Gracias a todos los que están detrás de éste proyecto tan importante para el futuro energético del planeta. Los saluda un admirador de su trabajo desde la Argentina. Sería bueno tener subtítulos en español, ya que de esa manera millones de seres humanos podrían enterarse, y estar al tanto de las novedades y progresos que se vallan registrando a lo largo del tiempo. Desde ya muchas gracias y felicitaciones nuevamente y que pronto todo este esfuerzo de sus frutos, para así poder mejorar la vida en la tierra.
Hello there! Wonderful work you got there! When you say "we take the difference between the plasma position and the desired plasma position", what type of sensor do you use in order to do that? It's probably not a camera because as far as I know cameras don't work at 10000 Hz. I'm asking because I am interested in this sort of "position estimation" problem, as I work with Visual Odometry.
We have a huge amount of magnetic sensors in the machine (called flux loops, Mirnov coils and Rogowski coils) that detect magnetic fields and currents in particular regions. This data, along with other information about the plasma and the tokamak is used to reconstruct the shape of the plasma and it's position coordinates, which are then compared with where we want the plasma to be.
I'm curious what is the reaction time of a single pixel in a camera sensor/phototransistor... How fast could a camera send pixels if it was programmed to not scan the entire matrix over and over but just a handful of selected pixels, or a single selected row?
Do you offer internships by any chance? I would love to be apart of your team to help study and research plasma frequency. I believe that with just the right magnetic confinement and the right plasma frequency we can crack fusion. Plus with the continuous advancements in superconductors fusion will be online well into this decade. Please let me know how I can apply. Great video!
MIT speech was mentioned of using laser to viberate elements' particals to keep temperture. Can we symphonize the vibrations into bonding viberation frequences to start matching for fusion?
@@henryrollins9177 In this device they will not capture heat at all. It is not a fusion power plant yet. Fusion research is not there yet. In the fusion power plant will be a wall heated up by fast neutrons and cooled either helium or water vapour flowing through the the pipes. This then turns the turbine.
If a bit more on the control would be very interesting. Multi-variable PID control would be my guess. How does the decoupling work? Or is this all proprietary. PID controllers are pretty std.
It's not going to look much different than this video. The plasma is emitting mostly in xrays when it is that hot so it's invisible with the exception of the scrape off layer at the edge.
@@andyalder7910 I would be VERY surprised to see them run DT in anything in the short term. Contamination control is a $$$ nightmare. Only 2 magnetic devices have ever gone to DT in history, TFTR and JET.
So um. Didn't they achieve fusion years ago and the real problem is containing the reaction with less energy than the reaction itself makes....... What happens in simulations when they try to contain more with less... My guess is it turns the fusion reactor into a bomb. Its matter at 150 million C. 50 million hotter than a nuke... And force is squared right? So making more and more energy. Takes even more power.... It's not possible. Equal and opposite reactions kinda say it's not. Unless they have magnets that use very little energy or none at all and its always magnetic. Which would probably not be able to even be moved by humans or machines. It would have the strength to lift an aircraft carrier and be deadly to be around.... So that electromagnet they made that can lift a carrier... Did they simulate how it would effect their facility and earth's magnetic field? Would suck to turn it on and crank up the power just to have the whole area be pulled towards the magnet. And they do remember that almost everything is magnetic in a strong field as well right?
You are getting ahead of yourself with your guesses comparisons with nukes... As if temperature was everything. What does "contain more with less" even mean?? We have found out the hard way that containment is the difficult thing here and the plasma breaks down as soon as something gets too hot or too crooked in it. So no bomb is formed. Moreover there's going to be only 100 tons of fuel in fusion reactors like RBMK.) It equals hardly a kiloton of oomph, even if we assume all of it magically imploded and fused!
Why would you say 100million degrees?... similarly to carbon dating, you can just choose any number you like, I would choose billion dilion tilion degrees! :)
@@tredogzs I’m pretty sure this a universally agreed and reasonably well calculated and understood value. Just because you and I can’t calculate this during breakfast doesn’t mean it is BS, tredogz.
