The Federal Eagle
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- Опубликовано: 15 окт 2024
- That strange creature used to represent Germany is, in fact, an eagle. Here's its (very condensed) history.
Music:
"Style Funk" and "Hot Swing"
by Kevin MacLeod incompetech.com/
Creative Commons Attribution licence
Graphics by:
Heralder & Tom Lemmens
Ssolbergj
David Liuzzo
Sodacan
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I love that Germany has rules you are allowed to break. It's like a common sense clause. If something is obviously not a problem, then why make it one?
I wish that mindset would be applied to a higher extent.
If your are legally allowed to break the rule then, legally, you aren't breaking the rule.
The realty is, people break the law constantly and it is mostly unnoticed or ignored. In countries like the USA only one in a million violations of the law are ever prosecuted.
@@lonestarr1490 👻😂👍👻👏🤓😂🤓🤣🤓🤣🤓🤓🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
@tuschman168 I don't see that as "common-sensical " at all. IMO, common sense would be not to have such a rule in the first place. However, given the stereotypical German penchant for rules, it is understandable for Germany to have unnecessary rules that are never enforced just for the sake of having rules.😀
Dieser Moment wenn ein Brite dir die deutsche Geschichte erklärt...
man könnte drüber diskutieren ob er bei allem richtig liegt.. aber nee keine lust :D
Es gibt ein super Buch von einem Britten, das heißt "Germania". Absolut empfehlenswert. Von aussen sieht man manchmal mehr.
Dann erkläre ich mal den Briten ihre Geschichte! ;-)
Don't you realize that perhaps he explains German history to the rest of the world?
Du wirst überrascht sein, wie wenig Geschichtsschreibung mit der Nationalität und wieviel mit guter Quellenkenntnis zu tun hat. Du kannst das übrigens auch: Wetten dass Du nach einem Tag intensiver Recherche einen Beitrag darüber schreiben kannst, wie aus dem Haus Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha plötzlich die Windsors wurden, für die seit gefühlt hundert Jahren Lizzy auf dem Thron sitzt?
Das beste Buch, dass ich je über den Beginn des Ersten Weltkriegs gelesen habe stammt von Christopher Clark ("Die Schlafwandler"), und von den letzte Tagen im Führerbunker erfahren wir am genauesten aus den Aufzeichnungen des britischen Geheimdienstoffizier Major Oughton, hinter dem sich Hugh Trevor-Roper verbirgt, später Oxford-Professor für Zeitgeschichte.
Wahrscheinlich ist der in England hoch gehaltene Sinn für Fairness keine schlechte Voraussetzung, um über Geschichte zu schreiben.
The eagle of the German Confederation in 1815 was chosen because it was a well known symbol of the old empire and therefore Germany, not the quite new Austrian Empire. Which by the way continued a fashion of Austrian rulers to create titles by themselves, like "Archduke".
And there is the Bundestag chicken...
Yes, where is the "Fette Henne"?
KruegerleDE ever seen the abomination the Bundesweer sometimes has at some bases. The Fette Henne looks really great in comparison....
I know it as "Pleitegeier"
Also sometimes called the "Pleitegeier" ("bankruptcy vulture")
It looks like a cross between a chicken and a cheese grater.
Happens to me all the time, seeing a German flag with some chicken-logo on it and wondering if I am in a stadium full of drunks or in the holy halls of the Innenministerium.
Thank you for sharing your knowledge with us. I shared this on my Google+ page. Your videos are always interesting and professionally presented too!
Interesting video. Even as a German I was able to learn something new. THX
PS: Next you can maybe explain the cross (schwarzes Kreuz), which the Bundeswehr is using?
Its the iron cross.
It is the cross of the crusaders Teutonic Knights (der Deutsche Orden). Later Prussia take it as there shield. The model of the Bundeswehr is Prussia and they have there shield. With the revolution against the occupation of Napoleon Prussia make his first mass medal - the iron cross.
comsubpac it’s not, it’s a Tatzenkreuz
„wenn man keine Ahnung hat, einfach mal Fresse halten“ - Dieter Nuhr
@@Asgar1205 ; Es ist beides. Ein eisernes Kreuz in Tatzenform.
@@Asgar1205 Es ist das Eiserne Kreuz, entworfen von Schinkel nach dem Vorbild des Tazenkreuzes..
