Higgs & most of the standard model is just pure speculation & likely wrong. Really we cannot measure any non-electromagnetic particles or wavelets. All measurements are inferred by interactions decayed or translated into EM forces. The Higgs is purely speculation since the standard model derived a particle to be within a energy range, and CERN happened to find a particle with then that range. That does not mean its really Higgs, and the so called W boson appears to be too heavy to support the standard model. I presume they will fudge that to keep the Standard model alive. I suspect Inertia is probably an EM interaction since all particles with mass have either an electric charge or magnetic moment that is bound by μ0 and ε0. Gravity is probably derived from the strong interaction that continues well beyond an atoms radius but at a much weaker presence. If you look at a graph of the strong interaction it rapidly decays from 10^4 newtons at 1 radius to less than 1 newton at about 3 radius's. Beyond that its no longer possible to measure it, but that does not mean it persists in the macro scale. If this is correct, than mass isn't really one effect, but a combination of two separate effects (EM: inertial & Gravity: Strong interaction). This would also simply everything since it eliminates gravitons, higgs, & reduces the number of real forces to three: strong, weak, and EM.
Why Mass exists is because it is Muons that attach to the electron neutrinos. The muons are Black balls called Fixed Particles and they are solid and the Electron neutinos have all the energy and no mass. We have created them in laser acceleration experiments using venturis....photoed using CMOS .... I wish to engage if you will allow it? Fermilab article on "whats the point" shows the smallest bits and It appears all matter is made of dipoles ... Electrons are actually Dirac neutrinos (gluons) and 2 make a Photon which is 2 dipoles and fairly stable..... Protons are 1823 dipoles (charged) and neutrons 1824 dipoles (neutral). My theory is "Dipole Electron Flood" theory
Can you dive more into what the pion/higgs field and it's condensate and the drag means (and how that can be imagined)? The video stopped where I thought it would start to get really interesting 😊
@@Rudyard_Stripling funny, never heard of a heavy wet fog making something collapse into a black hole... the part of the conceptual thats missing is how the drag creates the effect of mass, for instance how does drag cause two objects to attract one another? Or how does drag stop an object from being slowed down quickly? That last one is especially counterintuitive.
This is straight forward in particle Physics? People, when are you going to give up trying to understand this with the limited ape brain only? Next step in Evolution badly needed. AI won't cut it.
The term "condensate" in particle physics is used to describe the situation when some field has a non-zero vacuum expectation value. This situation is a bit counter-intuitive because it's a vacuum (it has no particles - the vacuum is the state from which you can't remove any particles - it's "as empty as it gets"), yet it can interact with particles flying through it. In SM, vacuum has two condensates: higgs, and pion (or QCD) condedsate.
I have to say this channel is absolutely amazing. The way you explain topics is precise and clear without being either overly granular or too simplified. You're reputable, you're easy to listen to, and your humor is spot on. Don't even get me started on the fact that you have quizzes for your videos. Godspeed.
@@nuffsaid0let’s not forget magnetism. Opposite charges keep most particles together. What part gravity plays is still much of a mystery. I find gluons fascinating, exactly how they work and why, and where do they come from, is interesting subject matter.
Thanks for clearing that up. Yes, I was told the energy of the gluons and virtual particles were to blame but the further refinement to pion condensate is a little better. I do appreciate science educators making the effort to explain things and crediting their audience with the ability to understand, or , at least, to try.
10/10 for this one! There has been so much noise about Higgs boson. Nobel level news and regular internet stuff. God particle, mass and what not. This was nice clarifying and in ways eye opening. Even a student can follow this explanation. Also important, to understand the universe. Well done!
The media is insufferable with this practice, and they do it with *every* field of study, not just physics or "hard" sciences. They're generally more concerned with how compelling their rhetoric is--especially with regard to views/circulation/etc. I've learned to take any scientific explanation in the popular press, television, etc. with a grain of salt unless there's a broader context that is also meaningfully explained.
For instance, the media constantly talks about antidepressant drugs as if they "correct a chemical imbalance". But there is no such thing as a "chemical imbalance". The concept itself is vacuous advertising copy with no relation to any scientific account of the drugs' mechanism of action, or neurophysiology in general. No one has measured any such imbalance, or even posited one theoretically. They *do* induce neurophysiological changes over time, but, if anything, the drug *creates* an "imbalance", though that's also a meaningless asseriton.
@@bsadewitz it was even funnier when people tried to change their natural ph "imbalance" a while ago by drinking some basic sh!t and landing in ER rooms. Because you don't f. with your body. Like they say - you can't change your body. You can break it and live with what's left after. Results may vary, don't do at home... I don't exactly see how some of this connects to the topic at hand though. Don't be stupid? Darwin prize? Ok.
Thanks so much Sabine for this fresh perspective on mass generation by the Higgs field. Thanks even more for telling us all about the real players in mass generation... Pions. I'd heard the name before but never encountered an explanation of their role in mass formation. Your teaching skills are much appreciated & we all love you here on RUclips.
Fascinating video, thank you. As well as the clarification of how the Higgs Boson relates to mass, I also appreciated your careful qualifications: "for all we currently know... for all we know..." There are still things to find out!
Great wrap up statement. Says it all for viewers like me. I only took the classes needed to become an engineer. Wish channels like this existed 40 years ago.
Einfach spontan Danke. Sie geben mir so viel großartige Inspiration seit einigen Jahren, fast täglich, und das „einfach so“. Obwohl ich fachlich kaum über die Tischplatte schaue, auf und über der Sie „dozieren“ und unterhalten, fühle ich mich mitgenommen. Danke!
It helps me to visualize the entire system of a hadron as a single quasi-particle, with a very complex but cyclical multidimensional waveform, like a chord made up of many notes, with their phases aligned. It is overlaid with a lot of random noise, but it is resonant enough to maintain it's identity. The individual notes, and the noise, can be considered individually, but they don't exist independent of the chord.
I thought I knew most of this because I did masters degree in this exact topic, studying strong interaction, the structure of a proton, but I haven't heard about the pion condensate exactly, wow! Thanks, Sabine ❤
I read that, from certain perspective, the pions hold the whole nucleus together. So is it this "pion-field" too, that glues the protons an neutrons? So nicely presented, and many new quetions pop up, but if one is patient, they´ll all be answered by this sunshine-like channel.
