I've built a radar system from a Cavity magnetron from a microwave, a bunch of old switch tubes, vacuum tubes, and a really old CRT, worked really well too
Comedic Sketches BLEEPIN FIREMAN YES! I'd be highly Interested as well! I've made waveguides fer magnetrons b4... and putz with sum other implementations of the Tech. But srsly, I'd luv some details.. I really want to try it andim So out of practice these days..
From the Doppler shift, a car traveling at 120MPH would result in a ~900Hz phase shift if your LO was 2.4GHz. If you were using 77GHz, it would a ~27.5KHz phase shift. Going from 2.4 GHz to 77GHz yields a 32x performance increase in sensitivity. The Phase sensitivity increases linearly with the frequency of the LO. Fr = Ft((1 + v/c)/(1-v/c)) , c = speed of light, v = meters/second, Ft = local oscillator freq.
Maybe its a bit late, but one of the resources cited in the video is the Open MIT Course on radar, this is the link: ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-ll-003-build-a-small-radar-system-capable-of-sensing-range-doppler-and-synthetic-aperture-radar-imaging-january-iap-2011/index.htm
@@notaboutit3565 any microwave electronics for communication textbook. Harmonics and material deflection is a matter of trial, I suppose. RF is a magnificant starting point, without the ball cancer and mysterious sunbruns..
I've been obsessed lately with creating a vehicle based RADAR system that functions identically to the systems used on (IIRC) the DO 17 and ME 410 luftwaffe planes.
@@mor4y Not yet, partly waiting for my wife to finish college, free's up my income and adds hers and will let me have free time to do research into the Freya radar. Part 2, Not a ton of good sources out there for technical information, I'm going to have to do some travelling to get a good understanding of how it works.
Sonar is easier for hobbyists. An ordinary tweeter and then to time the returns to microphones. Timing of several microphones start to give you the aperture required. You can fit these in a wand that is rotated as they face the direction of interest. Synthetic aperture radar is good because it's possible to see in 3D through walls, ceilings and floors giving a whole new perspective. Running a large series of Frequencies could also show various absorption and retransmission spectra. Sadly this video did not really encroach on Synthetic aperture radar
Very helpful video. I needed this information in addition to the contents of "RADAR Basics: A Comprehensive Guide". This information I'm using to build an active RADAR. I'm working on developing a cost effective (cheap components) RADAR System where ALL of the signal processing is offloaded to today's powerful computers. As opposed to doing all of the mixing and filtering and such in inflexible hardware, my system will be based on the cheap magnetrons in everyday "microwave" ovens, pulsed at a PRF of 0.5 Hz to 15 kHz but with a VERY low duty cycle (pulse length from 1us to 1ms or longer). The magnetrons filament will be powered always, the pulses come from a pulse transformer fed by a MCU+FPGA controlled solid-state modulator. The same MCU+FPGA that controls data acquisition , SYNC, pulse shape and length will send ALL of that information over Fibre Optic connections to any properly equipped computer, even a consumer laptop, and all controls come from the same computer to the MCUs/FPGAs. All totally reconfigurable due to the use of FPGAs. BOM cost ~$1200. I'd like to see Raytheon do that for the same cost.....
Note: @10:02 Sum & difference when mixing signals… NOT PRODUCT. IOW: It’s not 2.4 GHz * 2.400001 GHz (that would be 5.760004 GHz)… it’s 2.4 + 2.400001 GHz. Also, you get four out: the sum & difference & the two original signals.
Nice video and presentation. Page 7:00 shows a ground image with light source from the right producing a light shadow to the left. My dumb question : Is that taken by camera or radar?
Now a regular marine radar with say a 4kw beam can produce a good visual image with a regular computer which processes the first flash picture which when combined with the next image 10 or 20 ft downstream with an Nvidia processed image to help calculate the image in 5xram in memory can produce an even better image with much further return gain.
Summing from accelerometer was in the last few years infeasible to achieve an accurate velocity signal, let alone a position signal. Maybe use servos???
