Since comments are turned off for your latest video, "The Damascus Affair: 1840," I decided I'd stop by here to tell you how much I enjoyed it. Yet more history I never knew about. Thanks for all your efforts.
I grew up going to different Conservative synagogues, it's amazing to see that synagogue design, instruments in services, and prayers are still being debated in the exact same way
It’s crazy to think how far this series has come. It started all the way back in the Neolithic, went through the Bronze Age, Iron Age, Classical Antiquity, dove deep into the Medieval period, and now we’ve made it to the 19th Century. It’s crazy how much this series has covered, all through the lens of one tribe of people representing a tiny fraction of the global population.
Though I'm proud of the length of Chinese history, I defer to the Jews on a continuous and consistent account of world history, throughout very many different contexts.
Poor Geiger would have been massacred on Twitter by all sides of the political spectrum. Right wingers would mock him on a 7 hour stream. Left wingers would make several video essays, 2 or 3 hours long.
Geiger was massacred by his fellow contemporary academics for daring to promote the idea that Jesus took anything from Judaism (after they applauded him for doing just that with Mohammed). You'd think he'd have learned then that his ideas of rationalism dispelling antisemitism wouldn't work.
What an interesting chapter! 23:23 Felix Mendelssohn was indeed born in Hamburg, but his family moved to Berlin when he was 2 years old, which makes him more of a "renowned Berlin/Leipzig composer"
It seems to me that "dry baptism" is essentially what's happened in a lot of places (albeit without the baptism). Judaism and Christianity have remained distinct religions with distinct beliefs and practices, but the moral philosophy and tradition from which they have derived have increasingly been referred to as one "Judeo-Christian" philosophy.
I’m not Jewish and I’ve only met a handful of practicing Jewish people in my life. I find these videos to be so fascinating. I love to see how so many Jewish people were involved with important events and I feel like my historical education has left them out unfortunately. I love your content Sam and I hope you keep it up for the long term.
Oh, and in the library in the jewish community center in Copenhagen, I actually found two siddurim from the Hamburg temple - they were almost completely in german and they were opened and read from the left to right, like the siddur from the temple of Johannisstrasse in Berlin, though they were way more traditional than the one from Berlin.
What a wonderful series. I used to think, yes, I could certainly give you a thumbnail sketch of Jewish history in Europe. I didn't know a damn thing, really. Thank you, Sam Aronow, for educating me and so many others.
I remember visiting the ruins of the second building of the New Temple in Hamburg at Poolstrasse, where it was active between 1844 till 1931 - it was so strange to see where the ark once stood.
Congrats on the sponsorship! The origins of reform and conservative Judaism, oh boy! You relay the story and characters so beautifully, It helps me to easily form opinions on them, and see who I relate with the most. It makes the video much more engaging and meaningful.
Something interesting is that Zachariah Frankel became the first President of the newly formed Breslau Theological Seminary which in turn inspired the Jewish Theological Seminary of America which is now the foremost Conservative Institution in America. My great grandfather Rabbi Dr. Adolf Kober attended the Breslau Theological Seminary and was the last head Rabbi of the liberal community of Cologne Germany before the war.
Oh, I've been waiting for this topic for MONTHS, and the video did not disappoint! And it's quite fitting that it leaves with an equally enticing cliffhanger, too! Just one minor correction, at 22:30 in the Hebrew subtitles, I believe the term for "folk religion" is "דת עממית" and not "דת עם".
@@SamAronow I feel like the term "עממי" is used more often as "folk-" (i.e. folk music = מוזיקה עממית) or "of the people" (i.e. all the communist states named "people's republic of..." are usually translated as "הרפובליקה העממית של..."). When people use "עממי" as "popular" it's usually in the sense of "has the support of the people" or something that is "coming from the people" rather than forced upon them (i.e. מחאה עממית = popular protest, as well as those affermentioned republics (whether each one deserves that title or not is another story altogether.)) so it still has this aspect of relation to the people. The word "popular" itself comes from the Latin "populus" too, after all.
You got a sponsorship! Congratulations, I can't wait to see this channel grow! Just curious, if you end up taking this series to the modern-day, what will you do when finished?
David Friedländer questioning adherence to a kind of culturo-legal-religious order with a simple “Y tho?” Love the energy, even if the idea of a “Dry baptism” was weird.