I enjoy every video that you make man! keep it up!
Thank you for clarifying the difference of the coat of arms and the shield - both in appearance and in legal status!
The coat of arms has been the fully wrapped symbol of a ruler or noble man with a reference to all his possessions and noble rights and duties. The shield was just the short version for tournaments, seals, church bench emblems, etc..
German noble coat of arms eg contain a crown and and by counting the serrates of the coronet you can identify the nobility rank. A dynastic Reichsfreiherr (Imperial Baron - no service nobility) coronet had 5 serrates, and above like Duke, Earl or Prince 9 serrates. Only a King or Emperor had a cross on the top of the crown.
Und dann gab es da noch die Fette Henne.
Das ist die Kanzlerin, die macht was ganz anderes.
Du meinst den Pleitegeier
Never too old to learn from an Englishmen! 😃
It's a abstract symbol, however the German eagle is the northern german sea-eagle (Seeadler) not to confuse with similar looking alpine stone-eagle (Steinadler).
That's wrong. The national bird of Germany is the golden eagle (= Steinadler)
@@eljanrimsa5843Now I wonder whether the eagle was first adopted under the northern or southern dynasties (Ottonian Saxons or Staufen Swabians?)
@@deutschermichel5807 Otto did already use it, though not so prominent, and the Staufer formally adopted it, especially Friedrich Barbarossa.
Thank you for making this video
Is there anything Germany related you are not an expert on?
It is called research.
Do Germans really get embarrassed when non-German knows more about Germany than Germans themselves?
Super Erklärung! Vielen Dank dafür.
Nicely made up! Daumen hoch :)
Just found the Nazis' eagle (looking more like the "modern" Roman one) and today's Austrian eagle (also having only one head, but being more fluffy than the german) to be missing to the whole story!
You should have added that the eagle of the German parliament (Bundestag) is not that skinny as the ones you mentioned but a pretty obese one instead... probably due to its diet (special German term for the payment you receive as a member of parliament as well)! 😂
Funny how I as a German citizen learn more about Germany from (English speaking) you than from others
3:48 Steroids, not even once!
xd
Hello! A hornbill bird flew in my house on my engagement 💍 day, and i kinda make this hornbill bird as my family crests, will it be proper to do it.
Patreon Squad here! *confetti*
Nice research. However, the not always 100% correct Wikipedia states this:
"The state of Prussia developed from the State of the Teutonic Order. The original flag of the Teutonic Knights had been a black cross on a white flag. Emperor Frederick II in 1229 granted them the right to use the black Eagle of the Holy Roman Empire. This "Prussian Eagle" remained the coats of arms of the successive Prussian states until 1947."
The "Norddeutsche Bund" was in fact Prussia+, so it makes sense to assume they simply took the Prussian eagle, no matter what Austria would do. At least this is what I remember from school, which was 40 years ago :)
Thanks again for the Video.
That both Prussia and the Empire used a black eagle, was probably a nice bonus from a Prussian perspective. But it wasn't just the Prussian eagle but a revival of the old Imperial eagle. The Norddeutsche Bund didn't use any eagle but only the black-white-red colours; the eagle returned only 1871, and they were quite careful as to preserve the illusion that that was a voluntary confederation and not just Prussia taking over.
Na ja, Preußen war technisch gesehen der Nachfolger der Markgrafschaft von Brandenburg. Nur die Region "Preussen" liegt/lag auf Teilen des ehemaligen Reichs der Deutschritter.
Yes, but squeezing 2,000 years of history into four and a half minutes isn't easy. I honestly didn't have time to mention Prussia, and had to gloss over that part -- as I glossed over many parts.
Und Brandenburg war immer größer und wichtiger als das vergleichsweise rückständige Preußen. Allerdings durfte es im HRR keine Könige neben dem Kaiser geben. Dies wurde dann umgangen in dem sich der Markgraf von Brandenburg (habe vergessen welcher), gegen eine nette Zahlung natürlich, die Genehmigung vom Kaiser geholt hat sich zum König _in_ Preußen krönen zu dürfen. Außerhalb Preußens durfte er den Königstitel nicht tragen. Natürlich hat das bald keinen mehr interessiert und im Laufe der Zeit wurde so aus dem Namen einer Provinz der Name für den gesamten preußischen Staat.
Ich frage mich ja ob GRR Martin diesen Hintergrund kennt, da es dort auch King _in_ the North heißt.