Any body who studies Fusion knows that 100keV (roughly at 100 million K) is necessary to break binding energy. Just because the numbers clean doesn't mean it's a guess. what would 100 million and 1.23 degree sound more serious to you?
@@jeremiahnoar7504 lol, good one. You are funny as all hell. Just because they blindly guess thermal energy from black body radiation numbers doesnt mean it has any relation to thermal energy from any other emitted source like sun, radiation, etc. You have ZERO idea at all what the thermal output is. Uhhh uhhh uhhh but we know from Nuclear Reactors!... DUHHHH its a reverse calculation off the same worse guess. You are hilarious. Just cause you stack guess upon guess upon guess upon guess, doesnt make you smarter. Nice try though, "any body who studies" lol lol lol.
4 года назад
How many years are we going to waste billions on a flawed engineering concept. No tokamak will ever be efficient enough to produce more energy then it uses. Fusion requires a different chamber design.
If you apply sudden increase of the B field will the plasma ring shrink?So you maybe get some pressure....If neutron has spin can its trajectory be controlled by the B field to not to hit the tokamak rim orthogonally ????
sci-fi movies would pick rotating nested spheres or rings to show energy constricting contraptions. Wonder if there's any design that does similarly and if there's any scientific insight to such choice or it just looks cool on film
@@danilobraghini1515 I think it's similar to Google using it on datacenter cooling control. I imagine it's the best optimization you can do in real time, when you deal with a very complex system (thousands of parameters). Not sure how robust though, there are probably fail-safes. It's very much a work in progress, figuring out corner cases, black box debugging...
@@eskelCz I see, I know that machine learning still on the state of the art of control systems, but particularly I'm kind of an optimal control enthusiastic rather than machine learning, I.A. , neural networks and so on hahaha . You're rigth though, if the system is too complex, there is not much one can do with optmal control. But I wonder if they don't have a good enough mathematical model to represent this plasma flow.
Why do people push a machine learning to proper and improper place? Modern buzz-word? How about fuzzy logic? You have an "area" where plasma should be and deviations which disturb plasma. So, use fuzzy logic systems. It is definitely area they can use and controlling solutions and acting will be faster then for an AI architecture
can I ask questions about those magnets? I remember they ware made with different materials coils ware made of something other than copper .. so can I create an magnet or DC motor using same coils used here? would there be advantages? I think size and weight is huge advantage ..
You will save 1kg in copper weight due to better magnets and you only need to add 800kg of auxiliary equipment to have your new shiny superconductor magnets cooled to 77 K. Doesn’t really make much sense for motors, does it?
Basics: What keeps the nuclei of atoms separate is the negatively charged electron shell(s) buzzing about (however, some elements "share" electrons). Strip away the electron shell(s) (i.e. "plasma"). The natural repulsive force of like-charged nucleic protons ("+") also tend to prevent "joining"... except "strong nuclear force" within nuclei (presuming neutrons also play a role)... Does the same (or similar) "inverse square law" of gravity apply? Subsequently, create sufficient force to "squeeze" plasma nuclei to overcome electrical charge repulsion... affording "strong nuclear force" bonding?? (admittedly crude analogy, but...). Are there other elements where achieving plasma state can/could be more productive? (apologies, I'm a motorcycle mechanic... mebbe change aluminum to gold... ;-) Afterthought: could the aforementioned "electron sharing" sharing concept enhance plasma production?
I think they said they can't go into further detail because they are a company financing it from ever changing investment and not a government project.
No. ST40 isn't even a fusion reactor. The definition of a reactor is "a device for the controlled release of energy". Although a fusor can produce fusion reactions I don't think it could ever produce excess energy. And ST40 won't produce energy either, so it's only the later devices that will produce and harness energy that can be called fusion reactors.
The way to the father is through the son. The way to the universe is the understanding and application of the sun ( fusion) . Who could have guessed? Happy frontiers to humanity.
Circle halved once squared twice to the right. Draw It. 12/3/6 numbers like a sun dial. That's time, times and half a time in the shape. Magnesium, Lithium, Carbon and Hydrogen atomic weight numbers. Times from D-T on next clock wise cycle. L above positive charge, L below negative charge spin. Pictured fusion geometry from fusing the word (GOD).
