Energy Levels, Energy Sublevels, Orbitals, & Pauli Exclusion Principle
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- Опубликовано: 11 июн 2024
- Energy Levels, Energy Sublevels, Orbitals, & Pauli Exclusion Principle.
Chemistry Lecture #21.
Note: The concepts in this video (spin, orbits, etc.) are analogies and not literal descriptions of electron behavior and atomic structure.
For a pdf transcript of this lecture, go to www.richardlouie.com
Definitly the best explaination - it only took one watch to understand it! And why? Because he explained every step using clear diagrams and didn't suddenly wizz over important bits or skip essential details. Many thanks.
Awesome explanation and the rate is just right for students to understand! I love this! Thanks very much!
My best teacher
What is AN explanation in science???What does it mean to understand something????From an epistemolgical standpoint, modern science does a VERY poor job answering these basic questions!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Modern science without sound epistemolgical underpinnings will eat itself alive which is what is taking place right now!!!!!!!!!!!
@@NikkyKnowsUNzs2001 First of all, I'm glad Nikola is still with us ;-) These are deep questions, Nikola. I guess, an explanation is just the best guess we came up with till now (in Modern Physics for example). And we seem to understand things when this guess is confirmed by experiments. Nobody ever saw an electron or a quark but they seem to fit in with reality ... so far.
@@jacobvandijk6525 In physics you need REAL objects, not concepts to perform a PHYSCIAL action against another PHysical entity!!This is why it is called physics!!!You cannot start out with ALL of these assumptions!!!Math is NOT science!!!Since you actually ringed my bell, let me know if you want my definitions for the above questions, because i have them, they are much more rigorous in there definitions which is critial to "DO GOOD SCIENCE"!!!These are basic questions that must have solid, sound, non circular def... or we cannot have a theory described by words, if these words don't have rigorous unambigous meanings in their def...... THIS IS THE FIRST STEP to a theory!!!YOu cannot use words that at one moment mean this in this context and then in another moment another physicist uses the word in another context. THIS IS SO UNSCIENTIFIC!!!!!!!!PHYSICS DEALS WITH REAL "OBJECTS" THAT Actually 'EXIST" not concepts!!!!In physics first you identify the object by pointing to it, THEN YOU MOVE it!!!What are they accelerating at cern, A NON ENITITY, a mathematical point, TODAYS scientists are matematical nuts!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
This video is the best example of what it is to have a good teacher. I watched few videos of presenters on this same subject, they made it look complicated and I never saw the pattern. Watching this one clip, I did not even need to memorize, but actually saw and can repeat what he presented without taking any notes.
A very clear video that made a ton of sense. Now I understand how electrons are distributed in sublevels and orbitals.
Very clear explanation...Thank u very much sir....
I told people loui ,is the universal chemist...
What does it mean to make sense in the context of physics!!!!What is "AN energy Level"??Is this an object or a concept!!!!I took all of chemistry and physics classes in high school and college and left the classroom with mostly A's, couple B's, YET came out of the classroom with 1 million times more questions about these subjects than before I started studying these subjects!!!!!!When students today say math, science are hard, what they are really saying is when they try to learn this material with logic, it does not make "Sense with good logic"(to understand), and is therefore NOT understandable when presented in the way in which most proffesors present this material!!MATH and doing mesurements with different kinds of equations is NOT SCIENCE at all, although it is great for the racket we call the university "system" that feeds the main racket we call capitalism!!Science today needs to return to its roots in natural philosophy!!!!!!!!
An excellent presentation. Clear and concise. My college chemistry and physics classes are 60 years behind me, and this was still better than anything semesters of lectures taught. Thanks.
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THE best explanation for visual learners!! I had a hard time understanding orbitals until coming across your video (the textbook makes it so complex). It helps to recreate the drawings in your notes and label everything. Thank you so much!
You are literally the best ever, the textbooks just don't apply the break down that you do, we just need a visual realization of the concept and you provided that thank you so much!!!!! I understand!!!
I could never visualize the connections between shells, subshells and orbitals so this solved my misunderstandings! Thanks a mil!
Question- why do electrons spin in opposite directions?
Honestly, I don't know why two electrons spin in opposite directions when they occupy the same orbital. It may be that they behave like two magnets occupying the same space. The magnets must be oriented so that the south pole of one magnet faces the north pole of the other. If two identical poles face each other, the magnets will flip so that only opposite poles face each other. Likewise, electrons may flip so that they have opposite spins. Having identical spins would be analogous to two magnets oriented with identical poles facing each other.
