Why Temper Through Hardened steel

Martensite in steel occurs during rapid quenching such that the process of diffusion of carbon atoms are nullified. The resultant structure called martensite is a super saturated solid solution of carbon entrapped in body centered tetragonal structure.The highly distorted lattice structure is the prime reason for the high hardness of martensite.The extremely hard structure lacks toughness and the only way to increase the toughness is by sacrificing the hardness a little bit by the process called tempering.Here a ready reckoner for calculating the tempering time or the tempering temperature by using the Holloman -jaffe curve for achieving a desired hardness is discussed.
This will also be useful for students preparing for Gate exam and PSU's exam.
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