I'm not smart enough to understand exactly what you guys are talking about, but just smart enough to appreciate that you guys are doing something great for rest of the humanity. Keep on it!
This is shaping up to be my favorite sixty symbols video series. Thank you so much for putting in the work Brady. Can't wait. I hope these videos are around a long time so when my children are old enough they can watch and learn as well.
Magnificent! I'm so excited and jealous that you visited the LHC, can't wait for the videos. Just also wanted to say thank you for all these videos you produce (including your other channels of course) - they are top quality, free to watch, educational and entertaining. Everyone involved in making them should be given some kind of of national honour for services to the community. Best thing ever to happen on RUclips!
Lovely area. I'd love to visit it sometime. As a machinist, I'd appreciate learning how some of the tubing and fixtures are made. I assume that they would require pretty close tolerances. Great video.
Videos are awesome Brady, they're a great insight for a social scientist interested in the social impacts of technology and science (since we're renowned for sucking at math and stuff, vulgarization of pure science is pretty awesome!) Prof. Copeland is always such a delight to listen to! He has a way of making particle physics comprehensible to someone with no physics background whatsoever, it's pretty amazing when you think of it!
The nickname for the Higgs is from a book called 'The God Particle' by physicist Leon Lederman. He nicknamed it because the particle is "so central to the state of physics today, so crucial to our final understanding of the structure of matter, yet so elusive," but jokingly added that a second reason was because "the publisher wouldn't let us call it the Goddamn Particle, though that might be a more appropriate title, given its villainous nature and the expense it is causing."
@Carutsu That's not censorship, that's called "editing." Editing is the process where an editor changes the author's wording in order to improve the writing, or to comply with the editorial standards of the publication.
@NavjotGraphicDesign My comment was about how clever the shot was of the roundabout sign near LHC, it looks a little like a sign that says "warning LHC ahead", it made me chuckle. I'm not sure how many people got that. So here is one for the conspiracy theorists, what if there is a particle accelerator under ever roundabout, and the signs are just telling us ? WOW - Mind Blown!
@ThoughtfulGeek Yes, exactly. Essentially the closer you get the more energy you need, but when you're very close to it, the jumps in required-energy are tremendous.
I wonder if it's too difficult to explain why certain particles decay into others in a particle collision. I was wondering the same question you (Brady) asked at 7:57: Why this or that particle decay/conversion after a collision. Another related question I'd love to have an answer to: Do physicist know WHY some paths are easier than others? If there's a simple way to explain all this (maybe a couple of decays that fairly simple) I'd LOVE to watch such a video.
I'm so happy I've been down in the LHC, walking through the tunnels as it was being built, amd actually being in the room where ATLAS was being put together. This was back in 2005, I believe. It's a massive construction, to say the least :)
It's not really the relative speed that matters. What matters is the amount of kinetic energy you can pack into each particle. When each particle's speed approaches the speed of light, adding more energy to the beam no longer translates into an increase in speed, but instead the mass of the particles increases in accordance with the energy-mass equivalence that we know from relativity. There is no theoretical bound to how much energy a particle can absorb this way.
I noticed how at about 10:19 when you dubbed yourself in asking the question you put some bird sounds over it. The really sneaky part though was the bird sound over the natural audio at 10:14 to make the birds on the actual dub seem less out of place. Things like that seem silly when they're pointed out but they're part of what makes it all seem so natural. I've been watching for years and that's the first time I've noticed something like that which shows how subtle it is. Pretty slick.
@realolba There is something called the beam dump that I would love Sixtysymbols to do a feature on. Getting rid of protons with that much energy is no joke!
There have been a couple of groups reporting possible Higgs appearances, but what he was said was that in one particular regime (meaning a hypothesized model) you'd expect to see a Higgs once in 10 trillion collisions.
Relativity makes sure that their relative speed doesn't exceed the speed of light. If the particles could observe the event, they would each see the other particle approaching at less than the speed of light.
no, as they their velocities are vectors, so they point in the opposite direction. so they cancel out as they collide (and transferred into the subatomiv particles--> consevation of momentum).