If two electrons, which are fermions, had the same spin they would have the same quantum number which is disallowed.This would lead to an inconsistency in their wave function (zero everywhere if we exchange them) and therefore is disallowed.
@@exponentmantissa5598 man electrons are not fermions they are fundamental leptons
@@rickh2033 The two groups are not mutually exclusive. I spent 2 years working part time at an accelerator lab when I was an undergrad engineer. An electron is indeed a fermion, Wiki or any other physics site will tell you this.
Adelle Stollmeyer Since it has a half-integer spin, an electron is a member of a class of sub-atomic particles called "fermions" which obey rules called the Pauli Exclusion Principle and Fermi-Dirac statistics - one key result of these rules is that no two identical fermions can simultaneously occupy the same quantum state: you cannot have two electrons in the same orbital if they have the same spin orientation, so if one is +1/2, the other must be -1/2, and no more can be added because a third would have to adopt the same quantum state as the one of the first two. That’s a lot of Quantum mechanics....not fr high school.....so not very sure if that answers it for you...u could go to a theoretical chemist to know the answer to this though.....
I could not explain how grateful I am, I finally understood this, and I just had to watch the video Once.
I found this youtube for my son, that is the best explanation I see. I hope all teachers like Richard. Thanks Richard. You are the best
YOU ARE SUCH AN ANGEL! YOU BLESSED ME WITH THIS VIDEO! I HOPE GOD BLESSES YOU WITH LOTS OF HAPPINESS!❣️😭
I'm trying to understand this since 4 years ! very clear lecture. loved it. Now I wont forget this ever. Thanks a lot.
By far, you were the only one that helped me understand this! I thank you so so so much. Been searching everywhere and I finally got it! keep up the amazing teaching!!
Forever grateful!!!
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Knowing the principles of a Science DOES NOT make you a qualified teacher . What differentiates a teacher from an ordinary science graduate of any field, is the distinct ability of the first one to spread his expertise especialy to a kid or a student who is using his knowledge as a raft to explore the world around him or her. Very well expalined ! Well done ! Thank you!
Just to clarify, electrons don't actually "spin." That aside, this is a superb presentation. Very very well done.
Isn't 'spin' just another way to say angular momentum or am I thinking of something else?
8
@@davebowles1957 i believe our angular momentum is the l , and m_l is our magnetic number and spin is just known as spin
One more thing they do not move in circles or elepticals they revolve in spheres randomly
I really admire that you create a visualization for orbitals, sublevels, etc. because it is really difficult to comprehend in my brain something so small as electrons. I appreciate you for that!!! Definitely subscribed to your channel
I studies these 35 years back. When my son in AS level ask me to explain and help him, I hit upon this video. 12min is all it took to refresh. Thank you.
I already posted a detailed comment on the video for the second part of this lecture.
Meanwhile, I felt that the least I can do to show my appreciation for the way you explained this subject clearly is to come here and post again. Thank you, I really appreciate how meticulously, clearly, and in a simple way you explained it.
Hello,
This is by far the best video I have ever watched about electron configuration and electron orbitals. I was really struggling in class, I watched many videos and read many articles, but this video is by far the best. I loved the diagrams; they really helped me visualize and actually understand the concepts. Thank you so much! I can't thank you enough!
Seriously, the best video I have come across. Thoroughly detailed, I love the use of the pictures and words they go well hand in hand. This video is the definition of how to teach a student any particular concept. Extremely Well done!
You don't know how much I searched for THIS video!! I'm literally into tears rn😭 Thank you! Thank you so much for breaking that down in a simplified manner! I appreciate you!
FINALLY!!!! OMG I finally understand. Thank you for doing more with a pen and several sheets of paper than anyone else could do with animations, graphics, and fireworks.
I watched over 20 chemistry videos for 3 days and still could'nt figure this out until I stumbled upon this video
Me too, this helped me a lot
This is the best video on this topic. Period.
Simply the best! Thank you so much Mr. Louie! I thought it was the end of me when I tried to review the material we were given in class, because none of it made any sense. THIS makes sense! The use of the magnified diagrams and drawings made a world of difference. I am currently in the first semester of my first year of university and I discovered your channel just in time sir. Thank you, thank you, thank you!
There's more than one lesson being taught here. Richard Louise's lecture on energy levels and orbitals shows the importance of clear presentation using simple methods. We've all seen countless flashy and polished animations of electrons which, in their own right, are technically brilliant. However, I learned more in 10 minutes of Richard's lecture than in all of the polished animations I've ever watched on the subject.