7:18 - there are radars in other frequency ranges, like over-the-horizon radars operating by reflecting radio waves from ionosphere, then from target, then again from ionosphere. P-18, quite early Soviet military radar, operated in VHF range, and because of this it was possible to shoot down F-117 stealth aircraft using this radar, since stealth aircraft are optimized against more common radars operating at higher frequencies. Car radars operate at 24 GHz and 76 GHz.
There were even experiments with ground radars (detecting underground objects) in VLF range, where lightnings were used as sources of electromagnetic pulse.
Mieszko Guliński Re P-18 stuff -- kind of, but not really. P-18 is a 2D search radar, not a FCR, and the S-125 (normally the P-18 is an SA-2 thing) doesn't use it to guide missiles; shooting something down still requires a track with the FCR, which is X-band. Stealth aircraft are optimized not against more common radars, but against the kind of radars that give tracks precise enough for weapon targeting (~X-band, NATO India band or so). This is really hard for other aircraft to work around because the antenna and power requirements for high resolution lower-wavelength radars are absolutely prohibitive and UHF search radars like the P-18 are physically gigantic (too large to fit on aircraft). Also, just because aircraft behave as Mie scatterers to them doesn't mean that they automatically have a larger RCS, and Zoltan Dani's testimony himself suggests that the F-117 has a very small RCS in the P-18's wavelength (as he first saw it at ~23km and managed to track it at ~18km). Low Blow/P-15 (and the SA-2's Spoon Rest/P-18) are of a low enough wavelength that you can operate it without fear of antiradiation missiles (you can't put antennas large enough to actually see the radar in them!), so he was able to radiate constantly. tl;dr: the P-18 is only good against stealth aircraft if one flies right on top of you, in which case you can use basically any other radar thanks to received power scaling exponentially with distance. low-frequency radar isn't much better against stealthy aircraft than conventional X-band radars found in fighters and missiles and it comes with a whole host of downsides.
+Mieszko Guliński and you mentioned the f-117 shootdown, likely they were tracking the aircraft with the p18, and when he opened the bomb doors the guidence radar could see him, the weapon used was a s-125 sam system, guided by small radars like the p15, the sa-4 goa radar, prv 11, could get a positive lock on the f117 with its bomb bay exposed, resulting in the shootdown
I have wanted something like this for years. I am a life long storm chaser (mostly lightning photography). This device would NOT help me in storm chasing. Really, I do just fine without even the gov radar usually. just forecast charts and some petrol in the car and off I go. but god knows I would still love to be able to see inside a thunderstorm. To have a totally different and unique perspective. I would only need to be able to detect raindrops out to something like 50 Km, if I need more than that I could just look on the government radar network. So, I would love to build one. but where do I start, is there any Instructable type pages for this project?
This thing is operating in one of the ISM bands (2.4-2.5GHz). 24GHZ would work better, but it's harder to do as the parts get more exotic and expensive..
hay i have a hunch about sinkholes where i live and would like to make a radar system that can tell about a sink hole can you help me make a sonic radar that can penetrate the ground and tell me if their is danger where i live of sinkholes??
I was wondering if it could only detect a gps tracker for a car, If so then can the person in the car talk with the person at the radar screen, Now can it also work with multiple gps tracker that can talk with the person at the radar screen and can there be a way to have another person looking at a weather radar talk with the person in the car, Is there a way to have the gps tracker connected to a car gps that is bought separately from the car but to only send to the person looking at the radar screen the destination without getting ride of the route line when the car follows it if so then can the person looking at the weather radar receive it too, Is there anyway to increases it's range to infinite (if possible), and also for the gps tracker is there a way to give them names?
I wonder if two possibilities are available: 1) Can the design be converted over to a mass produced single PCB for the RF front end to lower the cost? 2) Would better resolution be achieved via the same bandwidth pulse at a higher frequency (5.8GHz or 24Ghz centers), or is it the pulse bandwidth itself that limits resolution?
