This was most informative. I had not thought about vowel sounds with any depth and I had just accepted their presence within the language. This video gives additional color and texture to a phenomenal that I had simply exempted from examination. I recall an incident several years (decades?) ago when i was speaking the word “quote” but pronouncing it such that it sounded like “coat”. I remember my interlocutor being perplexed by what was saying and I also recall my being baffled by his confusion. Over time I’ve learnt to enunciate this better but the segment about diphthongs, illustrates this perfectly.
Thank you for your thoughtful comments, as always!! It's amazing how many things we encounter each day that we just do without understanding the how and why behind it. I guess it is inevitable, given in the increasingly complex world we live in. But I love it when the curtain is parted and I understand the inner workings of something!!! :-))
You are correct. In General American English, the /a, ɔ & ɑ/ are all merged to /ɑ/ or they never split like they did in England. We say 'bought' & 'bot' exactly the same and we say 'bath' just like 'bat' with an /æ/ sound. The question is whether a different vowel letter should be used or if it should be treated as an accent.
An interesting question. In my opinion, since the articulator placement is distinct, I would categorize these are distinct phonemes. However, if there are no words that differ only in this vowel sound (minimal pairs that differ only in this sound), then I guess they can be considered allophones as well! I am sure a linguist would have an interesting explanation as to what constitutes an allophone, and what does not!
The sensible definition of a vowel follows. A vowel sound has five attributes: 1. Produced by the vocal chords. 2. Exits the mouth, not the nose. 3. Is not combined with sounds produced by any other mouth parts (pops, clicks, whistles or hisses). 4. Can be sustained until you run out of breath. 5. The sound remains the same from beginning to end while sustained.
Ten pure vowels [no diphthongs]: 7M(U I Λ E R Q A O ᖶ Ů u i ʌ ε r q a o e ů) IPA(ʌ ɪ ɑ i [ɹ] u æ o̞ e ʊ) The Dark L also qualifies as a vowel sound by my definition. In North America we also do something called /æ/ raising in words where the /æ/ is followed by 'n', 'm' or 'ŋ', which replaces the /æ/ with an /ε/ or 'eh' sound as in 'Eh, what's up Doc'. I consider it an accent and don't give it a character of it's own.
You're the most knowledgeable person I've seen producing videos like this. I can't believe that you put /ɹ/ in the vowel chart. Isn't that heresy?😅 It's like you've been listening to me or something.
My final correction to Establishment Phonetics is that there is no vowel in words like 'dirt', 'word', 'nerd' or 'hurt' other than the /ɹ/ because 'r' is a vowel. This is why they are all spelled like so using 7M Phonetic English. 'drt' - dirt 'wrd' - word 'nrd' - nerd 'hrt' - hurt "R coloring" is a load of horse puckey, to be frank. This hogwash term was invented by Clowns too sissified to admit that 'r' is a vowel, not a consonant.
😅 Although, the sound I have in the vowel chart is not the /r/, which is a consonant sound, but the /ɚ/ and the /ɝ/, which are different than the /r/ consonant sound. The consonant /r/still has a tiny vowely aspect to it, but it is not as pronounced as in /ɚ/ and the /ɝ/, in my opinion :-)
😅 Although, the sound I have in the vowel chart is not the /r/, which is a consonant sound, but the /ɚ/ and the /ɝ/, which are different than the /r/ consonant sound. The consonant /r/still has a tiny vowely aspect to it, but it is not as pronounced as in /ɚ/ and the /ɝ/, in my opinion :-)
Hmmmm. I do feel like there is enough of a difference between the /r/, and the /ɚ/ and the /ɝ/. that they should be considered separate phonemes. 1 consonant, and 2 vowels sounds. IMHO
@@Bakul-Soman I have to admit that I'm unfamiliar with the IPA symbols that you're referencing. I can't find them on Wikipedia. I use a simplified definition of a vowel. Yes, I don't accept Establishment teaching as gospel. I consider it unnecessarily complicated and misleading. A vowel sound has five attributes in my book and we can teach this to 1st Graders. 1. Produced by vocal chords. 2. Exits the mouth or mostly mouth. 3. Is not combined with sounds generated by other mouth parts (pops, clicks, hisses, whistles etc) 4. Can be sustained until you run out of breath. 5. Remains consistently the same sound no matter how long you sustain it. The sound represented by the letter 'r' in General American English meets those criteria. I do think that this sound can be played with until one creates half a dozen variants of it which could potentially be declared separate and distinct vowel sounds.For example, I can bury the tip of my tongue in my cheek whilst saying /ɹ/ and achieve something unique but still fundamentally /ɹ/ IMO. If you sustain this sound for several seconds and then finish it off with 'ace', 'at', 'ote', in other words, the endings of 'race', 'rat', & 'wrote', you'll successfully pronounce those words, so from a common use writing system perspective, need you fuss about it more? We're just trying to teach people how to read & write. If they want to pursue a University study of phonetics and dissect language down to the subatomic level, that's a fine choice but not one that they'll need for their career in rocket science.