Common misconception. If 2 cars are traveling directly towards each other at 70 mph and collide, the collision is NOT the same as hitting a wall at 140 mph. It's like hitting a wall at 70 mph. Mythbusters even did an episode on this. Check it out! It was a good one.
@sixtysymbols It's called the God particle because of censorship. From the wikipedia: "This nickname for the Higgs boson is usually attributed to Leon Lederman, but it is actually the result of Lederman's publisher's censoring. Originally Lederman intended to call it "the goddamn particle", because of its elusiveness."
Thank you for another great video! I have one question that I think would make a good vid. Why can the lhc get particles to 3m/sec from the speed of light and not more? How much energy would you need to do that? Thank you
@d0ntr4p3m3 The Professor also mentions statistics that stand behind this statement, so I take it's just a theory so far. Even if Higgs Boson occurs, it's not going to be detected at all occasions - the detectors are not everywhere inside the LHC. Also it might decay before it reaches any detector, which is a kind of random event too. I'm not a specialist but that's what I assume.
One thing I've never really gotten is: what differentiates the energy from matter? I mean, on a basic level, mass, taking up space, yeah, but what's the exchange there? Is it energy density? If you stick enough energy in a small enough point does it turn into particles? I've not come across any answer for this.
So if you walk in the opposite direction of the beam at some point it will be going the speed of light relative to you? I assume this isn't true, but I don't know why.
Special relativity does come into play. You should check out minutephysics' latest video. Part of it talks about how special relativity comes into play when you calculate relative velocities.
It depends on how fast you make it go. That's like saying "What's the speed of a baseball?" It has no intrinsic speed. Only light has an intrinsic speed, and only when we refer to it in a vacuum.
@nicleus When metallic aluminum was first discovered the scientist (I forget his name) couldn't decide on a spelling and one paper was published in America using "Aluminum" and another in England using "Aluminium" and each name stuck in the respective countries. I'm from the U.S., so I do the one "i" version :-)
@KaslarProductions It's not that they found him in every trillion collisions, it's what the math says we should expect. In effect to get a substantial enough deviation from what we would expect without the higgs, you need to wait a lot of time for data to accumulate (Because the theory says we should) and then estimate if the higgs theory complements the data.
Special relativity is involved at such high velocity. Velocity addition isn't so simple, as is the case in non-relativistic situations. We have to use a correction factor that takes into account the speed of light.
Your finger is just starting to block off the objective light that is focussing on one part of your eye, whilst letting through light focussed on another part. makes it seem like its bending. Short sighted people use this trick when they squint to see better, It removes the unfocused light, leaving the object more in focus
@frozenfire Numberphile and Sixty Symbols are by the same (awesome) video journalist... Brady Haran. If you like these, you should check out his other channels... Periodic Videos is about Chemistry and is one of the other ways I can blow a couple of hours on RUclips in one sitting. ;)
After 8:26 shoudn't this been the next question? - Assuming that nature usually take the easiest way, does this mean that sometimes (once every trilion~) going for the higgs is the easiest way?
Question: If the two beams are whizzing around the LHC at 99% the speed of light, when the particles collide do they approach each other at 198% the speed of light or does special relativity come into play?
From our perspective yes, but from each of the protons' perspective you need to use Lorentz transformations to see how they see each other approaching at less than 100% of c.
@Carutsu Private citizen/private citizen relationships can never be censorship. No one is obliged to use their property in the service of any one else's free speech. Only the government, or government like entities can be guilty of censorship.
Thanks, but I guess my follow-up question to that is: If the particles can't approach each other at more than the speed of light, what's the point of getting them to go 99.9% the speed of light? Couldn't they just have both particles go 51% the speed of light to get the same effect?
are some of you guys from numberphile too? If so you guys are awesome, i love these vids and the ones on numberphile, and i think you guys do a good job
Professor Copeland's genuine joy and enthusiasm here is contagious :)
He's one of the best at being enthusiastic and passionate while teaching, it seems!
I'm not smart enough to understand exactly what you guys are talking about, but just smart enough to appreciate that you guys are doing something great for rest of the humanity.
