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You asked how worried we should be about one of these erupting, not at all. If there is nothing to be done about a natural disaster, worrying just takes away from the beauty of life.
This reminds me of the old History Channel. A network that used to produce really interesting and educational content. Nowadays, its just Ancient Aliens. Astrum Earth is considerably some of the best quality content I have seen on RUclips.
Ancient Astronaut Theorists believe that they got rid of interesting documentaries, because Aliens took over the running of the History channel sometime in the early 2000s
I studied volcanology in New Zealand amd we do see some evidence of the Taupo eruption in the rock record. It's pretty amazing stuff. A man from one of the local Iwi took us to a spot where you could pull charcoal branches from this rock wall of pyroclastic material. We had a BBQ on super volcano charcoals it was unreal.
As an NZer and a former geologist who studied many of our large volcanoes, it is refreshing to see a documentary that is factual, to the point, and delivered in a way that a casual audience can understand it. The best part is provides volcanic examples from other areas of the world, other than from the US and Europe. Yellowstone has only erupted 6 times in its history, but Taupo has erupted 26 times and ejected the same amount of material as Yellowstone.
@AstrumEarthauthor & researcher Stan Deyo has experienced an extraordinary dream about Lake Taupo and it erupting. He went there and found place and things he'd only seen in the dream. It is quite strange. He is a pretty serious guy. This happened quite a few years ago, I think he is still alive.🎉❤
@7hilladelphia Bloody hell, I hope it holds off for a few more decades, the last thing NZ needs now is Taupo going off. We're expecting a possible couple of megaquakes in the next 50 or so years too 😮
There was one good thing that came out of the "Year without a summer" and that was Frankenstein. Mary Shelly was stuck inside because of the weather and her and some friends decided to write some stories.
It also drove migration out of New England and into upstate New York, which became a hotbed of social, religious and political reform, including the abolition movement, women's suffrage, and the creation of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, nicknamed Mormons, which settled the Western US and now has 17 million members worldwide.
So uh.... My dad's a vulcanologist here in NZ. He mapped the volcanic cones of banks penninsula for his PhD, and I grew up being terrified of super volcanoes and that our city, Christchurch, was overdue for a catastrophic earthquake. There was only one part of the city where he'd let us live as he said liquefaction would be a major problem in an earthquake, so we had to live on the bedrock of the northwest of the city. Lo and behold, in 2010 and then 22 Feb 2011, EVERYTHING he said about christchurch being overdue for a catastrophic earthquake happened. I was still in school and you bet this was terrifying. Even as a 32 year old adult I sometimes have nightmares about catastrophic supervolcanoes in the north island destroying much of the country and our family who lives up there 😢
@sophroneil When settlers arrived in NZ there were 3 major quakes .1840 1848 1855.While they built all the cities it's been very quiet.But it won't stay like that.It's so locked & loaded & ready to pop.🤔☹😱🙏
@kamauwikeepawikk9520 Aaaah, but they are not the only ones we need to 'point the finger' at. As a 'couch potato' expert, the developer went to the courts to press for his case to over-ride the council engineers report about the risk of liquefaction, so he could build housing in that area. The judge over-rode the council. So that judge is also seriously guilty. That judge later conceded that he made a mistake. Never paid a cent. And then you have the insurance companies. If they had done their evaluations properly, they would have said to the house owners who went to insure their house "No. Your on land prone to liquefaction in the event of an earthquake." With no insurance, they would not be able to get a mortgage. And the banks should have done their evaluations to. And the property buyers should have done some investigation as well. Any 1 of those organisations standing up and doing the right thing, would have left the developer with no development. And the whole sorry mess would have been avoided. That's my view on that matter. However, having said all that, I am at great risk in my house. I live in a liquefaction zone. I am live in Hawke's Bay, which was the site of New Zealand's worst earthquake on the 3rd of February 1931, that killed 256 people and lasted around 2 1/2 minutes, magnitude 7.8 and caused massive building damage. Also the resulting fire was not able to be contained when the firefighters water ran out. Trapped people died. Thousands were injured. And that earthquake was NOT associated with the Hikurangi Trough. This is way overdue for a tectonic movement. I'm living on the 'edge' of a potential disaster, as much as those living in Taupo and Rotorua and Tarawera. I don't think there is anywhere safe in New Zealand quite frankly.
I'm also from Christchurch and was there during the time of the quakes. Lived on Mount Pleasant where the epicenter was and.. yeah our house crumbled to pieces. Still remember those days with a shiver. I also remember joining the student army after the quakes to help dig people's homes out of the liquefaction - mainly the elderly and disabled. Felt good to help out where I could after feeling so helpless
As a prospective volcanologist, I am so glad you didn’t needlessly fear monger about these volcanoes like I see in most other videos or so called documentaries on the subject. Y’all did your research
LOL, I just wished they do a better job of pronunciation. The narrator mispronounced practically all of the volcanoes and supervolcanos' names that was mentioned in this video. He never bothered trying to say the name of the Icelandic volcano.
I disagree. What they say about Hunga Tonga being a supervolcano isn't correct. To make that classification it would need to have had a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 8. But it was only a VEI 6. Thus it is _not a supervolcano._ For the record, no human has ever seen a supervolcano, and all of the footage in this video is not from one. There were no humans alive, thus no video cameras either, the last time a supervolcano exploded. If they had done more complete research, they could have easily found that out. Like most videos about supervolcanos, this one is also an _Epic Fail._
@Bigfoot-px9gj Closest to a human observation of a supervolcanic event would have been Australian aboriginal people 26,000 years ago when Taupo had its latest VEI 8 event, they wouldn't have seen it, but would certainly have heard it and experienced other consequences of the eruption. Given their strong oral history traditions, going back thousands of years, there may well have been stories about it. Unfortunately a lot of the oral history was lost after the arrival of European colonizers.
21:43 The problem with Earth is there are so many low possibility, world ending hazards that while we are mathematically unlikely to experience any of it, it only takes 1. A super solar storm, asteroids, volcanoes, and any number of exceedingly rare yet historically documented catastrophes.
I heard it and instantly paused to come to the comments and sing praise. As someone who's heard Te Reo butchered plenty on RUclips, its really refreshing and shows a level of dedication and care to the craft.
As a Kiwi, hearing you pronounce Taupō correctly really meant a lot. It’s a small thing, but it shows real respect. Ngā mihi nui (with great thanks) from Aotearoa, New Zealand.
Lmao, I had to go to the comments when he said what could charitably be described as "an attempt at pronouncing Mauna Loa" and found this. I didn't even register what he was saying until he showed footage of Mauna Loa...
And really, I only mention it because "Mona Lahu" is so bad a miscommunication I legitimately didn't know what it was. Though he did edit it to show the name, so I suppose that saved it
I was in Portland for the St Helens eruption, and while the magma is of interest to distant viewers, and the flow deadly to those near the volcano at the time, the outcome that lingers days and days is the ash. It's terrible and gets everywhere including your lungs. No one had masks at that time. For someone who hasn't lived through it, it's like powdery snow that doesn't melt. The slightest movement will stir up a cloud. If it gets wet it will collapse roofs, but you can't use windshield wipers or it will scratch the glass. You will track it everywhere because it sticks to your clothes.
One night at work, I watched a dust cloud move through through part of the city on the wind . And the dust is sharp - the micro particles scrubbed the finish on my car like someone had taken a Brillo pad to it.
@KnawedOne when I read your post, I was thinking yes, it's like a dust storm or maybe like a sand storm in the desert. But when I searched, here's what it gave me... No, volcanic ash is very different from the dust in a dust storm, though both can reduce visibility. While a dust storm is composed of fine soil particles, volcanic ash consists of tiny, sharp, abrasive fragments of rock and glass.
@0:40 That's Mt Bromo. I went there last year. About 5 minutes after getting down there was an almightly ash/sand explosive eruption. I don't think anyone died but many hundreds of tourists were covered in ash and suffered injuries as they attempted to escape down the steep sides. I think there are at least two deaths at Mt Bromo every year caused by tourists going off the path and slipping into the steep-sided crater.
