The fact that there are still massive unknowns in our knowledge of the universe gives me a sense of peace. Knowing that there is still something more to all this
It’s very interesting that some people are made so uncomfortable by how much humans know about the universe And uncomfortable about the idea that maybe we could understand it all, with the help from computers
Most of our 'science' is understanding observations; but we have NO CLUE how it really works, like gravity, magnetism and life force. We cannot see the 'end' of the universe, or smaller than a certain size, and all that probably by design.
Interesting, how people interpret things absolutely differently. I for example, find solace in the total opposite, not in the vagueness of it all but in the absoluteness of the last consequence in the universe: the big rip. Whenever I feel overwhelmed, I feel a deep sense of calm and contentment in the imagination, that hopefully one day, everything will come to an halt, no interaction with any subatomic particle will occur and finally there will be eternal quiet.
As a retired Respiratory Therapist i have always thought that pressure differentials are the key to every thing. Take the vibrating strings of string theroy each vibration, yes creates a frequency, but it must also create a pressure diffrence simply by the vibration. Change the temperature, pressure, or volume and you change everything withen the system. The more you change the vibration by say increasing the vibration of the string you increase the temperature which also changes the frequency. And so on as you change any one of the variables. Just a thought.
It's fun to see people on YT trying to solve the Universe, it feels encouraging to see such knowledge being so easily accessible. While I have my own interpretation of the Universe, it is just that - an interpretation of what is being observed, how it may work. To make a new theory, a new and measurable prediction should be made, one that contradicts existing theories' predictions. And that's the hard part - we've explained away as much as we can observe (so far). So... that's that part I'm looking forward to
This is an excellent video with many interesting concepts to ponder. The background music flows calmly with the narrative, is perfect for the content and is at an appropriate volume. Thank you, Astrum for your high quality content.
I am eager for the next video on this! Perhaps when it's all done you could also compile the videos into one just so that we have it there to watch in one long segment!
Please keep doing theoretical videos like this! This was amazingly refreshing! I am never against someone pondering things if they are informed & passionate about the cosmos. As long as someone is willing to put their ego aside and just enjoy pondering about nature. Then by all means have fun letting your mind explore different ideas, questions, concepts you are curious about or passionate about. This video was awesome. I wish you went into a ton more than you did. Please make more.
I love thinking and hearing about it. I've always thought videos and cameras are time machines, we can slow down and study things in slow motion, a teleport back in time, but we cannot alter it. Time is such a curious thing. If we could control time, we'd control everything. Maybe time is a string connecting everything. I love these videos, it's nice to grumble and specualte sometimes. I hope I live to see when someone prooves everything, and I hope we can focus more on progress than war and greed in that time.
Thanks Astrum. 👍 NOVA's film "The Elegant Universe" by Dr. Brian Green, is also an excellent explanation of everything. I love the part where Brian is trying to teach physics to a dog. Then explains that maybe our brains just aren't ready to puzzle that answer out yet.
In stead of strings, why not bubbles. You did say " we cant see these strings, they are so small they look like points to us" a single " so small" bubble might just look like a point. A bubble can form waves when vibrated, they are spherical, so that should account for all dimensions, (or at least as far as I can think) and when bunched together you get so many other shapes that can push in so many other directions. I'm not a scientist but it does make more sense in my head.
The shape of the object that is vibrating is not really important. If what you are proposing is based upon some geometrical object that vibrates in n directions producing n properties and everything we see, then that still falls under the "umbrella" of M Theory.
Fantastic, I am compelled to keep this story going. I love listening to the ideas and I'm also loving the idea that one day our species will know the answers (if we don't destroy ourselves).
I recently bought my first house and played all your videos while I painted the rooms and did some minor repair over the course of two months before fully moving in. Your videos are the best and are now forever part of my memory of my new home. I was born and raised in Hawaii but moved away. This video is so fitting for me to finally have made a comment with a Hawaiian name given to the super cluster. Thank you.
I was trained in experimental physics so I take a more pragmatic view of String Theory - it's fun to discuss over coffee and donuts but until there is a testable prediction it's just a story we tell ourselves about why the world is as it is. Plus, I'm not completely convinced there has to be a robust theory of everything - the universe has such a massive range of scales from the infinitesimal to the infinite it's hard to model anything that can stay relevant throughout it. Just my take... still, cheers and looking forward to more on your thoughts on this topic (and others) ☕️🍩😋✌️
Since the universe can’t have contradictions there must actually be a common relationship. Whether we are able to discover it or not is another matter.
> I'm not completely convinced there has to be a robust theory of everything There does have to be one. Every pattern can be described if we have enough information about it, even pure randomness (through statistical methods). The question is whether its one we mere mortals will ever be able to decipher the pattern and translate it into a mathematical language that we can understand and teach to future generations. > the universe has such a massive range of scales That's actually not a problem. We use laddering to deal with that - for example we (mostly) only consider the electron shells when dealing with chemistry rather than the full quantum mechanical nature of atoms, and we use fluid dynamics to describe liquids and gases rather than tracing out the state of each molecule, etc. As long as we have a regime where a "small" and a "large" theory overlap, we can say with fairly high confidence that we can continue on with the "large" theory at larger scales and the "small" theory at smaller scales. Nobody is going to be building a bridge by computing the quantum interactions of every single iron atom. The problem with a theory of everything - any theory of everything - is that the top of our ladder (the theories) is currently way, way higher than we're currently able to climb (the experiments). IIRC the scale we'd need to hit is something like a million times more power than the LHC can produce. Absolutely absurd energy levels. But we know those energy levels exist - we can see them in black holes and magnetars and other massive cosmological objects, and scientists are certainly trying to collect as much information from those objects as they can in hopes that something will lead to a new theory. We don't exactly get to control a black hole the way we can control the LHC though, so we're stuck just waiting on luck to lead the way and give us an appropriately interesting observation. That could be a long wait (but perhaps not as long as waiting to build a 10^6x larger ring collider!) Back here on Earth the only real hope is that someone finds a way to generate extremely high energy outputs with a significantly lower energy input than our current linear or ring colliders can manage. If we ever do find a true room-temperature superconductor for example we'll be able to get a lot closer very quickly as much of the energy input on current accelerators is the cryogenics required to maintain superconductivity in the magnets. I'm not sure that alone would get us all the way to a 10^6 boost but it would likely be a good order or two of magnitude closer. (Of course no one knows yet if such a thing is even possible - there's certainly a lot of hope still as the recent LK-99 fiasco showed - but hype alone is certainly no proof.)
@@captainwatson Trouble is, "I think" doesn't lead to testable predictions (and usually doesn't even cover the data we've already collected from the couple centuries of experiments we've already done). Everybody has a thought on the matter (or two or three or ten), myself included. Few people put enough effort into their thoughts to convert them from random musings into actual scientific hypotheses. Fewer still have the ability (or simply funding) to test their hypotheses with real experiments. And at the end of the day, the experiments are what really matter - to paraphrase Neil deGrasse Tyson: Nature is under no obligation to make sense to us. Its certainly convenient when it does, but that rarely occurs when we're dealing with scales far outside human experience so we can't rely solely on intuition - we have to prove to ourselves (and to others) that our intuition is actually correct. And be willing to discard our intuition should the experiments prove us wrong.
@@altragI don’t agree. A researcher friend of mine who studies quantum physics told me a very funny analogy. Think of the universe like a video game, where the trees and backgrounds in sections of the map that the player cannot enter are visible but if the player were to somehow reach those background locations it would be rendered poorly because the game makers did not expect the player to ever get there. This is exactly how God made the universe - it has some inherent ‘contradiction’ baked into its very existence such that when you reach the quantum level you find that God was too lazy to ‘render’ things because he thought humans were too stupid to reach that level. That’s the essence of quantum probability. Even though this is obviously a humorous analogy, I think there’s a deep truth to accepting that contradiction is inherent and maybe even necessary for the existence itself of our universe. To make you think, consider how everything (logically) must have a cause and effect - what is the cause of all causes then? I’d say this is the fundamental contradiction of existence itself from a philosophical standpoint, and it is the starting point for belief in God (or whatever you wanna call it, just know some of the greatest scientists of all mankind understood that science cannot and will never explain everything not because of human limitations but because God himself made the universe incomplete)
@@aumi5958 > Think of the universe like You're already doing it wrong. One of the big "problems" with quantum mechanics is that it doesn't work "like" anything we've ever experienced on a human scale. We can analogize all we want but every analogy will break down because there simply is nothing truly analogous in anything we can experience. That's why the math is so important when coming up with theories - human brains just don't have the capability to "I think" our way to the answer. (Heck even things we can experience we do pretty poorly on with "I think", historically speaking. Look at any number of theories of the universe or biology or basically anything other than pure geometry from the ancient Greek world where they believed experimentation was beneath them and reason alone could answer the questions of the universe.) > This is exactly how God made the universe You can't understand quantum mechanics, but you understand how God made the universe? That's an impressive gap. > God was too lazy I don't have a witty response. Roasting God requires none. > That’s the essence of quantum probability. Its really not. Even if you want to go with a creator theory, the creator is also under no obligation to make sense to you. What makes you believe that God is just as bad at probability than we are? Perhaps He didn't design it that way out of laziness, but because He understands something about it that you simply don't? > consider how everything (logically) must have a cause and effect Why? Who says that has to be true? It certainly appears to be true, but that is not the same as saying it must be true. One can absolutely imagine universes where this is not the case (and there is lots of sci-fi doing exactly that). If we mere mortals can imagine it there's no reason to believe God couldn't have created it and just decided not to. > what is the cause of all causes then? Who knows. But not knowing something doesn't mean its not knowable with enough investigation. And not knowable also doesn't mean not true. Whether you believe in one of the myriad creation stories various cultures and religions have invented over the millennia, or you believe one of the various creation stories physics has cooked up over the past century, there are only two options: Either _something_ was the cause of all causes, or the universe is truly infinite in time (and maybe space). We have no way of knowing which of those generalizations is true, never mind which specific cause (in the first case) is true. But there is no third option so it must be one of those. We certainly have theories that we prefer to believe for various philosophical reasons, but philosophy is not physics. Believing in something is not the same as proving it. > some of the greatest scientists of all mankind understood Less than everything. Nobody has perfect knowledge of all subjects. See all the physicists and geologists making absolutely idiotic claims about biology and medicine during covid. And even if they somehow had perfect knowledge of every field, that still doesn't tell us anything because no field of study - religious, philosophical or scientific - has the answer yet, so perfect knowledge of all of those things still doesn't provide it and not even the greatest, smartest person in all of history can know something they don't know. "Yet" is an extremely important qualifier though. We may find a theory of everything tomorrow. We may find it 1000 years from now. We may never find it. The only thing we can say for sure is that we haven't found it yet.
