's site on the Wayback Machine. And good hints about saving $$ here and there, too--my shop and budget seem to be similar to yours (ha ha, I too cut PVC pipe with an old radial arm saw). But I did spring for a cheap import vise for my drill press--looks like yours would take one, too--makes drilling that PVC pipe more stable, and one can bore holes through both sides at the same time. Didn't get to see your lathe, though!
Very interesting about hotter temperature making for harder, and faster burning, fuel. I can think of two reasons for both: the powdered sugar particles more fully dissolving, and loss of water by evaporation. In any case, one motivation for flexi-fuel was to be able to case bond without the fuel grain cracking under pressure. So maybe a compounding factor to faster burning was a cracked grain because of a harder and less ductile fuel. In any case, it is useful to learn that this aspect of creating the fuel has an important variable. (Another variable I've been thinking about is that corn syrups are not all the same.)
Regardless of all, this is really great stuff. The more experimenting you do, the less the rest of us will have to do.
Just to touch on a few of your points... Next time I build this, I'm going to use the 1/2" Forstner drill bit. It's only about $8 at Home Depot and hopefully will make drilling PVC much easier.
The aspect of harder fuel burning faster was only a simple observation experiment we did a few years ago... So hopefully I am correct about that. You are correct that I could have gotten cracking with this hard fuel and that would most certainly cause "Boom".
I looked through all the documentation I have from Dan and it never shows the actual container of corn syrup so I don't know what brand he was using. I suppose there is the possibility of slight differences between brands. I had also wondered about varying granule size for the potassium nitrate. Unfortunately, there is no way for me to compare my products to the ones Dan was using so I just have to go with what I have.
You've got that step drill bit. Should use it
Ya know I could have used that on the PVC... Funny... It didn't even occur to me at the time.
Thanks!
On large pipe like that it's best to glue both pieces to get a better bond. Pipe inch and a half in less it's not a big deal
Yeah, I saw that when I was editing the video... I really did mean to put glue on both sides. Sometimes you get so concentrated on shooting the video that you forget things :)
You can buy the coupling without the ring and it's called no hub.
Interesting... Maybe something for purchase on-line but they only have the ones with the ring at all my local hardware stores. Good to know though.
Polish that coring rod. Mirror it and you will be able to get it out easily the 220 sand paper was actually roughed up the rod
Good idea... I'll hit it with some 1200 grit before the next build.
@rotaryrocketry get a buffer and compound the closer you can get to a mirror the better it will not stick
Are you not using a 12 inch saw blade on your radial arm saw?
No, that one is only 10.
@@rotaryrocketry My machine is a 1956 model [not sure what year yours is] and I run a 12 inch, 100 tooth blade.
Something is maybe wrong with my motor though, as it bogs easily. [even with a 10 or 8 inch blade]
Eventually, I aim to open it up and see if there is a problem with the wiring, but right now, I'm busy with so much other stuff, I just limit how much I use it so I don't overheat the motor and destroy it.
Also, I suspect mine has been dropped or shocked somehow, because all of the right angle positioning points are between 0.5 and 1.2 degrees out of square.
Re-squaring these things takes a lot of specialized work.
What I will end up doing is taking those parts, opening them up on the mill, and then making a special insert that is right on dead center, and make sure that the setting marker is also dead on center.
When I am done with it, it will look [as much as possible] like it is on the showroom floor.
PVC is more brittle than ABS, that's why you see so many PVC potato launchers shattering into splinters. ABS is more elastic - that's what I would use if I were making a rocket motor out of plastic tube.
Interesting idea... I've never seen a motor made from ABS. It may be a bit less brittle but I do believe it is significantly weaker. You've given me a good idea for a video though... A comparison.
I do lots of firework shows for cities on the 4th. We use HDPE.
ruclips.net/video/WITSFAC69OE/видео.html
Needed a ALU case. Thanks for sharing
Has anyone tried using either honey or molasses instead of corn syrup? How about putting corn starch into the mixture? That may keep the grain from getting too hard and cracking. One could also try stirring in some coconut oil to keep it soft. And rubbing the pouring core rod with a wax of some kind or mold release agent would be better than WD-40. Or wrap it with a long piece of waxed paper.
YES !!! We have used Honey, Molasses & Brown Rice Syrup. They work! Here is a link to the playlist:
ruclips.net/p/PLdExiIqOZ0llJQ42u5XqHqHTp8298Ze5z
Not sure what the benefit of corn starch would be. It would not help with the combustion process... Pretty much just a contaminate in the fuel that would take up space where other beneficial ingredients should be.
Coconut oil is an interesting idea but never seen it used. Maybe it's got some possibility.
The rod was really not as stuck as I originally thought. It was really just the small bit of fuel that had hardened around the rounded end. Other than that, the spray oil seems to have worked very well. Certainly a mold release product would work well too but WD40 is cheap and simple.
that things gonna have allot of juice when you fine tune it.
For anyone watching this and are thinking of making something similar, please do not follow this video as a guide.
PVC rocket motors are incredibly unsafe and should not be made. Deadly high-speed shrapnel can be seen in this very video, and is why motors like these are banned from all TRA launches.
"10-10.2 Non-metallic cases shall not be made of brittle materials which may rupture into sharp shards, such as PVC. "
There are many other channels and videos out there that show and respect proper safety code. Hell, there's even commercial options out there who make and sell everything you need for propellant research that comply with TRA safety code.
There is no excuse for making literal pipe bombs like shown in this video besides valuing a few extra dollars in your pocket over your own life.
I’m a new TRA member. Can you guide me to some good information.
I know the best method is to find an experienced mentor, I just have not found one local enough to make the situation work.
@@hughobrien4139 I'd start on Richard Nakka's site. He has an insane amount of good info there.
BPS Space has made a bunch of videos in the past year that go over fundamentals and testing methodology.
Charlie Garcia is another good one, has made a few videos on solid rocket motor design and simulation.