I'm reminded of being fortunate enough to see some of the late Rodney Hillier's (Bristol Univ) lectures on Astronomy. Another wonderful lecturer who could condense an hour's lecture on complex subjects into just three handwritten OHP slides and leave you feeling that you really understood the matter. Thank you Richard. That is a great talent you have.
I have really struggled to visualise and understand the connection between levels and sublevels but your drawing at 6:50 does it perfectly. Thank you v much!
Me too ... And this has removed all the confusions. May you be happy whereever you are.
"The best conceptual video i have ever seen " thanx a lot i needed that part
This is easily the best explanation of this subject that I have found. No garbage just facts.
BEST explanations out there, no extra detailing and confusing the students.. thanks a lot !!
Very good lecture and the best I've seen on this subject and I now understand it. Thanks Richard
Thank you so much for this simplified lesson with clear explanations.
You're my 5th video on this topic and you are the only one that made this make any sense THANK YOU!!! Someone please give this man an award!
This video is so underrated! Simple and direct to the point. You have my thanks, Sir!
Thank you so much for teaching it perfectly! Thanks a million!
I just can't express my gratitude towards your explanation. I watched many videos but I did not get the satisfied explanation. But your video is just amazing. Thank you so so much. Keep your good work sir. 👍🏻
This is one of the most wonderful videos I've come across. You broke this down so simply. You have a gift. Thank you!
I LITERALLY NEVER COMMENT ON VIDEOS BUT THIS VIDEO IS THE BEST EXPLANATION OF HYBRIDIZATION ON THE INTERNET . . . JUST WOW!! I spent so long trying to find one video I could understand, and none of them made sense to me, until I found this!!! THANK YOU!!
not sure why i was having such a hard time with my text book, this helped a lot. thanks a bunch
your video is very very helpful for me. It gave me clear understanding of orbitals and where electrons exactly exist.
You made so much easier my visualization of levels, sublevels and orbitals. I couldn't visualize how they were inside an atom and now I can. Thank you!
You are one of the best tutor , Without this I was just unable to understand subshells and orbitals👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏🥇
Great explanation it took a couple of minutes to understand it. After hours of frustration reading the text book. Thank you so much.
The best explaination i have ever heard from years .. excellent teacher
This is phenomenal, you taught this better than anyone I have ever seen ever.
What a great teacher! Simple, clear and easy to understand! Thank you.
Thanks a million. Truly the best explanation ever. You're an awesome teacher.
thank you!!!finally understood some chemistry :D
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I agree with many others, this is one of the easiest explanations that I have seen. Thank you.
Wow! Now I am confident that I can master chemistry; thanks to you Mr. Richard Louie! Some were born to write text books ,however,you Mr. Louie were born with the special gift to teach effectively and succinctly.
What a clear explanation! I learned a lot. Thanks!
thank you So much. Just in 12 min covered 30 minutes lecture.
This guy is great! His explanations are accompanied by very clear illustrations that enable you to visualize exactly what's going on.
Definitely, the best video that explains the Electron configuration! Thanks
Really ! I am very happy because this video make my allmost all douts are clear ...
BEST VIDEO 👌🏻 ...
Thanks for video, very clear presentation.
The best teacher for 2 the past and next decades awards goes to this teacher who made this video
I've watched videos of bozeman, prof dave, khan, organic chem, etc. but still can't comprehend and picture out this concepts, only your discussion made me understand all this topics and I could finally picture out sublevel and orbitals! what a great discussion and video!
What a legend... THANKS!
I'm very thankful to you for this information
Thank you for explaining me a topic that none of the others videos even with animations could explain as clearly as you!!!
Did he just explain what took another teacher an hour in just 12 minutes? Thank you so much for the video. It really helped.
Thanks alot this makes much sense to me now I have come to clear understanding. Please keep making more videos and God bless you
its amazing explanation!!!!! i understand thank you for doing this video
Best video on electron orbitals I've come across yet! Thank you Richard
Sir Now I understood completely in detailed about energy level, sublevels,orbitals. Thanks a ton sir.
Thanks! I still had Bohr model stuff in my mind, and jumping too fast to quantum, I got very confused by the configuration and the Aufbau principle. I didn't understand the notation for energy levels, sublevels and orbitals until you broke down the whole "anatomy". The old model, where electrons appear to orbit the nucleus like planets around the sun is way different, and misleading before learning the complexity of electron locations at any one time. I'll be looking for more of your lectures.