To put things into perspective, significantly more people die skydiving, than visiting there if only approx 2 die every year there. Why jump out of a plane? People do what they want to do, whether it's thrill, or scenic. I for one, would rather visit a volcano than jump out of a plane. @paulmcadam6825
I live in the Malborough sounds & very remote place . I heard bangs going off & the corrugated roof was rattling. I thought someone was shooting & shot was landing on my roof. BGGg explosion that one. Relieved so few people hurt.
@SunlightParadise my wife and i also heard it. We live inland Bay of Plenty, NZ. We had both heard Mt Rurapehu erupting in 1996 or 97 and immediately looked in that direction where we had heard and seen it before. We were amazed to learn where the eruption happened and to know what we heard was the eruption’s in Tonga that had occurred 2 hours earlier 2,000km away. Shortly after we had a door at the end of a long hallway rattling continuously . I realised later that this was the atmospheric shock waves travelling around the world.
Taking about Mt Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, Monte Somma also deserves mention. Mt Vesuvius is nested within its caldera (not necessarily resulting from a VEI=8 eruption, but likely a big one with VEI=6-7).
I was standing at the beach at Taupo one day, and I visualized a loud bang, followed by an earthquake. I imagined a huge bubble of water lifting up from the surface of the lake, and a tsunami of hot water rising and racing straight towards me, with shattered boats peppered through the dark water. I realized that if such an event occured there would be no chance whatsoever of getting away from it, unless you were in a helicopter which was already taking off. It's a beautiful area, but if you know about the volcanic history of this place, you have a little tingle of fear lurking in the back of your mind.
i was in Rotorua about 20 years ago. We went to one of the parks, next to a small lake, and while we were there, all the pigeons and ducks and coots in the suburb went straight up in the air at once, and flew off south. You don't often see ducks trying their very best to make height. It was VERY noticeable, the lake and all the trees surrounding us vomited water fowl almost straight up in the air, and they left in a straight line south. We all laughed nervously, went straight back to the car and back to the hotel. We all got up early for a run before breakfast, and heard an ambulance rush out of the town center. Then that night, there was a report on the TV that a housewife had been inured in a small steam explosion which took place very close to where we had been parked. I said "You know, I don't really like the idea that the ground could erupt and burn me with steam here" and the three women I was with turned to the cupboards and got our bags out to pack them, without more encouragement than that. :P
@monkeytrousers8562 I have had a discussion with a volcanologist professor from Waikato University about the main Taupo eruption blast of 233AD and they had calculated that the pyroclastic blast was traveling at approximately 1,000km an hour across the land scape. Temperatures near the eruption reached 300c and at about 40km the temperature had increased to about 600c. I live about 60km north of the eruption and have found evidence of the native forest that was growing in our area at the time was flattened by the blast and mainly incinerated but some charcoal has been found. All evidence found indicates that the blast came from the Taupo direction. I have personally seen logs that were fallen in the blast and were buried in the fluvial flow that flowed down the Rangitaiki River and buried them before they were consumed by the heat. They showed scorch marks on parts of the logs and were covered by up to 9m of pumice material.
@uncletiggermclaren7592 You and they have good survival instincts [Unlike the bod who scuttled down with their iPhone to video it closer & was never seen again 😋] But if the bang's big enough the shock-wave won't do a helicopter a lot of good
@nidgem7171 I wouldn't have suggested leaving our paid for accommodation, and driving off out of the area, because those particular women would have all found reasons I was being "silly" but once I pointed out why I was uneasy, they just set to without thinking about where we were going and we drove off as the sun set. We were already driving away before they thought to ask where we were going, but I just told them to find accommodation somewhere closer to Wellington, and they got a very nice B'n'B type deal near Taihape. Money is for spending when you are on holiday. They have all moved far away across the world now, costs a lot more to go spend time with them than it once did.
as u can see at the 14:28. they put a picture of Mount Sinabung, that recently erupted. Mount Sinabung and Toba Supervolcano separated by about 25-30Km . I lived there and i know how scary it was when Mount Sinabung erupted let alone hearing the Toba.
@ but you still replied nonetheless! Thanks, buddy! Such a chill comment! Really inspiring and uplifting! We are lucky to have such positive people in this world, always looking to brighten a strangers day with their kindness.
@chillchilli2671 Americans say that about their own country and you're sounding like them but with Australia instead like just saying your own country is better than even just 1 other country ain't even it at all
@Limemaster4286 Mate, all these Moaris are moving to my country because its way better here. The wages, rent, groceries are all lower here compared to oteroa.
As a Norwegian your earlier AMOC-video gave me lots of fun anxiety! This video is great too, but it has thankfully only stirred my pedantic side: 5:00: Edvard "Munch" ends with a 'k'-sound rather than a 'tsh'-sound.
i live on the same province with the toba caldera. all i want to say that the research about it is far less done by the local scientists. the government just trying to "tourismify" the site, rather than conduct special research about the connection of the supervolcano caldera and the seismic activities around the area that have been always hunting nearby town. always make it tourism act. i know these are for good tho, but dunno guys. if youre capable of conducting some observation around that you are always more welcome, or just come visit the site. a lot of resorts, hotels, and cultural destination around the lake and the island in middle of the lake, and also they could serving a non halal treat too.
Have travelled through the Central Plateau of NZ's north Island often, the number of different ash layers and the depth of some of them makes you feel small and shows how easy to wipe out we are.
Rangipo desert isn't actually a desert - there's no growth to speak of because the ground and any seeds in it have been repeatedly sterilised by Taupo eruptions. As a child I've sat on the mountain plateaus to the east of the Desert at the back of Ngamatea station and watched the army boys tooling around below - whilst sitting on huge boulders absolutely stuffed full of marine shells - not fossilised, just "preserved" and falling off the surfaces as they're exposed. There's no argument that the entire area used to be seabed quite recently when you encounter that kind of thing
14:00 The eruption wouldn’t necessarily need to have killed off most of humanity; it merely needed to isolate the pockets of humanity long enough that most of them died off before they could reconnect with other isolated populations and contribute to the modern genetic pool.
You seem to have missed that the USGS did a deep tomography of the Yellowstone system I read the paper in 2005. The key observation is that Yellowstone is mostly if not totally (I'm wobbling because it has been 20 years) but at that point say 2002 - 2003 they got a good pix down to about 600 Km down, There is a blob coming up at a depth of about 200 Km, and it is rising very quickly at 200 mm per year. That will be a bad one when it hits, but that's a megayear from now. The Santerini erupton generated a serious Mega Wave (Sometimes wrongly called a Tsunami) when the cone collapsed and let the agean sea onto a huge volume of magma at 800 C. The Mega Wave was likely over 60 meters tall in shallow water.
At 1:02 you describe Hunga Tonga/Hunga Haapai as a "submarine volcano". Actually, prior to its cataclysmic eruption, the top of the volcano was above water (subaerial), not submarine. Good video though. Also, to your list at 8:58, add the Altiplano-Puna Caldera Complex in Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.
I live in New Zealand and driving through Taupo always blows my mind trying to picture what that huge volcanic eruption must have looked like given the massive caldera left which is now Lake Taupo. It literally takes an hour to drive past it on the way south to Wellington. What an extraordinary event that must have been and how different it now looks all these thousands of years later. Excellent documentary, free from sensationalism. Thanks
Regarding Krakatoa, I did watch one documentary where they interviewed an Indonesian historian who presented to the film-makers old scrolls from the early royal court of the kingdom from centuries ago. When translated, the scrolls referred to a time when Sumatra and Java were in fact one island before a cataclysmic eruption created the Sunda Strait! The scientists associated with the documentary went on to search for evidence of this previous eruption by taking samples from the area around Krakatoa, but I questioned why they weren't looking further afield, where a previous larger eruption would've ejected material further away than the 1883 eruption!
What documentary? Do you have a link? The only earlier Krakatoa explosion I heard of was the hypothetical 536 event but some scientists say it was a volcano in Nicaragua or Alaska
I'm aware of this tale as well, however the actual distance between Sumatra and Java is a whopping 26 kilometers - and at the actual location of Krakatoa, it's over 90 kilometers. There's no scientific evidence backing up the possibility that the islands were connected in historic times, and most likely the tale was changed into something more impressive than whatever actual event it originally described. Side note: Contrast tales of a land bridge between India and Sri Lanka that was destroyed some 800 years ago by a storm. Not only is much of the land bridge still there, turning what would otherwise be a 100+ km gap into a 24 km gap peppered with islands, but scientists actually found further evidence that supports the idea all these islands were in fact connected in the past.
