Cosmic Journeys - Mars: Earth that Never Was
HTML-код
- Опубликовано: 26 авг 2024
- Did Mars long ago develop far enough for life to arise? If so, does anything still live within Mars' dusty plains, beneath its ice caps, or somewhere underground?
In 1964 the Mariner Four spacecraft flew by Mars and got a good look. What it saw looked more like the Moon than the Earth. Then, in the mid-1970's, two lander-orbiter robot teams, named Viking, went in for an even closer look. The landers tested the soil for the chemical residues of life. All the evidence from Viking told us: Mars is dead. And extremely harsh.
The mission recorded Martian surface temperatures from -17 degrees Celsius down to -107. We now know it can get even colder than that at the poles. The atmosphere is 95% carbon dioxide, with only traces of oxygen. And it's extremely thin, with less than one percent the surface pressure of Earth's atmosphere.
And it's bone dry. In fact, the Sahara Desert is a rainforest compared to Mars, where water vapor is a trace gas in the atmosphere. On Earth, impact craters erode over time from wind and water... and even volcanic activity. On Mars, they can linger for billions of years.
Earth's surface is shaped and reshaped by the horizontal movement of plates that make up its crust driven by heat welling up from the planet's hot interior. At half the width and only 11% the mass of Earth, Mars doesn't generate enough heat to support wide-scale plate tectonics.
Nor does it have the gravity to hold a thick atmosphere needed to store enough heat at the surface to allow liquid water to flow. Nonetheless, some areas that looked to Viking-era scientists like craters and volcanic areas, were later shown to be riverbeds, lake bottoms, and ocean shorelines.
If water once flowed on Mars' surface, where did it all go?
This was the scene at NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab in 2004. The twin rovers Spirit and Opportunity had just bounced down on the Red Planet. When the excitement died down, the rovers were set off on one of the most remarkable journeys in the history of planetary exploration. Missions like this could one day pave the way for a day when we'll view images from a real astronaut's camera.
Opportunity had come to rest in a small crater near the equator, at a spot called Meridiani Planum. Here, in plain view, on a nearby crater wall, its camera revealed exposed bedrock, the first ever seen on Mars. Not far away, the rover found layered rocks on the face of a cliff. On Earth, they typically form as sedimentary layers at the bottom of oceans.
And at every turn, Opportunity rolled across tiny, smooth, round pellets. They became known as "blueberries" because they appeared purplish-brown against Mars' rust-colored surface. Initially thought to be volcanic in origin, they turned out to be iron-rich spherules of the type that form within cavities in the mud at the bottom of an ocean.
Drilling into rocks, the rover inserted a spectrometer to read the mineral content. The readings showed significant amounts of sulfate salt, a tracer for standing water. That wasn't all. Spirit's broken wheel, dragging behind it, exposed soils saturated in salt.
Clearly there once was water on Mars' surface, but how long ago? And, if there is anything left, where would you find it? One possible answer: the North Pole. From orbit, this region seemed to be covered in frozen CO2 - what we call dry ice. But was there water ice below the surface?
Enter Phoenix, a lander that touched down near the North Pole in early 2008. Radar readings from orbit, taken by the Mars Express mission, hinted at the presence of ice just below the surface.
The Phoenix lander's descent thrusters blew away the top layer of soil, allowing its camera to snap pictures of what looked like ice. Scientists instructed the robot to conduct a simple experiment: reach out and dig a trench, then watch what happens.
As expected, clumps of white stuff appeared. A couple of days later, it was gone. Vaporized. That means it can't be salt or frozen CO2, which is stable in the cold dry temperatures of the Martian pole. So it had to be water, the first ever directly seen on Mars.
There are indications that the North Pole was actually warm enough in the recent past for water ice to become liquid. The Mars Reconaissance Orbiter, or MRO, used radar pulses to peer beneath the surface of the ice cap. These data reveal that the ice, just over a mile thick, formed in a succession of layers as the climate alternated between warm and cold.
Our planet avoids mood swings like this in part because its spin is stabilized by a massive moon. Mars' spin is not, so it can really wobble, with the pole tilting toward the sun for long periods. New observations by the MRO spacecraft show that these wobbles can lead to dramatic releases of CO2, and warming periods due to an increase in the greenhouse effect.