Reminds me of the old Yukawa potential which as I recall was modeling the strong force as mediated by pions. (It didn’t work out, there was no Highs at the time)
@@randallbsmithyes, there was no Higgs field at the time. The strong nuclear field is more complicated than EM and weak. But gravity might end up being the most complicated of all of these ideas.
@@randallbsmith Yes. Yukawa posited a ~100 MeV particle (based on range, hbar time c = 200 MeV x fermi) and then the muon was discovered. Eureka! ....then not Eureka. But the pion saved the day, and that it had +, 0. - versions was quite nice for symmetry reasons.
Sabine, thank you for taking the time to understand this, and then explaining it to everyone in a simple way. The world is a better place for having you (and your team) in it ❤
@@sjzara I don't know why physicists talk about mass all the time, when it is actually energy. It muddy's the waters and is misleading. Mass is just the energy a particle or particles have when they are not moving. Energy bends space-time, not mass.
it gets complicated though because when there is expansion, you can always describe it as stuff shrinking, and the velocities with respect to the second coordinates do slow down in a sense, so a drag term that is independent of velocity can absolutely be folded into the other dynamics when there is expansion, which is kind of weird and difficult to think about.
4:59 brilliant.Quarks and Anti Quarks. That is the primal cause. Thanks for showing. No doubts now. 👏👍🙏😀You are the liberator. I was always fascinated with the Casimir effect
This is outstanding. In less than seven minutes SH explains something that was new to me. I understood mass as far as most of it being in the QCD binding energy and had wondered how the Higgs field interacts with that to produce mass. Turns out it doesn't, it's the pion condensate that does the job, or most of it. When you can't do the maths at that level it's a real pleasure to have it explained by someone of SH's calibre. Thank you.
The problem with "mass as far as most of it being in the QCD binding energy" mental picture is that binding energy is always negative. For example, binding energy of a hydrogen atom is the DEFICIT of energy in it compared to a free proton + free electron. Therefore biding energy can't give any mass. It REDUCES mass: a hydrogen atom is less massive than free proton+ electron.
@@denysvlasenko1865 Thank you for that. I get that in an abstract way. It contradicts my limited "understanding" from other videos but it's healthy to realise you're beyond your limitations. I currently find that sticking largely to the RUclips content provided by SH & by Anton Petrov I can gain some grasp of some topics. Your kind response serves to remind me that that grasp is not strong!
The mass we experience by the accelerated reaction force macroscopically seems similar; the force one experiences when when processing (a cross product) a gyroscope. When not spinning, very little reaction force is experienced but when spinning, the force is greater relative to the rotating mass. Particles have wavelike properties and anything waving also represents rotation in the dimension of time. Might not the force experienced when observing particles not be manifested by the gyroscopic precession of their wave-like properties? Consider also that when one applies a precessional force to a macroscopic gyroscope, the frequency increases resulting in increased energy. This is analogous to Planck's constant which is the coefficient that equates energy and frequency.
Thanks, you just reminded me to go back and investigate the gravitational constant. Some part of me felt like maybe we are using the incorrect gradients on the Time rule. Lately I have just been thinking of this a little more like a "Time Well" a region in time where time is more condensed, or more stretched. A bit like a dip in the time string.
I've read why we have mass before... bt I think this is the most lay-man explanation whilst still capturing the core concepts 👍🏼... obviously Sabine is a woman with a mission... I'm bookmarking this video
So the pion condensate is not a field-condesate but a particle? Also how does a non-elementary-anything make a condensate? Is it actually similar enough to be called the same? For the a field I could imagine it having some consistent energy fluctuation as condensate, but how does that work for particles?
Thank you Sabine! Finally a reasonable explanation for the Mass of the Proton. Often people justify such a High Mass due to the binding Energy of quarks despite the fact that binding Energy usually add a negative contribution to the final mass.
Very cool learning about the Higgs field! I find it incredible that this field gives mass, and then mass bends space-time, that then creates gravity. It's like we are in a soup and all the ingredients are cooking!
@@alienzenx the full equation for special relativity is E^2=(mc^2)^2+(PC)^2. P is momentum. So you are right, photons don't get their energy from mass, but from momentum. Either way, both mass and energy do Infact bend space-time, according to Einstein's theory of special relativity, which has been standing the test of time fairly well, I might add! But who knows! You might be right, the universe is an amazingly complex and fascinating thing to discover!
Thank you, Sabine, you do a great job explaining. Somehow, I feel it to be necessary to look into those basic particles of the standard model, and to see how some of them combine into some non-basic, but nevertheless quite important material, that in the end form the atoms that are only a bit more familiar to at least me. If those basic particles could be called “atoms” (not to be divided up in the past), then those non-basic material could be called the “molecules” of those basic particles. A not too difficult and not too long video along these lines, called maybe “From particles to atoms”, would help at least me to get the picture.
Excellent presentation! I've found most presentations about the Higgs boson cofusing at best. I think now I undesrtand better the mechanism of yielding the 'property' of mass. However, I have a question: how is this related with the mechanism by which when a body accelerates to high velocities (e.g. near the speed of light) the mass of tha body 'increases'. Right? How is this related to Higgs or Pions condensates? Please address this issue in a fututre talk, if you think it's interesting.
It's not related. In a sense you can think of the Higgs field as adding energy to an object, just like acceleration does. But so dos heating a body or using light to excite its electrons into higher orbits. There's no deep link between these processes other than the fact they add energy. Birds and plans both fly, but aren't that connected.
Thanks so much for creating and sharing this informative and timely video. Great job. Keep it up. OK - Mind Blown. Finally, someone explains Higgs and Pions in terms that I can understand and relate to. Thanks so much.
It'll never cease to amaze me how, at the very small scale, it's just absolute chaos of things popping in and out of existence, simply because they can.
So, if the mass is provided by the pion condensate of all these pions popping in and out of existence in the nucleus, then is the mass of anything constant or is it constantly buzzing around an average value, but just too minute of a change for us to detect on large scales?
Mass is energy, as per Einstein, and energy has an uncertainty principle with time, as per Heisenberg. So it's another fuzzy quantum thing at small scales.
Mass is energy, and the energy is not going away while these are popping in and out of existence, only if the whole particle is interacting with something external to it. But this topic is borderline about quantum gravity, so I don’t think we can have a definitive answer to it yet…
I believe I saw an Alvin Ash video claiming that it was the quark motion at relativistic speeds within a nucleon that accounted for most of its mass. i'm glad i saw this video.
Things are strange at the quantum level -- the duality of elementary particles means that terms like fields and particles are only a rough approximation of what's really going on (which is way above my pay grade).