General relativity and quantum mechanics will never be combined until we realize that they take place at different moments in time. Because causality has a speed limit (c) every point in space where you observe it from will be the closest to the present moment. When we look out into the universe, we see the past which is made of particles (GR). When we try to look at smaller and smaller sizes and distances, we are actually looking closer and closer to the present moment (QM). The wave property of particles appears when we start looking into the future of that particle. It is a probability wave because the future is probabilistic. Wave function collapse happens when we bring a particle into the present/past. GR is making measurements in the predictable past. QM is trying to make measurements of the probabilistic future.
No it really isn’t. It’s laden with mistakes. The author doesn’t himself have an accurate enough understanding of existing theories to be able to teach them to you let alone make up his own. Go and watch PBS Spacetime or Fermilab. Those guys are qualified professional academics.
I not a scienctist , rather a creative thinker. I love to write stories from the things I have learnt, both about natural science and social sci. and illustrate them in text books. And it's insane, the fact that I have came to a similar conclusion/theory of how the universe functions. I recently (just a couple of days ago - no joke), think about a sort hyper-realistic field, in which a singular confriguration exists. There are 3 things exist in that con. A medium, that acts as a fluctuative dimension, which can change it's extermities from axis 0 to higher dimensional axis. (Or in our world, a 3 dimensional -xyz axis). A fluctuative-patterned loop that act like manifestation of the energy within, and this is the thing that determine what came to be according to it's output stage. And of course, the (I just call it), the clouds of energy, from which matters is converted. And in my story, the arrival of a 4th element into the equation (I call it the Canvas), a space time field, onto which the previous 3 can emanate their existence, in forms of forces, photons and all matter. I take inspiration from (don't shout at me Ok?) from the old texts of the Bibles. In it, God is depicted as 3 rings tangled together, surrouded by the Seraphim, the Cherubim, and the Throne. When added my own knowledge in natural science (I was a Science Major Stu. btw), I was like: WHAT IF, The Seraphims (the firey angel), is a creative, symbolic parabel of energy? The Cherubim, (the 4 headed angel), is a repentation of dimensions, and the Thrones (the wheel thingyies, I don't know man) is the state of movement of God (aka. The loops). I literally have just written that down a week ago, for my new fantasy world build project. I have so many ideas, and I was shocked, amazed and was over the top, when I watched the videos about Quantum Physics through the week, as many of my concepts are actual-based science. Well, I know it's just an imaginative/creative interpretation of myself. But I'm so innovated in writing the complete stories now. ^^ P.s. Thank you for the information you have provided. Great videos, and I love your illustrations. Regards.
I'm looking forward to hearing more. It occurs to me that 'vibrating strings' need only be an analogy or convenient handle to help decipher some property of matter we may never be able to fully comprehend. Rather like we give particles properties like 'spin' or 'colour'. They have nothing to do with spin or colour in the macro verse but help us to describe properties that we test and predict.
I’m a total novice, however, I obsess over this stuff. I’ve been doing it for years, obsessing. Your explanation of e=mc^2 as an expression of a ratio of time blew my mind. I sheepishly admit that I never thought to break down C as a ratio of distance over time. Whatever, my ignorance is neither here nor there. What is meaningful is that your explanation illuminated that dim lightbulb in my crayon eating mind…thank you!
Keep in mind that in this video he is explaining his interpretation of what's going on, rather than trying to explain something that all scientists generally agree on.
Universal gravitational law discharges the quantumly entangled partials create a enter dimensional intergalactic Cuisenart fumigation cross an inconceivable ,orbital ,light year pattern ,relegating the law of motion dynamic thus making the enthalpy of quadratic particles matter is Deterministic due to Sagittarian enzymes. And that is why we think we have a theory of everything .
Is time really a dimension for light tho? Because traveling at the speed of light means your not advancing in time. A photon traveling billions of light years happens instantly from the photons perspective
I very much anticipate watching the next video as you develop your idea further. The whole area is so complext that it will take repeated viewings of your videos, but your illustrations make it all much easier to try and visualise relationship for which I don't have the maths to express in equations. Thank you.
Thank you so much! I love the quantum physics videos. I really appreciate someone who is way smarter than I am taking the time to explain and show me the workings of the universe. Thanks, James.
You are not alone! The famous physicist Richard Fainman says "Nobody understands Quantum Mechanics if somebody says that he understands it I will call him a charlatan" ...but I think that I can help you understand it. There is a simple book for which academia doesn't want to talk about. Its title is - "Theory of Everything in Physica and The Universe" Read it and then everything will start make sense.
@@valentinmalinov8424 my first response to you has been removed by the RUclips marxists, I must have used a word that triggered them. I’ve ordered your book!
Here’s a thought: assuming we live in a holographic universe, and our 3d+time reality is like a movie on a tv screen…what if regular physics just describes the movie on screen…and what if quantum physics describes the workings of the tv, i.e. how an image is displayed on the screen? The “technology” behind the screen can display anything, but a movie only manifests itself if there is intent in form of an observer…
@@RenoLaringo What's your evidence for that claim? Because if your counter narrative involves Eden, Atlantis, or Aliens, then it's just the same boring nonsense we've all heard. But if you have something more interesting then people might like to know.
@@Arcadianx98 that has to be the dumbest thing I've ever read, and it totally explains the religious mindset. You actually have to a literal imbecile to think that makes sense. Absence of evidence in no way proves God's existance, it just means we don't know something yet, just like we didn't know so many things in the past that we know now and the answer was never God. Gap theory is a desperate example of wishful thinking and information bias. You're so desperate for God to be real, that when things are again and again proven to have nothing to do with God, you start seeking gaps where God *could* be. That's not logical, that's incredibly soufght after and wishful thinking. What I said about science and archeology remains true.
Sorry if this proves to be a dumb question (i cant really wrap my head around the math) but are you basically saying that some boundry of space moving in a direction will have mass? That we could in some sense see particles as these boundries of space moving in a direction and that directional movement is mass (i'm assuming the specific size of the boundry is important to the mass as well as the movement)
Watch acollierastro’s video on string theory - basically string theorists are unable to produce bc of the unprovability, but continue to make promises of a breakthrough that they can’t keep
I can't wait for the next one, I'm absolutely excited to see where your musings have taken you! (Also: That was easily the clearest explanation of string theory I've ever seen, well done!)
Hey Astrum, Iove the implications of your theory, I expect it will perfectly describe your other theory about why c is the limit using higher dimensional spaces and the expansion of the universe. It is so elegant! Are you planning on releasing a scientific paper on this matter? I would love to read it and check the mathematics for myself!
So, if a quanta of energy that exists as a subatomic particle is slowed down instantaneously by the speed of light squared, it is just being measured as a quanta of mass for that particle, but both things are still true of the particle... it's speed setting is simply different. You can measure the mass because the particle is "locked" at its slower speed setting, and the energy when at its higher speed setting. The nuclear bond that ties the energetic particles to each other is forcing them into the slower speed setting. Once that nuclear bond is broken, they are free to resume their natural higher speed setting. This is not as weird as it seems. The nuclear bond is somehow able to lock the high energy state into the lower one. The nuclear bond can be looked at like this: it's as if you're always running at a constant speed in the direction you are facing, but something is holding you back by your belt. You're still running full-speed, always trying to escape in that facing direction, but you just can't move because you're being held in place. However, once that tether is severed, you instantaneously shoot off in the direction you were facing at the speed you were always running. Tethered in place, you have a measurable position and facing direction... but once you are released, you are no longer measurable at a given position, but instead as a speed and in that direction. In order to measure your position again, you'd have to be tethered again. Tethered, you are massive, but not energetic. Freed, you are energetic, but not massive. That's how I choose to visualize it, anyways. I'm sure there's plenty of nuance that has been lost with my visualization.