One of the most thorough documentaries on Mars that I've seen. Great stuff.
I hope you're right. I noticed your comment whilst tuning in..
Gustav Holst's "The Planets" plays as the video begins and the narration starts - very apt!
Hats off to Thomas Lucas. This is one of the best documentaries I've ever seen. Wish it was a full hour long!
Good,accurate,to the point video on mars,without a million spliced interviews
I'm so glad we have all these super smart scientists to tell us exactly how all these things came to be.
then, what's stopping you from, like, verifying this stuff? you can buy a telescope to check mars, basically any of them should be able to see it, if that's what you're worried about.
for the theories, its the best info we have. we cant actually verify by going back in time or anything, we just landed a probe there, found water ice in the ground, and theorized about where it came from.
Mars has, and always will, fascinate me. I especially love the movie "The Martian". Imagine being the only human on a strange, desolate, yet beautiful world. Maybe one day we will set foot on the planet but for now, a dream will have to do.
We are going to step foot on Mars. It hasn’t been a “dream” for years so idk why you would say that
I liked the Martian but don’t like Matt Damon.....after what he did in interstellar, the dirty stinkin’ traitor.....he deserves all he got
"We don't know how to live together on Earth, how the hell we are going to live together on Mars?" Jacque Fresco
.....good point !
five to ten years in an igloo, you better all be good friends. Bindar Dundat in the High Arctic.
a trick: you can watch movies at flixzone. Been using them for watching all kinds of movies lately.
@Cedric Terry Yea, been using flixzone for since december myself =)
She said "life as we know it". Reading things before responding stupidly is wonderful.
I really enjoyed the music. Straight from the seventies. So good!
Arizona or new Mexico is NASA's Mars. Wake up America
@@00tonytone lolwut
I always get people to have a look on RUclips for real planets and stars to find out what that l luminary actually is Tony Micel .
They’ve been rumbled with this fake as F footage eh?
Reading comments on You tube makes me question the existence of intelligent life.
Colnando you're right Darwin did win in the long run because on his deathbed he disavowed natural selection so he actually did win when he went to heaven. I don't believe in creationism I believe the universe 13.6 billion years old, Evolution does exist but it's not through blind random natural selection.
Adam Synergy love this comment 🤣
Adam, just go with it and have some fun. Some of these crazy bastards make me laugh.
Darwin didn't do any such thing...the only thing he did on his death bed was die!
That's because societie's system throws away most of the sharpest minds' dna: we select the ignorant from this messed up gene pool👎
this blokes voice remind me of the land before time
this is the best documentaries ever with a great narrator an very educational space information even for me a space lover amateur astronomer
this video makes me think, not only that life is possible on other planets, but also might have happened on our neighbor around the same time life started on earth.
and it also makes me think about how perfect in every way our planet is, and how the slightest of changes could possibly turn us into mars jr. in just a few minutes time.
*Mars in a nutshell:* _"The Sahara dessert is a rain forest compared to Mars."_
#Mars #Space #Science #NASA
Ral Crux lol, yikes right.
If you think about the story of Mar's desolation is sad.. but this is amazing
Dick Rodstein (the narrator) has my second favorite voice of all time, the first being Morgan Freeman.
Eewwww. Can’t take Freeman seriously as a narrator with those ugly earrings.
Phuck Morgan freeman that traitor of our constitution
alot of the music made me want to watch star wars, but all in all very interesting. This is just what makes Science awesome, it really makes you think!
I kinda wonder what would happen if somebody invented a super powered microwave strong enough to excite Mars's core, strengthening the gravitational field, and generating a more denser atmosphere...
Happy Squirrel one of the most important things a planet needs is a moon like Earth has, honestly without our moon Earth may have never had any life whatsoever, our moon is so key to so much of what has taken place here on Earth.
The narrator has the most soothing voice
Fan here in the Philippines 🌴😁💗
I believe it has to do with the relation between pressure and temperature -they're directly proportional- & the difference in the atmospheric pressure of Mars, compared to Earth.
And this is my second most favorite video on RUclips (after your Venus death piece). Love these two vids you did. Call me weird!