Thank you! I will make a video all about r-controlled vowels. I know a lot of folks talk about r-controlled vowels because the /r/ changes the characteristics of the vowel sound. But that happens often with vowels based on the following consonant. For example, in the word man, the vowel gets nasalized because the /n/ that follows it is a nasal consonant. From a traditional phonetics perspective, the only 2 vowels that have a r-component to them are the /ɚ/ and the /ɝ/. That said, you ask, and I will deliver :-)))) I will put it on my list of upcoming videos! Thank you for that suggestion! I appreciate it!
Great vid!! Thank you so much for sharing! This said, native speakers of other languages do need some kind of extra help to be able to utter these sounds. How are they produced? How are we supposed to place our tongue & lips? For instance: CAP - CUP - COP(AmE). Alright: front, central & back. This is tough, though!! Watching your mouth on the vid does help, but some more info would be great. All the best! Thanks a bunch again for the info!! P. S.: Why is it more often than not the fact, that authors differ so very much as regards English vowels placements & pronunciation?? I'm very much aware, there are variants, but...
Hello, thank you for your feedback! I will definitely make videos more specifically about how to produce specific vowels. What is your native language? Sometimes it is most useful to find a word that has that sound, or comes close to that sound in your native language.
@@Bakul-SomanThank you so much for answering. Can't wait to watch those forthcoming videos of yours! My native language is Spanish. We produce only 8 vowel allophones in certain contexts, and mainly 6. Thus, the hurdles are huge. 🤕
Hola, no deje de ver mi vídeo más reciente. Como me pidió, estoy creando vídeos detallados para cada sonido vocálico. El vídeo de hoy trata del sonido /æ/ (el sonido vocal en las bat, cat, etc.). ruclips.net/video/Y5fdP2ABvAk/видео.html
Don’t forget to download the FREE PDF with the vowel quadrilateral, and the diphthongs, along with the IPA for each vowel sound.: bit.ly/3Rpz9Po 🔴 Missed the first video in my accent series? Click here to watch it: bit.ly/46aSYxU
Hi, thank you for reaching out! I would be happy to clarify, but I'm afraid I'm not sure exactly what you would like clarification on. Can you tell me a bit more?
While describing vowel e you have given example words bait fate and rate but these words are transcribed with diphthong ei in the pronouncing dictionary. Plz listen to your e vowel explanation.thank for reply.
Hello, Arun, Thank you for clarifying. I see what you mean. Here is the explanation. In English, the two diphthongs/eɪ/ and /oʊ/ often tend to get converted to their corresponding monophthongs (single vowel sounds) /e/ and /o/. This is called "reduction." The distinction between the /eɪ/ and the /e/ and /oʊ/ and the /o/ is very slight, and switching between the two does not ever change the meaning of the word. Hence, many times, these 2 diphthongs are reduced to the monophthong. So, bait can be written as beɪt or as bet. Similarly, the word bowl can be transcribed as boʊl or bol. When the diphthong is used, the sound is stressed more and is maintained for a longer duration. But, as I said, switching between the diphthong and the monophthong for these 2 specific diphthongs does not change the meaning of the word. Different dialects will prefer one over the other. For me, I would use the /e/ in bait, and the /eɪ/ in a word like faith. Again, the distinction is very minute, and I am thrilled that you caught on to it!! Needless to say, you can use either /e/ or /eɪ/ without any fear of creating confusion or creating a different word! I hope this clarifies your question!
Hi Arun, thank you for those suggestions! Yes, most definitely! However, can you give me an example of what you consider a triphthong? I am aware of trigraphs and quadragraphs, but I am not aware of English containing triphthongs. Regarding semi-vowels, what specifically would you like the video to target?