@@EnglishMike Hmm it makes sense. To me the introduction of "condensate" throws a new ingredient into the particle-field mix, the outcome of which is not very clear. What would a quantum field be like without condensates? Can any quantum field generate this? What happens if a pion particle pass through the pion condensate?
The important thing about the Higgs field is that its value is nonzero *everywhere*. (And thus yes,there is a uniform condensate everywhere.) If, say, the photon field is nonzero at some point you get neat stuff at that point, but if the photon field was nonzero everywhere it'd change the basic behavior of matter. In a sense 'condensate' describes this fundamental change, where a particle cannot move through space without a continual effect. Without the Higgs condensate, electromagnetism doesn't exist, nor photons, nor atoms.
@@garethdean6382 Oh i see. Lets say hypothetically there are regions where the field value is nonuniform (there is a gradient). Would particles passing through that region experience a "force"?
Literally typing Higgs=Aether as you said it. This is not because I am smart, but because you are a talented presenter. You laid the groundwork for my brain to say Aether and just as it did, you said, not really Mr. Guzzler.
Hi Dr. Hossenfelder, thanks for the video. I have a question about the coupling of elementary particles to the higgs field. You said its unknown why these particles couple with such different strengths. Is this something that is likely to be explained at some point, or is it more like the "mystery" of the relative overabundance of matter compared to antimatter, where there isn't really a reason for it?
There's ongoing research on it, I tried to find the reason myself last year, there's some models being constructed but evidently there isn't enough data yet to really say anything about the math.
It depends on whether you are an optimist or pessimist :D And I have to correct you on the antimatter matter asymmetry. There is a lot of research going on to try and find out why matter is so much more abundant. Physicists haven't given up on the reason yet! How does this research work? CPT symmetry violations create a matter/antimatter asymmetry. In the standard model there is only very small CPT violation, not enough to account for what we see. But there are high precision measurements going on to find non-standard-model CPT violation. For example we try to measure if the neutron has a nonzero electric dipole moment. If it has, then there is additional CPT violation which would explain the overabundance of matter. EDIT: Actually I meant CP violation. Combined CPT symmetry is still always valid given Lorentz symmetry (the core of special relativity).
Interesting. I had heard of a pion, but did not know its role. I was also surprised to learn that there was enough vacuum energy between the nucleus and electron shell to allow for virtual particles, although in retrospect, I shouldn't have been.
As a pre-diabetic, I am tasked with decreasing my sugar and increasing my protein and fat! I and a friend have both lost weight on this diet. Oh I love carbs. Sometimes I binge.
Very interesting, Sabine. That is getting a lot closer to what I was arguing, though I expect that the real drama is in the space from the mean of the electron shell to Boundary of the Proton Nucleus where I expect the Higgs Field energy level to increase exponentially to the energy level of the strong nuclear force at the horizon level of the nucleus. Up to now from what I can tell physics has assumed nothing goes on in the space around proton and Neuton nuclei, but that cannot be. String theory led itself astray trying to prove that protons and Neutrons were self confining, but that is inconsistent with Protons gaining energy/mass as they move close to the speed of light. Where there is a package of intense energy, there has to be a reaction with the field around it. That then brings up the need to figure out how the Higgs Field works. Herein is someone’s String Theory Nobel Prize (you have to put that in as that is all some scientists think about “where is my damned Nobel Prize”) the nature of the field and how it confines the energy of the Proton. I expect this to be something like the field is closed loop string energy and the quarks are open string linear energy (linear as in photons) and where the field is charged by the linear string energy just as a coil is charged by a magnetic field, but once charged by the quark energy it cannot discharge so remains permanently in balance with the proton’s energy. I also expect that the Higgs Field does not permeate through the quarks needing for there to be an energy exclusion principle and or the quark energy travels faster than the speed of light within that tiny space. Also the pions are energy turbulence and like the Higgs Particle are only particle like when a proton is smashed apart, and the energy adjusts to new stable quantised energy states in the energy cascade down to a new stability. However it works out, dying to know. This is so exciting.
I am not a phycisist, but I understood that a condensate is just a field where you can put in or pull out of energy and it does not matter for the grand total. Someone explained it to me like the whole of the numbers, if you do plus one, it only shifts one but the whole numbers from minus infinity to plus infinity stays the same. Same if you subtract one, or a hundred or a thousand, it does not matter.
It's an interaction between the particle(fermions) and the Higgs field. They are exchanging Weak Hypercharge that flips back and forth the particles spin direction.
I really appreciate the quizzes you offer on some videos. It’s cool to check my comprehension, even if I have to watch some of your videos multiple times to get the idea.
Wait, what? I've never heard this explanation before. This is both refreshing and upsetting. Refreshing because it's something completely new that sounds like it makes sense. Upsetting because there's a giant established system of scientists, science educators, journalists, etc. who've been telling us a completely different story for years. By itself, the idea that we've been "lied to" about an esoteric subject is little more than an annoyance, but when put into the context of real-life issues such as covid, where the "experts" act like they have all the answers and try to coerce and shame us into doing what they want us to do, it becomes very real very fast. "Follow the science" increasingly sounds like "obey the scientists", as it's repeatedly and dismissively shouted at us.
I remember when I was in Elementary-High School asking the teacher if there was anything smaller than Protons, neutrons, and electrons and the answer was no. Now look how far we have come.
This is awesome, thank you. I struggle a little to understand how conservation laws can be maintained if the collective of the energy from the pions results in so much of the final mass, but I probably just need to mull this over some more...
Idea: THE Plank is the fundamental unit of energy time and space. Energy condenses into photons, electrons and quarks. It’s like the Periodic Table. Hydrogen condenses to Helium, Lithium etc. The Plank is useful to describe space time mass and momentum because that is what it is.
OK, there are several things confusing me here 1. If neutrinos are only right handed, doesn't that means they cannot get mass through the HIggs mechanism? 2. Don't the weak force bosons get their mass from somewhere else other than the Higgs mechniasm? 3. Pions are a mediator particle between nucleons in the same way that photons are the mediator for the electro-magnetic force. You are calling this a condensate of the field, is that another word for the same thing?
finally there is one who clarifies the difference between higgs-condensate and particle for mass creation people get it often wrong. i knew that the mass of p/n arises mainly from the confined dynamics within them, but even i didnt know, that one could it describe effectivly by a pion condensate. thank u ^^
Sabine: "have you ever wondered where all that mass here comes from?" Me, looking at my midsection on reflex: "No, I've a good idea" Excellent description and explanation... as always!