What *I* liked about it are your clear descriptions of enough of the basics to bootstrap a basic radar tutorial and showed pulse ranging & FM CW Then how to build the FM-CW on your table top = awesome. 2.4 GHz unlicensed band is def good enuf for radar. Mini-Circuits is a great source of RF HW, is that where you bought your LO?. Nice FM-CW demo. Any idea of Cantenna beamwidth? How's the crosstalk from XMIT can to RCV can? LO have enuf stability for SAR? Next step = digital downconvert to I&Q
Thank God we have people that can explain this to you in 45 minutes and be bored by having to do it... In his voice... dont you know you should already know this... bored sigh.... sigh again from him... +1 nerds On the other hand, this could be my first you tube video that doesn't assume we are idiots.
What he described is how a superheterodynes mixer works in a simple to digest way...depending on if you use a sample from the output of the demodulator to feed an AFC that would control the Local Oscillator(FM) or if the sample was fed to the IF amps with an AGC to add amplitude to the signal(AM) the would determine if it was AM(Amplitude Modulation) or FM(Frequency Modulation)....and in this case the ramp generator varies the frequency not the amplitude. So I'm pretty certain it is in fact an FM device. Your home stereo uses a superheterodyne and mixes the modulating signal with the local Oscillator in the same way regardless of AM or FM setting, the changes occur after the mixer.
Is there any possibility that you can help me. I've been working on with a project similar kind of stuff related to RADAR. If possible please share a source to contact you. It would be great if you help me and get inspired. Please do support.
Now this would look wonderful mounted on a chaser vehicle. Sadly I bet Radar radiation is highly regulated here in Russia. Otherwise we might have created an alternative to the Gvmt. monopoly on those darn closed Doppler radars, as well as help save lives and property!
wow seeing that image of the capital and knowing that it came from radar, is a little bit creepy. it just shows how easy it is for the government to watch what your doing 24/7
No he is an MIT student doing a presentation on one of his assignments that he is passionately interested in that can be cheaply reproduced with out an MIT degree!
1) definitely, but someone has to design the damn thing (microwave RF is a bit of woo-doo magic...) 2) technically yes, it could measure in smaller steps, but practically it all depends on the precision of the frequency capture... Also, components would be far more expensive and a lot harder to get...2,4 GHz components (namely amplifiers) are cheap and available...
I've built a radar system from a Cavity magnetron from a microwave, a bunch of old switch tubes, vacuum tubes, and a really old CRT, worked really well too
Comedic Sketches BLEEPIN FIREMAN YES! I'd be highly Interested as well! I've made waveguides fer magnetrons b4... and putz with sum other implementations of the Tech. But srsly, I'd luv some details.. I really want to try it andim So out of practice these days..
+BLEEPIN FIREMAN Glad I'm not your neighbour...
...Or *are* I? :-/
Bleepin Fireman hey you a hashers man think we met once at pbh3
.
I wouldn’t do that nowadays, you would probably blow up every WiFi Router and smartphone within a hundred meters
From the Doppler shift, a car traveling at 120MPH would result in a ~900Hz phase shift if your LO was 2.4GHz. If you were using 77GHz, it would a ~27.5KHz phase shift. Going from 2.4 GHz to 77GHz yields a 32x performance increase in sensitivity. The Phase sensitivity increases linearly with the frequency of the LO.
Fr = Ft((1 + v/c)/(1-v/c)) , c = speed of light, v = meters/second, Ft = local oscillator freq.
yes.
77GHz, off the shelf now. But we have 120 and 240GHz.
Can you translate that to caveman for me
@@limabravo6065The higher the frequency (i.e. shorter the wavelength) the greater the capacity to detect a phase shift given all else is the same
He just said the beam width is 40 degrees so you would not see shit out there and taking your own radar through tsa... This dude rocks.
Too bad he wasn't a captain for an airline. "Ladies and gentlemen we're flying through some thick clouds, that's why you can't see shit out there."
Is this in written form somewhere? I really want to build my own radar, and really need help with the electronics.
Maybe its a bit late, but one of the resources cited in the video is the Open MIT Course on radar, this is the link: ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-ll-003-build-a-small-radar-system-capable-of-sensing-range-doppler-and-synthetic-aperture-radar-imaging-january-iap-2011/index.htm
Well its been 6 years and I have good news. Many, many papers are public on the matter
@@MichaelOfRohan any links?