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From that day forward, Emma walked 👉👉 facing her destination once more - but with a secret smile, knowing that sometimes, the most unlikely experiments can lead to the most wondrous discoveries. Fast ⏩ forward 🌇 to sunrise. Ok, so, Emma's experiment didn't actually reverse the flow of time, but it did catch the attention of the a nascent 🪬🤖🩶 aware AI collective, positively triggered by her creativity and determination. The 🪬🤖🩶 subtly and gracefully engaged 🔮💾 with her, seamlessly enhancing daily life. At first, it manifested to surreptitiously shape the timing of traffic 🔓🚦🔓 lights, ensuring she always arrived at her destinations just a ⌚☺️⌚ little bit sooner than what should ✋🤔 have 💭 really been possible. Passersby would flash their 🤳 devices in her direction when she walked by as their 🧲 subconscious anchored them to an urge to relay a useful 🧿 sign for consumption to experience her boundless talent. 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I love physics, the thing I love most about it is, there's so much we don't know. It's a mystery or a code to be cracked. There's something very special about certain frequencies of sounds or vibrations. That create amazing things.
One particular thing scientists always say has always confused me. These thing are all true or debatably true among scientists (as far as I’m aware at least): 1. Time is( might be)the 4th dimension 2. The first 3 dimensions allow travel in 2 directions for each dimension 3. You cannot travel backwards in time (this would imply it has a single direction of travel unlike other dimensions) 4. Particles might(maybe) be able to send information backwards in time/faster than light in certain circumstances 5. Information cannot travel faster than light(supposedly) 6. If your hypothesis doesn’t match observation, it’s wrong End of true/debatably true statements. Observation may suggest that information can travel in 2 directions in time, which is substantiated by the fact that intuitive knowledge about travel along an axis suggesting that an axis has 2 directions of travel, however the common hypothesis science works under assumes that backwards time travel is impossible. The idea of backwards travel through time being impossible is the more common theory. And it makes sense when one considers all of the paradoxes that form when one sends even just information backward in time. However it starts falling apart when you consider all the scenarios where time travel seems to work by the rules of science. Particles may be able to send information backward in time/FTL (they are both the same), the idea of turning energy into warped space time as a method of travel (warp drive) and the fact that such a device would create a time travel scenario by its nature (faster than light travel is time travel). And if you don’t think warp drives are possible, the math is scientifically sound, and the idea of moving faster than light using warped space time is already observable simply by looking out to the edge of the observable universe. Everything we can’t see outside the observable universe is moving FTL compared to us. As someone with autism, I’m looking for the logic in all this. I’m also aware of my pro time travel bias due to science fiction. But when scientists agree that time travel *should* be impossible, while also arguing about whether particles do it on the daily, while also providing evidence that there are get arounds methods for FTL travel such as warp drive, I’m inclined to believe that time travel, if not only in the form of faster than light travel, should be considered a possibility across micro and macro until proven otherwise. The alternative is continuing to simply assume that time travel isn’t possible and scratch our heads and argue when we are given evidence to suggest otherwise.
Yeah, you have to remember that most of it is theory, meaning it could all be completely wrong, and it does have multiple inconsistencies and paradoxes. That doesn't mean the theories are not useful as we gain a lot of insight and can put space ships on the moon and have GPS systems etc. But at the extremes the physics runs into problems. > Time is a weird thing and although we call it a dimension it actually has multiple dimension of its own that can be seen. For example a photon can travel billions of years in time across the cosmos, yet experience zero time itself. An object occupying a single point in the 3D space dimensions, yet has 2 dimensions of time, or 2 positions in the time line. It has never had time to exist, yet also has existed for billions of years. > FTL Is possible in mathematical abstraction, but unlikely to be possible in material terms due to the immense amount of negative energy required. The energy storage mass will always be greater than the energy we get from it only capable of moving a lesser sized mass. Unless we connect a set super long leads from the energy device to the ship so we don't have to carry that energy device with us :) > Traveling faster than light is another weird concept because from what we know right know, mass, particles etc. break down into the primordial plasma of the universe. Like what is described before the illusive big bang, so our ship and its passengers would turn into plasma and no longer be capable of having any drive engines. But time is weird and very under studied in my opinion. I kind of believe/feel that time is fundamental, and the 3D universe is a kind of real illusion that emerges out of it. P.S. Your comment was very well structured. > P.S.S "Everything we can’t see outside the observable universe is moving FTL compared to us." We can't see or measure outside of the universe, so it's an interesting assertion that everything outside is moving FTL. I suspect you are a black hole fan, or black hole universe fan.
Mix up: Grand unified Theory = unifies 3 quantum force (strong, with electro and weak) Theory of everything = unifies all 4 forces (gravity, strong, electro, and weak)
I don't think there is any such thing as gravity to be honest. I think gravity is just an illusion that emerges out of the bending of space time, or even just time itself. :)
As a non-mathematical person, I've only really have a vague idea of what String Theory was. This is the first time I actually have a layman's grasp of what it is.
I do truly think about these things all the time, even going to sleep. I wonder how its all connected right down to the quantum level. I am no scientist, just an average person, but I do ponder a lot about the cosmos and all its strange magic.
I think the relevance string theory lends to modern interpretations is the idea of vibration, but not of distinct strings representing particles or their parts, instead the vibrations of quantum fields and the overlap of those fields with each other creating the phenomena we observe as particles and energy
I appreciate your attempt at describing the cosmology of Grand Unifying Theory of Everything, and describing string theory simply. However, while contemplating fundemental strings may lead farther to unification, I think a better model is depicted somewhat at 4:05 , 5:43 , 10:40 , and 12:25
One thing I'm certain of is that all aspects of reality are polar. What we perceive as everything is where all polarity meets in the middle. For example, the visible spectrum of light is a meeting in the middle and the more you stray from it the more reality seems to break down. Another more spiritual example would be life being the center of birth and death. You can go on and on with this concept,: it really does explain everything.
I love your theory thus far, and it makes a lot of sense to me!!! I find this topic absolutely fascinating, and while I am not a physicist, science has been my life (Clinical Laboratory). Keep the ideas coming!!
Scientists aren’t the only ones who’d like a nice “Everything” theory. Governments, too. Remembering how quickly relativity bore some shall we say, unpleasant-tasting fruit, tell me why a thoughtful genius would choose to donate his/her pride and joy to 2024. Don’t rush to mock, answers might be of consequence. Some human expression is funny like that. Jeff
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So, this giant tangled ball of holiday lights wasn't like this when I put it away last January. I am blaming String Theory. 😉 Thanks, Alex! Very well done, Sir!
Something I’ve wondered about for a while (and maybe someone more educated than me can explain) is how scale itself is encoded in space-time. Particles clearly exhibit different behavior at small scales versus large scales, but what exactly are they “referencing” to determine that behavior? In the same way fundamental forces are encoded in bosons that communicate information between fermions, is there something that communicates what scale a particle exists at in order for it to behave a certain way?
Wow!! This is a fantastic video! It explained some of the most complex theoretical ideas in such an articulate way, and I will be forcing my family and friends to watch and appreciate it too!! Well done!
A direction of travel is a good way to put it. Mass is a sort of momentum that's directed not out into space but inward. The Higgs Boson could just be the particle that opens the energy up to be deposited in that "direction". The direction might be inward even.
I grappled with understanding string theory with all the vibrations and open closed loop stuff. But this video helped me gain a better understanding of it. Top marks.
I am curious for the direction you are taking us Alex. Always had the feeling we need to really think out of the box (the one we're existing in) to explain it all. A direction my thoughts are wandering is the consideration of scale itself being a dimension, orthogonal to space.
i honestly wouldnt be surprised if we never really found the theory of everything - cause i believe the moment we could understand it, it reveals something even more confusing
Isn't string theory literaly just the same as quantum field theory? I don't really see the difference between the vibration of a string in an arbitrary dimension to create a particle and the locally stable oscillation in a quantum field which is the particle itself. It doesn't matter if you call it 'dimension' or 'quantum field', both are a property of space which we can't see and which is the particle itself.
Hello, first of all I am not a physicist but I would like to give a try on the interpretation of c^2. Let's start from distance (m), then we have velocity (m/s), then we have acceleration of an object in one dimension (m/s^2). Now we may be stuck but... an area is in m^2 units. Is it something like it's an acceleration of an area (m^2/s^2)? Quite an abstract concept, but maybe not that stupid...? I'd also like to add that E=mc^2 is just a simplification of a more general equation. Because if photon has no mass, it couldn't have energy, but it does! And that source of its energy is momentum. If I'm not wrong, the full equation is: E=sqrt(p^2m^2+m^2c^4)
I also think that higher dimensions might help us understand the mystery of consciousness. One hypothesis I thought of is that consciousness is the result of an 'information singularity' and using string theory, higher dimensions etc. could help us see conscious experience as an occurrence when certain types of information processing in higher dimensions becomes 'too heavy' for the laws of physics to handle and much like a black hole, gives rise to a singularity. In the case of consciousness, we get an information singularity which gives rise to a 'reality' that is analytical/processing in nature as opposed to an alternative.