I’m glad there’s someone like you reporting on physics that actually understands the topic. This stuff is difficult to understand, and I’m quite convinced that the majority of the reporters and editors in the media don’t understand this, which I’m sure contributes to the poor reporting and some of the sensationalism in physics in general, and particle physics in particular. So thank you!
There's a term for this, Gell-Mann Amnesia, where you see a report into something you know and realize a publication has NO idea what they're talking about, then read another article you're not informed on and assume the very same publication is sensibly informed. It's scary how little the people writing the stories (or making youtube videos) know.
For years I have been telling people that it wasn't that I was overweight; just that I interacted more strongly with the Higgs Field. Today I learned that it is actually because I have too many pions. Good to know.
Since energy is before mass, everything can be expressed as energy. It follows that mass is just a redundant term that introduces unnecessary complications. Except in normal life, say when cooking. It is correct to say that the Higgs boson gives additional energy ....
“It doesn’t matter how fast you move, the drag from the Higgs field is always the same.” But I thought the reason photons don’t have mass is that at the speed of light they are unaffected by the Higgs field and that is why they are massless.
Thanks for the reminder physics course. It's embarrassing how much one forgets having left the hard-core physics community (with a phd, 2 post-docs and 2 research grants) 25 years ago.
I like Sabine. Sabine knows all her stuff yet keeps her feet firmly on the ground. Her explanations are exactly that without stepping into the realm of being a gospel. Many other prevalent posters could learn from her example, as they may be smart, but they just don’t seem to think for themselves.
Another example of why I think the "sea of Feynman" is the real way of understanding quantum physics and the void... as electric "charges" in metal are just "those who are not compensated".. quark in proton and neutron are just statistical flux in a constant sea of creations and annihilations.. and then there's the obvious "where does the energy come from and goes to" when particle are created from the void.. it's just simpler for me to assume that the void is filled with actual particles whose opposite effects happens to statistically cancel out and that EM fields are just a measurement of the distribution of mainly isotropic massive amount of photons (and not the other way around).
Without the symmetry breaking of the electroweak force, there is no Higgs field and thus no electromagnetism. So perhaps electromagnetism light to travel via a medium does need the Higgs field. It couples to it but not strongly at all
2:34 „It doesn‘t matter how fast you move the drag from the Higgs field is always the same“. Sounds a bit like the constant speed of light for all observers.
Brilliant explanation as always, thank you! Nice touch with the "Sabine Hossenfelder" field, evident from the 'SH' condensate floating about on the right? 😊
The quiz for this video is here: quizwithit.com/start_thequiz/1705011716288x794965809195634200
We ask why to much and not how enough
Amazing explanation, really appreciate....
Could you maybe do a video going more in depth/ talk about the math.
Higgs & most of the standard model is just pure speculation & likely wrong. Really we cannot measure any non-electromagnetic particles or wavelets. All measurements are inferred by interactions decayed or translated into EM forces. The Higgs is purely speculation since the standard model derived a particle to be within a energy range, and CERN happened to find a particle with then that range. That does not mean its really Higgs, and the so called W boson appears to be too heavy to support the standard model. I presume they will fudge that to keep the Standard model alive.
I suspect Inertia is probably an EM interaction since all particles with mass have either an electric charge or magnetic moment that is bound by μ0 and ε0. Gravity is probably derived from the strong interaction that continues well beyond an atoms radius but at a much weaker presence. If you look at a graph of the strong interaction it rapidly decays from 10^4 newtons at 1 radius to less than 1 newton at about 3 radius's. Beyond that its no longer possible to measure it, but that does not mean it persists in the macro scale.
If this is correct, than mass isn't really one effect, but a combination of two separate effects (EM: inertial & Gravity: Strong interaction). This would also simply everything since it eliminates gravitons, higgs, & reduces the number of real forces to three: strong, weak, and EM.
Why Mass exists is because it is Muons that attach to the electron neutrinos. The muons are Black balls called Fixed Particles and they are solid and the Electron neutinos have all the energy and no mass. We have created them in laser acceleration experiments using venturis....photoed using CMOS .... I wish to engage if you will allow it?
Fermilab article on "whats the point" shows the smallest bits and It appears all matter is made of dipoles ... Electrons are actually Dirac neutrinos (gluons) and 2 make a Photon which is 2 dipoles and fairly stable..... Protons are 1823 dipoles (charged) and neutrons 1824 dipoles (neutral). My theory is "Dipole Electron Flood" theory
Can you dive more into what the pion/higgs field and it's condensate and the drag means (and how that can be imagined)? The video stopped where I thought it would start to get really interesting 😊
Seconded, I'd like to understand better how a pion condensate interacts with nuclei, the mechanism.
Think of it like heavy wet fog and you got it.
@@Rudyard_Stripling funny, never heard of a heavy wet fog making something collapse into a black hole... the part of the conceptual thats missing is how the drag creates the effect of mass, for instance how does drag cause two objects to attract one another? Or how does drag stop an object from being slowed down quickly? That last one is especially counterintuitive.
She explained it, it slows the pions and quarks down, the condensates.@@xxportalxx.
The presence of a pion condensate generally leads to a softening of the equation of state.@@xxportalxx.
By far the most straightforward explanation for mass I've heard. Can you tell us more about what condensates are?
This is straight forward in particle Physics? People, when are you going to give up trying to understand this with the limited ape brain only? Next step in Evolution badly needed. AI won't cut it.
The term "condensate" in particle physics is used to describe the situation when some field has a non-zero vacuum expectation value. This situation is a bit counter-intuitive because it's a vacuum (it has no particles - the vacuum is the state from which you can't remove any particles - it's "as empty as it gets"), yet it can interact with particles flying through it.
In SM, vacuum has two condensates: higgs, and pion (or QCD) condedsate.
Thank you for clearing this up. I have a PhD in Astrophysics and didn't know what you just told me. It's good to learn something new every day!
Where did you think most of the mass came from?
"Mass is Mass.
Mass comes from Mass."
No reason you should, this is particle theory and a PhD is usually on a highly specific topic
Think you can still get your money back?
I've read PhD thesis' and they are almost universally esoteric in nature.
Colleges pay for people who know more and more about less and less.
I have to say this channel is absolutely amazing. The way you explain topics is precise and clear without being either overly granular or too simplified.
You're reputable, you're easy to listen to, and your humor is spot on. Don't even get me started on the fact that you have quizzes for your videos. Godspeed.