Rocketry communities like r/rocketry reddit and discord are other good places to find answers / ask questions and learn from others.
I'd really recommend you find a mentor if you want to go beyond research and start manufacturing anything.
Really easy for this stuff to go sideways very quickly (ask me how I know). Good to have a mentor there to oversee and make sure nothing catastrophic happens.
Riley gives some good info there. And don't be shy to ask questions on RUclips channels that are doing similar things to what you want to do. I have found amateur rocketeers online to be friendly and helpful.
I will tell you this... TRA does not allow PVC case motors and although they do allow sugar fuels, they do not allow the type of sugar fuel that we are making on our channel.
A few comments... First off, I am not a TRA member and not launching at their events so I am free to make whatever I wish. Sometimes it's not about following the rules of others, for us, it's about the fun of experimentation.
As for the "deadly shrapnel"... Well, I guess that depends on how close you are. People who develop and test grenades are probably not dumb enough to stand next to it when testing a new design. We are ALWAYS a safe distance away when testing or even when launching a proven design.
We have a few PVC motor designs that we launch regularly and they work great every time. PVC is safe when the motor is designed and built properly, that has been proven my many people much smarter than myself.
As for following this video as a guide... Well, the explosion at the end should really be a clue that maybe you shouldn't follow what I did unless you are looking for the same results.
@@rotaryrocketry Experimentation is fine. The issue I had with your video is that after your motor failed and the failure mode was clearly overpressurization, your solution was not to replace your casing with something with a larger safety factor or implement some change to significantly reduce chamber pressure like massively widening up the nozzle throat, but rather to discuss how in the future you would manufacture your fuel differently so it will likely burn slower.
If your case's safety factor is already so close to 1 that a slight variation in propellant production and thus chamber pressure would cause such a catastrophic and dangerous failure, then there's already a fundamental design flaw here. The fact you are not addressing it makes me very concerned about your attitude towards safety, hence why I harped on it in my comment.
Coupling this with the rest of the video that lays out step by step how to make this motor, this comes off as a very dangerous how to guide and not a summary video showing off your experimentation.
I'm glad you are keeping a safe distance from these motors when they fire, I just wish this safety culture was emphasized more in your video and in your design process.
PVC can be done safely yes, especially when using very low pressure designs with smaller quantities of fuel and massive stand-off distances.
Considering others in the comments of this video and your other videos showcasing PVC motors seem to view your content as guides or at the very least research material for making and testing their own rocket motors, I think you should take a more active and vocal stance about the inherent safety concerns present with PVC rocket motors and why they are banned by rocketry orgs like TRA, and lay out how you are keeping yourself safe while testing them.
Or, you could simply switch to a casing material that isn't an inherent safety risk, is TRA compliant, is reusable, and can easily withstand the pressures you're working with, like aluminum.
As a side note, I would highly recommend you move away from casting directly into your motor casing and making one monolithic grain, and instead move to a multi-grain design. Your going to get a very progressive burn curve with a single monolithic grain, as well as a much higher peak pressure.
I sure hope this doesn’t damage amateur rocketry. How do you launch high power rockets made with PVC cases where NAR and TRA don’t allow them?
You don't launch them at NAR and TRA events. I am not a member of either of those organizations so no problem there.
So do you get FAA clearance independently?
@@hikerbiker32 Anyone can apply for clearance... It's just a simple form. The place were I launch has an established flight ceiling due to a local group that launches there each month and I have never launched anything that comes even close to the max ceiling.
@@rotaryrocketrythe ceiling isnt the only part… it’s the high power motors that are also regulated. And the fact that the club flies there and has a filed waiver in place doesnt mean that you can just fly there on your own without a waiver.
@rotaryrocketry Just because a NAR or TRA group has a waiver and the landowner permission, doesn't mean mean you can launch there. You also have to apply to the FAA with that simple form, follow the waiver instructions and get the land owner's permission, even if on a BLM dry lake bed.
Any advantage to using sched 80 ???
Good question... 80 is obviously thicker so "should" be a bit stronger but that would also add to the weight. I was following Dan's instructions and he was using Sch 40 for this motor so in theory... It should work.
The scale 0.1 is more precise not more accurate than a 1.0 scale.
A 5 shot group at .1 inches is precise, but if it is at the 1 ring then. it is not accurate.
fascinating but unfortunately once I noticed the music it became unwatchable. I wonder why we all feel the need to add music.
I'm not so sure the motor would have exploded if it was in a rocket. I think your testing set-up was a major contributor, if not the whole reason the PVC failed.
Here's how to see what I'm talking about:
Set your video at 1080p resolution.
Stop the video at the first frame of the explosion (about 1:14:40)
Reverse the video two times (two frames before the explosion). Let's call it Boom-2.
(on RUclips reversing by frame is the key that has a comma (,) and a less than symbol ().
Cycle back and forth between Boom-1 and Boom-2 repeatedly.
You'll see that the top of the motor compressed itself downward by about 3/16ths of an inch before failure. The metal bench, where you clamped-in the motor, was driven down about 1/8 inch. These are just approximations, of course.
The motor was driving its nose against the bench until the bench couldn't give anymore. The thrust was so powerful the PVC compressed itself downward until it failed. That corner-leg of the bench was stuck in the ground after the explosion.
I think if the motor was in a rocket, with no immovable force against its nose, it may have survived. The PVC wouldn't have linearly compressed itself to failure.
That's my theory. Your thoughts?
Interesting theory. My thoughts...
1. Testing motors in this way is very common, especially when trying to get a thrust curve.
2. I pulled up my original footage and reviewed it frame by frame in full screen. I see that one frame before the explosion it does look like both the motor and the test stand are pushed down about an 1/8 of an inch (just an estimate). That would not be too surprising based on that amount of thrust because we are on a dry lake bed and the legs of the test stand often get pushed into the soft surface.