Thanks for the reply Ma'am. A triphthong has three vowel sounds in a row ; it is a glide from one vowel to another and then to a third exp. Player , mower, fire and hour(plz see IPA transcription of these words ).For semi vowels ,just define and explain them as you explained other vowels.Triphthongs and semi vowels would complete the topic ' Vowel Sounds .' Thanks again !!
Hello Arunji! You have brought something up that is quite controversial! When I trained to become a speech-language pathologist, triphthongs never came up. So, there is a sizeable community among phoneticians and linguists that do not think English has triphthongs! So, this is definitely something for me to delve into deeper, find out more about, and share with all of you!! I mentioned semi-vowels in this video, but I can definitely create one that is dedicated to semi-vowels! Thank you for your suggestions! They are super appreciated!
Thank you for your comment! Yes, there are a lot of disagreements over the number of vowel sounds in English. I use the one that makes sense to me and has worked well for in over 20 years of clinical practice. Which of the vowels I indicated in my video do you believe are not distinct vowels?
@@Bakul-Soman I do NOT like the IPA symbols because those symbols do NOT sound the same as people do really say them. There are 5/6 vowel letters in English. The Yy is more important as a consonant because as a vowel it does NOT have its own sound, it gives the same sounds as the letter Ii. They are like brothers. In any rhotic accent, there should ONLY be 12 vowel sounds, NOT 14, 15, 19, 20 or 21. In rhotic accents the letter Rr is ONLY a consonant. However, in non-rhotic accents the letter Rr can also be a vowel. Nobody on RUclips has taught the sounds correctly. Everyone thinks they’re helping but they’re actually confusing people. If someone says there are more than 12 vowel sounds in English, that person mixes at least 2 accents. This is one of the reasons why there is NO standard accent. They say they teach but they do NOT. The ‘long Oo’ is a monophthong in ‘GenAm’ English but it is a diphthong in Standard Southern British English, Received Pronunciation. The ‘long Aa’ is a diphthong though. There are NO R-colored vowel sounds in ‘GenAm’ English. And there are NO long vowel sounds in British English. The first part of diphthongs is used as a monophthong. Lots of people, when they teach diphthongs, they say the first part of diphthongs should NOT be used as a single vowel sound. The second part of diphthongs should end in the long Ee and the long Uu, without y. The short Uu is the schwa and the schwa is NOT always unstressed. The bot-bought and the but-put should be merged according to the original rule. For the bot-bought, we should use low-central vowel which is the ‘short Oo’ sound in ’GenAm’ English. Some dictionaries use the /ɑ/, some use the /ä/ and some even use the /ɒ/. This is why I do NOT like the IPA symbols. For the but-put, we should use the ‘short Uu’ which is the schwa. When I teach the vowel sounds, I use: A-long Aa ee-long Ee I-long Ii O-long Oo oo-long Uu a-short Aa e-short Ee i-short Ii o-short Oo u-short Uu oi/oy ou/ow In ‘GenAm’ English: beat-beet bit-bit bait-bAt bet-bet bat-bat bath-bath bot-bot bought-bot boat-bOt book-buk boot-boot abut-u-but the stress matters* Bert-burt her-hur-it’s an exception in pronunciation. According to the original rule, the e should give the short Ee. In some rhotic accents in the UK, it is pronounced with the short Ee. butter-bud-ur the flap Tt, I just use the d. or but-ur but-but Should you have any questions, let me know
Wow! There is a lot here to think about. Vowels definitely generate a lot of disagreements and strong opinions :-) I appreciate you taking the time to share your insights in such detail. You are obviously very passionate about English phonetics, and I certainly appreciate that! :-)
So I have to disagree with your explanation of the Long A diphthong. It's actually just a Short E /e/ followed by a Long E /i/. The 'o' sound can also be a monophthong. We usually terminate the 'o' monophthong with a brief 'ʊ' but that's really just incidental and unimportant just like the Long E in 'egg' is mostly involuntary and unimportant. The reason why 'egg' doesn't rhyme with 'ebb' is because of the almost involuntary brief Long E sound between the Short E and the Hard G.