I’ve loved your series thus far, it’s amazingly coherent and detailed while also being easily understood. I am worried a bit worried about a potential future topic due to the contravesery it may bring - that it, the topic of Zionism. If you do decide to cover the topic, could you in detail explain the different branches of it? A lot of people don’t know that there’s more than one Zionism (national Zionism, labor Zionism, revisionist Zionism, liberal Zionism, religious Zionism, ultra Zionism, Kahanist Zionism, 2 state Zionism, etc). For clarity I’m an anti-zionist Jew but I feel it’s important for people to distinguish the different kinds if productive discussion will ever get anywhere. I feel I should also be clear that I’m not against Israeli people as whole, my family is Israeli. I just disagree on what type of state is needed
I also didn’t realize modern orthodox, reform, and conservative all came about so near in time to eachother. I was raised MO but these days I’m kinda independent sephardi looking into Reconstructionist
Your stuff reminds me of historia civilis but for niche jewish affairs. I'm personally in love with little known detailed history. Keep up the good work. My only recommendation is add more music and up some of the theater. (No disrespect)
The interesting thing about Jewish studies: gaining an understanding of my people's history, culture, and other measurements from a secular frame of view brought me to respect and want to learn to more about the Torah.
My take on the first part of Leviticus 18:3 is that it's speaking about how they practice idolatry, not all religions in general. As for part two, it's speaking of their religious laws, as the first part of the sentence is about that, not laws in general. In fact, it's because part two mentions religious laws that I think part one is specifically about _idolatrous_ religions rather than _all_ religions. Copying practices of other non-idolatrous religions is fine as they can be adapted to our religion. As long as we aren't worshipping idols and they aren't going against any of our laws, adapting other religions customs for our own is okay.
Really hoping you keep this series up and get to talk about Yiddish Anarchism and Bundism in the Russian Empire and the emigration, and political radicalization, of Jews in the USA during the Industrial Revolution. The political radicalization part is incredibly interesting since it was their experiences within the United States that radicalized them rather than having already been radical before their emigration.
I appreciate all your efforts. Weworewhat the world called evangelicals but we never use that word. I lived with my grandmother when she was quite old and all alone she used to talk rather cryptically I didn't understand any of it to any great degree listening to some of your geographical descriptions I get it now a little better. Six months after Six Day War my grandmother signed me up for a tour and sent me to Jerusalem. All this modern technology is allowing me to understand why. Thanks again
You didn't explain what the shouts of "Hep! Hep!" meant in the Hep-Hep Riots of 1819. The meaning is mentioned in the novel THE SOURCE by James A. Michener. It stands for the Latin phrase "Hierosolyma Est Perdita!" (Jerusalem is lost), a Crusader lament which laid blame on the Jews.
If I remember correctly, from Maimonides or some rabbi, when the messiah comes, the world will already know God and be familiar with Judaism, thanks to the efforts of Christianity and Islam. So most people will be able to recognize the messiah better.
The rabbinate was constantly trying to police halacha and implement corporal punishments, long after the government had ordered them to stop. It was so contentious that Hamburg for about 20 years had no Chief Rabbi- Bernays was the first of the 19th century.
And this is exactly why I left Reform. Attempting to gain social standing by emulating the oppressor got us nowhere. Though the bit about the Temple not literally being named a temple in Hebrew was new to me. I didn't know that. One thing worth noting though is that The Reformed Society of Israelites faded away pretty quickly, along with the other assimilated Spanish and Portuguese communities that followed along with them. The only two remaining Western Sephardic synagogues in the US are very much Orthodox.
There is no way that R. Akiva Eger said that having an organ does not violate Jewish law. Unless they only used it during the week, and not sabbath or holidays.
thans for explaing the difference between a synagog and a temple they are many jewish temples in my home town and it always confused my why they are calledtemples.
Man, the Orthodox used to be the radicals? I can only imagine how conservative the people before them were considering they are now the conservative position.
It depends on the type of orthodox, haredi? Hasidi? Modern? Modern orthodox are really not that conservative and really liberal in alot of ways and more deepened on the person than thier branch, hasidi and haredi are alot more conservative
@@chnsm Granted, take this for what it is, bullshit coming from a gentile listening to his brother's rabbi and trying to learn. But wouldn't any orthodox position be more conservative compared to modern reformed or non-religious judaism? That is what the word orthodox means, isn't it?