I guess I would have to say that my opinion is that the motor did not "compress itself into failure" but I see where it is an interesting idea that may have merit.
So one good thing about your comment is that I had no idea you could more forward and backward frame-by-frame on RUclips until now!
@@rotaryrocketry Hey, at least you learned something about RUclips. LOL.
If you look closely, it appears the top of the motor moves slightly more than the middle or bottom moves. That means it was compressed - or they would have moved the same amount.
Yes, of course, it's the way rocket motors are normally tested. But with PVC, being so brittle, I don't think it's the best way to test it. I really think the PVC was compressed against the bench.
Think of a section of PVC in a hydaulic press. Pressurize the inside volume of the PVC almost to the point of failure (simulating the fuel burning). Now start the press applying linear force, and it will fail quickly.
I still think it wouldn't have failed if it was in a rocket with no immovable force on its nose.
But, even if I'm wrong, it's still fun to theorize.
Ya know... I gave this some more thought and I'm really seeing what you mean. Unfortunately, I would have to design a very specific testing stand to hold it a different way... Kinda like it would be held in a rocket with the threaded inserts in the nozzle. Gonna have to give that some more thought.
@@rotaryrocketry Here's a quick and cheap testing apparatus. Use a section of 3 inch PVC pipe an inch longer than the motor. I guess that's about 36 inches. Put that through your metal table. It could rest on a scale if you want to get thrust measurements. Drop your 2 inch motor into the "missile silo". Connect the motor to the silo using the threaded inserts at the top of the assembly. Now the nose of the motor is floating an inch above the bottom shelf of the table and is applying force through the bolts at the nozzle position rather than smashing its nose into the table.
Keep in mind, the down-force at the nozzle-bolts will be much greater than the motor would experience in a real rocket flight. But at least the PVC body isn't compressing itself linearly while the pressures inside are high.
The downside is you can't see the motor body during the test. The only way you could see it would be to replace the PVC "missile silo" with a strong frame, or cage. Or, if the silo was transparent...do they make clear, strong 3 inch piping material you could use instead of PVC? Might be worth checking.
I'd be interested to see what happens to the 3 inch PVC silo if the motor goes boom. At least it won't cost much to replace it if it gets blown up too.
Just my initial ideas - maybe they will help you create something that works.
@@thisisreallife5086 The answer to observing the motor casing during testing is to use a strong mesh cage around & supporting it.
Also I think you're on to something about the motor mounts, I suspect that a "strongback" frame connecting the nozzle mounts with the forward bulkhead mount would change the scenario that played out.
Wrap the case with carbon fiber 🙃
dang. Is this close to an L motor? I have a few L motors at home that i need to use for my level 2stuff and my L 3 coming up haha
I don't actually have any thrust data for this motor. Dan has it rated as K500 so I'm guessing he measured the thrust curve at some point to rate the motor.
@@rotaryrocketry next question, should I cook this inside or outside? I live in an apartment and all I have is a stove top so I'm wondering if I should buy a small element and see if I can cook it outside
Really recommend outside. It puts off some fumes but I am not aware that the fumes are harmful. But overall, a good idea to cook sugar fuel outside. An "accidental" ignition of the fuel would be very dangerous in the home. Even if you have a fire extinguisher, there is an interesting problem here... The fuel contains it's own oxygen supply so even spraying it with a fire extinguisher will not extinguish the flames. Please don't burn down your apartment building :)
I would also like to point out that I would not recommend you make this motor by following this video as a tutorial. As you saw at the end... It did not end well. I really need to figure out exactly what went wrong and how to fix it before anyone should attempt this build. I do think it was the fuel cook temperature but that really needs to be proven.
@@rotaryrocketry outside it is 🙂 I'll do it at my dad's place where we have plenty of room on the driveway
There is just no way PVC is the right material for the main tube. The inside of a rocket motor gets hot. Plastic melts.
PVC can be used for motors... That's been proven. And I will point out that I was following instructions for a proven design that Dan Pollino has launched many many times. The PVC does not see the heat until the last moment when the fuel is fully consumed. The fuel is a single pour so only the core hole is burning.
@@rotaryrocketry Yes, it can be used but does that mean it should? Yes, Dan had made motors with them, I've made 4" N-impulse with it but the alternative materials are superior.
PVC is a bad idea and violates the NFPA.
Was not aware that the NFPA was involved with amateur rocketry. PVC motors can be made safely. That has been proven by myself as well as many other amateur rocketeers. Granted... This one did not go according to plan... But that's why we experiment. It's also why we take the appropriate safety precautions when testing things like this.
@@rotaryrocketry Dug into NFPA 1125 section 7.4. Turns out it's not prohibited there. Oops. Sorry for the FUD.
Your honesty is appreciated. I do realize that PVC casings are prohibited at TRA and NAR events and I have mentioned that before in some of my other motor build vids.
@@rotaryrocketry their are other reasons it should not be used:
What happens if PVC burns?
PVC Health Hazards - InterNACHI®
The following two products of PVC combustion are of particular concern: hydrogen chloride, which is a corrosive, highly toxic gas that can burn skin and cause severe, permanent respiratory damage; and. dioxin, the most dangerous known man-made carcinogen, which will persist in the environment for a long period of time.
this is horribly unsafe, pvc is brittle by nature and fragments very easily under pressure making any motors with pvc is concerning at best
PVC motors can be safe if designed and build properly. I have two smaller designs that we launch regularly and they work great every time. Granted, this one was a bust but that's why we experiment and that's why we take appropriate safety precautions when testing.
@@rotaryrocketry you should adress the unsafness of this because some people took it as a tutorial
@@justanother3dumbassesPoint taken I will discuss the potential dangers in the followup video.
@@rotaryrocketry thanks man , im not trashing on ya for just using pvc, im just tryna make sure people dont get hurt trying to replicate this video
For those safety Karen’s out there, if you don’t think you can do it safely, maybe knitting is more your speed.