Keep on it!
This is shaping up to be my favorite sixty symbols video series. Thank you so much for putting in the work Brady. Can't wait. I hope these videos are around a long time so when my children are old enough they can watch and learn as well.
YES!!! The day any Brady video is posted is a happy day indeed
I can't say this enough, thanks for taking the time to make these videos.
Magnificent! I'm so excited and jealous that you visited the LHC, can't wait for the videos. Just also wanted to say thank you for all these videos you produce (including your other channels of course) - they are top quality, free to watch, educational and entertaining. Everyone involved in making them should be given some kind of of national honour for services to the community. Best thing ever to happen on RUclips!
This video is like the perfect gift for the weekend - thanks Brady!
Professor Ed is awesome, more videos with him please 🙂
One of the best things on the internet thanks for the time and work you put into this.
@frozenfire the bradyharan website has them all listed.
@macikosan glad someone noticed after I made them pull over to get the shot!!!
"This is the one that's gonna get the Higgs." That part was great. Another fantastic video!
@Mrjesse451 well you'll be pleased to know another will shorty be posted to DeepSkyVideos
- Brady
@SmallMcLittleTiny Asking questions is the first step to knowledge, well done!
@MetalheadMr666 you're welcome.... it was a tough sacrifice for us to go to CERN and make it for you! ;)
Lovely area. I'd love to visit it sometime. As a machinist, I'd appreciate learning how some of the tubing and fixtures are made. I assume that they would require pretty close tolerances. Great video.
Videos are awesome Brady, they're a great insight for a social scientist interested in the social impacts of technology and science (since we're renowned for sucking at math and stuff, vulgarization of pure science is pretty awesome!) Prof. Copeland is always such a delight to listen to! He has a way of making particle physics comprehensible to someone with no physics background whatsoever, it's pretty amazing when you think of it!
The nickname for the Higgs is from a book called 'The God Particle' by physicist Leon Lederman. He nicknamed it because the particle is "so central to the state of physics today, so crucial to our final understanding of the structure of matter, yet so elusive," but jokingly added that a second reason was because "the publisher wouldn't let us call it the Goddamn Particle, though that might be a more appropriate title, given its villainous nature and the expense it is causing."
@Carutsu That's not censorship, that's called "editing." Editing is the process where an editor changes the author's wording in order to improve the writing, or to comply with the editorial standards of the publication.
This is very exciting and interesting. Brilliant questions as well Brady :) I was thinking the same things myself.
Brady has an outstanding talent to enquire.
i love how exciting he sounds when he's explaining it.
I enjoy these videos so much! Thanks Brady!
@AlanKey86 you're welcome
@Solipsistically one a week for the nest few weeks, unless something else pops up that is more time critical and jumps them in the queue.
@NavjotGraphicDesign My comment was about how clever the shot was of the roundabout sign near LHC, it looks a little like a sign that says "warning LHC ahead", it made me chuckle. I'm not sure how many people got that.
So here is one for the conspiracy theorists, what if there is a particle accelerator under ever roundabout, and the signs are just telling us ? WOW - Mind Blown!
It´s charming when he gets excited by a topic, but i think i have never seen him that happy xD
@ThoughtfulGeek Yes, exactly. Essentially the closer you get the more energy you need, but when you're very close to it, the jumps in required-energy are tremendous.
Mr. Ed Copeland is wonderful! I love your editing too on this, Brady. So hilarious!
Great explanations. Thanks Brady and Ed :)
Already have. I've watched all their Channels and their vids!
@NavjotGraphicDesign The sign signaling a roundabout is an analogy to the LHC, which is also circular.
I wonder if it's too difficult to explain why certain particles decay into others in a particle collision. I was wondering the same question you (Brady) asked at 7:57: Why this or that particle decay/conversion after a collision. Another related question I'd love to have an answer to: Do physicist know WHY some paths are easier than others? If there's a simple way to explain all this (maybe a couple of decays that fairly simple) I'd LOVE to watch such a video.
