Dude, thank you so much for this. I know I'm just a few years late, but your video took me from not understanding Hardy Weinberg at ALL to understanding it perfectly. I sincerely hope you're having a good day, you've certainly made mine. Thank you!!!
The video really helped because I have been really confused in AP-Biology over the Hardy Weinberg problem solving, but this video cleared things right up, Thank You.
Thank you so much for this video! I cannot tell you how much I struggled with this in high school and now for university finals, I can finally understand this concept because of this one video. :) Thanks for being so awesome.
Believe it or not, HW equations are something you need to know for the USMLE Step 1. This was the only video which finally made me understand it. Thank you.
Thank you for breaking down the allele and phenotype explanation of the equation. Finding out the root of each variable helped me keep them in order when applying the proper methods!
Hey Mark, you left a 2 star review of the snap fitness at linebaugh and Sheldon and wanted to ask you why? We would love to have you come in and let us know how we can be better and offer you a free month at the club to try to make up for whatever you didn't find acceptable. 813-322-3122. Thank you for your time 10613 Sheldon Rd Tampa FL 33626
Thank you so so much! This made it so easy to understand! I had to miss this particular lecture and was a bit intimidated to try learning it on my own. You saved my bacon for tomorrow's exam! (Conservation Genetics @ UC Davis)
Your last problem for Cystic Fibrosis is making the assumption that we already know that C.F is recessive. So as I started working out the problem I don't really think there was a way to really figure this out unless you already knew that C.F. is recessive.
True, but geneticists certainly have ways to figure out how a trait is inherited ... this assumes the trait is indeed genetic and inherited in a simple, Mendelian way (autosomal or sex-linked, dominant or recessive as an allele) ... but the typical way to do that is to cross organisms with and without the trait and study multiple generations (or if in humans study many generations of families and figure out who showed the trait and who did not). Could go here for more info: ruclips.net/video/IzP53hPmGpU/видео.html
What about a problem that does not mention organisms like this one: "If one out of every 25 alleles for a characteristic within a population is recessive, what is the frequency of the dominant allele for this characteristic within the population? In fraction and decimal."
Sorry for very late reply, but sounds like they are directly giving you the allele frequency (q = 1/25), so p = 1 - 1/25 or 24/25 ... I did not cover this because this is not often the information that biologists have to begin with
Hey Liam, yes - any evolutionary force (one of which is genetic drift) would shift allele frequencies over generations, which could also shift expected genotype frequencies. Now that said, in real life it would depend on the impact of the evolutionary force. In the theoretical sense, genetic drift can only be eliminated when a population's size is infinitely large. This is obviously impossible, but a biologist could expect that the overall impact of genetic drift would be smaller if a population were very large. So Hardy-Weinberg is still a useful construct for estimation, and more applicable as a population better approximates the required conditions for eliminating evolutionary forces. Just like in chemistry, no gas perfectly follows the ideal gas law requirements, but in many cases we can still use the math if conditions are pretty close.
For the 3rd question...it is asking for how many are carriers but you only calculated the # of heterozygotes. Why not also add on the amount of homozygotes dominants?
We usually define "carriers" as someone who carries the recessive allele but does not show the trait in their overall phenotype. So that would just mean organisms that are heterozygous, not homozygous dominant
when you divide 30K/300 mil people, don't you multiply x 100 to give % ? so 30K people/300 m people = .0001 x 100 = 0.01= q^2. So...p^2(0.81) + 2p(0.9)q (0.1) + q^2(0.01)= 1....so, Heterogeneous carriers = 0.18 or 2pq
Technically don't you subtract 30,000 recessive for the trait from the 300,000,000 to leave the population that are possible carriers for cystic fibrosis? so 299970000 x 0.0198 = 59394060 ? It's asking for carriers and we already know the people who have the recessive trait.
No, the 0.0198 we are calculating is still the frequency of carriers in the OVERALL population of 300 million, not just the frequency of carriers amongst everyone who does not have cystic fibrosis.