We believe in your project as we need it to go to the next step of development of our civilization
I'm rather loving what appears to be a desktop fan - bottom left at around 0:06. Obviously you wouldn't want your fusion plasma to overheat.
Top notch cooling technology
that first plasma video was the most fascinating new thing I saw in 10 years.
Gracias a todos los que están detrás de éste proyecto tan importante para el futuro energético del planeta. Los saluda un admirador de su trabajo desde la Argentina. Sería bueno tener subtítulos en español, ya que de esa manera millones de seres humanos podrían enterarse, y estar al tanto de las novedades y progresos que se vallan registrando a lo largo del tiempo. Desde ya muchas gracias y felicitaciones nuevamente y que pronto todo este esfuerzo de sus frutos, para así poder mejorar la vida en la tierra.
Hello there! Wonderful work you got there!
When you say "we take the difference between the plasma position and the desired plasma position", what type of sensor do you use in order to do that? It's probably not a camera because as far as I know cameras don't work at 10000 Hz.
I'm asking because I am interested in this sort of "position estimation" problem, as I work with Visual Odometry.
We have a huge amount of magnetic sensors in the machine (called flux loops, Mirnov coils and Rogowski coils) that detect magnetic fields and currents in particular regions. This data, along with other information about the plasma and the tokamak is used to reconstruct the shape of the plasma and it's position coordinates, which are then compared with where we want the plasma to be.
I'm curious what is the reaction time of a single pixel in a camera sensor/phototransistor... How fast could a camera send pixels if it was programmed to not scan the entire matrix over and over but just a handful of selected pixels, or a single selected row?
Do you offer internships by any chance? I would love to be apart of your team to help study and research plasma frequency. I believe that with just the right magnetic confinement and the right plasma frequency we can crack fusion. Plus with the continuous advancements in superconductors fusion will be online well into this decade. Please let me know how I can apply. Great video!
Watch the other vids this company has done where they feature recent interns.
Awesome, thanks. I thought voltage is modified not current directly
15 million degrees plasma temperature is already being achieved but how is the radiated heat in this machine being cooled?
It's not. the goal is to stop the plasma from cooling. You want to keep it as hot as possible.
MIT speech was mentioned of using laser to viberate elements' particals to keep temperture. Can we symphonize the vibrations into bonding viberation frequences to start matching for fusion?
But where is the boiler which will produce the steam to run the turbine?
Indeed! I can't understand how they capture all that heat....
@@henryrollins9177 In this device they will not capture heat at all. It is not a fusion power plant yet. Fusion research is not there yet. In the fusion power plant will be a wall heated up by fast neutrons and cooled either helium or water vapour flowing through the the pipes. This then turns the turbine.
If a bit more on the control would be very interesting. Multi-variable PID control would be my guess. How does the decoupling work? Or is this all proprietary. PID controllers are pretty std.
I want see the 100 million degree video.
It's not going to look much different than this video. The plasma is emitting mostly in xrays when it is that hot so it's invisible with the exception of the scrape off layer at the edge.
Indeed; but ST40 can do DT fusion at 100 million although they may not do a DT campaign with it.
@@andyalder7910 I would be VERY surprised to see them run DT in anything in the short term. Contamination control is a $$$ nightmare. Only 2 magnetic devices have ever gone to DT in history, TFTR and JET.
Jet's doing it again next year, they better not spill their T2O in the Thames or I'll end up drinking it.
@@andyalder7910 eager to see the Q factors they achieve with the upgrades
But the question still remains - Do I still have to pull the control rods out to increase the power?
No
Sportal
So um. Didn't they achieve fusion years ago and the real problem is containing the reaction with less energy than the reaction itself makes.......
What happens in simulations when they try to contain more with less... My guess is it turns the fusion reactor into a bomb. Its matter at 150 million C. 50 million hotter than a nuke... And force is squared right? So making more and more energy. Takes even more power....
It's not possible. Equal and opposite reactions kinda say it's not.
Unless they have magnets that use very little energy or none at all and its always magnetic. Which would probably not be able to even be moved by humans or machines. It would have the strength to lift an aircraft carrier and be deadly to be around....