Sometimes our Long A diphthong is /æ/ followed by /i/. This occurs in words like 'rag, sag, bag, tag'. We also have two different diphthongs for what we call the Long I vowel. The diphthong in 'nine' is not the same as the one in 'night'. /nɑin/ vs /nʌit/. Naw-een vs nu-eet.
Interesting. so if I understand you correctly, you are saying it is not /eɪ/ but rather you are saying it is not /ɛi/. Both combinations do sound the same to my ears, but I wonder what an acoustic analysus would reveal! I agree with you that diptthongs, and their corresponding monopthongs are often used interchangeably, and one or the other is more prevalent in a given dialect of English.
@@Bakul-Soman I think that /e/ (as in 'pet') is a distinct sound because it remains unchanging while sustained for as long as you have the breath for it. I consider it a monophthong.
@@Bakul-Soman Last I knew /ɪ/ represented the Short I (as in 'sit'), /e/ represented the Short E (as in 'set') and /i/ represented the Long E (as in 'seed'). I fail to comprehend why anyone, and this includes the Oxford dictionary, would think that the Long A in 'lake' is made up of an /e/ and an /ɪ/!!! It's nearly impossible for me to pronounce that combo and the change from /e/ to /ɪ/ is nearly indistinguishable to the ear. Here's what you need to do: Say /e/, glottal stop, /i/ and repeat the sequence faster and faster until the glottal stop drops away. You'll now hear a very recognizable Long A sound (as in 'lake', 'ray' or 'hey')
This was most informative. I had not thought about vowel sounds with any depth and I had just accepted their presence within the language. This video gives additional color and texture to a phenomenal that I had simply exempted from examination.
I recall an incident several years (decades?) ago when i was speaking the word “quote” but pronouncing it such that it sounded like “coat”. I remember my interlocutor being perplexed by what was saying and I also recall my being baffled by his confusion. Over time I’ve learnt to enunciate this better but the segment about diphthongs, illustrates this perfectly.
Thank you for your thoughtful comments, as always!! It's amazing how many things we encounter each day that we just do without understanding the how and why behind it. I guess it is inevitable, given in the increasingly complex world we live in. But I love it when the curtain is parted and I understand the inner workings of something!!! :-))
You are correct. In General American English, the /a, ɔ & ɑ/ are all merged to /ɑ/ or they never split like they did in England. We say 'bought' & 'bot' exactly the same and we say 'bath' just like 'bat' with an /æ/ sound. The question is whether a different vowel letter should be used or if it should be treated as an accent.
An interesting question. In my opinion, since the articulator placement is distinct, I would categorize these are distinct phonemes. However, if there are no words that differ only in this vowel sound (minimal pairs that differ only in this sound), then I guess they can be considered allophones as well! I am sure a linguist would have an interesting explanation as to what constitutes an allophone, and what does not!
Excelente explicación … muchas gracias !!🙅♂️
Gracias otra vez!!🙏🙏
Thank you,Madam.This has been very helpful.
Thank you for watching! I'm so glad you found it helpful!🙏
🙏
Perfect class!! Thank you
So glad you liked the video. Thank you for taking the time to leave me a comment!🙏
This class is gold. Muchas gracias ❤
Muchas gracias. Si quiere vídeos sobre temas específicos, ¡dímelo! :-)
The sensible definition of a vowel follows.
A vowel sound has five attributes:
1. Produced by the vocal chords.
2. Exits the mouth, not the nose.
3. Is not combined with sounds produced by any other mouth parts (pops, clicks, whistles or hisses).
4. Can be sustained until you run out of breath.
5. The sound remains the same from beginning to end while sustained.
Ten pure vowels [no diphthongs]:
7M(U I Λ E R Q A O ᖶ Ů
u i ʌ ε r q a o e ů)
IPA(ʌ ɪ ɑ i [ɹ] u æ o̞ e ʊ)
The Dark L also qualifies as a vowel sound by my definition.
In North America we also do something called /æ/ raising in words where the /æ/ is followed by 'n', 'm' or 'ŋ', which replaces the /æ/ with an /ε/ or 'eh' sound as in 'Eh, what's up Doc'. I consider it an accent and don't give it a character of it's own.
Yes, I agree with this. However, I do think vowels can be nasalized if they occur before a nasal consonant.
Great video!
Thank you!! :-))
You're the most knowledgeable person I've seen producing videos like this. I can't believe that you put /ɹ/ in the vowel chart. Isn't that heresy?😅 It's like you've been listening to me or something.