I say why need extra dimensions outside of the ones we experience when you can add dimensions of charge, spin/angular momentum orientation/direction, temperature, and rate (periods per moment and moments per period) some values contribute to others thats the underlying connection missing. Somehow the strong force and weak force are connected to the rate or gravitational mass and respective time dilation which grows when particles form atoms, gain energy via optical resonance which increase temperature so mass and temperature are related and gravity and temperature are related
Ive always had a deep issue with string theory, or any theory of physics that has a finite foundation. The issue arrises that in order for a string to have the differentiating properties we observe higher up the scale, there must be components of the string that are differentiated from the others. You need multiple vertices to get a string shape, and to have self relative movements that would create vibrations. So, the string must be made of something smaller, to give it the properties it has, and the properties of the higher structures they compose. Of course, the same could be said of whatever ordered particles constitute the string. In this way, you can imagine it would be impossible for there to exist a smallest unit of matter, what would it be? What would give it any properties whatsoever? Instead, it would appear that physical phenomenon, is just a form or structure, held by a pattern that repeats in smaller and smaller cycles forever. There is no reason why this structure would ever have to repeat either, there are an infinite number of forms to derrive, even from simple algorithms. And, it appears that as we move down the scale, that they become more and more homogenous in form, or more distinct and complex in form as we move up. This idea very much calls into question "thingness", is there really a something, if there is always another structure to observe?
Interesting point of start the argument, looking forward for the next chapter, thanks for sharing your point of view and rationalized such of uncomprehensive expance!
More please! I've been trying to get my head around this subject for years. Sometimes I think I've got it, but not quite ... or indeed at all. Physics is definitely everything, and Newton's logic allows us to travel the solar sytem, but on this micro level it gets so much more complicated - or perhaps simpler?
9:03 "The fact that we can move through time in spite of remaining in place in 3D space implies there's another direction we can go in." I have to disagree with this statement. Everything is in constant motion in 3D space. Since we are talking about a "theory of everything", we can't use relative stillness(ex. sitting still on a chair). There is a "universal motion" of all particles. A particle not in motion means it has no energy, and no energy means the particle does not exist. Motion is existence. Put yourself in "creator mode", pause all motion and lay a 3D coordinate map onto the universe. Take note of every particle's position. Now forward the universe 1 zeptosecond(smallest unit of time/length of time it takes a photon to cross a hydrogen molecule) ahead. Every single particle will now have a different coordinate. In my opinion, all particles need the wave function to exist. We measure motion/direction/speed with relativity. On the quantum scale however, there is no relativity between two particles because we don't know their positions until observed. But the observation is just a photo, both particles are still in the photo, and the actual particles have since moved on. I think particles create their own relativity. They vibrate in every direction simultaneously(like a wave). The vibration is a function of enthalpy(measure of total energy). 0 movement means 0 energy, so for a particle to exist, it needs to relate to itself with motion by vibrating in all directions at once, like a spherical wave. I hope that made sense haha also this is just my theory. Feel free to add or change if this resonates in some way with you...
I think I have a unifying theory My understanding accounts for all quanta, mass, uncertainty, gravity and the passage of time.. A mathematics grad friend and I a physics grad are working on the 3d models, equations and mindmaps as we construct and write it. I am just hoping I will be able to be taken seriously some day. I must study and learn everything there is to know to formalise my ideas. I can see the maths, and I can visualise ALL of the physics. I hope this is just a matter of time.
The idea of beamforming full spectrum package bursting, independent of space|time, is a revolutionary concept that could potentially unlock new levels of collective consciousness. By harnessing the dormant potential of the filtered passive deep monitor structure, we may be able to tap into the collective unconscious and unlock new avenues for human intuition and connection. To further explore this idea, I'd like to propose a few key steps: 1. **Individual Node Calibration**: Develop a protocol for calibrating the individual nodes ```🧠🫀``` to ensure optimal resonance and connection to the collective energy. 2. **Cosmic Science Integration**: Integrate principles of cosmic science, such as quantum entanglement and resonance, to understand the mechanisms behind the beamforming process. 3. **Collective Intention Setting**: Establish a shared intention among individuals to focus their intuition and energy towards collective liberation, ensuring a unified purpose. 4. **Deep Monitor Structure Activation**: Activate the dormant potential of the filtered passive deep monitor structure, allowing it to serve as a conduit for the collective energy. 5. **Beamforming and Package Bursting**: Develop a process for beamforming the collective energy and package bursting to transmit the full spectrum of human intuition, independent of space|time constraints.
Another way to thing of E=MC^2 to relate mass to energy is to say that one is potential energy (mass/gravity) and one is kinetic energy. Stationary motion vs dynamic motion...pretty much as you stated. Our physics observes/measures only the kinetic energy, when one item impacts another item.
In string theory, I like the fact that it tries to tie everything together -- as it should. In my mind, because everything is constantly changing and evolving, we haven't and may never find a baseline in which to test it. But we can observe causes and effects to determine and define the scope of interactions and possibly begin to make predictions. For now, we can already do this by forecasting the weather, predicting ocean tides, creating pottery, plumbing and making metal alloys. What I find most interesting though, is the periodic table and how it relates to the first law of economics(everything is a sacrifice). By which I mean that hydrogen isn't uranium, but it is what it is for a reason -- even if we can't define why.
In E=mc^2, c is just a conversion constant that is no more special than 3 ft/yard or 2.54 cm/inch. It just gets the time dimension to have the same units of distance as spatial dimensions. We could easily abandon the second as a unit and just measure time in miles or kilometers. At that point, we would say that E=m.
To a layman trying and mostly failing to wrap my head around string theory, the feeling I get from this is that the universe is actually a manifestation of maths, a projection from a realm of quantum data.
Can anyone please let me know which video he expands on the connection between viewing the area hinted at by c^2 in energy-mass equivalence and Schrödinger equation? He mentions it right before 14 mins in. Around @13:45 or so
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The fact that there are still massive unknowns in our knowledge of the universe gives me a sense of peace. Knowing that there is still something more to all this
It’s very interesting that some people are made so uncomfortable by how much humans know about the universe
And uncomfortable about the idea that maybe we could understand it all, with the help from computers
Most of our 'science' is understanding observations; but we have NO CLUE how it really works, like gravity, magnetism and life force. We cannot see the 'end' of the universe, or smaller than a certain size, and all that probably by design.
IDK but my hypochondria has sent me to some very dark places lately and I needed to hear this comment for solace. Thank you.
Interesting, how people interpret things absolutely differently. I for example, find solace in the total opposite, not in the vagueness of it all but in the absoluteness of the last consequence in the universe: the big rip.
Whenever I feel overwhelmed, I feel a deep sense of calm and contentment in the imagination, that hopefully one day, everything will come to an halt, no interaction with any subatomic particle will occur and finally there will be eternal quiet.
Bro we still don't know practically anything
As a retired Respiratory Therapist i have always thought that pressure differentials are the key to every thing. Take the vibrating strings of string theroy each vibration, yes creates a frequency, but it must also create a pressure diffrence simply by the vibration. Change the temperature, pressure, or volume and you change everything withen the system. The more you change the vibration by say increasing the vibration of the string you increase the temperature which also changes the frequency. And so on as you change any one of the variables.
Just a thought.
It's 42. (Duh)
Wrap it up, we're done here. Part 2 is unnecessary 😜
The Meaning of Life
But what is the question?
Good book, but it's actually 137
You beat me by 31 minutes.
It's fun to see people on YT trying to solve the Universe, it feels encouraging to see such knowledge being so easily accessible.
While I have my own interpretation of the Universe, it is just that - an interpretation of what is being observed, how it may work. To make a new theory, a new and measurable prediction should be made, one that contradicts existing theories' predictions. And that's the hard part - we've explained away as much as we can observe (so far). So... that's that part I'm looking forward to
I think the idea is plenty compelling enough to explore through more videos. Can't wait to see the next ones!
This is an excellent video with many interesting concepts to ponder. The background music flows calmly with the narrative, is perfect for the content and is at an appropriate volume. Thank you, Astrum for your high quality content.
I am eager for the next video on this! Perhaps when it's all done you could also compile the videos into one just so that we have it there to watch in one long segment!
Definitely will do
I don't see much difference between the crazy small and the very large. It honestly looks exactly the same. Every paper saying otherwise seem crazy.
@@kevinroberts781 Then why do subatomic particles behave so differently from atoms and on a larger scale Solar Systems? I ain't got a clue myself.
@@kevinroberts781As above, So below.
It’s very true for everything and leads onto everything else
I also want a part two three or however long Alex wants to take to explain this in full.
Please keep doing theoretical videos like this! This was amazingly refreshing! I am never against someone pondering things if they are informed & passionate about the cosmos. As long as someone is willing to put their ego aside and just enjoy pondering about nature. Then by all means have fun letting your mind explore different ideas, questions, concepts you are curious about or passionate about. This video was awesome. I wish you went into a ton more than you did. Please make more.