Most indonesian island in western side was part of big sunda land (sumatra, java, borneo, bali, etc) which means all of them are connected long ago especially sumatra, java & bali...proof is the fauna like tiger subspecies, indonesian have 3 tiger subspecies out of 8, sumatran tiger, java tiger and bali tiger (both bali & java is considered extinct), sumatra and java also have 2 rhino subspecies
Yellowstone actually has enough melt in its magma chamber to potentially trigger a phreatic eruption, which would not relieve any pressure and presents a danger that is nigh impossible to predict with enough accuracy to justify closing the park, unless it's for the long term (the bears would not like that; the sows got lonely and nervous during the pandemic because there were no tourists to use as meat shields between their cubs and boars). However, the melt percentage just barely scrapes the bottom of the threshold for a potential phreatic eruption, so the odds of it happening anytime soon are still less than one in a million. Thus it is generally safe to keep Yellowstone open.
@stevew6138 Yellowstone is very much a supervolcano, with three calderas overlapping one another just in the park. It's had two VEI 8 eruptions and one VEI 7 eruption in the time since the hotspot settled in its current location.
Though campi definitely needs to be monitored. It shouldn't be in the conversation with super volcanoes. As much as people like to call it one, it has never produced an eruption even remotely close to the threshold of a vei 8.
Campi flegrei is one of the most dangerous right now, however I think santorini is the more immediate one to worry about even though its just a normal volcano. The damage that santorini will cause will severely weaken the EU and the economy of several countries will be affected. The tidal wave would hit Greece extremely hard, but it would also hit Egypt, Tunisia, Turkey, Israel, Gaza and potentially Italy. Economically the whole of the western world would be hit and nations that are unaffected might take advantage in the chaos it causes
"What? Me worry?" When I was very young my dear mama taught me to not worry about things I could not control and as an octogenarian I still live by that method of thinking and I live just south of Yellowstone! LOL
@PiggoNZ the correct pronunciation is becoming more and more common though - Tauranga has already mostly gone through this shift and I rarely hear the old pakeha version anymore
Taupo eruption was recorded, in China, which allows the probable date and time of the eruption to be estimated. History is not just a western invention.
Regular volcanoes are more immediate threats, so we should worry more about them than the supervolcanoes that go off every other eon. Though if I had to worry about one, it'd be Taupo. Other supervolcanoes make bigger booms, but Taupo and the other calderas in its volcanic zone are surprisingly productive and frequent in their eruptive history. The other reason is... I live near it.
Even with a years notice, it would be a logistical nightmare to evacuate the entire north island and probably the south to a safe distance. How does one go about moving 5 million people at least 2000km across an ocean.
@loonyt22 Taupo is exceedingly unlikely to produce an Oroanui sized event in the near future. Last time around (about 1800 years ago) it was "only" ~43km^3 of Rock and about the same of water - much the same as it's produced every 1500-2500 years since that big one (That said, even that "small" size would blow out windows 200km away) What people SHOULD be worried about is Rotorua. That's freakishly unstable and the magma chamber is so shallow that warnings may be a matter of hours even with the very close monitoring that's constantly happening. You know a location is dangerous when Hydrogen Sulphide kills people relatively regularly
As a New Zealander just wanted to say that was very informative. I didn't know bloody Taupo had erupted 3 times! I thought it was just the one. Interesting that the 3 Taupo eruptions are no way evenly spaced apart. You just don't know when its going to blow.
8 years ago, I looked into the number of volcanos erupting around the world. The average at the time was 26. A few days ago I listened to a to a paleoclimatologist, and he noted the number now was 51. An eruption of VEI 7 is not out of the picture if you look at the odds. That would be a bad day.
The figure you found 8 years ago was wrong. There are about 40-50 volcanic eruptions going on (above the ocean surface - we can't properly detect most underwater eruptions) at any given time, and it has always been like this. We just didn't notice many of them in the past because no one was looking. As for a VEI7+ eruption, the bigger the eruption, the earlier the warning signs start. Despite what many people think, we can predict major volcanic eruptions quite well (ironically it's the smaller ones that are the most dangerous, because they DON'T always show a lot of signs, and there might not be an exclusion zone in place if there's no signs). A VEI4 eruption tends to show signs at least a week, possibly a month or longer in advance. A VEI5 eruption usually builds up across a month or more, a VEI6 is preceded by months of escalating activity, and a VEI7? It'll probably start with unrest more than a year before the climactic phase. Tambora, for example, woke up in 1812, three whole years before it's cataclysmic eruption. And back in 1991, Pinatubo's VEI6 eruption built up in such a way that volcanologists realized something was going on, and in fact something BIG was going on, and they correctly evacuated everyone up to FORTY KILOMETERS away from the volcano, after which it devastated a gigantic swath of land... but all within that evacuation zone. Five hundred thousand people, by modern census, live within 40 kilometers of the volcano, but less than a thousand were killed in the eruption.
In the last 5 years of my life I have witnessed the strongest Earthquake ever recorded in our area, the worst flood in record, the hottest summer ever, the worst winter storm in a century, the strongest Typhoon on record, Aurora Borealis near the ecuator, and not to mention the pandemic. Why not add a supervolcano to my list of once-in-a-lifetime events.
I literally live right on the side of an extinct (dormant?) volcano, near its top, in New Zealand! My profile picture is taken from the actual highest point of the volcano I'm living on. It last erupted about 7 million years ago, so, hopefully, it won't happen again anytime soon!
So good, so high quality. I even shared the link to the channel on my socials to spread the world. This is the first day that anything from this channel has been recommended to me, and I am avid consumer of Astrum and related content from other channels. Just a data point for you. Great quality and something everybody of all levels of knowledge can enjoy. Congrats. ;)
The Taupo caldera is a restless one indeed. I grew up there. From time to time earthquake swarms occur and can last more than a month like the one that happened in the mid 1960s. We were shaken daily in school and awakened nearly every night. Fun fact: Having observed quite a number of pyroclastic flows on video I came to realize that when the ejected rock with its dissolved gases is vented, the exploding rock transforming into thousands of smaller bombs and particles greatly multiplies its surface area and effectively releases a huge amount of stored heat energy all at once which gives the cloud great buoyancy. As to the final comment in this video, I'd like to see one of these events regardless of the outcome. We all have to go sometime.
It’s an unpredictable one because it has so many vents that can do it’s own separate eruptions and the overall biggest start out at 2 minor and then at least 5 vents continuous of their own sized varying eruptions to make the overall amount
we shouldnt be worried about the supervolcanoes alone we should be worried if a new one forms, any volcano along that zone with the right conditions can massively erupt eg. tambora
I live right next to lake Taupō and you would think an eruption would be a terrifying thought that consistently burns at the back of your brain. I find a sort of peace in knowing that it it were to explode, the humans nearby wouldnt suffer and it would be over in an instant. We cant really do much to stop something of that scale, its crazy.
1:41 I was having breakfast on my deck in northern Thailand when I heard what sounded like distant thunder when Hunga Tonga went off. I felt the M7.7 in Myanmar
"Once we thought ourselves mighty and clever at our subjugation of the world. We went into space, to the moon and thought we understood the working of the universe. Yes, I see that smile. You know the price we paid for our folly. There was no stopping it when the ground started to rip open. All we could do was run and pray."