My final correction to Establishment Phonetics is that there is no vowel in words like 'dirt', 'word', 'nerd' or 'hurt' other than the /ɹ/ because 'r' is a vowel. This is why they are all spelled like so using 7M Phonetic English.
'drt' - dirt
'wrd' - word
'nrd' - nerd
'hrt' - hurt
"R coloring" is a load of horse puckey, to be frank. This hogwash term was invented by Clowns too sissified to admit that 'r' is a vowel, not a consonant.
😅 Although, the sound I have in the vowel chart is not the /r/, which is a consonant sound, but the /ɚ/ and the /ɝ/, which are different than the /r/ consonant sound. The consonant /r/still has a tiny vowely aspect to it, but it is not as pronounced as in /ɚ/ and the /ɝ/, in my opinion :-)
😅 Although, the sound I have in the vowel chart is not the /r/, which is a consonant sound, but the /ɚ/ and the /ɝ/, which are different than the /r/ consonant sound. The consonant /r/still has a tiny vowely aspect to it, but it is not as pronounced as in /ɚ/ and the /ɝ/, in my opinion :-)
Hmmmm. I do feel like there is enough of a difference between the /r/, and the /ɚ/ and the /ɝ/. that they should be considered separate phonemes. 1 consonant, and 2 vowels sounds. IMHO
@@Bakul-Soman I have to admit that I'm unfamiliar with the IPA symbols that you're referencing. I can't find them on Wikipedia. I use a simplified definition of a vowel. Yes, I don't accept Establishment teaching as gospel. I consider it unnecessarily complicated and misleading. A vowel sound has five attributes in my book and we can teach this to 1st Graders.
1. Produced by vocal chords.
2. Exits the mouth or mostly mouth.
3. Is not combined with sounds generated by other mouth parts (pops, clicks, hisses, whistles etc)
4. Can be sustained until you run out of breath.
5. Remains consistently the same sound no matter how long you sustain it.
The sound represented by the letter 'r' in General American English meets those criteria. I do think that this sound can be played with until one creates half a dozen variants of it which could potentially be declared separate and distinct vowel sounds.For example, I can bury the tip of my tongue in my cheek whilst saying /ɹ/ and achieve something unique but still fundamentally /ɹ/ IMO. If you sustain this sound for several seconds and then finish it off with 'ace', 'at', 'ote', in other words, the endings of 'race', 'rat', & 'wrote', you'll successfully pronounce those words, so from a common use writing system perspective, need you fuss about it more? We're just trying to teach people how to read & write. If they want to pursue a University study of phonetics and dissect language down to the subatomic level, that's a fine choice but not one that they'll need for their career in rocket science.
great in-depth video, it only missing part with r-colored vowels
Thank you! I will make a video all about r-controlled vowels. I know a lot of folks talk about r-controlled vowels because the /r/ changes the characteristics of the vowel sound. But that happens often with vowels based on the following consonant. For example, in the word man, the vowel gets nasalized because the /n/ that follows it is a nasal consonant. From a traditional phonetics perspective, the only 2 vowels that have a r-component to them are the /ɚ/ and the /ɝ/. That said, you ask, and I will deliver :-)))) I will put it on my list of upcoming videos! Thank you for that suggestion! I appreciate it!
There are NO R-colored vowels in rhotic accents
Great vid!! Thank you so much for sharing!
This said, native speakers of other languages do need some kind of extra help to be able to utter these sounds. How are they produced? How are we supposed to place our tongue & lips? For instance: CAP - CUP - COP(AmE). Alright: front, central & back. This is tough, though!!
Watching your mouth on the vid does help, but some more info would be great. All the best! Thanks a bunch again for the info!!
P. S.: Why is it more often than not the fact, that authors differ so very much as regards English vowels placements & pronunciation?? I'm very much aware, there are variants, but...
Hello, thank you for your feedback! I will definitely make videos more specifically about how to produce specific vowels. What is your native language? Sometimes it is most useful to find a word that has that sound, or comes close to that sound in your native language.
@@Bakul-SomanThank you so much for answering. Can't wait to watch those forthcoming videos of yours!