Hello, Sam! I highly appreciate your work and the effort that you put into it! Just wanted to ask, is there any chance that you are going to make a video about Mountain Jews (Caucasian Jews)?
is rabib gieger of any relationsip to the grierger who invented the geiger counter that c measure how much radioactivty a person may recieve wherever they might come across it.
I've never found a comprehensive history that I've liked, and I've really given up on the idea that there is or even needs to be one. For most of my videos (though not this one), I tend to use one book as the basis for most of my script, so you can just look through anything in my credits that's listed in italics.
Schalom unn Gut Schabbas, i’m having a little difficulties trusting your timelines, my family being Prussian from east Prussia and Jewish, and one of the first families to be knighted by the first king of Prussia Fedrick as a noble Jewish family taking our last name from Brandt to von Brandt and that is because of my great great mini greats a girl grandmother who worked diligently for the king of Prussia to produce the first Prussian royal horse called the Trakehner Warmblut from the Royal stud book and farm in Trakehnen Ostpreußen, matter of fact when the Russians burn down our synagogue it was the king of Prussia and Otto von Bismarck who donated money to rebuilding and attended the inauguration, and the synagogue was designed by a very famous German architectural company out of Berlin
Obvious, if personal question: would you consider yourself Orthodox, Conservative, or Reform? Or do you not feel any particularly close affiliation with any of those labels?
1. I'm curious, why did we as a people go from calling ourselves Israelites to calling ourselves Jews in English? 2. When you say "Palestine", are you also referring to Israel's land in Jordan? As in, does the geographic term include Eretz Yisroel in its entirety? 3. 24:07 Who are the other two converts?
There were few PEOPLE in the USA at that time, leave alone Jews. Nobody was kept out of the USA except for Tories who sided with the Brits during the Revolution and even some of them achieved prominence in Delaware (wouldn't you know it--Biden's state) after the Revolution.
Jewish history since the end of Jewish power in Israel is just one long example of why Zionism is good. Its amazing what Friedlander thought a pipe dream is now reality.
Since comments are turned off for your latest video, "The Damascus Affair: 1840," I decided I'd stop by here to tell you how much I enjoyed it. Yet more history I never knew about. Thanks for all your efforts.
I grew up going to different Conservative synagogues, it's amazing to see that synagogue design, instruments in services, and prayers are still being debated in the exact same way
Surely This Will Save Conservative Judaism (the Facebook group)
@@leiderdawg no it is Reformative
Instruments make services like church ones. I don't like choirs either. The more we assimilate, the more we lose.
You want to hear instruments on Shabbat? Rebuild the Beis HaMikdosh
It’s crazy to think how far this series has come. It started all the way back in the Neolithic, went through the Bronze Age, Iron Age, Classical Antiquity, dove deep into the Medieval period, and now we’ve made it to the 19th Century. It’s crazy how much this series has covered, all through the lens of one tribe of people representing a tiny fraction of the global population.
Though I'm proud of the length of Chinese history, I defer to the Jews on a continuous and consistent account of world history, throughout very many different contexts.
@@zhouwu China's history is the history of a region. Jewish history is that of a people who are centered in a region. Thats how I view it.
@@zhouwu both are extremely lengthy and interesting in their own ways.
Love your videos, as an Israeli i've been learning a lot about my history from you
Poor Geiger would have been massacred on Twitter by all sides of the political spectrum.
Right wingers would mock him on a 7 hour stream.
Left wingers would make several video essays, 2 or 3 hours long.
Geiger was massacred by his fellow contemporary academics for daring to promote the idea that Jesus took anything from Judaism (after they applauded him for doing just that with Mohammed). You'd think he'd have learned then that his ideas of rationalism dispelling antisemitism wouldn't work.
What an interesting chapter!
23:23 Felix Mendelssohn was indeed born in Hamburg, but his family moved to Berlin when he was 2 years old, which makes him more of a "renowned Berlin/Leipzig composer"
Who would have thought that architecture would be so decisive
I don't understand Dry Baptism. In what way would Jews be "accepting Christianity" if at the same time they reject all of its core tenets?
It seems to me that "dry baptism" is essentially what's happened in a lot of places (albeit without the baptism). Judaism and Christianity have remained distinct religions with distinct beliefs and practices, but the moral philosophy and tradition from which they have derived have increasingly been referred to as one "Judeo-Christian" philosophy.
