This guy is excellent. He's not trying to deliver flashy sound bite edutainment, unlike another popular RUclips chem series I've shown in my highschool chem class. Just concise, elequently presented lessons that enrich already interesting yet difficult topics requiring clarification for most students.
I go to a very rigorous school, but can I just say that Mr. Anderson has helped me raise my grade two letters and actually I've been beginning to like Chemistry when I couldn't even keep my eyes open before in my hour long classes. Thank you Mr. Anderson! And people who like CrashCourse are just blinded by their graphics and designing, they lack clarity unlike every single Bozeman Science video.
I tried a chem textbook. I tried google. I tried other sources. This one was the only one that made it obvious what entropy is. Thank You Bozeman Science.
You are the cheapest tutor ever, and you don't make me feel like an idiot when you talk! Thank you so much for your videos. I will owe you big time when I get that passing grade on my Chem test in the morning. I've watched quite of your videos about these subjects. THANK YOU.
Excellent video! Entropy is so confusing to my students and this is the first video I have found that does a good job explaining it without oversimplifying a complex concept. Thank you!
Where it gets confusing is when either religious or "black swan" physicists are over-interpreting the expression (entropy) into various forms of abstractions. Entropy is essentially thermo-"mechanical". That is, every locality of energy will always have to move into where it can move to (automatically). Thus, you will have a local "heat death"(see the Laws of thermodynamics) in a house when you open doors between cold and warmer rooms. After a while all rooms have the same temperature, with the exception that it is often a bit colder near to the ground then just under the roof. This is because heat (a type of photonic energy) is repelled by gravitational bodies.
Okay, just want to say this actually helped me so much. I've had a substitute teacher for the past month and she tried to teach us this, I think but I really didn't know what was going on until I watched this. So thank you so much!!!
I'm taking intro to BIo... and haven't taken a science course in over a decade. I don't know what i would do without these videos! They are great... thanks so much!
You're videos are soo helpful. I am taking Biology in College after being out of school for 10+ years and they are the only reason I can understand anything in this class. Thank you so much!
Thank you so much! I appreciate all the different examples given and the pictures as well. Entropy is such a complicated concept because you have to remember so many factors that increase it but everything made sense!
thanks for simplifying that. i am always amazed at your ability to simplify and elucidate the most complex of concepts. it's always a good start before I start to deepen my understanding on something. thank you for the great video!
Thanks from Mendeleev Chemistry University! It's a bit complicate to understand all that chemistry, there is a lot of it, your videos are incredibly helpful for me
Wow I never understood this concept because it was always taught to me as the amount of chaos that has occurred. You explained this very well, and I commend your decision to take a year off and make more of these videos :D
The only reason I could tell the ball example was A is the shadow of his hand rolling it in the background. Is there another way to determine in which of the two videos the ball is rolling in the correct direction?
Most Chemists don’t need much more than this. Good. Worthwhile emphasising though, that the entropy change often being discussed here is the entropy change of the reacting system. You swop from reacting to isolated systems and that might confuse some students. Making qualitative predictions about the net entropy change of an isolated system is not always straightforward. For example, when a saturated solution spontaneously precipitates, the reaction system undergoes a drop in entropy but the isolated system undergoes an increase. Finally, avoid connecting entropy changes with disorder. Overall though, a helpful video and thank you for preparing it.
No system are however literally isolated. So there is always a degree of isolation (energy density). "Spontaneous" is not an actual condition or event, only apparently so. All energy and matter is always in continuous motion.
we can decrease entropy in an isolated system by Increasing the entropy of the universe around the object within the isolated system you mean? At 4:20, could you clarify that just a little bit?
if you change the water example, which is all pure substances, to a solution that breaks up into gases with more moles, is that a decrease in entropy instead? my notes say a solution has higher entropy than pure substances, even if the solution is a solid.