My native language is Spanish. We produce only 8 vowel allophones in certain contexts, and mainly 6. Thus, the hurdles are huge. 🤕
Hablo espanol tambien! Voy a pensar como puedo explicar el mejor 😊
Hola, no deje de ver mi vídeo más reciente. Como me pidió, estoy creando vídeos detallados para cada sonido vocálico. El vídeo de hoy trata del sonido /æ/ (el sonido vocal en las bat, cat, etc.). ruclips.net/video/Y5fdP2ABvAk/видео.html
Don’t forget to download the FREE PDF with the vowel quadrilateral, and the diphthongs, along with the IPA for each vowel sound.: bit.ly/3Rpz9Po
🔴 Missed the first video in my accent series? Click here to watch it: bit.ly/46aSYxU
Examples of mid vowel e are confusing... bait fate are written with dipthong.plz explain
Hi, thank you for reaching out! I would be happy to clarify, but I'm afraid I'm not sure exactly what you would like clarification on. Can you tell me a bit more?
While describing vowel e you have given example words bait fate and rate but these words are transcribed with diphthong ei in the pronouncing dictionary. Plz listen to your e vowel explanation.thank for reply.
Hello, Arun, Thank you for clarifying. I see what you mean. Here is the explanation. In English, the two diphthongs/eɪ/ and /oʊ/ often tend to get converted to their corresponding monophthongs (single vowel sounds) /e/ and /o/. This is called "reduction." The distinction between the /eɪ/ and the /e/ and /oʊ/ and the /o/ is very slight, and switching between the two does not ever change the meaning of the word. Hence, many times, these 2 diphthongs are reduced to the monophthong. So, bait can be written as beɪt or as bet. Similarly, the word bowl can be transcribed as boʊl or bol. When the diphthong is used, the sound is stressed more and is maintained for a longer duration. But, as I said, switching between the diphthong and the monophthong for these 2 specific diphthongs does not change the meaning of the word. Different dialects will prefer one over the other. For me, I would use the
/e/ in bait, and the /eɪ/ in a word like faith. Again, the distinction is very minute, and I am thrilled that you caught on to it!! Needless to say, you can use either /e/ or /eɪ/ without any fear of creating confusion or creating a different word! I hope this clarifies your question!
It is clear now... thanks a lot . Please make a video on semi vowel s and triphthongs.
Hi Arun, thank you for those suggestions! Yes, most definitely! However, can you give me an example of what you consider a triphthong? I am aware of trigraphs and quadragraphs, but I am not aware of English containing triphthongs. Regarding semi-vowels, what specifically would you like the video to target?
Thanks for the reply Ma'am. A triphthong has three vowel sounds in a row ; it is a glide from one vowel to another and then to a third exp. Player , mower, fire and hour(plz see IPA transcription of these words ).For semi vowels ,just define and explain them as you explained other vowels.Triphthongs and semi vowels would complete the topic ' Vowel Sounds .' Thanks again !!
Hello Arunji! You have brought something up that is quite controversial! When I trained to become a speech-language pathologist, triphthongs never came up. So, there is a sizeable community among phoneticians and linguists that do not think English has triphthongs! So, this is definitely something for me to delve into deeper, find out more about, and share with all of you!!
I mentioned semi-vowels in this video, but I can definitely create one that is dedicated to semi-vowels! Thank you for your suggestions! They are super appreciated!
I reject the idea that diphthongs are vowel sounds. They are multiple vowel sounds put together in sequence.
Yes, I agree with this! they are combinations of vowel sounds, not additional, new vowel sounds...
There are only 12 vowel sounds in GA English.
Thank you for your comment! Yes, there are a lot of disagreements over the number of vowel sounds in English. I use the one that makes sense to me and has worked well for in over 20 years of clinical practice. Which of the vowels I indicated in my video do you believe are not distinct vowels?
@@Bakul-Soman I do NOT like the IPA symbols because those symbols do NOT sound the same as people do really say them.
There are 5/6 vowel letters in English. The Yy is more important as a consonant because as a vowel it does NOT have its own sound, it gives the same sounds as the letter Ii. They are like brothers.
In any rhotic accent, there should ONLY be 12 vowel sounds, NOT 14, 15, 19, 20 or 21. In rhotic accents the letter Rr is ONLY a consonant. However, in non-rhotic accents the letter Rr can also be a vowel. Nobody on RUclips has taught the sounds correctly. Everyone thinks they’re helping but they’re actually confusing people.