Hi dude….. excellent video….. I’m a kiwi…. But living in Queenzland Australia… Mt Ruaphua is an active volcano in NZ …. But it’s also a major ski resort!!!! Lake Taupo is a super volcano…… but it’s also a trout fishing paradise….. White Island is another active volcano…. Which I’ve walked on….. But the interesting thing about the Tongan volcano eruption is that it put 58,000 Olympic size swimming pools of water into the atmosphere!!!! And that amount of water will affect the world for the next decade!!! It also pushed the SAM….weather event closer to Antarctic!!! Hence countries around the South Pacific are experiencing a lot of rain and strong southerly winds!!!! And the incompetent weather forecasters are making no allowance for this volcanic change in the weather!!!! I left NZ because of the weather and the bloody earthquake!!! 33,000 earthquakes a year on average!!! Regards Ian 👨🎤🇳🇿🍸🍸
Kia ora From Turangi New Zealand. On the south end of Taupo. Thanks for another great video. Big ups to you bro you pronounced Taupo right! Ill keep you on brother haha keep up the good work. Ma te wa ehoa. ( Ill see you next time my friend, in Te reo Maori)
I think it's quite interesting that lemonade is a carbonated beverage pretty much everywhere around the world except the US. Fantastic either way, just interesting
Lovely documentary...Greetings from St. Kitts & Nevis in the Caribbean, just above the island of Montserrat....many memories of Ash covering us up while growing up from that island's Volcano.
Ohio, western PA and NY, the province of Toronto and Michigan are probably the best areas of the world to see little seismic activity and the most minimal, if that can be said, effects of volcanism, and are likely to remain stable in climate for a longer time. Stable continental plates, large volume of fresh water to mitigate extremes of cold and heat, good soil for food production, and a current quality transportation network.
First day i moved to Auckland, NZ i went to the Auckland Museum. There they have a volcano room that explained Auckland sits on a volcanic field of at least 50 erupted monogenetic volcanoes, and new ones can occour at any time....the key difference is now most areas where it will erupt is inhabited by large populations. Great introduction to my new home
Excellent and honest interpretation of how little we still know. I heard the Tongan volcano from Chch NZ. After visiting Santorini a few years back, I underestimated it's ongoing risk as underlined by the earthquake swarm a couple of months ago. That would have been scary given the age of those beautiful whitewashed buildings on the edge of the Caldera.
I still remember the Winter of 91/92. We had the coldest weather i could remember and blizzards where you can´t even see 3 feet in front of you. Always suspected it had something to do with Pinatubo.
@juanita935 That was my back yard, looked at it out the kitchen window, Orton Bradley park was playground and the Pack Horse hut was home away from home. Have a great weekend
It should be noted that the deadliest of volcanic eruptions were not explosive at all, but effusive; they were flood basalts like the Deccan Traps and the Siberian Traps, and even the Yellowstone hotspot was the source of a sizable flood basalt known as the Columbia River Flood Basalts. It was an eruption far greater than any super eruption, having erupted 170,000+ cubic kilometers of liquid lava. The Siberian Traps spread liquid lava over a million square miles and is linked to the extinction event that ushered in the dinosaurs. And the Deccan Traps contributed to the extinction that ended the dinosaurs, along with Chicxulub which was the final nail in the coffin. Hunga Tonga is estimated to have been an eruption between 6-14 cubic kilometers in size, pending further investigation of the seafloor caldera. Most estimates these days put it at 10 km3, which is a low-end 6, and 10 times the size of Mt. St. Helens. It's also noteworthy that these new estimates place it at likely being larger than Pinatubo and thus the largest eruption of the last 100 years going back to the Novarupta/Katmai eruption in Alaska in the early 1900s.
Tonga inspired me to start writing a story ... The ancient one tore loose her chains near the Kingdom of Tonga. Propelled to freedom at speed of sound Kraken's rage echoed off continents seeking its headwaters. From the flashing arcade of Tokyo night her captor pinged I'm coming my Love Violent waves rushed Onjuku
There is a supervolcano in Japan, mt aso which erupted so massive there’s a huge crater wrapping around the current sized mt aso. It erupted 90,000 years ago so that size eruptions are in a silent state for it. The smaller average size volcano in the center is currently active and commonly erupts.
I was just about to comment that haha Campi Flegri, Italy, The Phligrean Fields, or "Burning Fields" I'd saynl it is the one worth watching at the moment as it hS been showing increasing activity for almost 25 years and even the volcanologists studying it are a little concerned by it...
@ScottyOfJohn56 Definitely. I would bet it is next of the 7 and above to go off, even if it is not in our lifetime. (I am not hoping for this, as when it goes it will be the most devastating geologic occurrence in modern history, but current activity and statistics are not looking good).
@RowanDRain I've been following it through Silki's channel she seems to be about the only channel giving I depth coverage of what's going on there.. Yeh I get the feeling Italy's government etc arnt moving fast enough to highlight the danger, as this video mentions noone in living memory knows what a VEi 8 would behave like before or during, and taking Tonga as an example it produced one of the largest eruptions in modern history literally out of nowhere...yes there was a smaller eruptions but noone was expecting what occurred there at all...I always look at history, the earth is capable of truely apocalyptic eruptions, yellowstone etc would pale in comparison to something on the scale of the Decan Traps or Siberian Traps that erupted not just for days or a week or 2...but DECADES... Im not trying to be a doom monger but fact is these kinds of events can and do happen and they will happen again... I remember when the BBC docudrama "Supervolcano" was aired when I was a kid (almost 30 years ago...) which gave a scientifically backed example of what an eruption on the scale of the 1st eruption at Yellowstone, Huckleberry Ridge, how the head of Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, Richard Lieberman I think he was called in the show, said that he'd give a reporter odds of 600,000 to 1 that yellowstone would erupt on a large scale...yes the acting wasn't great but it was a genuinely mind blowing show, if taken for the facts it contained...that was 1 supervolcano those odds were based on...and we know now as this video tells us they're are atleast 20 of them world wide known today, which massively dilutes those odds, and there's always the threat of a deep underwater one that may or may not be bigger than yellowstone, not have erupted for millions of years...Still hidden in the depth of the ocean, coz remember only about 5% of the seafloor has been accurately mapped and explored... Governments around the globe should have disaster relief plans in place for these events, be inventing ways to grow food on a massive scale without the sun, I.e hydroponics etc, vehicles capable of traversing a landscape devastated by such an eruption to evacuate as many as possible as soon as possible after such an event instead of wasting money on weapons of war...coz let's face it the population is expolding, in another 5-10 years well have 9 Billion souls on this earth, and an eruption on a scale of which we know yellowstone or Campi Flegri is capable of could happen tomorrow...or in the next 100 years but it never fail's to be properly prepared and have the populace properly prepared for such an event...basic survival skills should be part of every school syllabus, water purification, food management etc... We may consider the Earth as ours, and put up with the pollution and ill treatment we've given it over the years, chemical sprays, nukes...etc etc but we must never forget, all Mother Nature has to do is hiccup, and we're all screwed.... Sorry for the long comment, it just winds me up how ignorant the top 1% can be... 🤣
@RowanDRain @RowanDRain I've been following it through Silki's channel she seems to be about the only channel giving I depth coverage of what's going on there.. Yeh I get the feeling Italy's government etc arnt moving fast enough to highlight the danger, as this video mentions noone in living memory knows what a VEi 8 would behave like before or during, and taking Tonga as an example it produced one of the largest eruptions in modern history literally out of nowhere...yes there was a smaller eruptions but noone was expecting what occurred there at all...I always look at history, the earth is capable of truely apocalyptic eruptions, yellowstone etc would pale in comparison to something on the scale of the Decan Traps or Siberian Traps that erupted not just for days or a week or 2...but DECADES... Im not trying to be a doom monger but fact is these kinds of events can and do happen and they will happen again... I remember when the BBC docudrama "Supervolcano" was aired when I was a kid (almost 30 years ago...) which gave a scientifically backed example of what an eruption on the scale of the 1st eruption at Yellowstone, Huckleberry Ridge, how the head of Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, Richard Lieberman I think he was called in the show, said that he'd give a reporter odds of 600,000 to 1 that yellowstone would erupt on a large scale...yes the acting wasn't great but it was a genuinely mind blowing show, if taken for the facts it contained...that was 1 supervolcano those odds were based on...and we know now as this video tells us they're are atleast 20 of them world wide known today, which massively dilutes those odds, and there's always the threat of a deep underwater one that may or may not be bigger than yellowstone, not have erupted for millions of years...Still hidden in the depth of the ocean, coz remember only about 5% of the seafloor has been accurately mapped and explored... Governments around the globe should have disaster relief plans in place for these events, be inventing ways to grow food on a massive scale without the sun, I.e hydroponics etc, vehicles capable of traversing a landscape devastated by such an eruption to evacuate as many as possible as soon as possible after such an event instead of wasting money on weapons of war...coz let's face it the population is expolding, in another 5-10 years well have 9 Billion souls on this earth, and an eruption on a scale of which we know yellowstone or Campi Flegri is capable of could happen tomorrow...or in the next 100 years but it never fail's to be properly prepared and have the populace properly prepared for such an event...basic survival skills should be part of every school syllabus, water purification, food management etc... We may consider the Earth as ours, and put up with the pollution and ill treatment we've given it over the years, chemical sprays, nukes...etc etc but we must never forget, all Mother Nature has to do is hiccup, and we're all in the brpwn stuff... Sorry for the long comment, it just winds me up how ignorant the top 1% can be... 🤣
I’d like to contest “climate” at 5:37. It had significant influence on global weather disruptions. Not a noticeable climate shift among regular noise according to the best analysis of ice core samples.