So that electromagnet they made that can lift a carrier... Did they simulate how it would effect their facility and earth's magnetic field?
Would suck to turn it on and crank up the power just to have the whole area be pulled towards the magnet.
And they do remember that almost everything is magnetic in a strong field as well right?
You are getting ahead of yourself with your guesses comparisons with nukes... As if temperature was everything. What does "contain more with less" even mean??
We have found out the hard way that containment is the difficult thing here and the plasma breaks down as soon as something gets too hot or too crooked in it. So no bomb is formed. Moreover there's going to be only 100 tons of fuel in fusion reactors like RBMK.) It equals hardly a kiloton of oomph, even if we assume all of it magically imploded and fused!
Why would you say 100million degrees?... similarly to carbon dating, you can just choose any number you like, I would choose billion dilion tilion degrees! :)
~100 million degrees is the temperature required for fusion reactions to occur.
@@tokamakenergy6400 Sweet, keep making things up, we all love it!
@@tredogzs I’m pretty sure this a universally agreed and reasonably well calculated and understood value. Just because you and I can’t calculate this during breakfast doesn’t mean it is BS, tredogz.
Any body who studies Fusion knows that 100keV (roughly at 100 million K) is necessary to break binding energy. Just because the numbers clean doesn't mean it's a guess. what would 100 million and 1.23 degree sound more serious to you?
@@jeremiahnoar7504 lol, good one. You are funny as all hell. Just because they blindly guess thermal energy from black body radiation numbers doesnt mean it has any relation to thermal energy from any other emitted source like sun, radiation, etc. You have ZERO idea at all what the thermal output is. Uhhh uhhh uhhh but we know from Nuclear Reactors!... DUHHHH its a reverse calculation off the same worse guess. You are hilarious. Just cause you stack guess upon guess upon guess upon guess, doesnt make you smarter. Nice try though, "any body who studies" lol lol lol.
How many years are we going to waste billions on a flawed engineering concept. No tokamak will ever be efficient enough to produce more energy then it uses. Fusion requires a different chamber design.
Wasted time!! What you should be fusing is the antimatter that’s creating the Whistler waves
We barely have the tech to make antimatter, not to mention the insane costs. Plasma fusion is far more efficient
a gram of antimatter would cost 67 billion dollars. That seems more economical to you?
TL:DR
We have magnets to hold the plasma away from the walls of the reactor and a computer that makes adjustments 1000 times a second.
10,000
Great work!
O poder do sol, na palma da minha mão" octopus, doutor.
Токама́к (ТОроидальная КАмера с МАгнитными Катушками)
It is our future. Thank u tokamak
If you apply sudden increase of the B field will the plasma ring shrink?So you maybe get some pressure....If neutron has spin can its trajectory be controlled by the B field to not to hit the tokamak rim orthogonally ????
sci-fi movies would pick rotating nested spheres or rings to show energy constricting contraptions. Wonder if there's any design that does similarly and if there's any scientific insight to such choice or it just looks cool on film
Sounds like job for a machine learning system. Any plans on trying that?
I'm not aquainted with machine learning based control technics, are you sure it can provide the required level of robustness?
It's an honest question
@@danilobraghini1515 I think it's similar to Google using it on datacenter cooling control. I imagine it's the best optimization you can do in real time, when you deal with a very complex system (thousands of parameters). Not sure how robust though, there are probably fail-safes. It's very much a work in progress, figuring out corner cases, black box debugging...
@@eskelCz I see, I know that machine learning still on the state of the art of control systems, but particularly I'm kind of an optimal control enthusiastic rather than machine learning, I.A. , neural networks and so on hahaha . You're rigth though, if the system is too complex, there is not much one can do with optmal control. But I wonder if they don't have a good enough mathematical model to represent this plasma flow.
Why do people push a machine learning to proper and improper place? Modern buzz-word? How about fuzzy logic? You have an "area" where plasma should be and deviations which disturb plasma. So, use fuzzy logic systems. It is definitely area they can use and controlling solutions and acting will be faster then for an AI architecture
I know how to control it.