Guys melted ~4Lbs of solid rocket fuel in their garage/shop. Nice.
IF WEASELS WERE AROUND ROBERT GODDARD HE WOULD HAVE NEVER SUCCEEDED.
It would make a hell of a fire if it lit.
Awesome interview with Dan. He too was an inspiration to me in my early years developing sugar motors in my garage with my children and getting them involved. Just this past week, I have gone on to achieve level 2 certification here in NZ and am working on a lvl3 attempt. Rotary Rockets is kinda picking up from where Dan left off, keep up the great work boys!
Reminds me when I tried making this type of rocket fuel when I was a teenager many years ago. I heated a smaller amount than you did on a metal pan in a hot plate. I poured the heated fuel fron the pan and a little bit ran down the lip after pouring. I set it back down on the hot plate which ignited it like a fuse. It burned up the side of the pan and into the pan and set off everything in the pan. Fortunately I did this outside! Heat and rocket fuel should be done outside.!
That is a common accident with people making 'sugar' motors and one of many cautionary things I mention to people I teach making sugar propellant...don't do it inside the garage or house (do it outside) and be aware of the dribble down the outside of the pan that will act like a fast burning fuse back into the melting pot.
I've made a habit of NOT putting the pan back onto the cooktop. I place a piece of MDF on the table next to the cooktop so when I need to put the pan down, I can put it safely onto the MDF. I've never had the cooktop ignite my fuel but certainly don't want to push my luck with that. The new cooking wok I've been using for the last two really big motors is nice because the heating element is built onto the bottom with a metal lip around the element. You would have to make some kind of horrific, disastrous mess to get any fuel onto that heating element.
Rockets are really cool and model rockets are even cooler. It wasn't that long ago when rockets were just a fantasy. Today we can build them and actually fly them. Plus the educational factors that come with it. Math, science, and engineering, so important in today's world but add common sense problem solving like you did with drilling a simple hole in your fuel coring rod and then putting a socket. You had a ticking clock and solved it on the fly. This is fun food for the brain. Much better than watching cartoons.
You might add a final step by fiber-glassing the outside. wrap in a couple layers of glass cloth around the length of the motor and set it with laminating resin. I believe the glass will provide like 440ksi of added strength whereas pvc is under 15ksi.
you did great all your effort well appreciated
Kudos to you and very many others on RUclips for taking all the time and effort to produce these very informative videos. I do a lot of stuff myself, but the idea of documenting what I know and do (like a million other people, I'm sure) is just too daunting. I don't know how you all have the energy. This is like the new age of having an apprentice, except that now you all have thousands (except that they don't help out, ha ha.)
What's this scary dangerous explosion everyone's talkin about? All I saw was a "Rapid Unscheduled Disassembly" ! 😂
If you have any air pockets in your fuel, the motor will fail 💥.
Interesting, I fly plsnes & can't afford another hobby, but it sure looks worth the effort.
I said to myself after the 1st 1/2 inch hole was drilled, boy did he get lucky. The 2nd hole met expectation. Yep, even in wood the large drill will grab and tear without incremental increases.
To the few comments regarding safety,, no rocket motor should ever be thought of as completely benign. They all need to be treated pretty much like a gun, ie with safe practices. However, without trial nothing is ever learned and those that treat every rocket motor like the gun are the ones that we can say have learned.
He makes a tutorial showing how to make the motor, but doesn't bother to read the tube. The tube clearly has "NOT FOR PRESSURE" written down the side. This was an inevitable outcome. The safe practices are using proper casing materials, such as aluminium.
@@BrainiacManiac142 Well, suit yourself and don't use PVC to make a rocket motor by assuming the material can't handle any pressure at all. I on the other hand think that the material has a limit & if you don't exceed the limit the material can be utilized. I say this because I've seen PVC tubing used for firework mortars which obviously are momentarily pressurized in order to send the shell 800 feet in the air. I also have seen the shells made of short pieces of PVC blow off their glued on endcaps rather than shatter when the fuse ignites the blackpowder found within the shell.
@@migalito1955 there are types of PVC that can take pressure. This is not one of them. It’s why it has “NOT FOR PRESSURE” printers down the side. If the limit is exceeded, the PVC fractures, sending large sharp fragments at high speed. This is in stark contrast to a properly engineered aluminium motor, where the rear closure is designed to break first, to release the pressure. By willingly taking these risks, you endanger yourself and those around you.
I use a hot plate "Nuwave" because I can set the temp, and it wil be accurate to within 10 degrees, then I use a submersible thermometer that has an alarm on it. Thanks for the video.
Hint, hint, when handling R-Candy Fuel always wear latex free gloves or moisture from your hands will increase moisture content in the fuel. Even though it's nontoxic always wear gloves. If you use a dehumidifier to reduce relative humidity to at least 35-40% in a sealed room with ventilation during the build the overall humidity in your fuel will be less for longer burn motors. For longer burn lower impulse motors use sucrose or glucose sugar and sodium nitrate not powdered sugar because it has impurities, it burns cooler too.❤
That's the thing about building rocket motors- even for major manufacturers: Until you start it, you don't really know if you have made a rocket motor or a b o m b!
That's why we do what we do... Keep modifying and testing until it doesn't blow up. Then you have a motor.
There are glass thermometers on brass backing specially made for sweetmakers to get precision temperatures with heated sugar. Search local cookware shops (or online!) for cooking thermometer or sugar thermometer. Yes sugar gets harder if it' been heated to higher temperatures, too high and it loses any elasticity and becomes brittle (Then the core cracks and it cato's!). Near me cooking thermometers vary from £5 to £25, which is less than you spent on a banger!
Good job, thumbs up!
The step bit would work the best for making those holes in the PVC pipe. I'd expect that a forstner bit would be horrible. What I usually do is just put a cutting disc into a Dremel tool and cut grooves into the wall. This has worked well for smaller diameter pipes (~1" or less).