True enough: "climate" is generally used for much longer (thousands of years) periods. Although the current rate of human caused change while much faster, might count due to the global impact and the likelihood it *will* persist for at least a hundred years.
Yes so true and all the save the planet people got the marketing wrong, we have to save ourselves! The planet will be fine as George Carlin so eloquently describes😂
I bought my first house in the southern puget sound area. I handed my realtor a map I made showing the areas of lahar zones as a "no", rings for a VEI 3-6 for Rainier, and 90 ft above sea level for Tsunamis. He said he had never seen someone ever do that, I told him I was a geographer, he thought it was funny. I got a house that fit those categories. Figured if we hit a VEI of 7 we were all done for anyway. Every river in this area only has 1-3 road crossings, segmenting tens or hundreds of thousands of people in sections that will be isolated. Heck, even a VEI of 5 will cause massive resource issues and evacuations... pfft.. not over the one lane bridge that might be left.
I'm a Botanist with a chunk of Landforms Geology classes. And I too live at the southern end of the Puget Sound in Washington State. I do the same thing with choosing where to live, except I also rule out floodplains, high wildfire risk, and landslides. I remember getting lightly dusted with St. Helens' ash, and was 12 miles from the epicenter of the Nisqually earthquake (mag. 6.9 if I remember correctly). With the slight chance of a big subduction quake here of mag. 7 to 9(?), I fasten the top of bookcases to the wall, and don't put heavy or breakable items on high shelves. Even without those risks, we still have the, all too common, chances of a car crash or falling down stairs. Might seem a bit of overkill, but fits well with my plan of living forever. (I'm only 71 so far...).
Interesting, though I think the last Taupo eruption of VEI 8 was about 2000 years ago. That wasn't the one that caused most of the caldera though. Also, no question was begged (check the meaning of that phrase).
The Magma Chambers under the Campi Flegrei system were recently mapped in 4d by underwater equipment the first full chamber was 3km down, a second existed at 8km, and a huge vacuous chamber with pipes leading off went down 20km and contained chrystalized magma. A monster please don't write it off. Some are even contemplating a connection to Vesuvius.
All of its chambers combined don't equal to even the smallest of yellowstones chambers. It's largest eruption was 9 times smaller than the most minimum volume needed to be classified as a super volcano. Instead of people needing to stop looking down on campi, people need to stop over inflating what it actually is. It's truly awesome enough without people fluffing it up into something it isn't.
@kennethd7011 Agreed but the fact that so many people live in/around the caldera is a serious problem even if there's only a relatively minor eruption.
@alanbrown397The fact they thought at one point that they can evacuate thousands of people in 72 hours warning/notice is worrying, only to come out 2 months ago, admit they can't, then increase the amount of alert levels. we've been watching campi for ages now, the solfatara base is fragile, and scientists have been begging the authorities to evacuate the red zone for years, its going unheard and ignored. people are rightfully scared and demanding answers.
Go to geolog.ie/ASTRUM70 or scan QR Code on the screen and use code ASTRUM70 to get 70% off your custom skincare starter set. Plus you get a free gift + up to 50% off add-ons.
This should be deleted.
Scrape your profits off insecure juveniles somewhere else...
Why don't you invest your resources into dissemminating healthy diets and exercise routines! Thereby healing the problem naturally and healthily, and there's no need for toxic skin applications like your product. But I'm sure you say it's safe
...
You asked how worried we should be about one of these erupting, not at all. If there is nothing to be done about a natural disaster, worrying just takes away from the beauty of life.
There are only 2 super volcanoes & are on opposite sides of the earth.
The ring of fire volcanos only produce mega eruptions.
Gotta say, very high quality, well thought-out ad integration.
Fuck me but that's a jarring, awful promo.
I love that you didn't even try to pronounce Eyjafjallajökull. "...You'll see its name right here on the screen". Can't blame you for that one!
Hahah loved it also 😂
“E” “yaff” “yalla” “yokle”
@Fisch-Fisch *yokuttle. Eya-fyatla-yokuttle. ;)
I laughed when it came on the screen... "Oh yeah, the one nobody could pronounce... " I was not disappointed...
The way he butchered Mauna Loa, Icelandic people are also glad he passed on pronouncing it.
Boy can I sure pick em! I grew up 100 miles from Taupo, now I live 100 miles from Yellowstone.
Mt st Helens to Yellowstone myself
I live in Taupō. The running joke here is "If it does go, we'll never know". 😅
Nice is John dutton still governor there ??😂😂
@anthonyhovens7488 Same here with Yellowstone, you won't even have time to kiss your ass goodbye.
When the big one goes that will not be far enough away
This reminds me of the old History Channel. A network that used to produce really interesting and educational content. Nowadays, its just Ancient Aliens. Astrum Earth is considerably some of the best quality content I have seen on RUclips.
Discover Tube is also a good new channel on volcanos.
Well for starters it's not American centric
Can't wait for the Astrum Ancient Aliens channel!!!! ❤
Ancient Astronaut Theorists believe that they got rid of interesting documentaries, because Aliens took over the running of the History channel sometime in the early 2000s
Reminds me of Nova on PBS TV. Excellent production values!
I studied volcanology in New Zealand amd we do see some evidence of the Taupo eruption in the rock record. It's pretty amazing stuff. A man from one of the local Iwi took us to a spot where you could pull charcoal branches from this rock wall of pyroclastic material. We had a BBQ on super volcano charcoals it was unreal.
Dude that sounds so cool!
Amazing !!!
As an NZer and a former geologist who studied many of our large volcanoes, it is refreshing to see a documentary that is factual, to the point, and delivered in a way that a casual audience can understand it. The best part is provides volcanic examples from other areas of the world, other than from the US and Europe.
Yellowstone has only erupted 6 times in its history, but Taupo has erupted 26 times and ejected the same amount of material as Yellowstone.
Thank you! I'm relieved you can see exactly what we're trying to achieve
We need a western series called “Taupo”.
@AstrumEarthauthor & researcher Stan Deyo has experienced an extraordinary dream about Lake Taupo and it erupting. He went there and found place and things he'd only seen in the dream. It is quite strange. He is a pretty serious guy. This happened quite a few years ago, I think he is still alive.🎉❤
Lake Rotorua is alive as well. Our second caldera.
@7hilladelphia Bloody hell, I hope it holds off for a few
more decades, the last thing NZ needs now is Taupo going off. We're expecting a possible couple of megaquakes in the next 50 or so years too 😮
There was one good thing that came out of the "Year without a summer" and that was Frankenstein. Mary Shelly was stuck inside because of the weather and her and some friends decided to write some stories.
……‘ghost stories’ was what was decided to write, by those gathered………
It also drove migration out of New England and into upstate New York, which became a hotbed of social, religious and political reform, including the abolition movement, women's suffrage, and the creation of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, nicknamed Mormons, which settled the Western US and now has 17 million members worldwide.
Also Bikes were invented during The Year Without A Summer.
I gotta say, your Māori pronunciation is on point
I came here to say that!
But couldn't be arsed to TRY to pronounce the Icelandic volcano
So uh.... My dad's a vulcanologist here in NZ. He mapped the volcanic cones of banks penninsula for his PhD, and I grew up being terrified of super volcanoes and that our city, Christchurch, was overdue for a catastrophic earthquake. There was only one part of the city where he'd let us live as he said liquefaction would be a major problem in an earthquake, so we had to live on the bedrock of the northwest of the city.