NICE ANIMATED VIDEOS
i originally didnt like the first video i saw but then it grew on me, i started to like them because of how specific and dedicated each video is on a topic compared to larger productions which feel the need to cover 100 different things by the time you finish watching it
Gives me chills
Jay R Are you a beautiful girl?!
newbihack You opinion matters to you, ONLY. :)
Ovidiu Drobotă
Nope. I think that opinion could be of great worth.
I'm a Christian and I absolutely LOVE this channel. :D
a1ananth 20-year old, actually.
What 12 year old do you know that attends a college?
***** I don't even know who he is. D:
***** Fictional people don't count.
Only real ones.
***** I'm 20.
I've built computers before, too.
I don't think a 12 year old could do that.
And wow, that site is funny. ::p
***** If anyone was trying to troll me, it was the guy who first said I was 12.
I don't think that site is for real anyways, I don't know how it could be.
I mean, college just wouldn't be a friendly environment for a 12 year old even if they WERE smart enough to get in.
this series is AWESOME.. Thank you so much!
Can't unsee, good find.
What if Mercury were guided into a collision with Mars, giving it a large iron core to create a magnetosphere and enough mass to hold on to a thick atmosphere?
That background music is too distracting.
Best pictures of Mars Ive seen yet.
Mars - Gustav Holst In the background at the beginning. FAVORITE piece of music ever. Just had a mini spaz attack.
Nice!!! Love the video
always in service for the good of mankind
Always☺️
Whatever you were trying to say here can be officially declared as one of the world's top mysteries.
Cool, I went to go see that concert earlier this week, it was very good!
if a comet can end life on Mars, It may also bring back life to Mars, Try to push a comet to Impact Mars, I understand there is many comet near by Mars, Use rocket to push the comet
lol
heh, like that would actually work
MrTheVraptor Well, you never know. Hey, there might be people with enough money to want to try this. Think of the kudos... lol
Seriously though...
It is possible that the original bodies (Mars and Earth) hit each-other creating earths moon and greatly slowly earths day from about 6 hours to the just under 24 hours we have now.
I, uh.....I don’t.......what?
I love some of the Star Wars inspired music, lol.
Interesting and informative, just like always!
Great documentary and Narrator.
Excellent program!! Thanks :)
and you're playing Gustav Holst "Mars" :)
these are scars caused by intense electrical discharge or lightning strikes. none of these canyons have inlets or outlets not caused by water erosion
This’s a beautiful planet. I love Mars
Best 25 minutes of my life :)
This is amazing''.,,
Commerciele reizen naar mars zijn mogelijk in toekomst
Very interesting & possible !!!!
Very interesting & possible !!!!
and now so much more
this is FAKE
Amazing, this universe we live in.
Ukuklu
Nice choice of music for the intro. ;)
Very good video. Thanks.
should plant some trees on mars :)
Mr beast 7 years ago right here
They would freeze
Our moon will be an excellent place for us acquire the experiences needed to colonize a planet if we can survive there we can survive mars easily.
An none of this was by design. Simply amazing!!!
holy shit, that opening song is from outpost. childhood memories galore
Theres only rock, Stones, rusty and Xenon 129. Scars of destrucción a deth planet.
Actually, the reasons Venus and Mars are not like Earth are quite simple - they are the wrong distance from the sun and neither has a large moon. Earth proves that life can rise quickly even in harsh conditions but it also shows that complex life - much less sentient life - is probably extremely rare.
We still are not sure about Mars. Empty lake beds prove nothing nor do polar ice caps, volcanoes and temperature. Considering the ease and speed of life on Earth, it's reasonable to assum that it at least started on Mars although the time frame was surely reduced.
Venus cant have a moon because even if it did venus would just keep pulling it apart so it would just keep fading away and away until finally it was nothing
Thanks for the very informative video description!
Amazing channel!
Mars to Earth: "I'm gonna be just like you big brother! We're gonna live together forever and make so many cool creatures! :D"
... I made myself sad :I
depression on a cosmic scale
:)
Aww
Poor Mars I cri everytim
SAME BRO!!
swegg But what if Mars was not kill?