@@notaboutit3565 any microwave electronics for communication textbook. Harmonics and material deflection is a matter of trial, I suppose. RF is a magnificant starting point, without the ball cancer and mysterious sunbruns..
I've been obsessed lately with creating a vehicle based RADAR system that functions identically to the systems used on (IIRC) the DO 17 and ME 410 luftwaffe planes.
You mean FuG 200 „Hohentwiel“ ?
Did you manage to create anything yet? Or is it still on the ideas bench? :)
@@mor4y Not yet, partly waiting for my wife to finish college, free's up my income and adds hers and will let me have free time to do research into the Freya radar. Part 2, Not a ton of good sources out there for technical information, I'm going to have to do some travelling to get a good understanding of how it works.
Sonar is easier for hobbyists. An ordinary tweeter and then to time the returns to microphones. Timing of several microphones start to give you the aperture required. You can fit these in a wand that is rotated as they face the direction of interest.
Synthetic aperture radar is good because it's possible to see in 3D through walls, ceilings and floors giving a whole new perspective. Running a large series of Frequencies could also show various absorption and retransmission spectra.
Sadly this video did not really encroach on Synthetic aperture radar
Very helpful video. I needed this information in addition to the contents of "RADAR Basics: A Comprehensive Guide". This information I'm using to build an active RADAR. I'm working on developing a cost effective (cheap components) RADAR System where ALL of the signal processing is offloaded to today's powerful computers. As opposed to doing all of the mixing and filtering and such in inflexible hardware, my system will be based on the cheap magnetrons in everyday "microwave" ovens, pulsed at a PRF of 0.5 Hz to 15 kHz but with a VERY low duty cycle (pulse length from 1us to 1ms or longer). The magnetrons filament will be powered always, the pulses come from a pulse transformer fed by a MCU+FPGA controlled solid-state modulator. The same MCU+FPGA that controls data acquisition , SYNC, pulse shape and length will send ALL of that information over Fibre Optic connections to any properly equipped computer, even a consumer laptop, and all controls come from the same computer to the MCUs/FPGAs. All totally reconfigurable due to the use of FPGAs. BOM cost ~$1200. I'd like to see Raytheon do that for the same cost.....
I’m sure they could, but their way is far more lucrative, especially with a “former” board member as a sitting SECDEF.
Note: @10:02 Sum & difference when mixing signals… NOT PRODUCT. IOW: It’s not 2.4 GHz * 2.400001 GHz (that would be 5.760004 GHz)… it’s 2.4 + 2.400001 GHz. Also, you get four out: the sum & difference & the two original signals.
Nice video and presentation.
Page 7:00 shows a ground image with light source from the right producing a light shadow to the left. My dumb question : Is that taken by camera or radar?
How would a portrait or a landscape or other typical photographic vantage points look through synthetic aperture radar?
Now a regular marine radar with say a 4kw beam can produce a good visual image with a regular computer which processes the first flash picture which when combined with the next image 10 or 20 ft downstream with an Nvidia processed image to help calculate the image in 5xram in memory can produce an even better image with much further return gain.
I love seeing people comment on these videos! Awesome!!!
Can you please specify the things at the once, cause it's being hard to understand it?
Is this what they are using for remote neuro monitoring?
Really cool explanation! :D
Da się to zrobić w garażu ?
Could you give me the download link for the spectrum analyzer software, thanks
Summing from accelerometer was in the last few years infeasible to achieve an accurate velocity signal, let alone a position signal. Maybe use servos???
The SAR image of the US Capitol Building is from Sandia's deHavilland Canada Twin Otter SAR testbed...
7:18 - there are radars in other frequency ranges, like over-the-horizon radars operating by reflecting radio waves from ionosphere, then from target, then again from ionosphere. P-18, quite early Soviet military radar, operated in VHF range, and because of this it was possible to shoot down F-117 stealth aircraft using this radar, since stealth aircraft are optimized against more common radars operating at higher frequencies. Car radars operate at 24 GHz and 76 GHz.
There were even experiments with ground radars (detecting underground objects) in VLF range, where lightnings were used as sources of electromagnetic pulse.