I’m not Jewish and I’ve only met a handful of practicing Jewish people in my life. I find these videos to be so fascinating. I love to see how so many Jewish people were involved with important events and I feel like my historical education has left them out unfortunately. I love your content Sam and I hope you keep it up for the long term.
Oh, and in the library in the jewish community center in Copenhagen, I actually found two siddurim from the Hamburg temple - they were almost completely in german and they were opened and read from the left to right, like the siddur from the temple of Johannisstrasse in Berlin, though they were way more traditional than the one from Berlin.
What a wonderful series. I used to think, yes, I could certainly give you a thumbnail sketch of Jewish history in Europe. I didn't know a damn thing, really. Thank you, Sam Aronow, for educating me and so many others.
I remember visiting the ruins of the second building of the New Temple in Hamburg at Poolstrasse, where it was active between 1844 till 1931 - it was so strange to see where the ark once stood.
Congrats on the sponsorship!
The origins of reform and conservative Judaism, oh boy! You relay the story and characters so beautifully, It helps me to easily form opinions on them, and see who I relate with the most. It makes the video much more engaging and meaningful.
Since the comments are turned off on your new video I just wanted to say it is excellent.
Something interesting is that Zachariah Frankel became the first President of the newly formed Breslau Theological Seminary which in turn inspired the Jewish Theological Seminary of America which is now the foremost Conservative Institution in America. My great grandfather Rabbi Dr. Adolf Kober attended the Breslau Theological Seminary and was the last head Rabbi of the liberal community of Cologne Germany before the war.
One of the best chapters so far!!! Best Jewish history course I've ever seen
Thank you for another enlightening vid, Sam! Shabbat Shalom and Chag Pesach Sameach!
Oh, I've been waiting for this topic for MONTHS, and the video did not disappoint! And it's quite fitting that it leaves with an equally enticing cliffhanger, too!
Just one minor correction, at 22:30 in the Hebrew subtitles, I believe the term for "folk religion" is "דת עממית" and not "דת עם".
I agonized over that translation . דת עממית didn’t seem quite right because it means “popular religion” rather than “the religion of a people.”
@@SamAronow I feel like the term "עממי" is used more often as "folk-" (i.e. folk music = מוזיקה עממית) or "of the people" (i.e. all the communist states named "people's republic of..." are usually translated as "הרפובליקה העממית של...").
When people use "עממי" as "popular" it's usually in the sense of "has the support of the people" or something that is "coming from the people" rather than forced upon them (i.e. מחאה עממית = popular protest, as well as those affermentioned republics (whether each one deserves that title or not is another story altogether.)) so it still has this aspect of relation to the people. The word "popular" itself comes from the Latin "populus" too, after all.
Whenever you have new videos, it really makes my day. Thanks Sam!
Been waiting for this part of Jewish history to appear as an episode for a long time!
You got a sponsorship! Congratulations, I can't wait to see this channel grow! Just curious, if you end up taking this series to the modern-day, what will you do when finished?
When you've fully exhausted Jewish history the only solution is to create more Jewish history
@@TOBAPNW_or go into more detail in some parts
David Friedländer questioning adherence to a kind of culturo-legal-religious order with a simple “Y tho?” Love the energy, even if the idea of a “Dry baptism” was weird.
This is just such a great youtube channel, all your videos are so informative, bravo
I just realized how great the Theodore Herzl video is going to be.
I've subbed, but I don't always watch your videos from beginning to end. This one had me hooked from the start.
love that this channel is keeping up leopold zunz's vision!
I’ve loved your series thus far, it’s amazingly coherent and detailed while also being easily understood. I am worried a bit worried about a potential future topic due to the contravesery it may bring - that it, the topic of Zionism. If you do decide to cover the topic, could you in detail explain the different branches of it? A lot of people don’t know that there’s more than one Zionism (national Zionism, labor Zionism, revisionist Zionism, liberal Zionism, religious Zionism, ultra Zionism, Kahanist Zionism, 2 state Zionism, etc). For clarity I’m an anti-zionist Jew but I feel it’s important for people to distinguish the different kinds if productive discussion will ever get anywhere. I feel I should also be clear that I’m not against Israeli people as whole, my family is Israeli. I just disagree on what type of state is needed
I also didn’t realize modern orthodox, reform, and conservative all came about so near in time to eachother. I was raised MO but these days I’m kinda independent sephardi looking into Reconstructionist
Awesome content!