+Starshock kill lol maybe, mars has trees , animal because the mars core explode the magma flow over all the planet and cause rocks and because of old the rocks become sand and the coldness above the mars sometimes the ice,snow melt the water goes down in the mars and some of the water flow and dry and become salt :O
+Starshock did you see that? *camera zooms to water on Mars as illuminatis appeared*
+pipola5594 Salcedo at 7:32, listen closly to the music as he's explaining about traces found at ocean shorelines... LOOK at that BLUE ass land! If Mars is the red planet, why is there blue grounds? Mars really isnt what we think it is.
I am maaaaaaaaaaaad. This was amaizing man
Glad there are people who share my views! What can I say, we all find answers in different places and different ways, starting from different assumptions (mine is the power of mankind to steer its own future towards a good shared by the many, despite the tendency for the opposite shown in history). Mars is special because of its apparent "futility". The ability to ask for more than just tools (a hammer, an aspirine...), to wonder and be amazed is the true miracle to me, i.e. human conscience.
If we could somehow cultivate a plant strong enough to withstand the atmosphere in Mars, we could deliver a lot of these plants to Mars over time and turn that carbon dioxide into useful oxygen for humans.
@Teddles Peddles "You're"
if we ever can found settlements on mars or even the moon. this is ,as of yet, only possible in animations or speculations.
KH2 reference in the title???
lol yea XD the final mission world lol
The lack of a magnetic field and ozone layer to protect against solar radiation also provides an extra layer of difficulty to surviving long-term on the surface.
On the other hand, I agree that finding water is not the same as discovering life. If one were searching for life, and it were necessary that they locate it rather quickly, but instead only found microscopic organisms, they would be out of luck.
Humans altimate achievement would be to make Mars another Earth.
+Frank K If Mars was really like Earth back then, Mars would be Earth's brother. Mars has become a canvas for which we could return it (Paint it) to they way Mars was in it's glory days.
***** Correct....... 2.7 billion years ago. Venus somehow ended up looking worse then Mars and it survived 1.3 billion years longer. lol
***** No Mars lost water due to a weak magnetic field. Venus lost water due to a supposed asteroid that slammed Venus causing the planet to flip on it's axis and a loss of most of the water into space. And any remaining water on the surface would turn into carbon dioxide and get absorbed by the atmosphere and the hydrogen would get lost into space.
some scientist said teraforming mars is not possible.
I don't think that we should do that to mars. just let it be. we need to focus on saving our own planet. going to another planet is a cheap and lazy move. its like lets just ignore the problems here and move on instead of fixing them.
Whoever compiled the data for this doco has completely ignored massively important data.
Does ANYONE know the answers to the following questions:
Question: What happens when a massive electromagnetic field collapses, say about the size of the ex-Martian magnetosphere?
Answer: It returns ALL that stored electromagnetic energy back to its generating body in the form of electrical energy in what is called a 'back-spike'. This is known electrical fact.
Question: What would the results of such a back-spike would look like?
Answer: After the initial MASSIVE ELECTRICAL LASHING on a scale of nobody's business (so bright, you'd see if from Earth), it would leave LARGE DEEP DENDRITIC CHANNELS etched in the surface RESEMBLING canyons & channels as worn by water, with scalloped edges. There'd be 'blueberries' everywhere, especially in the presence of large available deposits of iron (Mars IS red). Half the surface body mass would be vaporized away & so would be at a lower altitude (you know, the hemisphere with hardly ANY craters left, probably coz they're all vaporized away with the surface) while the other hemisphere would have the dendritic welding etch marks. We'd even see the strange 'wave marks' on the bottoms of craters. Over time, we'd see the atmosphere all but gone with only heavier gases hanging long enough to make an appearance as they leave the surface on their way into space. EXACTLY AS WE ARE OBSERVING ON MARS RIGHT NOW.
Yes, Mars did have water on it at one stage, but not near as much as the scientific community is assuming. We have NO REASON to assume that Mars had as much water as Earth originally coz 80% of Earth's water doesn't match the rest of the planet's atomic signature anyway - it came later & from somewhere else.
EVERYTHING that we're seeing on Mars which is confusing us right now is the DIRECT RESULT of a MASSIVE BACK-SPIKE FROM WHEN THE PLANET'S ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD COLLAPSED.