FYI, Rockite is 98% plaster of paris and 2% portland cement; this will be stated in the SDS for Rockite. It's really overpriced for what it is.
PVC pipe is pretty brittle when it's cold; I had similar catastrophic failures trying to launch them in winter vs. the same design used in summer.
I remember making this same motor a long time ago with the same result. then I switched over to KNSB and have found it easier to work with and easier to build consistently.
Did you ever try KNSB in Dan's K500 motor?
@@rotaryrocketry I did not though due to it’s consistency in making and it’s lower burn coefficient I think it would be much easier to make work.
It was too much of a pain to build that whole motor so I just started using commercial casings.
For more details of temperature and hardness, check out any candy making site. I’m guessing that the ideal temperature would what’s called ‘soft ball’. You reached hard ball. If you really want temperature control, why not put a simple thermistor into the base of the heater and control it that way. Great video, even if the end result was a CATO. I’m surprised that the engine is ignited at the end of the core, most igniters seem to be placed at the nozzle.
I'm familiar with the candy stages and based on Dan's instructions, it would seem that I need to actually be slightly below soft ball. I definitely got higher than that - No doubt about it. Problem is, candy makers don't tell you how the different candy stages will burn... I guess people who make candy don't really care about what the product does when you set it on fire... weird :)
I "could" do the thermistor thing... By that, I mean it's within my realm of knowledge... But probably more hassle than it's worth. Next time I'll cook slower and stop at 200F. I really think that in this situation, under-cooked fuel will be better than over-cooked fuel.
As far as ignition location... Sugar motors are "always" ignited from the top end. I say "always" because I suppose there may be some small exception to that rule but basically, that's how sugar motors work. If you ignite them from the nozzle end, they would build up pressure way to slowly for a good liftoff.
@@rotaryrocketry use a double boiler like a candy maker. It will never get above 212. You can also use an oil bath to get more controlled temperatures.
Yeah, that's been mentioned... Except the oil thing is an interesting idea. I think implementing my current changes for fuel making "should" provide the lower temperature I'm after but the double boiler idea is always a backup plan.
Yeah, I couldn't figure that out either, the ignitor being at the top end of the grain instead of at the nozzle! No wonder the darn thing blew up like that! Back in the 90s, my pre-teen niece and nephew in Oregon were visiting, and I got some chemicals and we made a couple of candy rocket engines and lit them off in the back yard, they were totally stoked and thought that I was absolutely the coolest uncle in the whole world! My sis was happy that I was continuing their education over their winter break!
For solid propellant end burners without a core (like most of the Estes motors) are ignited with the igniter stuck part way up the nozzle. With solid propellant motors that have cores, the igniter is still usually put up the nozzle but then continues through the core to the top of the motor. That way, when the igniter lights the propellant, the flame travels down the core quickly igniting the entire length of the motor providing the needed thrust for liftoff.
By incorporating the igniter in the top of the motor as shown in this video is a practice more dangerous than it needs to be. Think of a stick of dynamite that you carry around with the blasting cap inserted. Igniters are USUALLY placed in the motor at the launch pad!
Obviously this man lives in space so theren no NFPA
30 years ago I burnt a big hole in the kitchen linoleum of my new bride and my first home trying to make sugar rocket fuel lol.
ooooo.... I do think I told the viewers NOT to make rocket fuel in the house. These things happen :)
I married my wife when I was only 19 and thought I knew it all, were you in 1993! I definitely needed adult supervision. Still married to the same perfect woman but I could still use some adult supervision at times.
@@rotaryrocketry it should NOT be made in the house or garage or shop
These things don't happen if working safely, I've made 'sugar' propellant for over 40 years, some motors containing hundreds of pounds of propellant without incident.
it's possible that there were air bubbles or cavities in the fuel grain that increased the burning area.
When I looked down the core hole, the surface was perfect. Of course there may have been concealed bubbles but I really don't think so... I really think it was just cooked too hot.
@@rotaryrocketry We poured propellant into long case bonded motors (as long as 7 feet long). As you pour in the propellant some runs down the case and mandrel and gets cool and can form voids and air pockets as additional propellant runs over it. That is often easy to see when you pull the mandrel. If pouring first and then inserting the mandrel into the still-pliable propellant, when you then pull the mandrel that often makes it look like you have no voids.
Since you are using corn syrup for fuel, that can be as much as 25% water so either the longer it cooks at low temp or short time at high temp drives off more water making the resultant propellant harder.
The fact that you had an initial good burn followed by a CATO showed me several possibilities:
Bubbles or voids when the burn reached them
Debonding from the motor case
Nozzle throat is not sized correctly sizes for the progressive burn
Hard processed with possible cracking under pressure
etc
I know for a fact the fuel was cooked to WAY too high of a temp on the first attempt (this video). Pretty sure I hit 230F when I was supposed to only get to 210F. The fuel was noticeably hard when I had to chip away at the top to make the fuel surface flat. In the next video/attempt, the finished fuel was clearly soft & pliable after reaching between 200 and 205F. In fact, it was more pliable than any sugar fuel I have ever made. That seems to meet the description of the fuel in Dan's instructions. I still have more testing to do before a launch with this thing but any test that doesn't result in an explosion is a success in my book.
Ok, I've now seen the entire video & the test firing.
If your spot on regarding burn rate & temperture reached during fuel processing perhaps after the fuel becomes warm enough to have the consistency of a thick batter you switch the mixture to a Double Boiler where the temperture can not exceed 212 degrees F and can be left in the double boiler as long as desired under being heated.
Under this scheme it would be impossible to exceed 212 which is darn close to 210.
Good luck.....
That is a really good idea for preventing excessive heating... I had not considered that because most of the time we cook our sugar fuel to 230F. This was the first motor I've built that called for a lower temperature of 210F.