I'm so happy I've been down in the LHC, walking through the tunnels as it was being built, amd actually being in the room where ATLAS was being put together. This was back in 2005, I believe. It's a massive construction, to say the least :)
@OPBjorn yep
It's not really the relative speed that matters. What matters is the amount of kinetic energy you can pack into each particle. When each particle's speed approaches the speed of light, adding more energy to the beam no longer translates into an increase in speed, but instead the mass of the particles increases in accordance with the energy-mass equivalence that we know from relativity. There is no theoretical bound to how much energy a particle can absorb this way.
I noticed how at about 10:19 when you dubbed yourself in asking the question you put some bird sounds over it. The really sneaky part though was the bird sound over the natural audio at 10:14 to make the birds on the actual dub seem less out of place.
Things like that seem silly when they're pointed out but they're part of what makes it all seem so natural. I've been watching for years and that's the first time I've noticed something like that which shows how subtle it is.
Pretty slick.
@realolba There is something called the beam dump that I would love Sixtysymbols to do a feature on. Getting rid of protons with that much energy is no joke!
Yesterday i was at Geneva and i think i passed by prof. Ed Copeland!!! :D we were over the large hadron collider!! can't imaginee!!!!!
amazing stuff, can't wait for new videos
Hey Brady, can you please make a video on the standard model. It seems like a very large subject but I think one of these videos could do it.
Question: After all the collisions, are leftovers inside the tube? or all the particles involved decay into photons and neutrinos?
Only a particular expectation of it. But not completely yet. There should be a "Five Sigma" video on here that gives you more detail about that.
There have been a couple of groups reporting possible Higgs appearances, but what he was said was that in one particular regime (meaning a hypothesized model) you'd expect to see a Higgs once in 10 trillion collisions.
Relativity makes sure that their relative speed doesn't exceed the speed of light. If the particles could observe the event, they would each see the other particle approaching at less than the speed of light.
no, as they their velocities are vectors, so they point in the opposite direction. so they cancel out as they collide (and transferred into the subatomiv particles--> consevation of momentum).
Common misconception. If 2 cars are traveling directly towards each other at 70 mph and collide, the collision is NOT the same as hitting a wall at 140 mph. It's like hitting a wall at 70 mph. Mythbusters even did an episode on this. Check it out! It was a good one.
@sixtysymbols
It's called the God particle because of censorship. From the wikipedia:
"This nickname for the Higgs boson is usually attributed to Leon Lederman, but it is actually the result of Lederman's publisher's censoring. Originally Lederman intended to call it "the goddamn particle", because of its elusiveness."
@macikosan Could you please indicate what your talking about. I am really interested in knowing.
This reminded me of the Tim and Eric Awesome Show Great Job
You're the man Brady, you're the man
Watching this instead if studying for my electromagnetism exam. I regret nothing!
Thank you for another great video! I have one question that I think would make a good vid. Why can the lhc get particles to 3m/sec from the speed of light and not more? How much energy would you need to do that? Thank you
What sorts of ions do they collide? Also, I'd like it if you discussed the pictures of all the jets and did a walkthrough of an analysis. ;)
@wvhdogg There's a sixty symbols video for that. I believe it was the Viewer Questions.
Really interesting, I'd love to go there.
I love the professor! He's like a happy child playing with the snow...imagining creating boson particles
@d0ntr4p3m3 The Professor also mentions statistics that stand behind this statement, so I take it's just a theory so far.
Even if Higgs Boson occurs, it's not going to be detected at all occasions - the detectors are not everywhere inside the LHC. Also it might decay before it reaches any detector, which is a kind of random event too.
I'm not a specialist but that's what I assume.
One thing I've never really gotten is: what differentiates the energy from matter? I mean, on a basic level, mass, taking up space, yeah, but what's the exchange there? Is it energy density? If you stick enough energy in a small enough point does it turn into particles? I've not come across any answer for this.
So if you walk in the opposite direction of the beam at some point it will be going the speed of light relative to you? I assume this isn't true, but I don't know why.
@1212JackJohnson The LHC will do for now! ;)
Can anyone explain how the detector is able to detect fundamental particles? I mean, it can't just make a picture of it for sure.