Godspeed?
@@davidpeters3857 It's just a phrase. Don't read too much into it.
The depth of your explanation is absolutely out of this world!!! Congrats, Sabine!! You're not only a great mind, but also a great teacher!
@@nuffsaid0let’s not forget magnetism. Opposite charges keep most particles together. What part gravity plays is still much of a mystery. I find gluons fascinating, exactly how they work and why, and where do they come from, is interesting subject matter.
Thanks for clearing that up. Yes, I was told the energy of the gluons and virtual particles were to blame but the further refinement to pion condensate is a little better. I do appreciate science educators making the effort to explain things and crediting their audience with the ability to understand, or , at least, to try.
10/10 for this one!
There has been so much noise about Higgs boson. Nobel level news and regular internet stuff. God particle, mass and what not.
This was nice clarifying and in ways eye opening. Even a student can follow this explanation. Also important, to understand the universe. Well done!
The media is insufferable with this practice, and they do it with *every* field of study, not just physics or "hard" sciences. They're generally more concerned with how compelling their rhetoric is--especially with regard to views/circulation/etc. I've learned to take any scientific explanation in the popular press, television, etc. with a grain of salt unless there's a broader context that is also meaningfully explained.
For instance, the media constantly talks about antidepressant drugs as if they "correct a chemical imbalance". But there is no such thing as a "chemical imbalance". The concept itself is vacuous advertising copy with no relation to any scientific account of the drugs' mechanism of action, or neurophysiology in general. No one has measured any such imbalance, or even posited one theoretically. They *do* induce neurophysiological changes over time, but, if anything, the drug *creates* an "imbalance", though that's also a meaningless asseriton.
@@bsadewitz it was even funnier when people tried to change their natural ph "imbalance" a while ago by drinking some basic sh!t and landing in ER rooms. Because you don't f. with your body. Like they say - you can't change your body. You can break it and live with what's left after. Results may vary, don't do at home...
I don't exactly see how some of this connects to the topic at hand though. Don't be stupid? Darwin prize? Ok.
I love how Sabine explains such complex topics in a condensated way that everyone can understand! That's why I love her channel so much!
Excellent presentation! Good humor, good explanations. Thank you.
Wow! Pion Condensate. Very well explained, thank you, Sabine, you definitely have that knack of explaining complicated things succinctly, and clearly.
I just realized you crossed 1 million subs! Congratulations you deserve it.
I wholeheartedly concur.
Uhm, this was like 3 month ago. She even made a thankyou-video.
Never quite thought about the origins of mass. Consciousness and all we perceive is truly miraculous to me. Thank you Sabine.
I’ve heard of Pions before but didn’t know what they were until today. Thanks, Sabine.
except in the chess game never heard of them either, but it s hard to understand what she said
@@thepuma2012 : Ah, the wonderful feeling of using a pion to check mate a kiong. There’s nothing quite like iot. 😉
Man I love how straightforward reality is. Everything just has a nice clean and simple explanation. Absolutely no tomfoolery here.
I love it when I learn another step above, or a layer deeper, than what I thought I knew! Thank you!
You can't really "know" it when explained in words. Mathematics is the langauge that is eloquent and clear about this.
Thanks so much Sabine for this fresh perspective on mass generation by the Higgs field. Thanks even more for telling us all about the real players in mass generation... Pions. I'd heard the name before but never encountered an explanation of their role in mass formation. Your teaching skills are much appreciated & we all love you here on RUclips.
I never knew why I had mass. Growing up, every Sunday, I had to go to mass. I still can't figure out why.
So, you wouldn't have body image issues? Or maybe to turn you into "The Rock", I vote for the second one personally.
Just how many calories are there in communion?.
@@paulct91 r/whoosh
Shut up and eat your Jesus.
If you don't clean your mock-cannibalism plate, you'll go blind and your bones will get all twisted....
God Damnit! I come to post this exact lame dad joke and you beat me to it. Well played sir, well played.
Fascinating video, thank you. As well as the clarification of how the Higgs Boson relates to mass, I also appreciated your careful qualifications: "for all we currently know... for all we know..." There are still things to find out!
I've heard this explained in so many different ways its annoying. Thx for finally clearing this up for me Sabine.
Great wrap up statement. Says it all for viewers like me. I only took the classes needed to become an engineer. Wish channels like this existed 40 years ago.
Never too late to learn! And better yet, they had a lot wrong 40 years ago. Hubble was just a pipe dream back then!
Einfach spontan Danke. Sie geben mir so viel großartige Inspiration seit einigen Jahren, fast täglich, und das „einfach so“. Obwohl ich fachlich kaum über die Tischplatte schaue, auf und über der Sie „dozieren“ und unterhalten, fühle ich mich mitgenommen. Danke!
It helps me to visualize the entire system of a hadron as a single quasi-particle, with a very complex but cyclical multidimensional waveform, like a chord made up of many notes, with their phases aligned. It is overlaid with a lot of random noise, but it is resonant enough to maintain it's identity. The individual notes, and the noise, can be considered individually, but they don't exist independent of the chord.
I thought I knew most of this because I did masters degree in this exact topic, studying strong interaction, the structure of a proton, but I haven't heard about the pion condensate exactly, wow! Thanks, Sabine ❤
I read that, from certain perspective, the pions hold the whole nucleus together. So is it this "pion-field" too, that glues the protons an neutrons? So nicely presented, and many new quetions pop up, but if one is patient, they´ll all be answered by this sunshine-like channel.
Yes, same pion!
Reminds me of the old Yukawa potential which as I recall was modeling the strong force as mediated by pions. (It didn’t work out, there was no Highs at the time)
@@randallbsmithyes, there was no Higgs field at the time.
The strong nuclear field is more complicated than EM and weak. But gravity might end up being the most complicated of all of these ideas.
@@randallbsmith The Yukawa potential is still a good model which describes a lot of stuff correctly.
@@randallbsmith Yes. Yukawa posited a ~100 MeV particle (based on range, hbar time c = 200 MeV x fermi) and then the muon was discovered. Eureka! ....then not Eureka. But the pion saved the day, and that it had +, 0. - versions was quite nice for symmetry reasons.
Sabine, thank you for taking the time to understand this, and then explaining it to everyone in a simple way. The world is a better place for having you (and your team) in it ❤
The Higgs field does not create drag. It does not slow particles. It creates inertia. It slows acceleration.