Your stuff reminds me of historia civilis but for niche jewish affairs. I'm personally in love with little known detailed history. Keep up the good work. My only recommendation is add more music and up some of the theater. (No disrespect)
The interesting thing about Jewish studies: gaining an understanding of my people's history, culture, and other measurements from a secular frame of view brought me to respect and want to learn to more about the Torah.
May not be jewish but I'm glad to learn this stuff that for the most part is absent
from history.
Awesome video!
Hi Sam, when you get around to it I'd love to hear more about the history of the Kings of Ancient Israel and Judah. Love your content. Thanks.
Those are his earlier videos. He’s going through the history chronologically
@@dmman33 Yes I've seen them thank you. But I would love some more detail. Like Reign by Reign. Maybe when he's finished with the 21st Century.
@@dskohn0620 oh yeah! Good idea!
My take on the first part of Leviticus 18:3 is that it's speaking about how they practice idolatry, not all religions in general. As for part two, it's speaking of their religious laws, as the first part of the sentence is about that, not laws in general. In fact, it's because part two mentions religious laws that I think part one is specifically about _idolatrous_ religions rather than _all_ religions.
Copying practices of other non-idolatrous religions is fine as they can be adapted to our religion. As long as we aren't worshipping idols and they aren't going against any of our laws, adapting other religions customs for our own is okay.
Dam dude, you left it on a cliff hanger. Anyway excellent video!!
Really hoping you keep this series up and get to talk about Yiddish Anarchism and Bundism in the Russian Empire and the emigration, and political radicalization, of Jews in the USA during the Industrial Revolution.
The political radicalization part is incredibly interesting since it was their experiences within the United States that radicalized them rather than having already been radical before their emigration.
Yiddish anarchism, the bund, and prominent Jewish early bolsheviks would make a very interesting video
Bundism was a freaking disaster for the Jewish people.
nerd
I appreciate all your efforts. Weworewhat the world called evangelicals but we never use that word.
I lived with my grandmother when she was quite old and all alone she used to talk rather cryptically I didn't understand any of it to any great degree listening to some of your geographical descriptions I get it now a little better.
Six months after Six Day War my grandmother signed me up for a tour and sent me to Jerusalem.
All this modern technology is allowing me to understand why. Thanks again
You didn't explain what the shouts of "Hep! Hep!" meant in the Hep-Hep Riots of 1819. The meaning is mentioned in the novel THE SOURCE by James A. Michener. It stands for the Latin phrase "Hierosolyma Est Perdita!" (Jerusalem is lost), a Crusader lament which laid blame on the Jews.
You mentioned towards the end the idea that Christians and Muslims were "part of God's plan for the Jewish people". What exactly was this plan?
If I remember correctly, from Maimonides or some rabbi, when the messiah comes, the world will already know God and be familiar with Judaism, thanks to the efforts of Christianity and Islam. So most people will be able to recognize the messiah better.
@@shawnwaite3026 That's really tough if god doesn't exist, as many believe.
@@marksimons8861 WHAT PEOPLE THINK God's plan is. Happy now?
I love your videos. I have learned so much.
great video as always!
What music is used in "The First Dispute" section? It is phenomenal
This is actually a cool ad, because I've been wondering where you got those.
love your content.
thanks for the good sources
There are six publications listed as sources in the description of the video. Just click "SHOW MORE" and scroll down.
Is it possible for you to do a video on my people: the Karaite Jews?
Amazing video.
Fun fact Moses Mendelssohn had to famous children, Felix and Sophie Mendelson
"Octogenarian rabbinate taken down a peg." How exactly did the old school rabbinate upset / disappoint them? I've never seen that properly explained.
The rabbinate was constantly trying to police halacha and implement corporal punishments, long after the government had ordered them to stop. It was so contentious that Hamburg for about 20 years had no Chief Rabbi- Bernays was the first of the 19th century.
As for the dark moment you mentioned when you talked about emancipation in the Ottoman Empire, are you referencing the Damascus affair of 1840?
Good work Sam
Good to know how reformists and conservatives started
And this is exactly why I left Reform. Attempting to gain social standing by emulating the oppressor got us nowhere. Though the bit about the Temple not literally being named a temple in Hebrew was new to me. I didn't know that. One thing worth noting though is that The Reformed Society of Israelites faded away pretty quickly, along with the other assimilated Spanish and Portuguese communities that followed along with them. The only two remaining Western Sephardic synagogues in the US are very much Orthodox.
Another interesting video.