Lo and behold, in 2010 and then 22 Feb 2011, EVERYTHING he said about christchurch being overdue for a catastrophic earthquake happened. I was still in school and you bet this was terrifying. Even as a 32 year old adult I sometimes have nightmares about catastrophic supervolcanoes in the north island destroying much of the country and our family who lives up there 😢
@sophroneil When settlers arrived in NZ there were 3 major quakes .1840 1848 1855.While they built all the cities it's been very quiet.But it won't stay like that.It's so locked & loaded & ready to pop.🤔☹😱🙏
And most people in Christchurch didn't believe we got serious earthquakes here. A huge ooopsy!
And the council along with its engineers cleared the way for residential suburbs, and got away Scott free.
@kamauwikeepawikk9520 Aaaah, but they are not the only ones we need to 'point the finger' at. As a 'couch potato' expert, the developer went to the courts to press for his case to over-ride the council engineers report about the risk of liquefaction, so he could build housing
in that area. The judge over-rode the council. So that judge is also seriously guilty. That judge later conceded that he made a mistake. Never paid a cent. And then you have the insurance companies. If they had done their evaluations properly, they would have said to the house owners who went to insure their house "No. Your on land prone to liquefaction in the event of an earthquake." With no insurance, they would not be able to get a mortgage. And the banks should have done their evaluations to. And the property buyers should have done some investigation as well. Any 1 of those organisations standing up and doing the right thing, would have left the developer with no development. And the whole sorry mess would have been avoided. That's my view on that matter.
However, having said all that, I am at great risk in my house. I live in a liquefaction zone. I am live in Hawke's Bay, which was the site of New Zealand's worst earthquake on the 3rd of February 1931, that killed 256 people and lasted around 2 1/2 minutes, magnitude 7.8 and caused massive building damage. Also the resulting fire was not able to be contained when the firefighters water ran out. Trapped people died. Thousands were injured. And that earthquake was NOT associated with the Hikurangi Trough. This is way overdue for a tectonic movement. I'm living on the 'edge' of a potential disaster, as much as those living in Taupo and Rotorua and Tarawera. I don't think there is anywhere safe in New Zealand quite frankly.
I'm also from Christchurch and was there during the time of the quakes. Lived on Mount Pleasant where the epicenter was and.. yeah our house crumbled to pieces. Still remember those days with a shiver. I also remember joining the student army after the quakes to help dig people's homes out of the liquefaction - mainly the elderly and disabled. Felt good to help out where I could after feeling so helpless
As a prospective volcanologist, I am so glad you didn’t needlessly fear monger about these volcanoes like I see in most other videos or so called documentaries on the subject. Y’all did your research
LOL, I just wished they do a better job of pronunciation. The narrator mispronounced practically all of the volcanoes and supervolcanos' names that was mentioned in this video. He never bothered trying to say the name of the Icelandic volcano.
@TheGhostGuitarsand apparently can't properly pronounce the word "nuclear" which seems like it should be a low bar for a science channel.
I disagree. What they say about Hunga Tonga being a supervolcano isn't correct. To make that classification it would need to have had a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 8. But it was only a VEI 6. Thus it is _not a supervolcano._ For the record, no human has ever seen a supervolcano, and all of the footage in this video is not from one. There were no humans alive, thus no video cameras either, the last time a supervolcano exploded. If they had done more complete research, they could have easily found that out. Like most videos about supervolcanos, this one is also an _Epic Fail._
@TheGhostGuitars AI can't pronounce names correctly. To correct that, you need to know how to write a better AI Script.
@Bigfoot-px9gj Closest to a human observation of a supervolcanic event would have been Australian aboriginal people 26,000 years ago when Taupo had its latest VEI 8 event, they wouldn't have seen it, but would certainly have heard it and experienced other consequences of the eruption. Given their strong oral history traditions, going back thousands of years, there may well have been stories about it. Unfortunately a lot of the oral history was lost after the arrival of European colonizers.
"Its Icelandic name on the screen here for you".....got me laughing.
Congratulations on your pronunciation of Taupō!
Not so good on Edvard "Munch".
21:43 The problem with Earth is there are so many low possibility, world ending hazards that while we are mathematically unlikely to experience any of it, it only takes 1. A super solar storm, asteroids, volcanoes, and any number of exceedingly rare yet historically documented catastrophes.
Super solar storm? Like mysterious Miyake event?
As a kiwi your bang on pronunciation of Taupo warms my heart.
still skipped the Icelandic at 3:36 XD. to be clear i cant either :p
I was astonished to hear Tonga pronounced without the G (i.e. tong-uh rather than ton-guh). Well done!
Now lets hear him pronounce that mountain with the really long name 😂
I heard it and instantly paused to come to the comments and sing praise. As someone who's heard Te Reo butchered plenty on RUclips, its really refreshing and shows a level of dedication and care to the craft.
Yep, excellent pronunciation. Ka pai ☺️
As a Kiwi, hearing you pronounce Taupō correctly really meant a lot. It’s a small thing, but it shows real respect. Ngā mihi nui (with great thanks) from Aotearoa, New Zealand.
chur my bro
Billy t found a jandal
I second this!
Cringe
Interesting because thirty years ago it was pronounced completely differently!
I like how you danced around NOT slaughtering the name name of the Icelandic volcano. That was very slick!
He tried Mauna Loa and decided that was plenty
@BKF0 Slaughtered that, didn't he?
@BKF0He had to try “Munch”.
Lmao, I had to go to the comments when he said what could charitably be described as "an attempt at pronouncing Mauna Loa" and found this. I didn't even register what he was saying until he showed footage of Mauna Loa...
And really, I only mention it because "Mona Lahu" is so bad a miscommunication I legitimately didn't know what it was. Though he did edit it to show the name, so I suppose that saved it
I was in Portland for the St Helens eruption, and while the magma is of interest to distant viewers, and the flow deadly to those near the volcano at the time, the outcome that lingers days and days is the ash. It's terrible and gets everywhere including your lungs. No one had masks at that time.
For someone who hasn't lived through it, it's like powdery snow that doesn't melt. The slightest movement will stir up a cloud. If it gets wet it will collapse roofs, but you can't use windshield wipers or it will scratch the glass. You will track it everywhere because it sticks to your clothes.
maybe Elon can figure out something
Yuck 😢
Did you have any after effects health wise?
One night at work, I watched a dust cloud move through through part of the city on the wind . And the dust is sharp - the micro particles scrubbed the finish on my car like someone had taken a Brillo pad to it.
@KnawedOne when I read your post, I was thinking yes, it's like a dust storm or maybe like a sand storm in the desert. But when I searched, here's what it gave me... No, volcanic ash is very different from the dust in a dust storm, though both can reduce visibility. While a dust storm is composed of fine soil particles, volcanic ash consists of tiny, sharp, abrasive fragments of rock and glass.
Something tells me I'm not supposed to be watching this right now but it was visible through the playlist page :)
Oops!!
Haha!
Amazing XD
Try living on it
Taupo*
@0:40 That's Mt Bromo. I went there last year. About 5 minutes after getting down there was an almightly ash/sand explosive eruption. I don't think anyone died but many hundreds of tourists were covered in ash and suffered injuries as they attempted to escape down the steep sides. I think there are at least two deaths at Mt Bromo every year caused by tourists going off the path and slipping into the steep-sided crater.
Why even go?!?!
@paulmcadam6825 Why? Because it's on the tourist trail, I suppose!
To put things into perspective, significantly more people die skydiving, than visiting there if only approx 2 die every year there. Why jump out of a plane?
People do what they want to do, whether it's thrill, or scenic. I for one, would rather visit a volcano than jump out of a plane. @paulmcadam6825
I heard the tonga explosion and I'm in New Zealand, it was so crazy , the sound came from the ground not the air like you think it would
So, a seismic wave? Interesting...
why did you think it would come from the air?
I live in the Malborough sounds & very remote place .
I heard bangs going off & the corrugated roof was rattling.
I thought someone was shooting & shot was landing on my roof.
BGGg explosion that one. Relieved so few people hurt.
That is so amazing.