Turn it Off
Sounds like news about the projects that are going to cover a tiny portion at once of the finish reactor. Just like they develop Dual Universe.
What the?
@@geraldh.8047 They report about a small part, not the whole game
sore because l dont english
can I ask questions about those magnets?
I remember they ware made with different materials coils ware made of something other than copper .. so can I create an magnet or DC motor using same coils used here?
would there be advantages? I think size and weight is huge advantage ..
You will save 1kg in copper weight due to better magnets and you only need to add 800kg of auxiliary equipment to have your new shiny superconductor magnets cooled to 77 K. Doesn’t really make much sense for motors, does it?
@@geraldh.8047 than you got the information .. yes doesn't make sense unless we are in space in the shadows
bring it To carmack:)
What if a jet had a fusion reactor installed in it
Go really fast
Sorry but the future is Cold bose einstein condensate plasma it's how the sun works
how do expect to use that? bose Einstein condensate conserves energy, it doesn't produce any.
Basics: What keeps the nuclei of atoms separate is the negatively charged electron shell(s) buzzing about (however, some elements "share" electrons). Strip away the electron shell(s) (i.e. "plasma"). The natural repulsive force of like-charged nucleic protons ("+") also tend to prevent "joining"... except "strong nuclear force" within nuclei (presuming neutrons also play a role)... Does the same (or similar) "inverse square law" of gravity apply? Subsequently, create sufficient force to "squeeze" plasma nuclei to overcome electrical charge repulsion... affording "strong nuclear force" bonding?? (admittedly crude analogy, but...). Are there other elements where achieving plasma state can/could be more productive? (apologies, I'm a motorcycle mechanic... mebbe change aluminum to gold... ;-) Afterthought: could the aforementioned "electron sharing" sharing concept enhance plasma production?
How is the hydrogen plasma controlled by electromagnetic fields? Since the hydrogen ion is not influenced by electromagnetic fields
because it's actually a hydrogen isotope. H2 and H3. Both are positive ions and thus can be effected by electromagnetic fields.
Every ion is influenced by electromagnetic fields.
That cooling fan is the real MVP! GO #TOKAMAKFAN
awesome
that awesome
AWSOME
THAT IS AWSOME
Uh huh
❤❤❤❤🌺🌺🌺🌺magnet 👍👍👍👍
Feedback control is new for tokamaks?
I don't think they claimed it was "new" at any point.
3:08
Do you have a projected time line
They have other videos on that.
@@MrB1923 oh, ok I'll have go look for them. Thanks.
I think they said they can't go into further detail because they are a company financing it from ever changing investment and not a government project.
@@maan7715 oh thanks.
@Marcos Filho could there be a pyramidal or hexagonal magnetic field that is efficient. Btw I'm not an expert on magnets of fusion just curious.
Does a tiny, homemade, DIY Fusor meet the definition of a Nuclear Fusion Reactor.
No. ST40 isn't even a fusion reactor. The definition of a reactor is "a device for the controlled release of energy". Although a fusor can produce fusion reactions I don't think it could ever produce excess energy. And ST40 won't produce energy either, so it's only the later devices that will produce and harness energy that can be called fusion reactors.
How can I became an plasma reaseacher
Vacuum chamber?
Good Luck!!
whats the plasma-facing material used in the ST 40?
Maybe tungsten fused neodymium
The way to the father is through the son.
The way to the universe is the understanding and application of the sun ( fusion) .
Who could have guessed?
Happy frontiers to humanity.
I visited a tokamak in 1986, Abingdon.
Circle halved once squared twice to the right.
Draw It.
12/3/6 numbers like a sun dial.
That's time, times and half a time in the shape.
Magnesium, Lithium, Carbon and Hydrogen atomic weight numbers. Times from D-T on next clock wise cycle.
L above positive charge, L below negative charge spin.
Pictured fusion geometry from fusing the word (GOD).
More bs about fusion. Just what the internet needs.
I like how we can make particles go the speed of light but we can’t even master fusion
I mean by the large hadron collider
@@joe_man968 not the speed of light
I suppose it's easier to control the motion of 1 charged particle as apposed to controlling trillions.