Wenn wir schon, als gute Deutsche, beim Klugsch...en sind: "es durfte keine Könige geben" stimmt nicht ganz. Der König von Böhmen war ein paar Jahrhunderte lang einer der Kurfürsten des Reiches. Nur einen _neuen_ König zu machen, ohne daß die anderen Fürsten auch sowas kriegten, das war nicht drin.
Much more than the continuation of the Roman empire the term "Holy Roman" refers to the Kaiser's status being "by grace of God" and "certified" by the pope in Rome, so to say. This justification was immensely important for the balance of powers. Just look at England, it didn't take long after Henry VII's rejection of papal supremacy until the divine right of kings (dei gratia) was questioned and the English Civil Wars broke out. In the long run it was good for democracy but from the perspective of the aristocracy and the preservation of power it was a mistake.
I have a German flag with a federal eagle on it on the front of my car. I thought when you had the flag and the eagle on that flag it was a symbol of the German military am i wrong
about that ?
Hey rewboss, do you have any tips or programs/wesbites for learning German without going to Germany. Thanks
Try duolingo to start.
I suppose you could always give Rewboss' former sponsor Lingoda a go.
Can you make a video on the Austrian egale aswell since it is very different in design and also slightly different in meaning
Best nickname I heard for the eagle was "Pleitegeier"
And there are many other eagles, some of them are called the "fat chicken" (funnily, it's those that decorate the plenary chamber's wall).
As far as I know the Fette Henne is the one in Bonn not the one in Berlin.
But the one in Berlin also looks rather fat ;)
As far as i know, the german king was never crowned. He was just elected by the electors. There is no german kingly crown, in no museum.
And from the 16 th century, the electors elected the Kaiser. No more need to travel to rome and get the kaiser crown from the pope.
The federal shield eagle looks like it is choked ....no wonder normal people are not allowed to show it :D
What authority is represented by the double-headed eagle in light of the fact that many countries in the world use it to this day?
Could you suggest a bibliography from which I can read some information about the origins of this symbol?
About the double headed eagle in the HRE. I heard your hypothesis before but other than one depiction of emperor Sigismund I using both the double headed and single headed version to show off both titles I don't see any evidence for it. The double eagle just replaced the single headed one in the following centuries.
It was likely just copied from the Byzantine Empire who also changed their design to a double-headed eagle some time before.
So when flying the flag, which way is the Bundesadler supposed to be facing? Because I'v e heard arguments about it facing left to reflect upon the past, and I've heard arguments about it facing the right to look forward towards a bright future
Well, there isn't any symbolism about "looking to the future" or "reflecting on the past". But also, in heraldry, left and right are reversed: originally, the designs were supposed to go on shields, so "left" and "right" (or, in heraldic terminology, "sinister" and "dexter") are from the perspective of the shield-bearer.
So the German eagle looks to its right, which is your left.
There are, though, three examples of an eagle looking to its left (your right): one painted on the ceiling of the assembly hall of the Mürwik Naval Academy (so that it is looking towards the sea), one in the former military court in Kassel, and one at the entrance to Villa Hammerschmidt, one of the president's official residences (it was originally one of two that were either side of a gate).
Of course, since you can see a flag from both sides, "left" and "right" make less sense. In that case, the eagle looks towards the hoist -- that is, the flagpole.
the party eagle of the NSDAP looked the other way. Leading to the weird situation that one Version of the Reichsadler is perfectly legal until it faces the "wrong" way.
3:47 does the look like its reaching climax or is it just me?
Germany, where there are rules on which rules you are allowed to break
There has been some speculation that the stylisation of the bird on the South Australian state flag was inspired by the Imperial German heraldic eagle. www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/au-sa.html
... also known as the "Pleitegeier" ;)
You forgot one "federal" eagle. the Eagle in the Bundestag/Parlament has 8 feathers on each side. One for each Bundesland/State
And what about the one on the coins? Which one is that?
Doch wieder nicht umsonst aufgestanden heute. :D
In all that, you didn't mention Prussia, unless that was included in your "North German Confederation -- I won't go there" comment. :) Interesting, I always thought that the middle stripe was orange, because (to me) it look orange in comparison to the black, white, and red flag of the German Empire. That red looked more red to me. Now I'm wondering if they both have the same RGB values and the "orangeness" is just an illusion? Alas, that would entail more research than I have the ambition to do....