@SunlightParadise my wife and i also heard it. We live inland Bay of Plenty, NZ. We had both heard Mt Rurapehu erupting in 1996 or 97 and immediately looked in that direction where we had heard and seen it before. We were amazed to learn where the eruption happened and to know what we heard was the eruption’s in Tonga that had occurred 2 hours earlier 2,000km away. Shortly after we had a door at the end of a long hallway rattling continuously . I realised later that this was the atmospheric shock waves travelling around the world.
Taking about Mt Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, Monte Somma also deserves mention. Mt Vesuvius is nested within its caldera (not necessarily resulting from a VEI=8 eruption, but likely a big one with VEI=6-7).
I was standing at the beach at Taupo one day, and I visualized a loud bang, followed by an earthquake. I imagined a huge bubble of water lifting up from the surface of the lake, and a tsunami of hot water rising and racing straight towards me, with shattered boats peppered through the dark water. I realized that if such an event occured there would be no chance whatsoever of getting away from it, unless you were in a helicopter which was already taking off. It's a beautiful area, but if you know about the volcanic history of this place, you have a little tingle of fear lurking in the back of your mind.
i was in Rotorua about 20 years ago. We went to one of the parks, next to a small lake, and while we were there, all the pigeons and ducks and coots in the suburb went straight up in the air at once, and flew off south. You don't often see ducks trying their very best to make height. It was VERY noticeable, the lake and all the trees surrounding us vomited water fowl almost straight up in the air, and they left in a straight line south.
We all laughed nervously, went straight back to the car and back to the hotel.
We all got up early for a run before breakfast, and heard an ambulance rush out of the town center.
Then that night, there was a report on the TV that a housewife had been inured in a small steam explosion which took place very close to where we had been parked. I said "You know, I don't really like the idea that the ground could erupt and burn me with steam here" and the three women I was with turned to the cupboards and got our bags out to pack them, without more encouragement than that.
:P
@monkeytrousers8562 I have had a discussion with a volcanologist professor from Waikato University about the main Taupo eruption blast of 233AD and they had calculated that the pyroclastic blast was traveling at approximately 1,000km an hour across the land scape. Temperatures near the eruption reached 300c and at about 40km the temperature had increased to about 600c. I live about 60km north of the eruption and have found evidence of the native forest that was growing in our area at the time was flattened by the blast and mainly incinerated but some charcoal has been found. All evidence found indicates that the blast came from the Taupo direction. I have personally seen logs that were fallen in the blast and were buried in the fluvial flow that flowed down the Rangitaiki River and buried them before they were consumed by the heat. They showed scorch marks on parts of the logs and were covered by up to 9m of pumice material.
@uncletiggermclaren7592 You and they have good survival instincts
[Unlike the bod who scuttled down with their iPhone to video it closer & was never seen again 😋]
But if the bang's big enough the shock-wave won't do a helicopter a lot of good
The helicopter still wouldn't save you.
@nidgem7171 I wouldn't have suggested leaving our paid for accommodation, and driving off out of the area, because those particular women would have all found reasons I was being "silly" but once I pointed out why I was uneasy, they just set to without thinking about where we were going and we drove off as the sun set.
We were already driving away before they thought to ask where we were going, but I just told them to find accommodation somewhere closer to Wellington, and they got a very nice B'n'B type deal near Taihape.
Money is for spending when you are on holiday.
They have all moved far away across the world now, costs a lot more to go spend time with them than it once did.
If their research is as polished as their presentation, this is a gem of a channel. Thank you for all the hard work!
2:10 for your scale of intensity it says "volume... in square km" in the lower left. Should be cubic kilometers.
Hey Astrum, your pronunciation of Lake Taupo was absolutely 💯. Much love from NZ bro
10:20 great pronunciation of Taupō!
as u can see at the 14:28. they put a picture of Mount Sinabung, that recently erupted. Mount Sinabung and Toba Supervolcano separated by about 25-30Km . I lived there and i know how scary it was when Mount Sinabung erupted let alone hearing the Toba.
As a New Zealander, all I have to add is….wheeeee…
Didn't ask
@ but you still replied nonetheless! Thanks, buddy! Such a chill comment! Really inspiring and uplifting! We are lucky to have such positive people in this world, always looking to brighten a strangers day with their kindness.
@ Didn't ask also australia is better
@chillchilli2671 Americans say that about their own country and you're sounding like them but with Australia instead like just saying your own country is better than even just 1 other country ain't even it at all
@Limemaster4286 Mate, all these Moaris are moving to my country because its way better here. The wages, rent, groceries are all lower here compared to oteroa.
Haven't they been saying this for 50 years? If it happens, there's nothing you can do.
Thank you for not fear mongering and just presenting science and the gorgeous facts, video and art.
Living here in the Bay of Plenty,North Island New Zealand, this made me think 😊.
As a Norwegian your earlier AMOC-video gave me lots of fun anxiety! This video is great too, but it has thankfully only stirred my pedantic side:
5:00: Edvard "Munch" ends with a 'k'-sound rather than a 'tsh'-sound.
i live on the same province with the toba caldera. all i want to say that the research about it is far less done by the local scientists. the government just trying to "tourismify" the site, rather than conduct special research about the connection of the supervolcano caldera and the seismic activities around the area that have been always hunting nearby town. always make it tourism act. i know these are for good tho, but dunno guys. if youre capable of conducting some observation around that you are always more welcome, or just come visit the site. a lot of resorts, hotels, and cultural destination around the lake and the island in middle of the lake, and also they could serving a non halal treat too.
Have travelled through the Central Plateau of NZ's north Island often, the number of different ash layers and the depth of some of them makes you feel small and shows how easy to wipe out we are.
And Mt Doom waiting.
Rangipo desert isn't actually a desert - there's no growth to speak of because the ground and any seeds in it have been repeatedly sterilised by Taupo eruptions.
As a child I've sat on the mountain plateaus to the east of the Desert at the back of Ngamatea station and watched the army boys tooling around below - whilst sitting on huge boulders absolutely stuffed full of marine shells - not fossilised, just "preserved" and falling off the surfaces as they're exposed. There's no argument that the entire area used to be seabed quite recently when you encounter that kind of thing
14:00 The eruption wouldn’t necessarily need to have killed off most of humanity; it merely needed to isolate the pockets of humanity long enough that most of them died off before they could reconnect with other isolated populations and contribute to the modern genetic pool.
Pronunciation of Taupo on point
You seem to have missed that the USGS did a deep tomography of the Yellowstone system I read the paper in 2005. The key observation is that Yellowstone is mostly if not totally (I'm wobbling because it has been 20 years) but at that point say 2002 - 2003 they got a good pix down to about 600 Km down, There is a blob coming up at a depth of about 200 Km, and it is rising very quickly at 200 mm per year. That will be a bad one when it hits, but that's a megayear from now.
The Santerini erupton generated a serious Mega Wave (Sometimes wrongly called a Tsunami) when the cone collapsed and let the agean sea onto a huge volume of magma at 800 C. The Mega Wave was likely over 60 meters tall in shallow water.
At 1:02 you describe Hunga Tonga/Hunga Haapai as a "submarine volcano". Actually, prior to its cataclysmic eruption, the top of the volcano was above water (subaerial), not submarine. Good video though. Also, to your list at 8:58, add the Altiplano-Puna Caldera Complex in Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.
I live in New Zealand and driving through Taupo always blows my mind trying to picture what that huge volcanic eruption must have looked like given the massive caldera left which is now Lake Taupo. It literally takes an hour to drive past it on the way south to Wellington. What an extraordinary event that must have been and how different it now looks all these thousands of years later. Excellent documentary, free from sensationalism. Thanks
Regarding Krakatoa, I did watch one documentary where they interviewed an Indonesian historian who presented to the film-makers old scrolls from the early royal court of the kingdom from centuries ago. When translated, the scrolls referred to a time when Sumatra and Java were in fact one island before a cataclysmic eruption created the Sunda Strait!
The scientists associated with the documentary went on to search for evidence of this previous eruption by taking samples from the area around Krakatoa, but I questioned why they weren't looking further afield, where a previous larger eruption would've ejected material further away than the 1883 eruption!
Isn't there like an ocean there? You can only go so far before running into logistical issues.
What documentary? Do you have a link?