I was hoping you would talk about Reversible Processes. You mentioned cases where Entropy (delta S) in the certain process could decrease, but in this, the Entropy is a certain other system around did increase. Would this yield a net of 0 or a positive net? I remember in processes, Entropy would either increase or not change. Are there even any truely reversible processes?
what is missing here is the saying that entropy is non physical, but mathematical entity coming from the relation TS and it only makes sense together with a Temperature as opposite to the Temperature event, i. e. if T increases then S decreases when everything else is fixed like N or V since those extensive variables are related to space rather than to time like in the case of intensive variables
So statisticly, within x amount of time, all particles and energy in the universe will be dispursed equally and no kind of reactions can occur? The entropy will be maximum?
Not necessarily. Since will be no translational motion or traveling of particles, you cannot tell what value of Entropy will be...it can be any value including minimum and maximum (it depends on the previous time moment since only averages make sense - T on each x, y, z directions and P averages these 3 directions one more time)...T=0 doesn't mean that energy of the particle is = 0, since it can rotate or vibrate forever and at any rate...Entropy =1 when exists only translational motion (elastic impacts) or when rotational+vibrational=const. Entropy > 1 is in the case when rotational+vibrational increasing and 0 < Entropy < 1 when decreasing.
Dispersal is more intuitive vs The number of possible arrangements of things or a tendency towards disorder. The latter two examples are impenetrable to my mind but disperal...Bam! I got it!
To sum up T is and average velocity of 1 particle of mass m (average impulse), and it is obtained by measuring volume of these particles at P=const since increased average velocity expands the stuff consisting of these particles. Entropy comes into being only when the averaged velocity is not linear with changes in Volume (or Pressure - whoever is fixed, can be both not fixed but then it is impossible to attribute changes due to each) and in this case energy is being consumed on rotational and vibrational motions of that particle not only on translational motion (same is truth when some chemical reactions are happening and in this case average impulses will change too and number of particles). VdW or London dispersion interactions (or the change in molecular conformation) will contribute in to changes of those 3 types of particle motion and will be felt in this way.
another important feature that is missed here is the all driving force (or field which produces this force): if force is due to T (simple mechanical force or inertion force that is produced due to the electomagnetostatic field on impact), then one set of thing is going on, but if you have gravitational field or attractive (to Earth) force, then another set of things is going on and so any intermediate or mixed states.
"Field" of force = the regional totality of particle interactions, and other particle mechanics (such as vibration, spin). Magnetism, charge, radiowaves and gravity are not fundamentals of nature in a literal sense. They are expressions for how a group of particles operate within a certain area of space.
I thought the video was excellent but I'm still confused because after reading about the fate of the universe the professor claimed that once all the stars had used up their energy and burnt out, the entropy would be at a maximum because now the universe is filled with useless energy. So I have a problem understanding worthwhile as opposed to useless energy. It just seems like double-talk. Also when I think of conserving anything it means I will always have it and I wonder if rather than saying that energy and matter are always conserved wouldn't it be better to say that energy and matter are always accounted for. One last thing. Considering E=mc2^ wouldn't in terms of entropy mean that the process is irreversible so that mass is not equal to E/c2^.
Bob O Entropy does not make E = Mc^2 invalid. E = Mc^2 means that mass can be converted into energy and the reverse is also true. In order to make mass turn into energy, energy must be expended to start the reaction. An example in fission. Energy naturally creates chaos because it excites matter which makes atoms move farther away from each other. In order to turn energy into mass a reaction such as fussion occurs. Fussion takes chaotic particles such as hydrogen and fuses them together to make a more complex structure. Energy is released in the procees which is an equal to or a greater amount of chaos than what amount of organization that was created. To sum it up, if an organized structure is created than an equal or greater amount of chaos is the result.
What about the effect of gravity on entropy. The second law of thermodynamics states: "In any cyclic process, the entropy will either increase or remain the same." Entropy is a measure of the disorder or multiplicity of a system, or the amount of energy not available to do work. For an isolated system, the natural course of events takes it to a more disordered and higher entropic state. Gravity, on the other hand, knows only attraction and therefore tends to keep things in an ordered state by keeping them close to each other and thus reducing the occupied volume as well as the possibilities of possible states, so it is could add a term to the famous Boltzmann formula being: E = K ln(W) - K f(g) where g is gravity and f() a function proportional to g and also f(0)=0. Perhaps its effect is so weak that it is very difficult to detect it. Well it's my humble opinion that it's probably wrong.