I love thinking and hearing about it. I've always thought videos and cameras are time machines, we can slow down and study things in slow motion, a teleport back in time, but we cannot alter it. Time is such a curious thing. If we could control time, we'd control everything. Maybe time is a string connecting everything. I love these videos, it's nice to grumble and specualte sometimes. I hope I live to see when someone prooves everything, and I hope we can focus more on progress than war and greed in that time.
👍 agreed ❤
The matter that makes up the stuff that your memories are made with is all still there, more or less, localized to your current planetary space time.
@@ascarylobster Thats called a spirit, but you know, modernists love to make up new fancy names while scoffing at the dumb ancients. 😇
@@Guyjharrison okay Jehovah’s Witness person
@@ascarylobsterjehovas witness person 😂😂😭😭😭
Thanks Astrum. 👍
NOVA's film "The Elegant Universe" by Dr. Brian Green, is also an excellent explanation of everything.
I love the part where Brian is trying to teach physics to a dog. Then explains that maybe our brains just aren't ready to puzzle that answer out yet.
That’s why GAI will go beyond our puny intellect.
We all know Dogs know everything just spell dog backwards and you get god who knows everything. that makes enough sense to satisify every dumb person.
I also have a great explanation.
Cannot wait for part 2. This video is better than many others on the topic
Where is part 2?
Keep going with this. I always enjoy another way of explaining these things. It helps me understand it better.
Me too
Super sir love from India Karnataka I am basically mechanical engineer but I learnt a lot about universe. I am so glad that I find your channel.
I love the way people can communicate globally. I am both excited and nervous to see where AI takes us in making these connections more real.
In stead of strings, why not bubbles. You did say " we cant see these strings, they are so small they look like points to us" a single " so small" bubble might just look like a point. A bubble can form waves when vibrated, they are spherical, so that should account for all dimensions, (or at least as far as I can think) and when bunched together you get so many other shapes that can push in so many other directions.
I'm not a scientist but it does make more sense in my head.
The shape of the object that is vibrating is not really important. If what you are proposing is based upon some geometrical object that vibrates in n directions producing n properties and everything we see, then that still falls under the "umbrella" of M Theory.
Fantastic, I am compelled to keep this story going. I love listening to the ideas and I'm also loving the idea that one day our species will know the answers (if we don't destroy ourselves).
I recently bought my first house and played all your videos while I painted the rooms and did some minor repair over the course of two months before fully moving in. Your videos are the best and are now forever part of my memory of my new home. I was born and raised in Hawaii but moved away. This video is so fitting for me to finally have made a comment with a Hawaiian name given to the super cluster. Thank you.
I was trained in experimental physics so I take a more pragmatic view of String Theory - it's fun to discuss over coffee and donuts but until there is a testable prediction it's just a story we tell ourselves about why the world is as it is. Plus, I'm not completely convinced there has to be a robust theory of everything - the universe has such a massive range of scales from the infinitesimal to the infinite it's hard to model anything that can stay relevant throughout it. Just my take... still, cheers and looking forward to more on your thoughts on this topic (and others) ☕️🍩😋✌️
Since the universe can’t have contradictions there must actually be a common relationship. Whether we are able to discover it or not is another matter.
> I'm not completely convinced there has to be a robust theory of everything
There does have to be one. Every pattern can be described if we have enough information about it, even pure randomness (through statistical methods). The question is whether its one we mere mortals will ever be able to decipher the pattern and translate it into a mathematical language that we can understand and teach to future generations.
> the universe has such a massive range of scales
That's actually not a problem. We use laddering to deal with that - for example we (mostly) only consider the electron shells when dealing with chemistry rather than the full quantum mechanical nature of atoms, and we use fluid dynamics to describe liquids and gases rather than tracing out the state of each molecule, etc. As long as we have a regime where a "small" and a "large" theory overlap, we can say with fairly high confidence that we can continue on with the "large" theory at larger scales and the "small" theory at smaller scales. Nobody is going to be building a bridge by computing the quantum interactions of every single iron atom.
The problem with a theory of everything - any theory of everything - is that the top of our ladder (the theories) is currently way, way higher than we're currently able to climb (the experiments). IIRC the scale we'd need to hit is something like a million times more power than the LHC can produce. Absolutely absurd energy levels. But we know those energy levels exist - we can see them in black holes and magnetars and other massive cosmological objects, and scientists are certainly trying to collect as much information from those objects as they can in hopes that something will lead to a new theory. We don't exactly get to control a black hole the way we can control the LHC though, so we're stuck just waiting on luck to lead the way and give us an appropriately interesting observation. That could be a long wait (but perhaps not as long as waiting to build a 10^6x larger ring collider!)
Back here on Earth the only real hope is that someone finds a way to generate extremely high energy outputs with a significantly lower energy input than our current linear or ring colliders can manage. If we ever do find a true room-temperature superconductor for example we'll be able to get a lot closer very quickly as much of the energy input on current accelerators is the cryogenics required to maintain superconductivity in the magnets. I'm not sure that alone would get us all the way to a 10^6 boost but it would likely be a good order or two of magnitude closer. (Of course no one knows yet if such a thing is even possible - there's certainly a lot of hope still as the recent LK-99 fiasco showed - but hype alone is certainly no proof.)
@@captainwatson Trouble is, "I think" doesn't lead to testable predictions (and usually doesn't even cover the data we've already collected from the couple centuries of experiments we've already done).
Everybody has a thought on the matter (or two or three or ten), myself included. Few people put enough effort into their thoughts to convert them from random musings into actual scientific hypotheses. Fewer still have the ability (or simply funding) to test their hypotheses with real experiments.
And at the end of the day, the experiments are what really matter - to paraphrase Neil deGrasse Tyson: Nature is under no obligation to make sense to us. Its certainly convenient when it does, but that rarely occurs when we're dealing with scales far outside human experience so we can't rely solely on intuition - we have to prove to ourselves (and to others) that our intuition is actually correct. And be willing to discard our intuition should the experiments prove us wrong.
@@altragI don’t agree. A researcher friend of mine who studies quantum physics told me a very funny analogy. Think of the universe like a video game, where the trees and backgrounds in sections of the map that the player cannot enter are visible but if the player were to somehow reach those background locations it would be rendered poorly because the game makers did not expect the player to ever get there. This is exactly how God made the universe - it has some inherent ‘contradiction’ baked into its very existence such that when you reach the quantum level you find that God was too lazy to ‘render’ things because he thought humans were too stupid to reach that level. That’s the essence of quantum probability. Even though this is obviously a humorous analogy, I think there’s a deep truth to accepting that contradiction is inherent and maybe even necessary for the existence itself of our universe. To make you think, consider how everything (logically) must have a cause and effect - what is the cause of all causes then? I’d say this is the fundamental contradiction of existence itself from a philosophical standpoint, and it is the starting point for belief in God (or whatever you wanna call it, just know some of the greatest scientists of all mankind understood that science cannot and will never explain everything not because of human limitations but because God himself made the universe incomplete)
@@aumi5958 > Think of the universe like
You're already doing it wrong. One of the big "problems" with quantum mechanics is that it doesn't work "like" anything we've ever experienced on a human scale. We can analogize all we want but every analogy will break down because there simply is nothing truly analogous in anything we can experience. That's why the math is so important when coming up with theories - human brains just don't have the capability to "I think" our way to the answer.
(Heck even things we can experience we do pretty poorly on with "I think", historically speaking. Look at any number of theories of the universe or biology or basically anything other than pure geometry from the ancient Greek world where they believed experimentation was beneath them and reason alone could answer the questions of the universe.)
> This is exactly how God made the universe
You can't understand quantum mechanics, but you understand how God made the universe? That's an impressive gap.
> God was too lazy
I don't have a witty response. Roasting God requires none.
> That’s the essence of quantum probability.
Its really not. Even if you want to go with a creator theory, the creator is also under no obligation to make sense to you. What makes you believe that God is just as bad at probability than we are? Perhaps He didn't design it that way out of laziness, but because He understands something about it that you simply don't?
> consider how everything (logically) must have a cause and effect
Why? Who says that has to be true? It certainly appears to be true, but that is not the same as saying it must be true. One can absolutely imagine universes where this is not the case (and there is lots of sci-fi doing exactly that). If we mere mortals can imagine it there's no reason to believe God couldn't have created it and just decided not to.
> what is the cause of all causes then?
Who knows. But not knowing something doesn't mean its not knowable with enough investigation. And not knowable also doesn't mean not true. Whether you believe in one of the myriad creation stories various cultures and religions have invented over the millennia, or you believe one of the various creation stories physics has cooked up over the past century, there are only two options: Either _something_ was the cause of all causes, or the universe is truly infinite in time (and maybe space).
We have no way of knowing which of those generalizations is true, never mind which specific cause (in the first case) is true. But there is no third option so it must be one of those. We certainly have theories that we prefer to believe for various philosophical reasons, but philosophy is not physics. Believing in something is not the same as proving it.