Mieszko Guliński Re P-18 stuff -- kind of, but not really. P-18 is a 2D search radar, not a FCR, and the S-125 (normally the P-18 is an SA-2 thing) doesn't use it to guide missiles; shooting something down still requires a track with the FCR, which is X-band. Stealth aircraft are optimized not against more common radars, but against the kind of radars that give tracks precise enough for weapon targeting (~X-band, NATO India band or so). This is really hard for other aircraft to work around because the antenna and power requirements for high resolution lower-wavelength radars are absolutely prohibitive and UHF search radars like the P-18 are physically gigantic (too large to fit on aircraft).
Also, just because aircraft behave as Mie scatterers to them doesn't mean that they automatically have a larger RCS, and Zoltan Dani's testimony himself suggests that the F-117 has a very small RCS in the P-18's wavelength (as he first saw it at ~23km and managed to track it at ~18km). Low Blow/P-15 (and the SA-2's Spoon Rest/P-18) are of a low enough wavelength that you can operate it without fear of antiradiation missiles (you can't put antennas large enough to actually see the radar in them!), so he was able to radiate constantly.
tl;dr: the P-18 is only good against stealth aircraft if one flies right on top of you, in which case you can use basically any other radar thanks to received power scaling exponentially with distance. low-frequency radar isn't much better against stealthy aircraft than conventional X-band radars found in fighters and missiles and it comes with a whole host of downsides.
Thanks for more detailed explanation :)
No problem! It's a fun topic, haha.
+Mieszko Guliński and you mentioned the f-117 shootdown, likely they were tracking the aircraft with the p18, and when he opened the bomb doors the guidence radar could see him, the weapon used was a s-125 sam system, guided by small radars like the p15, the sa-4 goa radar, prv 11, could get a positive lock on the f117 with its bomb bay exposed, resulting in the shootdown
This is gold
I have wanted something like this for years. I am a life long storm chaser (mostly lightning photography). This device would NOT help me in storm chasing. Really, I do just fine without even the gov radar usually. just forecast charts and some petrol in the car and off I go. but god knows I would still love to be able to see inside a thunderstorm. To have a totally different and unique perspective. I would only need to be able to detect raindrops out to something like 50 Km, if I need more than that I could just look on the government radar network. So, I would love to build one. but where do I start, is there any Instructable type pages for this project?
This thing is operating in one of the ISM bands (2.4-2.5GHz). 24GHZ would work better, but it's harder to do as the parts get more exotic and expensive..
Hello are you still on ytube?
Thanks
hay i have a hunch about sinkholes where i live and would like to make a radar system that can tell about a sink hole can you help me make a sonic radar that can penetrate the ground and tell me if their is danger where i live of sinkholes??
that display didn't show anything but lines how do I use it to see airplanes coming and shit like that
Hello, i lile to build you radar, what i must do? Thank you.
what part did you find the most informative?
Really fuckin tiny
I was wondering if it could only detect a gps tracker for a car, If so then can the person in the car talk with the person at the radar screen, Now can it also work with multiple gps tracker that can talk with the person at the radar screen and can there be a way to have another person looking at a weather radar talk with the person in the car, Is there a way to have the gps tracker connected to a car gps that is bought separately from the car but to only send to the person looking at the radar screen the destination without getting ride of the route line when the car follows it if so then can the person looking at the weather radar receive it too, Is there anyway to increases it's range to infinite (if possible), and also for the gps tracker is there a way to give them names?
what range we can get roughly at 2.4 GHZ 100 Watt of power. Nicely presented.
I wonder if two possibilities are available:
1) Can the design be converted over to a mass produced single PCB for the RF front end to lower the cost?
2) Would better resolution be achieved via the same bandwidth pulse at a higher frequency (5.8GHz or 24Ghz centers), or is it the pulse bandwidth itself that limits resolution?
He will never answers to you...
A lot of things limit resolution, wavelength size, antenna size, distance (range) to what you're trying to look at etc...