We know that more entropy means less useful work.........Can someone give me an example where the entropy increases and thus the useful work decreases?
Yes, I can give several examples: solar, wind and bio energy. They are high-entropy sources, thus causing a low efficieny for useful work (not a complete answer, but think the rest yourself).
As a beginner you only have to know that all flowing energy finally becomes heat at ambient temperature, the higest possible entropy on Earth (or on any planet with an atmosphere). At ambient temperature, we can't use it any more. This means that heat has dispersed, i.e. spread out over huge volumes, basically the whole Earth's atmosphere. The energy of solar, wind and bio (the sources) are already widely spread out, so we can't spread it out much more. This means low efficiency. i.e. we can use only a little of it. Solar energy is best, but not good enough, forget wind power and bio fuel.
There is an abuse of the idea of "order" here, an "ordered" stack of blocks doesn't necessarily have a higher entropy than a "disordered" stack of blocks, this is because "order", while some people find it an easy analogy, is a misleading idea for entropy. Entropy is about the number of ways that you can arrange the constituents of a system given the energy microstates of that system, which is not necessarily the same as the number of ways that you can spacially arrange the constituents of a system, at least not at the macro level. The idea of "order" is ONLY an analogy and that should be strenuously stressed. So when you say at 4:30 that entropy is "matter dispersal", that is false. While this seems to be true when you look at the microstate (at the atomic level), because the number of microstates available for a system are greater the more dispersed molecules are (because their kinetic energies are higher, not because the particles are actually further apart) and also the more complex the molecule is, it is not the case when you look at the macrostate. For instance, if you had some blocks like the ones you used in a disordered fasion, and then you use those same blocks but then you increase their temperature and then arrange them in an ordered fasion, then the "ordered" stack of blocks is going to have a higher entropy than the disordered blocks. I'm not the only one saying that order is a misleading idea to refer to entropy, there are scientists like Frank L. Lambert who insist on this, there is also a video by sixty symbols that addresses this concern. I hope you take it into consideration, and hope you keep making good educational videos.
![I.N "HALLUCINATION" | [Stray Kids : SKZ-PLAYER]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/n5B5q1Hwt_U/mqdefault.jpg)
This guy is excellent. He's not trying to deliver flashy sound bite edutainment, unlike another popular RUclips chem series I've shown in my highschool chem class. Just concise, elequently presented lessons that enrich already interesting yet difficult topics requiring clarification for most students.
xiocrafter Sound "byte"; as in bits and bytes of data
@@louf7178 I think so
Dude. That was absolutely not confusing and your graphics were so neat and organized. Thanks for your hard work; I understand entropy now! :)
Abby McIntyre ikr Bozeman is the BEST
I go to a very rigorous school, but can I just say that Mr. Anderson has helped me raise my grade two letters and actually I've been beginning to like Chemistry when I couldn't even keep my eyes open before in my hour long classes. Thank you Mr. Anderson! And people who like CrashCourse are just blinded by their graphics and designing, they lack clarity unlike every single Bozeman Science video.
Actually, the reason for not crying over spilled milk is that it's irreversible.
.....acceptance.
You have to spend more energy than zero to reverse the process. Just like you need energy to run a machine.
I tried a chem textbook. I tried google. I tried other sources. This one was the only one that made it obvious what entropy is. Thank You Bozeman Science.
You are the cheapest tutor ever, and you don't make me feel like an idiot when you talk! Thank you so much for your videos. I will owe you big time when I get that passing grade on my Chem test in the morning. I've watched quite of your videos about these subjects. THANK YOU.
+Najimdeen Adewuyi I don't understand how being cheap is a good thing?
Excellent video! Entropy is so confusing to my students and this is the first video I have found that does a good job explaining it without oversimplifying a complex concept. Thank you!
Where it gets confusing is when either religious or "black swan" physicists are over-interpreting the expression (entropy) into various forms of abstractions.
Entropy is essentially thermo-"mechanical". That is, every locality of energy will always have to move into where it can move to (automatically). Thus, you will have a local "heat death"(see the Laws of thermodynamics) in a house when you open doors between cold and warmer rooms. After a while all rooms have the same temperature, with the exception that it is often a bit colder near to the ground then just under the roof. This is because heat (a type of photonic energy) is repelled by gravitational bodies.