My exam is in 1 hour. You're a life-saver. :)
+Whitney Porras Heh - hope it went well ... thanks for your support
+BleierBiology ji sir
boi
Did you pass?
@@maximeforest6052 By now he would be a CEO of the company....Its 4 years🤣🤣🤣
Dude, thank you so much for this. I know I'm just a few years late, but your video took me from not understanding Hardy Weinberg at ALL to understanding it perfectly. I sincerely hope you're having a good day, you've certainly made mine. Thank you!!!
I have a bio test tomorrow. This explained a lot. Thank you SO much.
I've watched countless videos and this is the one that got through to me. thank you so much!
The video really helped because I have been really confused in AP-Biology over the Hardy Weinberg problem solving, but this video cleared things right up, Thank You.
Thank you so much for this video! I cannot tell you how much I struggled with this in high school and now for university finals, I can finally understand this concept because of this one video. :) Thanks for being so awesome.
Believe it or not, HW equations are something you need to know for the USMLE Step 1. This was the only video which finally made me understand it. Thank you.
Thanks for the feedback, and good luck in your studies
literally managed to understand this concept completely through this video and have an exam tmr !!!
This makes AP Biology so much easier. Thanks!
watching this 2 days before STEP 1 and it is glorious. we stan talented teachers.
Thank you sir for explaining this topic in such a simple way. Now I can solve a lot of problems like this. Thank you!!
Thank you for breaking down the allele and phenotype explanation of the equation. Finding out the root of each variable helped me keep them in order when applying the proper methods!
Mark Smothermon Thanks ... Hardy-Weinberg can be quite tricky for many students
Hey Mark, you left a 2 star review of the snap fitness at linebaugh and Sheldon and wanted to ask you why? We would love to have you come in and let us know how we can be better and offer you a free month at the club to try to make up for whatever you didn't find acceptable. 813-322-3122. Thank you for your time 10613 Sheldon Rd Tampa FL 33626
Thank you so so much! This made it so easy to understand! I had to miss this particular lecture and was a bit intimidated to try learning it on my own. You saved my bacon for tomorrow's exam! (Conservation Genetics @ UC Davis)
The last sample question was so amazing.Thanks a bunch .
I thank to you, BleierBiology. You educated myself in a good way. Thank you so much!
You just saved my pre-ap biology grade, thank you!
your explanation is very good. Thank you so much.
So much easier. Ty!!!
Right on professor, you really helped further improve my knowledge, particularly with the practices.
Thank you so much!!! Transferred into school late, so I'm behind in Bio AP. This helps a lot!
+Cardiel Butler Thanks for your support - AP bio is a great course, good luck in your studies
+BleierBiology ya
I like this video. The second problem gave me a dominant allele for understanding Hardy-Weinberg problems better. Keep up the good work man :D
sir,thank u so much .your video was really of great help to me.....
That was very helpful, I am not so confused now, thank you!
Yoana Mitova Thanks for your support
Thank you. You give the best explantion.
Thank you so much this really help looking forward to more content 😊
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I wasnt understand from my prof and understanded from you 😂😂❤
Excellent explanation
This helped get some practice problems in! Thank you.
thank you, this was really easy to understand and work with.
More good than expected
Very conclusive. Thank you very much
it is possible to find p and q if you only know the frequency of the heterozygotes?
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Thanks sir 😊good explanation
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Hey! Thanks for this. ✨
Thank you!! awesome explanation
Thank you so much! You're a blessing :)
I watched this video back in bio 1 now im coming back to it in biology 2 oh joy lol. thanks for the video though it really helped.
+Celtic Wind uni bio?
Brilliant Thanks sir
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amasing!
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sunil kokne Thanks for the positive feedback
Thank youuuu
You saved me!
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Your last problem for Cystic Fibrosis is making the assumption that we already know that C.F is recessive. So as I started working out the problem I don't really think there was a way to really figure this out unless you already knew that C.F. is recessive.