This is the best explanation of electron configurations, that I have come across so far. Thank you so much. It really allowed me to get a concise mental picture of this topic.
Studying for the MCAT here. This IS AMAZING! After watching multiple videos, I could not visualize or understand how all these numbers and values came together until I watched this video! Thank you!!
The best lecture I have seen online for this that does not assume we already know everything before we watch it. It fills in all the knowledge gaps. The only thing I wonder about is your mention of circular orbits when scientists are saying now that electrons do not orbit in a planetary fashion as in your descriptions.
bro you teaching is paramount blessing and I hope good bless you overwhelmingly bro. love in the house 🇹🇹😂❤
well explained,nice job
Hello, we are providing free Chem/bio online classes. if you want to learn chemistry, biology and any other subjects please feel free to visit www.gorestutoring.com
For more details call or whatsapp 00971 52 768 95 65
Email:- goresedusolutions@gmail.com
This was GREAT! way better teaching than the professor I'm paying for
It is the best video on RUclips about spdf. I understood everything completely. Thank you.
Thanks so much this video just helped me understand how to calculate the energy level in 2019 and how to understand the sub level
www.canva.com/design/DAEEePTc_rc/FBhcGzU_DQmnozZWBzNfSg/view?DAEEePTc_rc& Hello dear friends. İt is a book about this. İn this book you understand better how is word. Read this book. Also it is very interesting. My some friends liked this book
i love you so much. i wish you taught my chemistry class.
Great work! many years I have left this subject but stumbled over this while looking for a way to help my boy. Just this was enough to refresh my memory. What a great work!
You nailed it. Best explanation video on RUclips. Cheers.
thanks alot for your help
Wow nice teaching sir
Thank goodness for this video ! I have forever been confused how energy levels, sub-levels and orbitals are related! This is the BEST explanation and video out there. This was always the most confusing thing. Thank you!!!!!
this was by far the best and clearest explanation ive seen! thank you SO much!!
Thank you!
useful，thanks
I've watched many videos on this topic and this is THE best one out there.
Thank you.
Thank you for saving me of the stress of going through that textbook that literally confuses me the more I try to grasp it ,you are a really good chemistry teacher
thank you for this lecture can you post some more chemistry lectures
Thanks for the feedback. Go to www.richardlouie.com and you'll find a list of links to all the chemistry lectures that I've put on youtube.
Sir well done but electrons are not in rest in orbitals they move around nucleus so how electrons are in orbitals they go around
One of the most explicit videos I have watched about atoms❤❤
Finally! A step by step logical approach with perfect illustration. Thank you!
some one clear my doubt.
why don't we have n=5,
if we have what will happen to the angular momentum quantum number l=4? what will be its shape?
we have more than 119 elements.
how will we accommodate all the electron when we have only n=4?
Nandhini Puppy We can assume the value of n as any positive natural number. However for teaching purposes n=4 is pretty much enough
However...with the increase of value of n, the shell with have more sub shells and more orbitals
Melt Down
sir please clear me this doubt.
when n=5
l=0,1,2,3,4
when l=0 s orbital
when l=1 p orbital
when l =2 d orbital
when l= 3 f orbital
when l= 4 ?
@@nandhinipuppy4357 First of all, sorry for the late reply
When I = 4, then the orbital name would be 'g'.Orbitals for ℓ > 3 continue alphabetically, omitting 'j' because some languages do not distinguish between the letters "i" and "j"
@@nandhinipuppy4357 Hope i was able to help 😁😊
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Thank you this made me understand why! Other videos just said ohhhh n=1 has 2 electrons, n=2 has 8 but they didn't explain why. This makes so much sense! Thank you!
A midst of my depression in understanding chemistry this really made clear to me.. a millions thanks to you sir! I couldn't visualize myself how i would be able to understand this concept without your video! 😍
When he said 1 direction at 10:25 , I was lyk yayyyy...idk y
im shocked by how good this presentation was. Thank you!
I'm doing online school during COVID-19 and was learning about orbitals and electrons but was getting so lost.... Searching through RUclips to understand better didn't help, until I stumbled open your video. Thank You! You explained it so well!
THE BESTTTT channel. This is literally amazing. thank you.
We discussed this lesson on 8th grade and again on 9th grade. I dont quite understand it, just memorized it. But this video really helps in my understanding! It's very helpful!
I wanted to thank you enough, but couldn't find the best word, so i thank Almighty God for creating a person like you.
You are amazing Richard. Thank you so much for sharing the knowledge in a comprehensive way!
You made it look so simple, easy and crystal clear....Excellent presentation.