Okay, just want to say this actually helped me so much. I've had a substitute teacher for the past month and she tried to teach us this, I think but I really didn't know what was going on until I watched this. So thank you so much!!!
I'm taking intro to BIo... and haven't taken a science course in over a decade. I don't know what i would do without these videos! They are great... thanks so much!
You're videos are soo helpful. I am taking Biology in College after being out of school for 10+ years and they are the only reason I can understand anything in this class. Thank you so much!
Truely the best scientific channel
Thank you so much! I appreciate all the different examples given and the pictures as well. Entropy is such a complicated concept because you have to remember so many factors that increase it but everything made sense!
thanks for simplifying that. i am always amazed at your ability to simplify and elucidate the most complex of concepts. it's always a good start before I start to deepen my understanding on something. thank you for the great video!
yes, very helpful, better than the Crashcourse
yup! crashcourse means 'business'
+SkyfalconTin Sure, if you have a test in a few hours.
exactly...
i was just about to comment that his vids are better than crashcourse
ong crashcoruse is ass
Thanks from Mendeleev Chemistry University! It's a bit complicate to understand all that chemistry, there is a lot of it, your videos are incredibly helpful for me
Bravo! The most intuitive explanation of entropy 👏
This is your best video yet mate! Such a simple explanation thats easy to remember
Deep knowledge he has. It's my first time to understand on "entropy increasing maneuver".
I love you Mr. A! You make chem and bio easy to learn and can't thank you enough
OMG finally I understood this concept of entropy after 4 years!thank god!
Nice video Mr. Andersen. As always, great information in a tight little package.
Wow I never understood this concept because it was always taught to me as the amount of chaos that has occurred. You explained this very well, and I commend your decision to take a year off and make more of these videos :D
Best video on entropy I've seen. Nice job
best entropy vid on youtube.
The only reason I could tell the ball example was A is the shadow of his hand rolling it in the background. Is there another way to determine in which of the two videos the ball is rolling in the correct direction?
Thank you so much Mr. Anderson for this truly helpful video :-)
Most Chemists don’t need much more than this. Good. Worthwhile emphasising though, that the entropy change often being discussed here is the entropy change of the reacting system. You swop from reacting to isolated systems and that might confuse some students. Making qualitative predictions about the net entropy change of an isolated system is not always straightforward. For example, when a saturated solution spontaneously precipitates, the reaction system undergoes a drop in entropy but the isolated system undergoes an increase. Finally, avoid connecting entropy changes with disorder. Overall though, a helpful video and thank you for preparing it.
No system are however literally isolated. So there is always a degree of isolation (energy density). "Spontaneous" is not an actual condition or event, only apparently so. All energy and matter is always in continuous motion.
The best explanation for now
GREAT explanation!
I wish you were my teacher. You have helped me so much. You are so intelligent thank you for sharing your knowledge with wonderful videos :)
thanks alot, you are really helpful and you explain stuff really well...!!! so happy i found someone who actually teaches the right way. THANKS AGAIN
In a closed system the heat acts as air pressure and the lack of heat you have low pressure?
we can decrease entropy in an isolated system by Increasing the entropy of the universe around the object within the isolated system you mean? At 4:20, could you clarify that just a little bit?
What he means to say is that the entropy of a _ materially closed_ system can be decreased by increasing the entropy of its surroundings.
hey, i just wanted to say youre videos are really helpful! thank you so much!
How entropy increase with # of moles? Since u hav more moles it dsnt hv much space for disorder lik solid. Then why entropy increases?
Good job Mr Andersen!
if you change the water example, which is all pure substances, to a solution that breaks up into gases with more moles, is that a decrease in entropy instead? my notes say a solution has higher entropy than pure substances, even if the solution is a solid.
I was hoping you would talk about Reversible Processes. You mentioned cases where Entropy (delta S) in the certain process could decrease, but in this, the Entropy is a certain other system around did increase. Would this yield a net of 0 or a positive net? I remember in processes, Entropy would either increase or not change. Are there even any truely reversible processes?