True, but geneticists certainly have ways to figure out how a trait is inherited ... this assumes the trait is indeed genetic and inherited in a simple, Mendelian way (autosomal or sex-linked, dominant or recessive as an allele) ... but the typical way to do that is to cross organisms with and without the trait and study multiple generations (or if in humans study many generations of families and figure out who showed the trait and who did not). Could go here for more info: ruclips.net/video/IzP53hPmGpU/видео.html
Thanks a lot
Thank you sir
this is very helpful, thanks a ton!!!!! :)
Maryam Khalil Thanks for the positive feedback
Thanks
thanks!
Ans 1 36 percent
Answer 2 10 per
Ans 3 19.8 percent
Pls with the sample problem 2 i don't understand how you find 2pq if you could explain better for me thank you
What about a problem that does not mention organisms like this one:
"If one out of every 25 alleles for a characteristic within a population is recessive, what is the frequency of the dominant allele for this characteristic within the population? In fraction and decimal."
Sorry for very late reply, but sounds like they are directly giving you the allele frequency (q = 1/25), so p = 1 - 1/25 or 24/25 ... I did not cover this because this is not often the information that biologists have to begin with
thank you so much :)
Janella Yecyec Thanks for your support.
Thank you so much. Can you please come and teach my professor how to teach this subject, to be honest, he is hopeless :)
For question 3, why isn’t q2 just 30,000? Is it because H-W equation has to equal 1?
Sample 2 at 8 min mark: if p^2= 0.19....then p=0.43...1 - 0.43= 0.57 which = q and therefore q^2 = 0.32..... (p^2+2pq+q^2) = 0.19 + 0.49 + 0.32 = 1
0.19 showing dominant phenotype which includes both homozygous dominant and heterozygous dominant. 0.19 is not equal to q^2 but equal to q^2 +2pq.
A more simple approach for this question is to consider that 81% of a population shows the recessive phenotype then q^2 =0.81........q= 0.9.....p=0.1
Does random genetic drift invalidate Hardy-Weinberg expected genotype frequencies?
Hey Liam, yes - any evolutionary force (one of which is genetic drift) would shift allele frequencies over generations, which could also shift expected genotype frequencies.
Now that said, in real life it would depend on the impact of the evolutionary force. In the theoretical sense, genetic drift can only be eliminated when a population's size is infinitely large. This is obviously impossible, but a biologist could expect that the overall impact of genetic drift would be smaller if a population were very large.
So Hardy-Weinberg is still a useful construct for estimation, and more applicable as a population better approximates the required conditions for eliminating evolutionary forces. Just like in chemistry, no gas perfectly follows the ideal gas law requirements, but in many cases we can still use the math if conditions are pretty close.
thnk u sir
For the 3rd question...it is asking for how many are carriers but you only calculated the # of heterozygotes. Why not also add on the amount of homozygotes dominants?
We usually define "carriers" as someone who carries the recessive allele but does not show the trait in their overall phenotype. So that would just mean organisms that are heterozygous, not homozygous dominant
when you divide 30K/300 mil people, don't you multiply x 100 to give % ? so 30K people/300 m people = .0001 x 100 = 0.01= q^2. So...p^2(0.81) + 2p(0.9)q (0.1) + q^2(0.01)= 1....so, Heterogeneous carriers = 0.18 or 2pq
super i was confused to but i see i am not the only one thanks .........he miss carculate
in problem two
Technically don't you subtract 30,000 recessive for the trait from the 300,000,000 to leave the population that are possible carriers for cystic fibrosis? so 299970000 x 0.0198 = 59394060 ? It's asking for carriers and we already know the people who have the recessive trait.
No, the 0.0198 we are calculating is still the frequency of carriers in the OVERALL population of 300 million, not just the frequency of carriers amongst everyone who does not have cystic fibrosis.
number two i'm confused on ;o
He looks like pilot
ths was gud
What??????
Why you write sideways teach?😂
Thank you sir
Thanks so much :)
Thank you sir