Wait... Is this the origin story of "Reform Judaism"?
There is no way that R. Akiva Eger said that having an organ does not violate Jewish law. Unless they only used it during the week, and not sabbath or holidays.
thans for explaing the difference between a synagog and a temple they are many jewish temples in my home town and it always confused my why they are calledtemples.
Can you expand upon the claim that musical instruments were used in synagogue services in Northern Italy for centuries before 1815?
סרטון מעולה!
Man, the Orthodox used to be the radicals? I can only imagine how conservative the people before them were considering they are now the conservative position.
It depends on the type of orthodox, haredi? Hasidi? Modern? Modern orthodox are really not that conservative and really liberal in alot of ways and more deepened on the person than thier branch, hasidi and haredi are alot more conservative
@@chnsm Granted, take this for what it is, bullshit coming from a gentile listening to his brother's rabbi and trying to learn. But wouldn't any orthodox position be more conservative compared to modern reformed or non-religious judaism? That is what the word orthodox means, isn't it?
Hello, Sam! I highly appreciate your work and the effort that you put into it! Just wanted to ask, is there any chance that you are going to make a video about Mountain Jews (Caucasian Jews)?
is rabib gieger of any relationsip to the grierger who invented the geiger counter that c measure how much radioactivty a person may recieve wherever they might come across it.
You probably get this a lot, but what book would you recommend as a good synopsis of jewish history?
I've never found a comprehensive history that I've liked, and I've really given up on the idea that there is or even needs to be one. For most of my videos (though not this one), I tend to use one book as the basis for most of my script, so you can just look through anything in my credits that's listed in italics.
what is the name of the song in the background (through the first 5 minutes)? I like it a lot! thanks
nvm, Ravel String Quartet in F 2nd movement! feeling very pleased with myself. ruclips.net/video/ieRQyyPowH0/видео.html&ab_channel=olla-vogala
And one for the Ethiopian Jews?
Wunderbar!
Schalom unn Gut Schabbas, i’m having a little difficulties trusting your timelines, my family being Prussian from east Prussia and Jewish, and one of the first families to be knighted by the first king of Prussia Fedrick as a noble Jewish family taking our last name from Brandt to von Brandt and that is because of my great great mini greats a girl grandmother who worked diligently for the king of Prussia to produce the first Prussian royal horse called the Trakehner Warmblut from the Royal stud book and farm in Trakehnen Ostpreußen, matter of fact when the Russians burn down our synagogue it was the king of Prussia and Otto von Bismarck who donated money to rebuilding and attended the inauguration, and the synagogue was designed by a very famous German architectural company out of Berlin
Jeez. Sam. You know how to tell a story!
Obvious, if personal question: would you consider yourself Orthodox, Conservative, or Reform? Or do you not feel any particularly close affiliation with any of those labels?
I'm not religious. Secular Jews are the largest demographic.
what's the song that plays at 10:01
Surely This Will Save Conservative Judaism (the Facebook group)
1. I'm curious, why did we as a people go from calling ourselves Israelites to calling ourselves Jews in English?
2. When you say "Palestine", are you also referring to Israel's land in Jordan? As in, does the geographic term include Eretz Yisroel in its entirety?
3. 24:07 Who are the other two converts?
1. We didn't. The two have been used interchangeably since antiquity.
2. Its entirety.
3. You'll just have to wait and see.
Why were there so few Jewish people in the USA at this time? Did they not want to go, or were they kept out?
It was simply far away and there wasn’t much reason to go all the way over there.
There were few PEOPLE in the USA at that time, leave alone Jews. Nobody was kept out of the USA except for Tories who sided with the Brits during the Revolution and even some of them achieved prominence in Delaware (wouldn't you know it--Biden's state) after the Revolution.
@@davidlevine7738 most of the loyalists went to Newfoundland.
0:21 Nice to see Lantau clearly, and the Cantonese coast extending all the way to VN, as it should!
Did I spot a young Disraeli?
Generic coment for the algorithm
Who has discord and likes jewish history?
Jewish history since the end of Jewish power in Israel is just one long example of why Zionism is good. Its amazing what Friedlander thought a pipe dream is now reality.
Sorry to say that your history feels like a broadway musical than real scholarship.
That's horrible I hate this
Seeing your videos and understanding how wrong, anachronistic and dogmatic Morden orthodox and ultra orthodox philosophy is, Is just depressing
WRONG!!!