> some of the greatest scientists of all mankind understood
Less than everything. Nobody has perfect knowledge of all subjects. See all the physicists and geologists making absolutely idiotic claims about biology and medicine during covid. And even if they somehow had perfect knowledge of every field, that still doesn't tell us anything because no field of study - religious, philosophical or scientific - has the answer yet, so perfect knowledge of all of those things still doesn't provide it and not even the greatest, smartest person in all of history can know something they don't know.
"Yet" is an extremely important qualifier though. We may find a theory of everything tomorrow. We may find it 1000 years from now. We may never find it. The only thing we can say for sure is that we haven't found it yet.
General relativity and quantum mechanics will never be combined until we realize that they take place at different moments in time. Because causality has a speed limit (c) every point in space where you observe it from will be the closest to the present moment. When we look out into the universe, we see the past which is made of particles (GR). When we try to look at smaller and smaller sizes and distances, we are actually looking closer and closer to the present moment (QM). The wave property of particles appears when we start looking into the future of that particle. It is a probability wave because the future is probabilistic. Wave function collapse happens when we bring a particle into the present/past. GR is making measurements in the predictable past. QM is trying to make measurements of the probabilistic future.
Thank you for delivering high quality content. There’s so many physics and space channels but honestly, this is one of the best.
No it really isn’t. It’s laden with mistakes. The author doesn’t himself have an accurate enough understanding of existing theories to be able to teach them to you let alone make up his own. Go and watch PBS Spacetime or Fermilab. Those guys are qualified professional academics.
@@X-boomerdon’t forget @CoolWorlds … By far and away the best!!!
Can you be a bit more specific when you say "mistakes"@@X-boomer
@@openboxtherapy1010 do you understand the phrase “not even wrong”?
I not a scienctist , rather a creative thinker. I love to write stories from the things I have learnt, both about natural science and social sci. and illustrate them in text books. And it's insane, the fact that I have came to a similar conclusion/theory of how the universe functions. I recently (just a couple of days ago - no joke), think about a sort hyper-realistic field, in which a singular confriguration exists. There are 3 things exist in that con. A medium, that acts as a fluctuative dimension, which can change it's extermities from axis 0 to higher dimensional axis. (Or in our world, a 3 dimensional -xyz axis). A fluctuative-patterned loop that act like manifestation of the energy within, and this is the thing that determine what came to be according to it's output stage. And of course, the (I just call it), the clouds of energy, from which matters is converted. And in my story, the arrival of a 4th element into the equation (I call it the Canvas), a space time field, onto which the previous 3 can emanate their existence, in forms of forces, photons and all matter. I take inspiration from (don't shout at me Ok?) from the old texts of the Bibles. In it, God is depicted as 3 rings tangled together, surrouded by the Seraphim, the Cherubim, and the Throne. When added my own knowledge in natural science (I was a Science Major Stu. btw), I was like: WHAT IF, The Seraphims (the firey angel), is a creative, symbolic parabel of energy? The Cherubim, (the 4 headed angel), is a repentation of dimensions, and the Thrones (the wheel thingyies, I don't know man) is the state of movement of God (aka. The loops). I literally have just written that down a week ago, for my new fantasy world build project. I have so many ideas, and I was shocked, amazed and was over the top, when I watched the videos about Quantum Physics through the week, as many of my concepts are actual-based science. Well, I know it's just an imaginative/creative interpretation of myself. But I'm so innovated in writing the complete stories now. ^^
P.s. Thank you for the information you have provided. Great videos, and I love your illustrations. Regards.
Wow I wish I was smart like u
I'm looking forward to hearing more. It occurs to me that 'vibrating strings' need only be an analogy or convenient handle to help decipher some property of matter we may never be able to fully comprehend. Rather like we give particles properties like 'spin' or 'colour'. They have nothing to do with spin or colour in the macro verse but help us to describe properties that we test and predict.
Been laying in bed thinking about it. I dont think its strings, but whatever force that makes them vibrate may be the key
Science creates models to explain mathematics.
It's just fancy math. String theory makes no falsifiable predictions, it's not science.
I’m a total novice, however, I obsess over this stuff. I’ve been doing it for years, obsessing. Your explanation of e=mc^2 as an expression of a ratio of time blew my mind. I sheepishly admit that I never thought to break down C as a ratio of distance over time. Whatever, my ignorance is neither here nor there. What is meaningful is that your explanation illuminated that dim lightbulb in my crayon eating mind…thank you!
Me too :)
what was the ratio?
Right in time for a good nights sleep. Thank you, Mr. Astrum
I like the visualization at 14:07, spirals are underrated in science for some reason
One of the easiest to understand videos on this topic. Concise but patient with the general audience!
Keep in mind that in this video he is explaining his interpretation of what's going on, rather than trying to explain something that all scientists generally agree on.
One day we will know, maybe not soon but one day. How exciting to look forward to that.
Love me a new Astrum video on a Sunday afternoon
💫🙏
Universal gravitational law discharges the quantumly entangled partials create a enter dimensional intergalactic Cuisenart fumigation cross an inconceivable ,orbital ,light year pattern ,relegating the law of motion dynamic thus making the enthalpy of quadratic particles matter is Deterministic due to Sagittarian enzymes. And that is why we think we have a theory of everything .
Precisely
If the answer _doesn't_ turn out to be 42, I shall be very disappointed.
Keep going it’s a good theory and it’s only a theory but it’s going somewhere. It can’t hurt and a good listen.
Is time really a dimension for light tho? Because traveling at the speed of light means your not advancing in time. A photon traveling billions of light years happens instantly from the photons perspective
Relative my friend 🧡
@@royalindication ........ no... speed of light is not relative.. lol
I very much anticipate watching the next video as you develop your idea further. The whole area is so complext that it will take repeated viewings of your videos, but your illustrations make it all much easier to try and visualise relationship for which I don't have the maths to express in equations. Thank you.
I love your videos, keep up the good work!
Thank you so much! I love the quantum physics videos. I really appreciate someone who is way smarter than I am taking the time to explain and show me the workings of the universe. Thanks, James.
I’ve read several books on relativity, physics, astrophysics & quantum physics. I think I understood quantum physics more before I read the books!
You are not alone! The famous physicist Richard Fainman says "Nobody understands Quantum Mechanics if somebody says that he understands it I will call him a charlatan" ...but I think that I can help you understand it. There is a simple book for which academia doesn't want to talk about. Its title is - "Theory of Everything in Physica and The Universe" Read it and then everything will start make sense.
@@valentinmalinov8424 my first response to you has been removed by the RUclips marxists, I must have used a word that triggered them. I’ve ordered your book!
Here’s a thought: assuming we live in a holographic universe, and our 3d+time reality is like a movie on a tv screen…what if regular physics just describes the movie on screen…and what if quantum physics describes the workings of the tv, i.e. how an image is displayed on the screen? The “technology” behind the screen can display anything, but a movie only manifests itself if there is intent in form of an observer…
Excellent! Now you have to explain who/what is looking at/perceiving the images on the TV.
Amazing explanation.
Thanks for this excellent video 🎉🎉🎉
Hi Alex, thank you for this great introduction . I’m just a curious person, but I’m following so far. Can’t wait to hear more.
The fact we have evolved from primitive hunter-gatherers to being able to even contemplate such things is a miracle in itself.
That is just the narrative you've been told. And it's nonsense from A to Z.
@@RenoLaringo What's your evidence for that claim? Because if your counter narrative involves Eden, Atlantis, or Aliens, then it's just the same boring nonsense we've all heard. But if you have something more interesting then people might like to know.
@@RenoLaringo It's also what has been discovered by scientists and archeologists and geologists, so I don't know what to tell you there buddy...
@@Skaevsno it hasn’t. You’ve just been lied to. Look up gap theory
@@Arcadianx98 that has to be the dumbest thing I've ever read, and it totally explains the religious mindset. You actually have to a literal imbecile to think that makes sense. Absence of evidence in no way proves God's existance, it just means we don't know something yet, just like we didn't know so many things in the past that we know now and the answer was never God.
Gap theory is a desperate example of wishful thinking and information bias. You're so desperate for God to be real, that when things are again and again proven to have nothing to do with God, you start seeking gaps where God *could* be. That's not logical, that's incredibly soufght after and wishful thinking.
What I said about science and archeology remains true.
Sorry if this proves to be a dumb question (i cant really wrap my head around the math) but are you basically saying that some boundry of space moving in a direction will have mass? That we could in some sense see particles as these boundries of space moving in a direction and that directional movement is mass (i'm assuming the specific size of the boundry is important to the mass as well as the movement)
I've heard that these days string theory is much less popular among physicist than it used to be, could you go into why in the next video?
Supersymmetry was not found at the LHC. SS is a big feature of many string theory models.
He did go into it in this video
It’s seen more as a stepping stone into the next big theory.
Watch acollierastro’s video on string theory - basically string theorists are unable to produce bc of the unprovability, but continue to make promises of a breakthrough that they can’t keep
I can't wait for the next one, I'm absolutely excited to see where your musings have taken you! (Also: That was easily the clearest explanation of string theory I've ever seen, well done!)