Is there any way to imagine how a field could do such a thing?
@@YayComity Create inertia? By adding energy to a particle.
@@sjzara I don't know why physicists talk about mass all the time, when it is actually energy. It muddy's the waters and is misleading. Mass is just the energy a particle or particles have when they are not moving. Energy bends space-time, not mass.
@@alienzenx Mass indicates inertia.
@@alienzenx
I always thought energy and mass are the same thing.
E=MC**2
Amazing. First time someone explain clearly that mass comes from the field and not the Higs boson. Thank you @Sabine
it gets complicated though because when there is expansion, you can always describe it as stuff shrinking, and the velocities with respect to the second coordinates do slow down in a sense, so a drag term that is independent of velocity can absolutely be folded into the other dynamics when there is expansion, which is kind of weird and difficult to think about.
4:59 brilliant.Quarks and Anti Quarks. That is the primal cause. Thanks for showing. No doubts now. 👏👍🙏😀You are the liberator. I was always fascinated with the Casimir effect
You must construct additional pions.
???
StarCraft reference @@bjornfeuerbacher5514
@@bjornfeuerbacher5514 You won't have enough probes otherwise.
Its a video game reference, Starcraft@@bjornfeuerbacher5514
@@bjornfeuerbacher5514 I think he means "Pylons" the Protos supply structures from StarCraft.
This is outstanding. In less than seven minutes SH explains something that was new to me. I understood mass as far as most of it being in the QCD binding energy and had wondered how the Higgs field interacts with that to produce mass. Turns out it doesn't, it's the pion condensate that does the job, or most of it. When you can't do the maths at that level it's a real pleasure to have it explained by someone of SH's calibre. Thank you.
The problem with "mass as far as most of it being in the QCD binding energy" mental picture is that binding energy is always negative. For example, binding energy of a hydrogen atom is the DEFICIT of energy in it compared to a free proton + free electron. Therefore biding energy can't give any mass. It REDUCES mass: a hydrogen atom is less massive than free proton+ electron.
@@denysvlasenko1865 Thank you for that. I get that in an abstract way. It contradicts my limited "understanding" from other videos but it's healthy to realise you're beyond your limitations. I currently find that sticking largely to the RUclips content provided by SH & by Anton Petrov I can gain some grasp of some topics. Your kind response serves to remind me that that grasp is not strong!
What a coincidence! I was just studying color SU(3). The pions are color singlets.
After a video like this, I have to remind myself that awareness of ignorance is a good thing.
Thanks Sabine.
Great, thanks.
Isn't it the "Michelson-Morley Experiment" though? 2:27
Yes, should be Michelson. Not Michaelson.
All these years, this is the first time I've ever heard of a pion. Thanks, Sabine!
The mass we experience by the accelerated reaction force macroscopically seems similar; the force one experiences when when processing (a cross product) a gyroscope. When not spinning, very little reaction force is experienced but when spinning, the force is greater relative to the rotating mass. Particles have wavelike properties and anything waving also represents rotation in the dimension of time. Might not the force experienced when observing particles not be manifested by the gyroscopic precession of their wave-like properties? Consider also that when one applies a precessional force to a macroscopic gyroscope, the frequency increases resulting in increased energy. This is analogous to Planck's constant which is the coefficient that equates energy and frequency.
Thanks, you just reminded me to go back and investigate the gravitational constant. Some part of me felt like maybe we are using the incorrect gradients on the Time rule.
Lately I have just been thinking of this a little more like a "Time Well" a region in time where time is more condensed, or more stretched. A bit like a dip in the time string.
I've read why we have mass before... bt I think this is the most lay-man explanation whilst still capturing the core concepts 👍🏼... obviously Sabine is a woman with a mission... I'm bookmarking this video
So the pion condensate is not a field-condesate but a particle? Also how does a non-elementary-anything make a condensate? Is it actually similar enough to be called the same? For the a field I could imagine it having some consistent energy fluctuation as condensate, but how does that work for particles?
Thank you Sabine! Finally a reasonable explanation for the Mass of the Proton. Often people justify such a High Mass due to the binding Energy of quarks despite the fact that binding Energy usually add a negative contribution to the final mass.
Very cool learning about the Higgs field! I find it incredible that this field gives mass, and then mass bends space-time, that then creates gravity. It's like we are in a soup and all the ingredients are cooking!
Energy bends space-time, not mass.
Mass does not bend space time
Mass and energy are equivalent. E= mc^2. So they both bend space-time
@@kaginar They are not equivalent. That equation is a special case. If they were equivalent, then a photo would not have any energy.
@@alienzenx the full equation for special relativity is E^2=(mc^2)^2+(PC)^2. P is momentum. So you are right, photons don't get their energy from mass, but from momentum. Either way, both mass and energy do Infact bend space-time, according to Einstein's theory of special relativity, which has been standing the test of time fairly well, I might add! But who knows! You might be right, the universe is an amazingly complex and fascinating thing to discover!
Best introduction on the topic I heard yet while probably also the shortest.
Thank you, Sabine, you do a great job explaining. Somehow, I feel it to be necessary to look into those basic particles of the standard model, and to see how some of them combine into some non-basic, but nevertheless quite important material, that in the end form the atoms that are only a bit more familiar to at least me. If those basic particles could be called “atoms” (not to be divided up in the past), then those non-basic material could be called the “molecules” of those basic particles. A not too difficult and not too long video along these lines, called maybe “From particles to atoms”, would help at least me to get the picture.
This little video is about as good as there is: an explanation of mass from effects of particles.
I fear it will be under-appreciated.
Excellent presentation! I've found most presentations about the Higgs boson cofusing at best. I think now I undesrtand better the mechanism of yielding the 'property' of mass. However, I have a question: how is this related with the mechanism by which when a body accelerates to high velocities (e.g. near the speed of light) the mass of tha body 'increases'. Right? How is this related to Higgs or Pions condensates? Please address this issue in a fututre talk, if you think it's interesting.
The mass doesn't increase, the energy does. Mass is just one particular kind of energy.
It's not related. In a sense you can think of the Higgs field as adding energy to an object, just like acceleration does. But so dos heating a body or using light to excite its electrons into higher orbits. There's no deep link between these processes other than the fact they add energy. Birds and plans both fly, but aren't that connected.
I always assumed i didn't understand something key about the Higgs boson this helps clear things up a lot. Thank you.
Thank you so much. I've always questioned inconsistencies around gravity coming from a particle. Your video cleared that up.