And before anyone does a knee-jerk refusal of this, go watch 'The Lightning Scarred Planet Mars' by Thunderbolts Project on RUclips. Their origin theory is different to mine but their evidence is compelling - these guys have truly done their research but I fear the community doesn't listen because of FUNDING FIGHTS...
Interesting.
+Trevor Thompson Interesting Indeed.
Is that Morgon Freeman?
if another planet was close by, that could ground out the energy off mars. the trench looks like electric discharge of another planet moving past as it arked out the trench.
leighatkins: i new you are electricalhead universal after reading 5lines of comment. Sorry, i see exaggeration and mixed up physics in their theory. No different from Fon Denicken and all who need to sell their cococtions.. Proof?
Although I share the fascination with exploring and understanding all that is out there, I have to agree with you rushy548. There are millions of humans deprived of the most basic essentials to thrive and yet, those of us who are advantaged find greater solace in watching videos about a dead desert world. There is an irony to the modern age that I do not think can compare to any previous era of human extravagance, arrogance and waste.
I believe in Martians!
atlantis was never an island. it was mars long long ago.
Charlie Guiang
No it wasn't. You're thinking of Cleveland.
+Diamond Golem seems leit? that seems legit
+Charlie Guiang Sure. And I was Julius Caesar in my previous life.
Interesting ...
Atlantis is just a symbolism today, of a place far more technologically advanced than us. It does not even matter anymore if there ever was a place like that, let us just say that it will remain ever elusive. Atlantis was in Iron age when all the rest were in copper age. Atlantis would be in the Industrial age when everyone else was in Renaissance. Atlantis would be a multiplanet empire with a Martian capital when we made our world wars. And Atlantis will be somewhere in Alpha Centauri when we get to colonise Mars. The list goes on...
Welcome to RUclips :)
I know I find the Idea fascinating. I currently studying astrobiology and what we have discovered with curiosity is amazing.
The narrator's name is "dick" :)
Dick _Rod_stein.
A name like that can't go unpunished forever.
thumbs up if you like penguins
love Dick Rodstein! great narrator!
Humanity, earth: so much to learn, so little time. Incredible, beautiful...tragic.
if we can buried a nuclear reactor deep into Mars core, we may generate the magnetic field
You're making the Mars One mission sound less sucky for the one way colonists.
Human psychology is one of the biggest problems we have in getting to Mars. Right now, the best we can do is fit 1-3 people in a small spacecraft. Imagine dealing with the same single person for almost 17 months, with little to no privacy. With the ISS, the crew can at least talk with family and friends on Earth. On a mission to Mars, you can't have any real-time conversation with a person other than your crew-mate.
That's why we make spacecraft go faster than the speed of sound on their journey to Mars, but that still takes 6 months.
I'll stick them on my list! I still don't have a bigger bookcase, but one can never have enough Niven, and those -are- kinda classics anyway. :)
I love all of these.
It's absolutely fantastic.
Müthiş bilgiler. Paylaşımlarınız için çok teşekkürler.
Yusuf YAMAN
This is how Earth could turn out one day
I love these visuals
lmaooo! 2:30 i was expecting the guy to say "mars does not give... a fuck about..."
your right! we are extremly lucky that life can exist on earth.
Mars is like our very own tattoine from Starwars
Great video, very interesting.
exactly, it's nice to see a fellow believer
I love everything about our universe.
I like how this video is not one sided. Perhaps the ancient civilizations here on Earth stole the elements and effected the stability of Mars.
Have you even ever been to Mars? If not, how can you say it sucks? I was there last week. It was awesome, they had a roller coaster and everything!
Mars is a tear-down of a planet BUT it's fascinating and can be made good by us. We should go.
Mars is truly an interesting planet and a great mystery might be hidden there.
So this video is telling us that mars is trying bring itself back into a healthy planet. thats rather cool.
Amazing!
Imagine if it was life that curiosity found on mars! I can't even...
What would we do with them if we found them? Couldn't bring them here..we would need to go to them.
....could we be the next mars? if we continue to overlook important issues to save our planet??? I think YES!
Thanks for this video!