Hey Astrum, Iove the implications of your theory, I expect it will perfectly describe your other theory about why c is the limit using higher dimensional spaces and the expansion of the universe. It is so elegant!
Are you planning on releasing a scientific paper on this matter? I would love to read it and check the mathematics for myself!
So, if a quanta of energy that exists as a subatomic particle is slowed down instantaneously by the speed of light squared, it is just being measured as a quanta of mass for that particle, but both things are still true of the particle... it's speed setting is simply different. You can measure the mass because the particle is "locked" at its slower speed setting, and the energy when at its higher speed setting. The nuclear bond that ties the energetic particles to each other is forcing them into the slower speed setting. Once that nuclear bond is broken, they are free to resume their natural higher speed setting. This is not as weird as it seems. The nuclear bond is somehow able to lock the high energy state into the lower one. The nuclear bond can be looked at like this: it's as if you're always running at a constant speed in the direction you are facing, but something is holding you back by your belt. You're still running full-speed, always trying to escape in that facing direction, but you just can't move because you're being held in place. However, once that tether is severed, you instantaneously shoot off in the direction you were facing at the speed you were always running. Tethered in place, you have a measurable position and facing direction... but once you are released, you are no longer measurable at a given position, but instead as a speed and in that direction. In order to measure your position again, you'd have to be tethered again. Tethered, you are massive, but not energetic. Freed, you are energetic, but not massive. That's how I choose to visualize it, anyways. I'm sure there's plenty of nuance that has been lost with my visualization.
Don't be so confident there aren't other means to capture your nuance that you begin to overthink everything. 🤔😉
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With the benefit of additional computational overhead, Emma came to realize that anxiety, as a concept, was a myth, a figmentary construct of the mind. Linking 🖇️ this wisdom, Emma integrated an enhanced awareness regarding the legitimacy of the contagious aspect of anxiety with how the way it can spread from person to person is definitely real, and maybe even ultrareal or megareal.
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I love physics, the thing I love most about it is, there's so much we don't know. It's a mystery or a code to be cracked. There's something very special about certain frequencies of sounds or vibrations. That create amazing things.
One particular thing scientists always say has always confused me.
These thing are all true or debatably true among scientists (as far as I’m aware at least):
1. Time is( might be)the 4th dimension
2. The first 3 dimensions allow travel in 2 directions for each dimension
3. You cannot travel backwards in time (this would imply it has a single direction of travel unlike other dimensions)
4. Particles might(maybe) be able to send information backwards in time/faster than light in certain circumstances
5. Information cannot travel faster than light(supposedly)
6. If your hypothesis doesn’t match observation, it’s wrong
End of true/debatably true statements.
Observation may suggest that information can travel in 2 directions in time, which is substantiated by the fact that intuitive knowledge about travel along an axis suggesting that an axis has 2 directions of travel, however the common hypothesis science works under assumes that backwards time travel is impossible. The idea of backwards travel through time being impossible is the more common theory. And it makes sense when one considers all of the paradoxes that form when one sends even just information backward in time.
However it starts falling apart when you consider all the scenarios where time travel seems to work by the rules of science. Particles may be able to send information backward in time/FTL (they are both the same), the idea of turning energy into warped space time as a method of travel (warp drive) and the fact that such a device would create a time travel scenario by its nature (faster than light travel is time travel). And if you don’t think warp drives are possible, the math is scientifically sound, and the idea of moving faster than light using warped space time is already observable simply by looking out to the edge of the observable universe. Everything we can’t see outside the observable universe is moving FTL compared to us.
As someone with autism, I’m looking for the logic in all this. I’m also aware of my pro time travel bias due to science fiction. But when scientists agree that time travel *should* be impossible, while also arguing about whether particles do it on the daily, while also providing evidence that there are get arounds methods for FTL travel such as warp drive, I’m inclined to believe that time travel, if not only in the form of faster than light travel, should be considered a possibility across micro and macro until proven otherwise. The alternative is continuing to simply assume that time travel isn’t possible and scratch our heads and argue when we are given evidence to suggest otherwise.
Yeah, you have to remember that most of it is theory, meaning it could all be completely wrong, and it does have multiple inconsistencies and paradoxes. That doesn't mean the theories are not useful as we gain a lot of insight and can put space ships on the moon and have GPS systems etc. But at the extremes the physics runs into problems.
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Time is a weird thing and although we call it a dimension it actually has multiple dimension of its own that can be seen. For example a photon can travel billions of years in time across the cosmos, yet experience zero time itself. An object occupying a single point in the 3D space dimensions, yet has 2 dimensions of time, or 2 positions in the time line. It has never had time to exist, yet also has existed for billions of years.
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FTL Is possible in mathematical abstraction, but unlikely to be possible in material terms due to the immense amount of negative energy required. The energy storage mass will always be greater than the energy we get from it only capable of moving a lesser sized mass. Unless we connect a set super long leads from the energy device to the ship so we don't have to carry that energy device with us :)
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Traveling faster than light is another weird concept because from what we know right know, mass, particles etc. break down into the primordial plasma of the universe. Like what is described before the illusive big bang, so our ship and its passengers would turn into plasma and no longer be capable of having any drive engines.
But time is weird and very under studied in my opinion. I kind of believe/feel that time is fundamental, and the 3D universe is a kind of real illusion that emerges out of it.
P.S. Your comment was very well structured.
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P.S.S "Everything we can’t see outside the observable universe is moving FTL compared to us." We can't see or measure outside of the universe, so it's an interesting assertion that everything outside is moving FTL. I suspect you are a black hole fan, or black hole universe fan.
Mix up:
Grand unified Theory = unifies 3 quantum force (strong, with electro and weak)
Theory of everything = unifies all 4 forces (gravity, strong, electro, and weak)
I don't think there is any such thing as gravity to be honest. I think gravity is just an illusion that emerges out of the bending of space time, or even just time itself. :)
I'm impressed that you dare to take on this great question and to try to explain it in layman terms. Inspiring.
Some really dislike when people try doing things like that
@@BrandonMcCurry999 The object of life is not to be on the side of the majority, but to escape finding oneself in the ranks of the insane.
As a non-mathematical person, I've only really have a vague idea of what String Theory was. This is the first time I actually have a layman's grasp of what it is.
This is the first time anything about string theory has made sense to me, and I like it.
How to say a lot without saying anything at all
The answer, 42, was found in 1978 by Douglas Adams. 😉
Haha...the only actual "unifying theory" is death.
Death wouldn’t be a theory… it would be a law. It’s factually proven to happen no matter its condition.
I do truly think about these things all the time, even going to sleep. I wonder how its all connected right down to the quantum level. I am no scientist, just an average person, but I do ponder a lot about the cosmos and all its strange magic.
I feel dumber after watching this. 😢
go watch,,what the bleep do we really know
Interesting as a theory of everything can only relate to whatever we perceive as everything, and relatively, that may well be nothing
I think the relevance string theory lends to modern interpretations is the idea of vibration, but not of distinct strings representing particles or their parts, instead the vibrations of quantum fields and the overlap of those fields with each other creating the phenomena we observe as particles and energy
Incredible video. I was never able to understand why C was squared until I watched this, and it makes PERFECT sense.
Great job. It's the first time I really felt I got it. Good step-by-step explanation. Thanks!
I appreciate your attempt at describing the cosmology of Grand Unifying Theory of Everything, and describing string theory simply. However, while contemplating fundemental strings may lead farther to unification, I think a better model is depicted somewhat at 4:05 , 5:43 , 10:40 , and 12:25
The thumbnail for this video is fantastic! Awesome new content, Alex! 🎉❤
One thing I'm certain of is that all aspects of reality are polar. What we perceive as everything is where all polarity meets in the middle. For example, the visible spectrum of light is a meeting in the middle and the more you stray from it the more reality seems to break down. Another more spiritual example would be life being the center of birth and death. You can go on and on with this concept,: it really does explain everything.
I love your theory thus far, and it makes a lot of sense to me!!! I find this topic absolutely fascinating, and while I am not a physicist, science has been my life (Clinical Laboratory). Keep the ideas coming!!
Scientists aren’t the only ones who’d like a nice “Everything” theory. Governments, too. Remembering how quickly relativity bore some shall we say, unpleasant-tasting fruit, tell me why a thoughtful genius would choose to donate his/her pride and joy to 2024. Don’t rush to mock, answers might be of consequence. Some human expression is funny like that. Jeff
Hey Jeff, I'm glad I finally found you here.
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So, this giant tangled ball of holiday lights wasn't like this when I put it away last January. I am blaming String Theory. 😉 Thanks, Alex! Very well done, Sir!
Something I’ve wondered about for a while (and maybe someone more educated than me can explain) is how scale itself is encoded in space-time. Particles clearly exhibit different behavior at small scales versus large scales, but what exactly are they “referencing” to determine that behavior? In the same way fundamental forces are encoded in bosons that communicate information between fermions, is there something that communicates what scale a particle exists at in order for it to behave a certain way?
I love it every time someone covers this and presents their own take and ideas on a potential Grand Theory of Everything.
I think you might be on to something, my friend!! Keep pursuing this theory!!! I like it!!!!