If someone says there are more than 12 vowel sounds in English, that person mixes at least 2 accents. This is one of the reasons why there is NO standard accent. They say they teach but they do NOT.
The ‘long Oo’ is a monophthong in ‘GenAm’ English but it is a diphthong in Standard Southern British English, Received Pronunciation. The ‘long Aa’ is a diphthong though.
There are NO R-colored vowel sounds in ‘GenAm’ English. And there are NO long vowel sounds in British English.
The first part of diphthongs is used as a monophthong. Lots of people, when they teach diphthongs, they say the first part of diphthongs should NOT be used as a single vowel sound. The second part of diphthongs should end in the long Ee and the long Uu, without y.
The short Uu is the schwa and the schwa is NOT always unstressed.
The bot-bought and the but-put should be merged according to the original rule.
For the bot-bought, we should use low-central vowel which is the ‘short Oo’ sound in ’GenAm’ English. Some dictionaries use the /ɑ/, some use the /ä/ and some even use the /ɒ/. This is why I do NOT like the IPA symbols.
For the but-put, we should use the ‘short Uu’ which is the schwa.
When I teach the vowel sounds, I use:
A-long Aa
ee-long Ee
I-long Ii
O-long Oo
oo-long Uu
a-short Aa
e-short Ee
i-short Ii
o-short Oo
u-short Uu
oi/oy
ou/ow
In ‘GenAm’ English:
beat-beet
bit-bit
bait-bAt
bet-bet
bat-bat
bath-bath
bot-bot
bought-bot
boat-bOt
book-buk
boot-boot
abut-u-but the stress matters*
Bert-burt
her-hur-it’s an exception in pronunciation. According to the original rule, the e should give the short Ee. In some rhotic accents in the UK, it is pronounced with the short Ee.
butter-bud-ur the flap Tt, I just use the d. or but-ur
but-but
Should you have any questions, let me know
@@Bakul-Soman Are you there?
Wow! There is a lot here to think about. Vowels definitely generate a lot of disagreements and strong opinions :-) I appreciate you taking the time to share your insights in such detail. You are obviously very passionate about English phonetics, and I certainly appreciate that! :-)
@@Bakul-Soman What do you disagree with?
So I have to disagree with your explanation of the Long A diphthong. It's actually just a Short E /e/ followed by a Long E /i/.
The 'o' sound can also be a monophthong. We usually terminate the 'o' monophthong with a brief 'ʊ' but that's really just incidental and unimportant just like the Long E in 'egg' is mostly involuntary and unimportant. The reason why 'egg' doesn't rhyme with 'ebb' is because of the almost involuntary brief Long E sound between the Short E and the Hard G.
Sometimes our Long A diphthong is /æ/ followed by /i/. This occurs in words like 'rag, sag, bag, tag'.
We also have two different diphthongs for what we call the Long I vowel. The diphthong in 'nine' is not the same as the one in 'night'.
/nɑin/ vs /nʌit/.
Naw-een vs nu-eet.
Interesting. so if I understand you correctly, you are saying it is not /eɪ/ but rather you are saying it is not /ɛi/. Both combinations do sound the same to my ears, but I wonder what an acoustic analysus would reveal! I agree with you that diptthongs, and their corresponding monopthongs are often used interchangeably, and one or the other is more prevalent in a given dialect of English.
So, do you think the /e/ is a distinct sound, or is that sound a combination of the /ɛ/ and /ɪ/?
@@Bakul-Soman I think that /e/ (as in 'pet') is a distinct sound because it remains unchanging while sustained for as long as you have the breath for it. I consider it a monophthong.
@@Bakul-Soman Last I knew /ɪ/ represented the Short I (as in 'sit'), /e/ represented the Short E (as in 'set') and /i/ represented the Long E (as in 'seed'). I fail to comprehend why anyone, and this includes the Oxford dictionary, would think that the Long A in 'lake' is made up of an /e/ and an /ɪ/!!! It's nearly impossible for me to pronounce that combo and the change from /e/ to /ɪ/ is nearly indistinguishable to the ear. Here's what you need to do: Say /e/, glottal stop, /i/ and repeat the sequence faster and faster until the glottal stop drops away. You'll now hear a very recognizable Long A sound (as in 'lake', 'ray' or 'hey')