Sabine - many thanks! Have never heard this explanation of nucleonic matter! Why is this not more widely discussed?
Thanks so much for creating and sharing this informative and timely video. Great job. Keep it up.
OK - Mind Blown. Finally, someone explains Higgs and Pions in terms that I can understand and relate to. Thanks so much.
It'll never cease to amaze me how, at the very small scale, it's just absolute chaos of things popping in and out of existence, simply because they can.
So, if the mass is provided by the pion condensate of all these pions popping in and out of existence in the nucleus, then is the mass of anything constant or is it constantly buzzing around an average value, but just too minute of a change for us to detect on large scales?
Mass is energy, as per Einstein, and energy has an uncertainty principle with time, as per Heisenberg. So it's another fuzzy quantum thing at small scales.
Mass is energy, and the energy is not going away while these are popping in and out of existence, only if the whole particle is interacting with something external to it.
But this topic is borderline about quantum gravity, so I don’t think we can have a definitive answer to it yet…
I would imagine it averages out, because energy conservation.
Yes, mass is fluctuating all the time around an average value
My mass is fluctuating like crazy during the winter holidays...
I believe I saw an Alvin Ash video claiming that it was the quark motion at relativistic speeds within a nucleon that accounted for most of its mass. i'm glad i saw this video.
How is the Higgs condensate different than a just the Higgs field strength having some value? Is the condensate uniform everywhere?
Things are strange at the quantum level -- the duality of elementary particles means that terms like fields and particles are only a rough approximation of what's really going on (which is way above my pay grade).
@@EnglishMike Hmm it makes sense. To me the introduction of "condensate" throws a new ingredient into the particle-field mix, the outcome of which is not very clear. What would a quantum field be like without condensates? Can any quantum field generate this? What happens if a pion particle pass through the pion condensate?
The important thing about the Higgs field is that its value is nonzero *everywhere*. (And thus yes,there is a uniform condensate everywhere.) If, say, the photon field is nonzero at some point you get neat stuff at that point, but if the photon field was nonzero everywhere it'd change the basic behavior of matter. In a sense 'condensate' describes this fundamental change, where a particle cannot move through space without a continual effect.
Without the Higgs condensate, electromagnetism doesn't exist, nor photons, nor atoms.
@@garethdean6382 Oh i see. Lets say hypothetically there are regions where the field value is nonuniform (there is a gradient). Would particles passing through that region experience a "force"?
Literally typing Higgs=Aether as you said it. This is not because I am smart, but because you are a talented presenter. You laid the groundwork for my brain to say Aether and just as it did, you said, not really Mr. Guzzler.
Hi Dr. Hossenfelder, thanks for the video. I have a question about the coupling of elementary particles to the higgs field. You said its unknown why these particles couple with such different strengths. Is this something that is likely to be explained at some point, or is it more like the "mystery" of the relative overabundance of matter compared to antimatter, where there isn't really a reason for it?
There's ongoing research on it, I tried to find the reason myself last year, there's some models being constructed but evidently there isn't enough data yet to really say anything about the math.
Universe is strange mystery
It depends on whether you are an optimist or pessimist :D
And I have to correct you on the antimatter matter asymmetry. There is a lot of research going on to try and find out why matter is so much more abundant. Physicists haven't given up on the reason yet!
How does this research work? CPT symmetry violations create a matter/antimatter asymmetry. In the standard model there is only very small CPT violation, not enough to account for what we see. But there are high precision measurements going on to find non-standard-model CPT violation. For example we try to measure if the neutron has a nonzero electric dipole moment. If it has, then there is additional CPT violation which would explain the overabundance of matter.
EDIT: Actually I meant CP violation. Combined CPT symmetry is still always valid given Lorentz symmetry (the core of special relativity).
Interesting. I had heard of a pion, but did not know its role. I was also surprised to learn that there was enough vacuum energy between the nucleus and electron shell to allow for virtual particles, although in retrospect, I shouldn't have been.
A lot of it comes from carbohydrate for me personally. It might not be fundamental though.
As a pre-diabetic, I am tasked with decreasing my sugar and increasing my protein and fat! I and a friend have both lost weight on this diet.
Oh I love carbs. Sometimes I binge.
Very interesting, Sabine. That is getting a lot closer to what I was arguing, though I expect that the real drama is in the space from the mean of the electron shell to Boundary of the Proton Nucleus where I expect the Higgs Field energy level to increase exponentially to the energy level of the strong nuclear force at the horizon level of the nucleus. Up to now from what I can tell physics has assumed nothing goes on in the space around proton and Neuton nuclei, but that cannot be. String theory led itself astray trying to prove that protons and Neutrons were self confining, but that is inconsistent with Protons gaining energy/mass as they move close to the speed of light. Where there is a package of intense energy, there has to be a reaction with the field around it.
That then brings up the need to figure out how the Higgs Field works. Herein is someone’s String Theory Nobel Prize (you have to put that in as that is all some scientists think about “where is my damned Nobel Prize”) the nature of the field and how it confines the energy of the Proton. I expect this to be something like the field is closed loop string energy and the quarks are open string linear energy (linear as in photons) and where the field is charged by the linear string energy just as a coil is charged by a magnetic field, but once charged by the quark energy it cannot discharge so remains permanently in balance with the proton’s energy. I also expect that the Higgs Field does not permeate through the quarks needing for there to be an energy exclusion principle and or the quark energy travels faster than the speed of light within that tiny space. Also the pions are energy turbulence and like the Higgs Particle are only particle like when a proton is smashed apart, and the energy adjusts to new stable quantised energy states in the energy cascade down to a new stability.
However it works out, dying to know. This is so exciting.
So then what do you mean by condensate? And how does the phenomenon of "drag" work?
I am not a phycisist, but I understood that a condensate is just a field where you can put in or pull out of energy and it does not matter for the grand total. Someone explained it to me like the whole of the numbers, if you do plus one, it only shifts one but the whole numbers from minus infinity to plus infinity stays the same. Same if you subtract one, or a hundred or a thousand, it does not matter.
Thank you for the insight!@@ronaldderooij1774
It's an interaction between the particle(fermions) and the Higgs field. They are exchanging Weak Hypercharge that flips back and forth the particles spin direction.
Danke!
But what’s the condensate made of?
You raised the dry humor to the new level which I honestly admire!❤
I think I know exactly where my mass comes from. There was a time before Christmas dinner, and now there is a heavier time.
Thanks. I will endeavor to somehow use pion in my vocabulary today!