Hey - du hast den Mett Eagle vergessen
I did my 23&me dna thing and it said I'm German so I ordered a bunch of shirts with the German flag with the eagle on it and wanted to know the history thanks!
The roman eagle is the symbol of the god jupiter and the Holy roman empire of the german nations, as it was called by others thought themselves as successors of the roman empire through the notion of the translation imperii based on the four empire theory from the book of Daniel.
Very true. Normally I'm the one making that point in the comments :D
It wasnt called that by others (only). The foundations of the empire laid down by Otto I. were called "Regnum Teutonicum".
And I think it was probably also one of the very few "Countrys" that actually had a true reason to call themselves roman succesors, since the city actually was within their original borders. Unlike it was the case with the ottomans for example.
"Holy Roman Empire" was the official name since the 13th century. The "Regnum Teutonicum" was just the German speaking part of it which was called the kingdom of East Francia before.
"And I think it was probably also one of the very few "Countrys" that actually had a true reason to call themselves roman succesors, since the city actually was within their original borders. Unlike it was the case with the ottomans for example."
Well, the capital of the Roman Empire was Constantinople since Constantine the Great. That's where the actual Roman emperors were up until the 15th century when the Turks conquered it. So, they kinda do have a claim on being Rome's successor.
Also the city of Rome wasn't part of the Holy Roman Empire but the Papal states.
when i met some of the bundeswehr they were flying the flag with the federal eagle on it so i assume the military is allowed to do it aswell
Yes, because the military is a federal organization.
@@knutritter461 thanks for the confirmation 3 years later XD
The Eagle symbolizes Europe's strength
The federal shield eagle looks like it has far too much steroids.
Also, my preferred name for the federal eagle is "Bundesbräuler". ^^
Wenn, dann "Bundesbroiler", was eine Anspielung an den Namen des Brathähnchens im Sprachraum der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik (Broiler) ist.
The double headed eagle represented the power over church and state. You also see this by what the eagle is holding. The emperor was the only one who had to be crowned by the pope.
Pretty sure the German Confederation chose the double headed eagle as a direct call back to the HRE, not Austria. The very purpose of the German Confederation was to reinstall the HRE in some way.
Btw. the Federal Shield: A Body Builder Federal Eagle :-)
Maybe you should have also mention how the Prussian flag and symbol were also a single headed black eagle.
That was a different heraldic symbol though. Prussia used an ascending Eagle.
There is no image
Why didn't you talk about the imperial eagle from Nazi Germany? You could censor out the swastika if that was the problem, but it had a very different design to the others.
That would be a subject for a video all by itself.
I see, I just thought it was given a redesign, didn't know there was more behind it then that.
As an historian I have to say, the middle ages were not confusing! That is the good old "Dark Age" bashing all over again... :)
Then you should know that the Dark Ages are not the Middle Ages.
The confusion comes from people wanting to keep the constant mythology about the Middle Ages.
+Petra Meyer
That's part of what makes'em so darrrrrrrk^^
Well, that depens... When do you think the Middle Ages start? I say with the End of the Roman Empire in western Europe, but you could argue that the Middle Ages start with Charlemagne, neither of them is false if you can make a good argument.
Medieval history is confusing to many because they automatically apply modern notions of states and nations to the Middle Ages and afterwards wonder what the hell they were thinking back then. (How can two states be at war when they are part of a common Empire? How can someone be a sovereign king and a vassal to another king (or even several) at the same time? How can a clusterf*** of small territories like some parts of the HRE be a viable system of government?) That's quite foreign to a modern non-historian, and therefore confusing.
people in Sweden and america be like: "I'm a simple guy, I see eagle I think 'Nazism'"
well an eagle without a bald head anyways, but yea
US of America as an eagle, too... so ? ;))
thierryf67 BALD EAGLE ha ha
the current ruling empire of the world uses the eagle, Egypt, Rome, Holy Roman Empire, France, 3rd Reich and now USA... that's why i started looking it up, seems a conspiracy theory should be around someone
Americans "see eagle and think it's Nazism"?? Bullshit. You are just projecting. The Bald Eagle is the seal of USA.
Quite confusing, that Bundespräsident, Bundestag, Bundesrat, Bundesverfassungsgericht and Bundesministerien have all different eagles.
