Always dangerous to comment before I finish watching the video (I've seen the first 25 minutes so far), but the paper is interesting and I have thoughts that I don't want to forget. I can think of an argument for why moral responsibility requires some form of free will -- I'm not sure if it's a great argument, but it's good enough that I'll share it for the sake of discussion. A liberal could argue that the reason responsibility is tied to free will is that it's fundamentally unfair to treat people differently based on things they can't control. In essence, our equal capacity for rational decision-making demands that everyone be afforded a certain degree of equal respect, and it follows from this that only a person's choices justify breaking that default respect and punishing them. So if a person is punished for a reason that doesn't stem from their choices, they're essentially being punished arbitrarily -- since they can't control the thing that causes them to be punished, it's wrong to break the default respect that all humans are owed (e.g. it's wrong to violate people's rights). So on the one hand, there are big problems with this liberal line of reasoning. It's not clear that all humans are equally capable of rational decision-making (this line of thinking has the dangerous implication that children or mentally disabled adults are morally worth less than others), and this argument also more or less imagines all humans in a context-less vacuum, devoid of things like their history and their different abilities and places in society. On the other hand, this is a very common articulation of why bigotry is wrong, since bigotry also punishes people for things they can't control, and that example might demonstrate why some find it a dangerous idea to say that you can be morally responsible for something out of your control. But regardless, in my opinion, the reason that morality is tied to free will so commonly is that it follows very clearly from liberal ideas that have been dominant in western philosophy for centuries. Perhaps that is obvious, and perhaps you even say that in the parts of your video I haven't watched yet, but I just wanted to articulate this before I forgot.
Always dangerous to comment before I finish watching the video (I've seen the first 25 minutes so far), but the paper is interesting and I have thoughts that I don't want to forget. I can think of an argument for why moral responsibility requires some form of free will -- I'm not sure if it's a great argument, but it's good enough that I'll share it for the sake of discussion. A liberal could argue that the reason responsibility is tied to free will is that it's fundamentally unfair to treat people differently based on things they can't control. In essence, our equal capacity for rational decision-making demands that everyone be afforded a certain degree of equal respect, and it follows from this that only a person's choices justify breaking that default respect and punishing them. So if a person is punished for a reason that doesn't stem from their choices, they're essentially being punished arbitrarily -- since they can't control the thing that causes them to be punished, it's wrong to break the default respect that all humans are owed (e.g. it's wrong to violate people's rights).
So on the one hand, there are big problems with this liberal line of reasoning. It's not clear that all humans are equally capable of rational decision-making (this line of thinking has the dangerous implication that children or mentally disabled adults are morally worth less than others), and this argument also more or less imagines all humans in a context-less vacuum, devoid of things like their history and their different abilities and places in society. On the other hand, this is a very common articulation of why bigotry is wrong, since bigotry also punishes people for things they can't control, and that example might demonstrate why some find it a dangerous idea to say that you can be morally responsible for something out of your control. But regardless, in my opinion, the reason that morality is tied to free will so commonly is that it follows very clearly from liberal ideas that have been dominant in western philosophy for centuries. Perhaps that is obvious, and perhaps you even say that in the parts of your video I haven't watched yet, but I just wanted to articulate this before I forgot.