I really appreciate the quizzes you offer on some videos. It’s cool to check my comprehension, even if I have to watch some of your videos multiple times to get the idea.
Wow. That was insightful and a clear explanation. I may have to watch this again to completely absorb all of this. Great video.
I, for one, am glad you had to suffer through this education in order to teach me on youtube because I don't think I could do it. Thanks!
Wait, what? I've never heard this explanation before. This is both refreshing and upsetting.
Refreshing because it's something completely new that sounds like it makes sense. Upsetting because there's a giant established system of scientists, science educators, journalists, etc. who've been telling us a completely different story for years. By itself, the idea that we've been "lied to" about an esoteric subject is little more than an annoyance, but when put into the context of real-life issues such as covid, where the "experts" act like they have all the answers and try to coerce and shame us into doing what they want us to do, it becomes very real very fast.
"Follow the science" increasingly sounds like "obey the scientists", as it's repeatedly and dismissively shouted at us.
I never realized just how much I enjoy interacting with the pion fields of others.
I remember when I was in Elementary-High School asking the teacher if there was anything smaller than Protons, neutrons, and electrons and the answer was no. Now look how far we have come.
This is awesome, thank you. I struggle a little to understand how conservation laws can be maintained if the collective of the energy from the pions results in so much of the final mass, but I probably just need to mull this over some more...
Why do you think that leads to problems with conservation laws? Energy is conserved. Mass is not.
@@narfwhals7843 Because energy is mass, and mass is energy
@@TorrentUK mass is energy, energy is not mass. Kinetic energy is also energy, but kinetic energy is not conserved.
Idea: THE Plank is the fundamental unit of energy time and space. Energy condenses into photons, electrons and quarks. It’s like the Periodic Table. Hydrogen condenses to Helium, Lithium etc.
The Plank is useful to describe space time mass and momentum because that is what it is.
2:05 ::: LARGE COLLIDERS :: "THE OLDER THE BOY :: THE BIGGER THE THE TOI" (PROF.KONSTANTIN MEYL (AZK 2019) :::
OK, there are several things confusing me here
1. If neutrinos are only right handed, doesn't that means they cannot get mass through the HIggs mechanism?
2. Don't the weak force bosons get their mass from somewhere else other than the Higgs mechniasm?
3. Pions are a mediator particle between nucleons in the same way that photons are the mediator for the electro-magnetic force. You are calling this a condensate of the field, is that another word for the same thing?
Short and clear...genius.
Nice explanation. Nice telephone from 80s Deutsche Bundespost?!
finally there is one who clarifies the difference between higgs-condensate and particle for mass creation people get it often wrong. i knew that the mass of p/n arises mainly from the confined dynamics within them, but even i didnt know, that one could it describe effectivly by a pion condensate. thank u ^^
Anton Petrov reviewed a paper that stated that mass is created by the *"movement of gluons."* The key is the movement.
Sabine: "have you ever wondered where all that mass here comes from?"
Me, looking at my midsection on reflex: "No, I've a good idea"
Excellent description and explanation... as always!
Higs Basone consists of seven Subbazones , Yellow subbasone , Late subbasone , ........., these ones are really fundamental !
"scientists keep changing their minds!"
"no, you just keep learning new things"
I’m glad there’s someone like you reporting on physics that actually understands the topic. This stuff is difficult to understand, and I’m quite convinced that the majority of the reporters and editors in the media don’t understand this, which I’m sure contributes to the poor reporting and some of the sensationalism in physics in general, and particle physics in particular. So thank you!
There's a term for this, Gell-Mann Amnesia, where you see a report into something you know and realize a publication has NO idea what they're talking about, then read another article you're not informed on and assume the very same publication is sensibly informed. It's scary how little the people writing the stories (or making youtube videos) know.
For years I have been telling people that it wasn't that I was overweight; just that I interacted more strongly with the Higgs Field. Today I learned that it is actually because I have too many pions. Good to know.
Although we now know that neutrinos have a tiny amount of mass, in the standard model the mass of the neutrinos is zero.
Thank you for the clarification!!
Since energy is before mass, everything can be expressed as energy. It follows that mass is just a redundant term that introduces unnecessary complications. Except in normal life, say when cooking. It is correct to say that the Higgs boson gives additional energy ....
“It doesn’t matter how fast you move, the drag from the Higgs field is always the same.”
But I thought the reason photons don’t have mass is that at the speed of light they are unaffected by the Higgs field and that is why they are massless.
This woman always puts forward views which go aainst the consensus. and VERY GOOD too. It leaves one even more confused.
I should have said ' Lady ' of course - apologies
Thanks for the reminder physics course. It's embarrassing how much one forgets having left the hard-core physics community (with a phd, 2 post-docs and 2 research grants) 25 years ago.
Thanks. FYI at 2:37, it should be "Michelson-Morley".
That quiz is a fantastic idea!
I like Sabine. Sabine knows all her stuff yet keeps her feet firmly on the ground. Her explanations are exactly that without stepping into the realm of being a gospel. Many other prevalent posters could learn from her example, as they may be smart, but they just don’t seem to think for themselves.
Exellent video as always. One of the best creators out there. Thank you so much!
Love the convo. Though well aware of most. Still love how she puts it together. Gotcha
Another example of why I think the "sea of Feynman" is the real way of understanding quantum physics and the void... as electric "charges" in metal are just "those who are not compensated".. quark in proton and neutron are just statistical flux in a constant sea of creations and annihilations.. and then there's the obvious "where does the energy come from and goes to" when particle are created from the void.. it's just simpler for me to assume that the void is filled with actual particles whose opposite effects happens to statistically cancel out and that EM fields are just a measurement of the distribution of mainly isotropic massive amount of photons (and not the other way around).
I would love to hear you talk about this for a whole hour.
Without the symmetry breaking of the electroweak force, there is no Higgs field and thus no electromagnetism. So perhaps electromagnetism light to travel via a medium does need the Higgs field. It couples to it but not strongly at all
2:34 „It doesn‘t matter how fast you move the drag from the Higgs field is always the same“. Sounds a bit like the constant speed of light for all observers.
That's *exactly* how all elementary fields operate.
@@garethdean6382 intresting! Did not know.
"I swear it wasn't me!" Truly a classic cry heard around the world! :) Hilarious! Thanks for that!
Brilliant explanation as always, thank you! Nice touch with the "Sabine Hossenfelder" field, evident from the 'SH' condensate floating about on the right? 😊