Sir, you're a life saver huhu. Thanks a bunch!!!
what is missing here is the saying that entropy is non physical, but mathematical entity coming from the relation TS and it only makes sense together with a Temperature as opposite to the Temperature event, i. e. if T increases then S decreases when everything else is fixed like N or V since those extensive variables are related to space rather than to time like in the case of intensive variables
S=Q/T then how does increasing temperature increases entropy though they are inversely related?
Thanks for the upload. Fantastic videos as usual.
So statisticly, within x amount of time, all particles and energy in the universe will be dispursed equally and no kind of reactions can occur? The entropy will be maximum?
yes that is refered to as the big chill.
Not necessarily. Since will be no translational motion or traveling of particles, you cannot tell what value of Entropy will be...it can be any value including minimum and maximum (it depends on the previous time moment since only averages make sense - T on each x, y, z directions and P averages these 3 directions one more time)...T=0 doesn't mean that energy of the particle is = 0, since it can rotate or vibrate forever and at any rate...Entropy =1 when exists only translational motion (elastic impacts) or when rotational+vibrational=const. Entropy > 1 is in the case when rotational+vibrational increasing and 0 < Entropy < 1 when decreasing.
+Egidijus Kuprusevicius You got over my head quick, congratulations
Dispersal is more intuitive vs The number of possible arrangements of things or a tendency towards disorder. The latter two examples are impenetrable to my mind but disperal...Bam! I got it!
To sum up T is and average velocity of 1 particle of mass m (average impulse), and it is obtained by measuring volume of these particles at P=const since increased average velocity expands the stuff consisting of these particles. Entropy comes into being only when the averaged velocity is not linear with changes in Volume (or Pressure - whoever is fixed, can be both not fixed but then it is impossible to attribute changes due to each) and in this case energy is being consumed on rotational and vibrational motions of that particle not only on translational motion (same is truth when some chemical reactions are happening and in this case average impulses will change too and number of particles). VdW or London dispersion interactions (or the change in molecular conformation) will contribute in to changes of those 3 types of particle motion and will be felt in this way.
another important feature that is missed here is the all driving force (or field which produces this force): if force is due to T (simple mechanical force or inertion force that is produced due to the electomagnetostatic field on impact), then one set of thing is going on, but if you have gravitational field or attractive (to Earth) force, then another set of things is going on and so any intermediate or mixed states.
"Field" of force = the regional totality of particle interactions, and other particle mechanics (such as vibration, spin). Magnetism, charge, radiowaves and gravity are not fundamentals of nature in a literal sense.
They are expressions for how a group of particles operate within a certain area of space.
You are the best
A very well explanation
Thank you
I learned nicely from his clear explanation.
Excellent job😊
This hit the nail on the head for me! Thank yoU!
so lovely. thank goodness for people like you!
i love your videos. You always eexplain very goood
Great video, learnt a lot. 😃😃🙏🙏
Wish u have made AP phys videos :((((((( all ur videos are so helpful !
perfect for HBL week !
This video was very helpful ! thanks a lot
you are amazing. thank you so much for everything you do!
Very interesting video.
An understandable explanation
Was really helpful, thanks 😄 - subscribed -
Thumbs up all the way. really helpful
the salt from Crying over spilled milk could cause a black hole could it, not?
Thank you, Man ! you helped me a lot!
Please help
Can entropy be negative ??
Yes, life goes from a single cell to a highly ordered molecules of organism. Of course, scientists say that net entropy will still be positive if
Earlier, I was confused a lot about entropy but after watching your video I understood the concept of entropy
thanks so much! really clears things up:)
I thought the video was excellent but I'm still confused because after reading about the fate of the universe the professor claimed that once all the stars had used up their energy and burnt out, the entropy would be at a maximum because now the universe is filled with useless energy. So I have a problem understanding worthwhile as opposed to useless energy. It just seems like double-talk. Also when I think of conserving anything it means I will always have it and I wonder if rather than saying that energy and matter are always conserved wouldn't it be better to say that energy and matter are always accounted for. One last thing. Considering E=mc2^ wouldn't in terms of entropy mean that the process is irreversible so that mass is not equal to E/c2^.