HAD "ME!" as a first timer with "big rocket", subscribed! and Liked! how did I miss this? THANKS!
It would be interesting to find out if the temp or mounting was the issue. Anyway, an enjoyment to watch video. Thanks for all the hard work producing a video of this quality.
Yeah PVC is weak , I used to use 1cm thick cardboard cylinder about 25cm length 5" diameter,thick boy ,they went hard with a huge shower of sparks coming out ,it was outta sight ,lost it and no footage 😭😅
Are you sure your "tablespoon" measure is actually a tablespoon? It seems large but the camera might be playing tricks. A tablespoon is 15ml and a teaspoon is 5ml. There are some weird measures that have 2 TBSP size for instance. Or non-standard acronyms.
Looks like an interesting video. However, I could only watch a few minutes of it due to the dam awful and distracting music. There's no need for it as it detracts the quality of your dialogue and instructional steps
Sorry... I try to make it very subtle but maybe I missed the mark a bit on that one.
Reusable rocket motor with stainless of black pipe seems heavy but aluminum would like to see the weight difference
you can drill faster if you use coolant to cool down the drill-bit as well as the quickly melting plastic.,
just a warning : rocket fuel will explode from concussion (I know I have parts missing from my left hand) so hitting screw driver is not recommended🤕 also measure the wok temperature as well as the fuel mix!
Yeah my friend don't strike the mix only press it slowly, shit bad accident hope your well today though
I say just mix the fuel in powder form and pound it in there with a ram then drill out the center bore. then the cooking process is bypassed entirely.
Well, that is one type of rocket fuel but not the type this motor was designed for.
One would think that to do anything more than watch others when dealing with chemicals and using them to get a violent reaction for the energy it creates, that one would find out the dos and donts and safety procedures before beginning. Many people make slam fire shotguns and there are definitely safety concerns when doing that such as using seamless pipe for the barrel. He used schedule 40 pvc and apparently others before him have done the same with success but I agree with you in that i would have used schedule 80.
Not sure if Sch 80 would have contained that force... Maybe. But you are correct, I was following instructions so I didn't want to deviate very far from the plans.
You have the same kind of radial arm saw as I have!
Way cool! (~_^)-b
When a PVC motor explodes the PVC turns into shards of shrapnel that enter the body and cannot be detected with typical metal detection means. I explored joining a couple of the large rocketry clubs and was sternly warned away from using PVC.
I am very aware of the dangers and hazards of PVC motors. Neither NAR or Tripoli allow them and that is their choice.
This is a classic case of "Two things being true at once."
PVC is indeed inferior to cardboard for most motor or pyrotechnic applications.
Well wound, tight, high pressure cardboard for motors and pyrotechnic use can and do exceed Sched. 40 PVC pressure ratings, peak & sustained by miles. And they don't shatter/fragment if they do fail.
That is just normally irrelevant because you can't use cardboard tubes for plumbing applications. Even in light duty residential plumbing, you'll notice that PVC is used as unpressurized drain pipes, and rarely, if ever, as pressurized supply pipe.
But, its also irrelevant in single use high power rocketry motors, as the proper cardboard tubing in the sizes and lengths needed is hard to get, doesn't even exist, or if it does, it's expensive.
PVC, despite being extremely mechanically inferior, is cheaper and readily available in multiple sizes, and with useful adapters & fittings, because it enjoys massive economy of scale. The basic US plumbing market is thousands of times larger than HPR or pyrotechnics.
So, the surface area of: "PVC IS DANGEROUS!" Is kind of a: "Yes vs. Yes*, but..." sort of thing.
Yes, PVC is dangerous, especially with a basic Sucrose/KNO3 mix, because anyone who's ignorant of the details, procedures, best-practices, basic & advanced rocketry safety, or a willfully stupid person who ignores them... it's indeed dangerous as hell. And the ignorant, or the deliberate idiot... they can get 98% of everything needed from a big box hardware store & a supermarket.
Or...
Yes* but..., PVC (& Sucrose/KNO3) is dangerous, but a lot of things are dangerous, but arguably "worth doing." Scuba diving, skydiving, race car driving & drag racing... all sorts of things, that with knowledge and practice, you can get an acceptable risk/reward ratio.
The issue is that in this video, he understands and follows all other possible precautions, that makes a Sucrose/KNO3 motor failure merely a disappointment. He has a remote launch/ignition system, and gets several hundred yards away, and went through the effort to travel to a large dry lake bed somewhere in the SW US. The flipside is the jackass that ignores everything but the most basic mechanics of the process outlined, and does it in the backyard of his inner-suburb house on 1/4 acre lots, and doesn't even try a test stand firing, but instead sticks a big broomstick on it like an enormous stick-dragger bottle rocket.
There is a REASON, more than one actually, you can't fly a PVC cased Sucrose/KNO3 engine at any sanctioned event by the various HPR organizations.
Sucrose + oxidizer has a very steep & exponential pressure/combustion curve that's very "touchy." And there's many variables besides the mixing/melting heat, and the solid fuel hardness.
Further, the chemistry of producing "rocket sugar" it is very imprecise. And most people don't consider if there's any chemistry involved at all.
Pyrolysis in the heating & melting produces caramelan & related molecules, plus the volatile things like diacetyl, maltol, and others are in the mix, and have unknown or different combustion rates with the KNO3. And even if the target temperature of the entire blob or "dough" is constantly measured to stay well below the auto-ignition point, and the caramelization point of Sucrose, SOME of the Sucrose will caramelize/pyrolyze in small but unknown amounts, because even if the target temp overall is 210° F, the heating surface needs to be much higher than that to get the mix to 210°F and keep it there.
And Sucrose/KNO3 is also very sensitive to the core combustion surface area & diameter, nozzle opening,
But, at the same time, there's a REASON why people like this channel's owner are trying PVC & Sucrose/KNO3 despite the enormous downsides. Namely, because HPR is damn expensive, and they can try to compensate for a significantly inferior fuel/oxidizer & casing material with skill, testing/experiments, knowledge, & exacting safety procedures.