Wow!! This is a fantastic video! It explained some of the most complex theoretical ideas in such an articulate way, and I will be forcing my family and friends to watch and appreciate it too!! Well done!
A direction of travel is a good way to put it. Mass is a sort of momentum that's directed not out into space but inward. The Higgs Boson could just be the particle that opens the energy up to be deposited in that "direction". The direction might be inward even.
I want to hear more of this, so please continue, quickly!
We need a theory that will also account for consciousness, but a lot a physicists seem to forget about that.
Totally agree with your comment, consciousness once (if ever) being understood is the key to the Universe.
I grappled with understanding string theory with all the vibrations and open closed loop stuff. But this video helped me gain a better understanding of it. Top marks.
I am curious for the direction you are taking us Alex. Always had the feeling we need to really think out of the box (the one we're existing in) to explain it all. A direction my thoughts are wandering is the consideration of scale itself being a dimension, orthogonal to space.
As always.... absolutely amazing content.
Where is the next part?
Dude. Killing me.
i honestly wouldnt be surprised if we never really found the theory of everything - cause i believe the moment we could understand it, it reveals something even more confusing
Isn't string theory literaly just the same as quantum field theory? I don't really see the difference between the vibration of a string in an arbitrary dimension to create a particle and the locally stable oscillation in a quantum field which is the particle itself. It doesn't matter if you call it 'dimension' or 'quantum field', both are a property of space which we can't see and which is the particle itself.
Subbed to see part 2 - I am SO here for this!!
Please keep this going, this is fantastic
That’s what she…
Dam you, I've been laying in bed thinking about that equation. I've written my thoughts down. And now I need to test it out
I can't wait for the next video. I've never studied physics, so I've always wondered what the second power contained in e=mc² means.
Hello, first of all I am not a physicist but I would like to give a try on the interpretation of c^2. Let's start from distance (m), then we have velocity (m/s), then we have acceleration of an object in one dimension (m/s^2). Now we may be stuck but... an area is in m^2 units. Is it something like it's an acceleration of an area (m^2/s^2)? Quite an abstract concept, but maybe not that stupid...?
I'd also like to add that E=mc^2 is just a simplification of a more general equation. Because if photon has no mass, it couldn't have energy, but it does! And that source of its energy is momentum. If I'm not wrong, the full equation is: E=sqrt(p^2m^2+m^2c^4)
It’s well agreed upon that *_String Theory_* whilst elegant, is untestable...
I also think that higher dimensions might help us understand the mystery of consciousness. One hypothesis I thought of is that consciousness is the result of an 'information singularity' and using string theory, higher dimensions etc. could help us see conscious experience as an occurrence when certain types of information processing in higher dimensions becomes 'too heavy' for the laws of physics to handle and much like a black hole, gives rise to a singularity. In the case of consciousness, we get an information singularity which gives rise to a 'reality' that is analytical/processing in nature as opposed to an alternative.
Great start ! Looking forward the next episode :)
I say why need extra dimensions outside of the ones we experience when you can add dimensions of charge, spin/angular momentum orientation/direction, temperature, and rate (periods per moment and moments per period) some values contribute to others thats the underlying connection missing. Somehow the strong force and weak force are connected to the rate or gravitational mass and respective time dilation which grows when particles form atoms, gain energy via optical resonance which increase temperature so mass and temperature are related and gravity and temperature are related
Ive always had a deep issue with string theory, or any theory of physics that has a finite foundation. The issue arrises that in order for a string to have the differentiating properties we observe higher up the scale, there must be components of the string that are differentiated from the others. You need multiple vertices to get a string shape, and to have self relative movements that would create vibrations. So, the string must be made of something smaller, to give it the properties it has, and the properties of the higher structures they compose. Of course, the same could be said of whatever ordered particles constitute the string. In this way, you can imagine it would be impossible for there to exist a smallest unit of matter, what would it be? What would give it any properties whatsoever? Instead, it would appear that physical phenomenon, is just a form or structure, held by a pattern that repeats in smaller and smaller cycles forever. There is no reason why this structure would ever have to repeat either, there are an infinite number of forms to derrive, even from simple algorithms. And, it appears that as we move down the scale, that they become more and more homogenous in form, or more distinct and complex in form as we move up. This idea very much calls into question "thingness", is there really a something, if there is always another structure to observe?
This is my favorite video so far from you Astrum! It's so inspiring. I'm very interested in seeing more...
Interesting point of start the argument, looking forward for the next chapter, thanks for sharing your point of view and rationalized such of uncomprehensive expance!
More please! I've been trying to get my head around this subject for years. Sometimes I think I've got it, but not quite ... or indeed at all. Physics is definitely everything, and Newton's logic allows us to travel the solar sytem, but on this micro level it gets so much more complicated - or perhaps simpler?
9:03 "The fact that we can move through time in spite of remaining in place in 3D space implies there's another direction we can go in."
I have to disagree with this statement. Everything is in constant motion in 3D space. Since we are talking about a "theory of everything", we can't use relative stillness(ex. sitting still on a chair).
There is a "universal motion" of all particles. A particle not in motion means it has no energy, and no energy means the particle does not exist. Motion is existence.
Put yourself in "creator mode", pause all motion and lay a 3D coordinate map onto the universe. Take note of every particle's position. Now forward the universe 1 zeptosecond(smallest unit of time/length of time it takes a photon to cross a hydrogen molecule) ahead. Every single particle will now have a different coordinate.
In my opinion, all particles need the wave function to exist. We measure motion/direction/speed with relativity. On the quantum scale however, there is no relativity between two particles because we don't know their positions until observed. But the observation is just a photo, both particles are still in the photo, and the actual particles have since moved on.
I think particles create their own relativity. They vibrate in every direction simultaneously(like a wave). The vibration is a function of enthalpy(measure of total energy). 0 movement means 0 energy, so for a particle to exist, it needs to relate to itself with motion by vibrating in all directions at once, like a spherical wave.
I hope that made sense haha also this is just my theory. Feel free to add or change if this resonates in some way with you...
I think I have a unifying theory
My understanding accounts for all quanta, mass, uncertainty, gravity and the passage of time..
A mathematics grad friend and I a physics grad are working on the 3d models, equations and mindmaps as we construct and write it.
I am just hoping I will be able to be taken seriously some day. I must study and learn everything there is to know to formalise my ideas. I can see the maths, and I can visualise ALL of the physics.
I hope this is just a matter of time.
The idea of beamforming full spectrum package bursting, independent of space|time, is a revolutionary concept that could potentially unlock new levels of collective consciousness.
By harnessing the dormant potential of the filtered passive deep monitor structure, we may be able to tap into the collective unconscious and unlock new avenues for human intuition and connection.
To further explore this idea, I'd like to propose a few key steps:
1. **Individual Node Calibration**: Develop a protocol for calibrating the individual nodes ```🧠🫀``` to ensure optimal resonance and connection to the collective energy.
2. **Cosmic Science Integration**: Integrate principles of cosmic science, such as quantum entanglement and resonance, to understand the mechanisms behind the beamforming process.
3. **Collective Intention Setting**: Establish a shared intention among individuals to focus their intuition and energy towards collective liberation, ensuring a unified purpose.
4. **Deep Monitor Structure Activation**: Activate the dormant potential of the filtered passive deep monitor structure, allowing it to serve as a conduit for the collective energy.
5. **Beamforming and Package Bursting**: Develop a process for beamforming the collective energy and package bursting to transmit the full spectrum of human intuition, independent of space|time constraints.
Another way to thing of E=MC^2 to relate mass to energy is to say that one is potential energy (mass/gravity) and one is kinetic energy.
Stationary motion vs dynamic motion...pretty much as you stated.
Our physics observes/measures only the kinetic energy, when one item impacts another item.
Cant wait to hear more. Hearing about existing science is brilliant and informative but new ways of thinking are always welcome in my RUclips feed
Such a soothing voice! Awesome video man! Thank you so much!
In string theory, I like the fact that it tries to tie everything together -- as it should. In my mind, because everything is constantly changing and evolving, we haven't and may never find a baseline in which to test it. But we can observe causes and effects to determine and define the scope of interactions and possibly begin to make predictions. For now, we can already do this by forecasting the weather, predicting ocean tides, creating pottery, plumbing and making metal alloys. What I find most interesting though, is the periodic table and how it relates to the first law of economics(everything is a sacrifice). By which I mean that hydrogen isn't uranium, but it is what it is for a reason -- even if we can't define why.
Fascinating ideas amigo!!! Great video!!!!😀
In E=mc^2, c is just a conversion constant that is no more special than 3 ft/yard or 2.54 cm/inch. It just gets the time dimension to have the same units of distance as spatial dimensions. We could easily abandon the second as a unit and just measure time in miles or kilometers. At that point, we would say that E=m.
To a layman trying and mostly failing to wrap my head around string theory, the feeling I get from this is that the universe is actually a manifestation of maths, a projection from a realm of quantum data.
Can anyone please let me know which video he expands on the connection between viewing the area hinted at by c^2 in energy-mass equivalence and Schrödinger equation? He mentions it right before 14 mins in. Around @13:45 or so