Bob O Entropy does not make E = Mc^2 invalid. E = Mc^2 means that mass can be converted into energy and the reverse is also true. In order to make mass turn into energy, energy must be expended to start the reaction. An example in fission. Energy naturally creates chaos because it excites matter which makes atoms move farther away from each other. In order to turn energy into mass a reaction such as fussion occurs. Fussion takes chaotic particles such as hydrogen and fuses them together to make a more complex structure. Energy is released in the procees which is an equal to or a greater amount of chaos than what amount of organization that was created. To sum it up, if an organized structure is created than an equal or greater amount of chaos is the result.
This was really helpful :) thanks alot
Blessed science guy.
very help full, thanks
Thank you this really helps a lot
What about the effect of gravity on entropy. The second law of thermodynamics states: "In any cyclic process, the entropy will either increase or remain the same." Entropy is a measure of the disorder or multiplicity of a system, or the amount of energy not available to do work. For an isolated system, the natural course of events takes it to a more disordered and higher entropic state.
Gravity, on the other hand, knows only attraction and therefore tends to keep things in an ordered state by keeping them close to each other and thus reducing the occupied volume as well as the possibilities of possible states, so it is could add a term to the famous Boltzmann formula being:
E = K ln(W) - K f(g) where g is gravity and f() a function proportional to g and also f(0)=0.
Perhaps its effect is so weak that it is very difficult to detect it.
Well it's my humble opinion that it's probably wrong.
Much better!
I think I almost got it...yeah !
I could tell that video "A" was the one played in reverse, since the shadow of the ball gave it away.
thank you Finally I understand what is the entropy;)
Thank you so much.
Thanks, Test Tomorrow
thanks
OMG yes I love your videos thank you
Really helped me!
The milk example was 10/10
We know that more entropy means less useful work.........Can someone give me an example where the entropy increases and thus the useful work decreases?
Yes, I can give several examples: solar, wind and bio energy. They are high-entropy sources, thus causing a low efficieny for useful work (not a complete answer, but think the rest yourself).
Please expand,i am a beginner to this field.
As a beginner you only have to know that all flowing energy finally becomes heat at ambient temperature, the higest possible entropy on Earth (or on any planet with an atmosphere). At ambient temperature, we can't use it any more. This means that heat has dispersed, i.e. spread out over huge volumes, basically the whole Earth's atmosphere. The energy of solar, wind and bio (the sources) are already widely spread out, so we can't spread it out much more. This means low efficiency. i.e. we can use only a little of it. Solar energy is best, but not good enough, forget wind power and bio fuel.
Thanks so much!
Hats off
love it
Thank you
So... Entropy is... 'Economics' of chemistry?
There is an abuse of the idea of "order" here, an "ordered" stack of blocks doesn't necessarily have a higher entropy than a "disordered" stack of blocks, this is because "order", while some people find it an easy analogy, is a misleading idea for entropy. Entropy is about the number of ways that you can arrange the constituents of a system given the energy microstates of that system, which is not necessarily the same as the number of ways that you can spacially arrange the constituents of a system, at least not at the macro level. The idea of "order" is ONLY an analogy and that should be strenuously stressed. So when you say at 4:30 that entropy is "matter dispersal", that is false. While this seems to be true when you look at the microstate (at the atomic level), because the number of microstates available for a system are greater the more dispersed molecules are (because their kinetic energies are higher, not because the particles are actually further apart) and also the more complex the molecule is, it is not the case when you look at the macrostate. For instance, if you had some blocks like the ones you used in a disordered fasion, and then you use those same blocks but then you increase their temperature and then arrange them in an ordered fasion, then the "ordered" stack of blocks is going to have a higher entropy than the disordered blocks. I'm not the only one saying that order is a misleading idea to refer to entropy, there are scientists like Frank L. Lambert who insist on this, there is also a video by sixty symbols that addresses this concern. I hope you take it into consideration, and hope you keep making good educational videos.
You rock.
Sir u cud hv explained mre abt the cases in which the entropy of universe is 0, gr8tr than 0, less than0
very helpful
thaaaank you a lot u r amazing
great.
awesomee.
Gud work
thank you!!!!
great
plasma is less spread than very low density gas (and this gas is of very low T)
wow thanks sir!