WOW... I don't have anything more to add to that.
that dude is rippeed.. envious
Well, I'm guess you are referring to my assistant and not me... I will pass this along to him, he'll enjoy the compliment.
Too bad comments are turned off on your how to get potassium nitrate video. I've been using Seed Ranch for years, but since you took the time to post these videos I used your link this time, so hopefully you get the credit.
Back in the day I got the stuff, and other landscaping/farming chemicals, for $15/50lb from the farming chemical supply, just fill up the back of my truck with bags and bags of everything.. Those days are gone as far as I know.
Little story about the Potassium Nitrate video you're referring to... A few months after I posted that video, I went to log into my affiliate account with Seed Ranch and the account was gone. I tried to contact them and they didn't respond. I tried to setup a new affiliate account and never got an approval email. I don't know what's wrong with their system but I got fed up with it and I "thought" I had set that video to Unlisted. It seems that maybe I forgot to save the settings after changing it to Unlisted because I just checked and it was still set to "Public". Well, I appreciate you trying to help out by using our affiliate link but honestly, I does nothing at this point. Oh, and I had disabled comments on that video because I didn't want people to complain that the video sounded like a commercial :)
Pseudo-classy hotel bar/lounge music background, love it! (Seriously!)
Yeah, I thought it was pretty nice. A few people have commented that it was distracting though. Oh well, I like it anyways.
I don't know anything about making rocket engines. That being said, I have a question about the process. Would a thin coat of anchoring cement on the inside of your PVC rocket body help with insulating the plastic from the fuel? You could "wash" the inside with a thin solution of the cement, then let it dry, giving you a fireproof lining to your rocket body. Maybe you already tried this and i didn't see it? Just a thought from someone that knows nothing about your hobby. Thanks for the great video!!!!!
That's an interesting idea... However... In this motor design, the PVC should not see the heat until the last moment when the fuel is fully consumed. You see, the fuel is ignited at the inside core hole and then burns outward so the fuel itself is protecting the PVC from coming in contact with the fire and heat.
Your "cement wash" idea is really interesting though. In other motor designs where there are gaps between fuel cells, it would be an interesting to see if that thin layer of cement would offer any protection.
This may have been mentioned before, but I would you a candy thermometer to measure your mixture. You can get a better indication of the temperature within the fuel.
It has been mentioned... But still not a bad idea.
I like the way you explain, but please!!!! please!!! invest in a microphone!
If you use schedule 40 pipe, it's grey in color, and you can buy it in different sizes. It can handle more pressure and less flammable. It's used throughout the electrical field. I personally use it to launch 5 inch fireworks mortar rounds out of and never blew apart on me, I've never over worked them. Just need to use your head
I did use schedule 40 pvc. I'm not aware of a strength difference between white plumbing pvc and grey electrical pvc. Just that the grey one is more u.v. resistant.
All that work and it blew up!
Yeah, but have a look at the next video... Things got better.
ruclips.net/video/rlsz9gBh5tc/видео.html
If your trying to get to 210F, why not use a double boiler system? water boils at 212F and IF you need it get it to a higher temp you can add slat (or other substances) to raise the boiling point in a controlled means.
Yup, it's been mentioned a few times. That's definitely a backup plan. I really would like to get it working using the wok because that is how Dan was doing it when he was building these.
How is it that the core rod was significantly above the target depth? Did the rod expand in length? Any chance the core had defects at the nozzle end? The tool you made could have been used to seat the rod? A question not a statement. Very interesting!
So you noticed that huh... I wasn't sure if I should have discussed that issue in the video but I decided not to. So what happens is that the PVC pipe actually shrinks in length when it gets hot from the fuel. The fuel temperature is WAY above the rated temperature for the PVC. I've seen that happen before with a smaller motor that was only about 18 inches long so I was not surprised to see it happen with this one. The rod was actually fully inserted into the nozzle as it was supposed to be.
Does your wife know you are using her kitchen oven to make rocket components? If so, how do you get away with that?
@@MrJonbot81 lol... I do most of the cooking anyways! And she doesn't really ask questions when it comes to rocketry stuff.
You didn't mention the potential of rabid swarms of spider monkeys interfering with the process.
So disappointing.😅
It does seem a pity I missed that... How could I have been so blind :\
Fuel Baking: MEATER Plus wireless cook thermometer, with Smart Phone app.
I looked it up... Very nice... But a bit expensive.
you gotta remember that once your pan gets to your desired temp... it will continue to rise for a little bit. so if 210 is the goal. stop it around 200.
Yeah, that's part of the plan for the next attempt.
Why you dont put red ironoxide in to it like 1~2% by weight?
Well, I need to get it working and not exploding before making adjustments to the fuel.
The step bit you had at the beginning should have worked for your 1/2" holes in the pvc. It cuts in a similar method as the forstner bit and will cut thin materials without grabbing.
Yeah, it's a tablespoon. Problem with measuring anchoring cement with measuring cup is you don't know how hard it is compressed so you'll never get the same exact quantity each time. I typically just add water a bit at a time until I like the consistency.
In hind sight, that's a good idea. But for some reason it never occurred to me to use the step drill for that part. Live and learn.
on top igniter also contributes in higher pressure burn rate..
Would using schedule 80 PVC pipe make a difference? My understanding is that it has double the pressure capacity of the schedule 40...
No doubt it would be stronger but two issues with that...
1. Smaller ID changes the overall performance of the motor.
2. I'm following proven design instructions so I would like to get the motor working as it is designed.
@@rotaryrocketry "Proven design instructions" work only if followed exactly. Probably the reason after making 'sugar' motors for over 40 years and up to 12" diameter, I haven't done a 'How To' video or book. Too many small variables that the inexperienced aren't aware of including yourself.