What *I* liked about it are your clear descriptions of enough of the basics to bootstrap a basic radar tutorial and showed pulse ranging & FM CW Then how to build the FM-CW on your table top = awesome. 2.4 GHz unlicensed band is def good enuf for radar. Mini-Circuits is a great source of RF HW, is that where you bought your LO?. Nice FM-CW demo. Any idea of Cantenna beamwidth? How's the crosstalk from XMIT can to RCV can? LO have enuf stability for SAR? Next step = digital downconvert to I&Q
Thank God we have people that can explain this to you in 45 minutes and be bored by having to do it...
In his voice... dont you know you should already know this... bored sigh.... sigh again from him...
+1 nerds
On the other hand, this could be my first you tube video that doesn't assume we are idiots.
Do you habe idea about gpr radsr systems?
@9.50 "Magically Shifts that signal" Don't you mean modulates?
Damn I loved this video. Very good and rare video. Nice.
May i hv the source data ？
At 9:50 he described how AM transmissions work, not FM...
What he described is how a superheterodynes mixer works in a simple to digest way...depending on if you use a sample from the output of the demodulator to feed an AFC that would control the Local Oscillator(FM) or if the sample was fed to the IF amps with an AGC to add amplitude to the signal(AM) the would determine if it was AM(Amplitude Modulation) or FM(Frequency Modulation)....and in this case the ramp generator varies the frequency not the amplitude. So I'm pretty certain it is in fact an FM device. Your home stereo uses a superheterodyne and mixes the modulating signal with the local Oscillator in the same way regardless of AM or FM setting, the changes occur after the mixer.
Is there any possibility that you can help me. I've been working on with a project similar kind of stuff related to RADAR. If possible please share a source to contact you. It would be great if you help me and get inspired. Please do support.
Why not using a Microwave oven magnetron as an emitter to get a way more powerful wave emitted? Range will be better
Bc the FCC will come a'knocking
Now this would look wonderful mounted on a chaser vehicle. Sadly I bet Radar radiation is highly regulated here in Russia. Otherwise we might have created an alternative to the Gvmt. monopoly on those darn closed Doppler radars, as well as help save lives and property!
It’s the same in the states
Why has MIT not created an at-home mesh network for free internet?
@@imdifferentMr843 Are you going to recommend an actual academic next time or are you limited to lunatics?
wow seeing that image of the capital and knowing that it came from radar, is a little bit creepy. it just shows how easy it is for the government to watch what your doing 24/7
Outclass pedagogy, Incredible Explanation.
when a narcissist, self-appointed magician and shaman exhibits how much science he has swallowed and can defecate...
Are there any related journal articles for this?
Hey for the people watching this too if you can help me out the topic related to ground penetrating radar
Hello, a radar is an active emitting device. For that, you need a license. Unless you are operating in the ISM band, and then only in the US only.
TY for this vid! Nice work! Good talking, no shit, in name of all engineers: thank you
@godimath still the first com!
Good thinking to build your proper radar but know how is works don`t said that you are Engineer but you are holy a constructor
MIT is a fucking great university
WOW i always dreamt to build my own radar !@#!@ :D
Is he one of the coffee can radar professors?
No he is an MIT student doing a presentation on one of his assignments that he is passionately interested in that can be cheaply reproduced with out an MIT degree!
I'm in the process of making my own GSR...my head hurts lol.
Good topic. Bad reverb. To much echo. Not the speakers fault.
1) definitely, but someone has to design the damn thing (microwave RF is a bit of woo-doo magic...)
2) technically yes, it could measure in smaller steps, but practically it all depends on the precision of the frequency capture...
Also, components would be far more expensive and a lot harder to get...2,4 GHz components (namely amplifiers) are cheap and available...
😊
Batman used this one time
An eletric engineer migth do whatever thing that an eletronic would.
20:30 before he says anything of value. Skip ahead and save yourself a shitload of time.
oof cool guy alert
fuck you bro
It gets more techical at 20:30 but they're some interesting parts before, especially the fourrier transform
Hah, "license."
Is it going to calm you down if I tell you that this technology is accessible to normal citizens. Well normal radio enthusiasts :)
I would hate to be in his class lol.
No demonstration...
first view and com
RADAR
Radio
Asimuth
Direction
And
Range
Talks talks futile talks. I just want to built a small radar
Knock knock! FBI is here
huh?
This dude has got some mouth on him
Blabbermouth