Even more exist. The Generalinspekteur has one too.
wait are you even allowed to show that "illegal" map in a video?
What map?
Probably flag.
It's not illegal, you are just not allowed to fly it.
Just don't put one in you garden or some other place people can see it. On the other hand even if you do most of the time it will be ignored anyway.
I missed the role when the eagle becomes the "Kuckuck"...
also: when it comes to football, Germany tends to let basically everything slide
One brake to rule them all, no?
You forgot the three headed Eagle XD
A rule you are allowed to break??? What is this, Italy??? )
the holy roman empire was great, at its end it wasnt holy or roman and not empire in the normal definition.
Another trivia, this is a Seeadler not a Steinadler.
Petra Meyer Are you sure? It seems counterintuitive for the Austrians to choose an eagle from northern Germany instead of Austria.
Petra Meyer Oh I just looked it up and there are a few "Seeadler" in Austrian territory and it is the one on the coat of arms. Seems really weird to me though.
Maybe because Seeadler are bigger than Steinadler. :)
Petra Meyer And Elephants are much bigger. They aren't really common on European coat of arms though. I think I shouldn't have looked where they live now and just assumed they would have lived just there over half a millenia ago.
As far as I know its just an Eagle.
As far as i know you can't use the german flag with the coat of arms on boats, thats illegal! It have to be the the flag!
i thought that the eagle represents the sight of the germanic god wotan , his will , his magic
So, why would Christian rulers in the middle ages should have taken a symbol that represents a pagan god?
ich dachte der zweiköpfige adler steht für ausdehnung nach west und ost, weil sich z.b. Russland und Österreich-Ungarn eben weit in ost-west-richtung ausdehnen...also zumindest bei den Russen war das ein Motiv, die Verbindung der Kontinente Europa und Asien
Der russische Adler leitet sich ab vom Wappen der byzantinischen (bzw. Oströmischen) Kaiser.
Die byzantinischen Herrscher wollten durch den Doppeladler ihren grundsätzlichen Herrschaftsanspruch auf beide Reichsteile des ehemaligen "Imperium Romanum" Ausdruck verleihen.
Richtig. Und die Deutschen kopierten den Stil. Die Erklärung, dass der einköpfige Adler für das Königtum, der Doppelköpfige für das Kaisertum stehe, verkennt, dass es nie so benutzt wurde. Der Doppelköpfige hatte den Einköpfigen einfach abgelöst.
but..... didn't you just show that government only allowed eagle here???
You are not allowed to _use_ it.
but he just did use it
So what, he's not German. He can also show Swasticas all over the place.
Also, it is allowed to show it for educational purposes.
i am sorry to interrupt, but one of the main reasons for the existance of the holy roman empire of the german nation was the misbelief that the 4th reich would bring some kind of apocalypse...
so the people were very keen on not to open up more reichs than necessary to build their kind of society.
The apocalypse came with the 3rd Reich.
Hello
Prussian Eagle>Federal Eagle
"Social acceptability"... you could make a video about that because it throws up many questions because if it becomes socially acceptable to break the rules, do rules still mater?!
the reason is: west and east Germany has the same flag. So they need a different. In East Germany it is the sign with hammer and circle as part of the flag. The People in West Germany takes the eagle to make the different. The broken law is a result of the cold war.
Frank-Peter Mischnik The eagle isn't in the national flag but in the special flag of state institutions.
The notion is rather as long as you don't treat the flag with the coat of arms in a disrespectful manner, it is tolerated by the authorities, even if you use the flag with the federal shield. Or in short: Behave and you are fine, if not, here is your fine and we'll take the flag.
Ah, the Austrian Empire only to come to an end in 1861 *cough* Austro-Hungarian compromise of 1861 which was basically the formation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire *cough*
Nicht so, Augleich war von 1867.
Ah, I did not know thanks for correcting me as I would never have known again thank you for the correction. ;)
The interweaving of Austrian and German history is quite complex, and is likely to go beyond the scope of the video.
cough: The Austro-Hungarian compromise, known as the so-called "Ewige Ausgleich", came about in 1867:cough
Huh, looks like I need to beef up my European History. Also thanks for telling me the correct date I really appreciate it :).