Also, if you truly know what's going on you would be able to adjust the nozzle throat size to give the performance you are looking for. Yes, this is rocket science but no, we aren't launching satellites in orbit using 'sugar' propellant so the 'performance issue is moot.
Don't use powdered sugar, it isn't pure sugar, there's anti caking substance in it.
I realize there's a small amount of corn starch in there but it's typically around 3 to 5 percent. No really enough to worry about and saves me the time of grinding sugar into a fine powder. I have a future project coming up though where I don't want any impurities and then I will be grinding my own powdered sugar.
I've never seen Sched 40 pipe burst. That was very sobering.
Instead of a wok you might use a cast iron pan on top of an induction cooktop. Some of them have fairly precise temperature control...which is the beauty of using induction cooktops.
Yeah, that PVC is something spectacular when it blows. Induction cooktop is certainly a good idea but I was really trying to follow Dan's instructions as close as possible and that's why I got the wok.
An inexpensive sugar PVC motor destroying an expensive carbon fiber rocket...
ruclips.net/video/jjZ8yCiFrfQ/видео.html
Absolutely LOVED the video. You just got a new subscriber. Do you by any chance have a .eng file for that motor that I can use in OpenRocket?
Welcome to the channel :) I made a .eng file so I could place this motor in a rocket design but the file does not contain any thrust data. It's only for size and weight. If you want that info, I would be happy to share but if you are looking for thrust data, I don't have it.
@@rotaryrocketry Yes please send me what you have.
It's a fine line between a rocket motor and a pipe bomb.
Yup... The tricky part is to end up with a motor not a bomb.
Good lord do not use PVC in any explosive device, for two very important reasons:
1. PVC has very close to the same density as human flesh, so it doesn't show up on x-rays when embedded inside flesh.
2. And when it explodes, it does so in many sharp shrapnel pieces.
If you enjoy a doctor rooting around inside of you with a sharp tool to hunt for every last piece of sharp PVC shrapnel that is invisible to an xray, than by all means build your rocket motors out of PVC pipe. This is suppose to be common knowledge, why nobody uses PVC pipe in rocket motor construction.
Not looking to open up a huge can of worms here but... PVC motors can be built, tested and flow safely. There are many more people than me that have proven that. I have two very nice PVC motors that have been working wonderfully. And the motor design in this video is a proven design that has been flown many times. This motor was even used on a national TV show similar to Myth Busters. And I was able to prove myself that the design does work in the follow-up video to this one.
I understand and respect the fact that some people do not wish to use PVC for rocket motors... That's your choice.
I've heard this said numerous times. A few years ago when I needed an x-ray of my leg, I took a very small piece of pvc about the size of my little fingernail and placed it under my calf muscle. It showed up clear as day. We've had aluminum motor cases explode and send as many as 15 sharp-edged fragments farther because of their higher mass than PVC fragments fly. I normally don't use PVC because of all the time and expense involved in making a 'single-use' motor.
Any motor/propellant can be dangerous if you don't know what you are doing. I always advise people to learn with a mentor experienced with the type of propellant (solid, liquid, or hybrid) being used as they all have their different characteristics. Books and videos don't suffice.
@@mojaverockets Regardless of the xray thing, you shouldn't use a product rated for 60 to 100psi, in something that could malfunction and generate thousands of pounds of psi. When I wrote my post, I had just watched a video of a sugar rocket unexpectedly exploding on the launch pad. A sugar rocket of all things. Parts exploded out the bottom and out the top.
@@choppergirl I've been making rocket motors (solid, liquid, hybrids) for 65 years. And of those can fail. At our facility, APCP, Liquids, etc fail just as sugar motors do. In this test, the fragments are sharp aluminum ruclips.net/video/EO_iGvBX87c/видео.html
ruclips.net/video/8wousLLepx4/видео.html
You exceeded the bursting pressure. NOT a surprise for a tube this long. As commented: two layers of 8oz BI glass cloth AKA Rutan glass cloth from Aircraft Spruce.❤❤. Total Impulse ? Burn Time ? ❤❤
Parchment paper is waterproof. An alternative igniter is a 10 ohm 1/4 watt resistor, apply 12v voltage and resistor gets hot & burns up, I used Cat5 solid twisted pair wire.
INCREDIBLE VIDEO BRO THANK YOU
I also add iron oxide and magnesium in my kno2
DREAT video! I would suggest pouring the furl from the wok into a metal mixing bowl to keep it at a cooler level. I would also suggest a probe style cooking thermometer to take readings below the surface.
Wouldn’t a double boiler come in handy for the 210°
Yeah, it's been suggested a few times. I'm gonna try again with the wok but cooking low and slow. Double boiler is certainly a good backup plan.
1:14:40
And that’s why you NEVER use PVC as a motor casing.
NEVER.
I'm sorry you feel that way but that is your right. If you care to watch the followup video, you will see that the motor is actually successful. And I am in fact NOT dangerous. We take very careful steps to ensure that our testing is done safely.
@@rotaryrocketry
What’s dangerous is people seeing this and thinking that PVC is ok. Are you with NAR or Tripoli?
Thanks for a very interesting video. Keep trying, I've subscribed and sent the video URL to a bunch of my friends.
Ohh that saw reminded me of my dads old dewalt. Had no brake stop and the blade takes a very long time to spin down. He almost lost his finger on a mishap with the saw off. Cut half way through his middle finger. After that he kept a board 1 inch wide nearby to press against the side to stop it after use.
I think you have newer wok. Elements are lot stronger.
It's brand spankin' new.
Get along Kid Charlemagne...
pancake mix.....yum.....booooom.....lol
What about using a double boiler when mixing the fuel? That should provide more even heating.
That is a really good idea for preventing excessive heating... I had not considered that because most of the time we cook our sugar fuel to 230F. This was the first motor I've built that called for a lower temperature of 210F.
You sure blew it.