Special relativity does come into play. You should check out minutephysics' latest video. Part of it talks about how special relativity comes into play when you calculate relative velocities.
Can you do a video of "lepton" first time i hear of it was in this video (then i look it up) and now I'm curious
\\Thanks
do the resulting particles of a collision differ how the protons hit each other, like, is there the equivalent of a grazing shot, etc.?
I can't wait for the video of Ed Copeland talking particle physics next to the LHC. :)
Ed SMASH!
Where do the protons and neutrons used in the experiments come from?
Love the bits of PSSSSSSC (Pathetically Small Scale Slow Speed Snow Samples Collisions).
@AlanKey86 Because a 15min video is considered a gift and will make you happy for an entire 2 days....
Is this the final video from the LHC? or is there any footage from inside the LHC itself? great vid btw!
It depends on how fast you make it go. That's like saying "What's the speed of a baseball?" It has no intrinsic speed. Only light has an intrinsic speed, and only when we refer to it in a vacuum.
I've got a question. I'm going to be close to Switzerland in a few weeks. Can anyone drop in to CERN or is it only by invite?
@nicleus When metallic aluminum was first discovered the scientist (I forget his name) couldn't decide on a spelling and one paper was published in America using "Aluminum" and another in England using "Aluminium" and each name stuck in the respective countries. I'm from the U.S., so I do the one "i" version :-)
@KaslarProductions It's not that they found him in every trillion collisions, it's what the math says we should expect. In effect to get a substantial enough deviation from what we would expect without the higgs, you need to wait a lot of time for data to accumulate (Because the theory says we should) and then estimate if the higgs theory complements the data.
The speed can't go past the speed of light. So if I'm not mistaken, it's only the energy of both beams that is effected.
how long does it take to switch from protons to ions?
You should do a video on LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory)
Love the ending bit.
Special relativity is involved at such high velocity. Velocity addition isn't so simple, as is the case in non-relativistic situations. We have to use a correction factor that takes into account the speed of light.
awesome vid guys.
amazing video!
I imagine that many of you are already aware of this, but Hank Green has a song about Quarks.
Watch it.
You will thank me.
@EliGudi Do you really need to ask that? Even though the video told you the answer?
Thanks for this great video, I really appreciate it!!
Do where do they get all of these protons?
Your finger is just starting to block off the objective light that is focussing on one part of your eye, whilst letting through light focussed on another part. makes it seem like its bending. Short sighted people use this trick when they squint to see better, It removes the unfocused light, leaving the object more in focus
@frozenfire Numberphile and Sixty Symbols are by the same (awesome) video journalist... Brady Haran. If you like these, you should check out his other channels... Periodic Videos is about Chemistry and is one of the other ways I can blow a couple of hours on RUclips in one sitting. ;)
After 8:26 shoudn't this been the next question?
- Assuming that nature usually take the easiest way, does this mean that sometimes (once every trilion~) going for the higgs is the easiest way?
What is amazing to me is they could even have built something to detect these small particles at the speed they are traveling at.
Question: If the two beams are whizzing around the LHC at 99% the speed of light, when the particles collide do they approach each other at 198% the speed of light or does special relativity come into play?
From our perspective yes, but from each of the protons' perspective you need to use Lorentz transformations to see how they see each other approaching at less than 100% of c.
@Carutsu Private citizen/private citizen relationships can never be censorship. No one is obliged to use their property in the service of any one else's free speech. Only the government, or government like entities can be guilty of censorship.
hehehe the snowball smashes.
Thanks, but I guess my follow-up question to that is: If the particles can't approach each other at more than the speed of light, what's the point of getting them to go 99.9% the speed of light? Couldn't they just have both particles go 51% the speed of light to get the same effect?
What exactly defines a 'bunch'? What does a bunch contain?
are some of you guys from numberphile too? If so you guys are awesome, i love these vids and the ones on numberphile, and i think you guys do a good job
what happens if you hold your hand in the beam?
Professor Ed Copeland you are f** good explaining physics!
How do you get and isolate a proton?
Top stuff, as usual.