Old eagles were better
have a eagle of Prussia
One thing that baffles me a lot about this is obviously the eagle is a symbol of great strength, n being where Hitler and the Nazi party was, I t would seem as though the Nazis would not have liked having a black eagle but would have instead preferred a white eagle, more like the one of Poland ?
The National Socialists took up pseudo-historical arguments from the 19. Century, and built them into their propaganda. According to this logic they saw themselves as the true heirs and bearers of the german ancestry and legacy. The eagle served as a link between the "great" past and the National Socialist future. But in order to emphasize modernity and future-oriented, the eagle was redesigned into a more abstract form. This was intended to illustrate the Nation's rise, and it's claim to power.
Drakon ok thanks but why did the nazis allow the symbol to be a black eagle rather than a white eagle representing white power? Know what I mea?
The black eagle has been the symbol of German kings and emperors and the symbol of the german empire for hundreds of years. The Kingdom of Prussia also had a black eagle in its coat of arms. Changing the color would be too big a break with tradition and would have irritated many Germans and offended the conservatives. The black eagle symbolise a red line which connects the "old" medieval german Kingdom with Prussia and the new Kingdom of 1871 and consequently with the 3rd Reich. This also includes the claim to the position of a major European power, in the tradition of the great German kingdoms in the past.
Drakon wow Drakon your very knowledgeable in this area. Are you Of German descent?
I think the Roman eagle is cooler
Warum ist der „kaiserlich“ österreichische Doppeladler gold bewährt? Der römisch-deutsche ist immerzu rotbewährt.
I have got one, so i am technically a criminal!
you show the 5 wing eagle, but there is also a 6 wing eagle.. but are used today..
Watch the video again...
You definitely should have mentioned the "Fette Henne (fat hen)" of the old Bundestag. Not sure whether it is the same in the Reichstag now, but the eagle in the Bundestag of the old (you are right, GDR is wrong) FRG was a fat and silly looking bird. It symbolized with his odd look the peacefull modern germany in a sharp contrast to the aggressive german reichs before.
mkmm60 “eagle of the old GDR“ ...wtf?
Are you sure you don't confuse the German countries? The GDR was East Germany and didn't use any Eagle.
Yes, yes, yes. I meant the democratic one.
Black Holy Roman Empire 🤔
Your pullover is so confusing. I have pulled the laces from all my hoodies. And here you are wearing a hoodless hoodie. Fashion is weird.
Mein Gott, Deutsche Regeln in allem.
Is it related to nazis
it's not. It's the exact same design used during the Weimar years.
the nazis used entirely different styled eagle....
...und ich dachte immer das is n Storch.
LOL
Bring back the swostica
Complete Rubbish 😂OMG the double headed eagle represents Christendom.One eagle head faces West to the Latin Roman Church and the other faces East to the Byzantine Church or Eastern Orthodox Church. It has nothing to do with the titles of kings 😒
Where did you get this gem of information from? Why would the Roman Catholic Church, following the Schism, even want to recognize the legitimacy of the Orthodox Church?
Because obviously it predates the Schism that's why the Holy Roman Emperors adopt it as their standard because the Holy Roman Emperor was above the papacy.
fahne
Germany
🇩🇪
Swastika is my favourite symbol and or flag of ze Duetchland.
Whenever I encounter 'rewboss' I can fill a seaworthy container with puking.
the not holy not romen not empire
Voltaire was right.
Most overused quote ever.
Historically Germany is the rightful heir to the original Roman empire. Of course that doesn't mean anything in 2017.
Voltaire have not meaned the empire before 1300, but the empire during his time
"the not holy not roman not empire"
Und was ist "groß" an Großbritannien?
Irgendjemand musste ja das Erbe der Römer antreten...
"The Holy Roman Empire - which was not holy, not Roman, and not an empire."
Katharina H well it was an empire. But not holy and not really roman.
Katharina H From the 10th to the middle of the 13th c. the German kings and emperors were the dominant rulers in Europe. Nobody doubted that. After Interregnum the German princes didn't want a strong ruler entitled to inheritence anymore. They favoured ruling their principalities and exploitation of population and economic growth to dominance in Europe and conquest of even more countries. Nethertheless being regarded the strongest realm and having the strongest and most warlike people in Europe the Empire survived for several more centuries without developing effective institutions.
Said Voltaire in the late 18th century when it barely existed...
he was wrong, at least for the high medieval period.
I think you forgot the version of the eagle, that was used between 35-45