The only earlier Krakatoa explosion I heard of was the hypothetical 536 event but some scientists say it was a volcano in Nicaragua or Alaska
@oldworldpatriot8920 I'll see if I can find it.
I'm aware of this tale as well, however the actual distance between Sumatra and Java is a whopping 26 kilometers - and at the actual location of Krakatoa, it's over 90 kilometers. There's no scientific evidence backing up the possibility that the islands were connected in historic times, and most likely the tale was changed into something more impressive than whatever actual event it originally described.
Side note: Contrast tales of a land bridge between India and Sri Lanka that was destroyed some 800 years ago by a storm. Not only is much of the land bridge still there, turning what would otherwise be a 100+ km gap into a 24 km gap peppered with islands, but scientists actually found further evidence that supports the idea all these islands were in fact connected in the past.
Most indonesian island in western side was part of big sunda land (sumatra, java, borneo, bali, etc) which means all of them are connected long ago especially sumatra, java & bali...proof is the fauna like tiger subspecies, indonesian have 3 tiger subspecies out of 8, sumatran tiger, java tiger and bali tiger (both bali & java is considered extinct), sumatra and java also have 2 rhino subspecies
Nice to see my old holiday haunt of Kuratau on the shores of Lake Taupo being featured, however briefly.
Campi Flegri the only one right now that needs attention, Yellowstone is constantly relieving pressure so it ain't a threat
That and I believe Yellowstone is classified as a mud volcano.
Yellowstone actually has enough melt in its magma chamber to potentially trigger a phreatic eruption, which would not relieve any pressure and presents a danger that is nigh impossible to predict with enough accuracy to justify closing the park, unless it's for the long term (the bears would not like that; the sows got lonely and nervous during the pandemic because there were no tourists to use as meat shields between their cubs and boars). However, the melt percentage just barely scrapes the bottom of the threshold for a potential phreatic eruption, so the odds of it happening anytime soon are still less than one in a million. Thus it is generally safe to keep Yellowstone open.
@stevew6138 Yellowstone is very much a supervolcano, with three calderas overlapping one another just in the park. It's had two VEI 8 eruptions and one VEI 7 eruption in the time since the hotspot settled in its current location.
Though campi definitely needs to be monitored. It shouldn't be in the conversation with super volcanoes. As much as people like to call it one, it has never produced an eruption even remotely close to the threshold of a vei 8.
Campi flegrei is one of the most dangerous right now, however I think santorini is the more immediate one to worry about even though its just a normal volcano. The damage that santorini will cause will severely weaken the EU and the economy of several countries will be affected. The tidal wave would hit Greece extremely hard, but it would also hit Egypt, Tunisia, Turkey, Israel, Gaza and potentially Italy. Economically the whole of the western world would be hit and nations that are unaffected might take advantage in the chaos it causes
"What? Me worry?" When I was very young my dear mama taught me to not worry about things I could not control and as an octogenarian I still live by that method of thinking and I live just south of Yellowstone! LOL
I was pleased to see that you said Taupo the way the the locals do.
Depends who says it. Pakeha or Māori
@yepok5120why? Correct pronunciation isn't tied to ethnicity.
Not English speaking New Zealanders. Nor for that matter all tribes.
In my experience, most people from Taupō call it "towel-poe"
@PiggoNZ the correct pronunciation is becoming more and more common though - Tauranga has already mostly gone through this shift and I rarely hear the old pakeha version anymore
Taupo eruption was recorded, in China, which allows the probable date and time of the eruption to be estimated. History is not just a western invention.
History wasn't "invented" by anyone. How can a function of time be invented??
Regular volcanoes are more immediate threats, so we should worry more about them than the supervolcanoes that go off every other eon. Though if I had to worry about one, it'd be Taupo. Other supervolcanoes make bigger booms, but Taupo and the other calderas in its volcanic zone are surprisingly productive and frequent in their eruptive history. The other reason is... I live near it.
Even with a years notice, it would be a logistical nightmare to evacuate the entire north island and probably the south to a safe distance. How does one go about moving 5 million people at least 2000km across an ocean.
@loonyt22 we would have to use airplanes and boats.
@loonyt22 Taupo is exceedingly unlikely to produce an Oroanui sized event in the near future. Last time around (about 1800 years ago) it was "only" ~43km^3 of Rock and about the same of water - much the same as it's produced every 1500-2500 years since that big one
(That said, even that "small" size would blow out windows 200km away)
What people SHOULD be worried about is Rotorua. That's freakishly unstable and the magma chamber is so shallow that warnings may be a matter of hours even with the very close monitoring that's constantly happening. You know a location is dangerous when Hydrogen Sulphide kills people relatively regularly
As a New Zealander just wanted to say that was very informative. I didn't know bloody Taupo had erupted 3 times! I thought it was just the one.
Interesting that the 3 Taupo eruptions are no way evenly spaced apart. You just don't know when its going to blow.
8 years ago, I looked into the number of volcanos erupting around the world. The average at the time was 26. A few days ago I listened to a to a paleoclimatologist, and he noted the number now was 51. An eruption of VEI 7 is not out of the picture if you look at the odds. That would be a bad day.
Ive been wondering about this for years, thank you for sharing.
The figure you found 8 years ago was wrong. There are about 40-50 volcanic eruptions going on (above the ocean surface - we can't properly detect most underwater eruptions) at any given time, and it has always been like this. We just didn't notice many of them in the past because no one was looking.
As for a VEI7+ eruption, the bigger the eruption, the earlier the warning signs start. Despite what many people think, we can predict major volcanic eruptions quite well (ironically it's the smaller ones that are the most dangerous, because they DON'T always show a lot of signs, and there might not be an exclusion zone in place if there's no signs). A VEI4 eruption tends to show signs at least a week, possibly a month or longer in advance. A VEI5 eruption usually builds up across a month or more, a VEI6 is preceded by months of escalating activity, and a VEI7? It'll probably start with unrest more than a year before the climactic phase. Tambora, for example, woke up in 1812, three whole years before it's cataclysmic eruption. And back in 1991, Pinatubo's VEI6 eruption built up in such a way that volcanologists realized something was going on, and in fact something BIG was going on, and they correctly evacuated everyone up to FORTY KILOMETERS away from the volcano, after which it devastated a gigantic swath of land... but all within that evacuation zone. Five hundred thousand people, by modern census, live within 40 kilometers of the volcano, but less than a thousand were killed in the eruption.
0:15 YOU NEVER SAW VOLCANO 1997
Geologically a horrid movie
The granny pushing the boat across the acid lake traumatized me as a child
I love how you didnt even attempt to say the Icelandic volcanos name.
In the last 5 years of my life I have witnessed the strongest Earthquake ever recorded in our area, the worst flood in record, the hottest summer ever, the worst winter storm in a century, the strongest Typhoon on record, Aurora Borealis near the ecuator, and not to mention the pandemic. Why not add a supervolcano to my list of once-in-a-lifetime events.
You should put that at the end of the list. It might be diffficult, experiencing anything afterwards.
Maybe consider moving?
@heronimousbrapson863 Move where? Everywhere is setting extreme weather and disaster records and we all participated in the pandemic.
I literally live right on the side of an extinct (dormant?) volcano, near its top, in New Zealand! My profile picture is taken from the actual highest point of the volcano I'm living on. It last erupted about 7 million years ago, so, hopefully, it won't happen again anytime soon!
You nailed the pronunciation of Taupo. Awesome!
So good, so high quality. I even shared the link to the channel on my socials to spread the world. This is the first day that anything from this channel has been recommended to me, and I am avid consumer of Astrum and related content from other channels. Just a data point for you. Great quality and something everybody of all levels of knowledge can enjoy. Congrats. ;)
The Taupo caldera is a restless one indeed. I grew up there. From time to time earthquake swarms occur and can last more than a month like the one that happened in the mid 1960s. We were shaken daily in school and awakened nearly every night.
Fun fact: Having observed quite a number of pyroclastic flows on video I came to realize that when the ejected rock with its dissolved gases is vented, the exploding rock transforming into thousands of smaller bombs and particles greatly multiplies its surface area and effectively releases a huge amount of stored heat energy all at once which gives the cloud great buoyancy.
As to the final comment in this video, I'd like to see one of these events regardless of the outcome. We all have to go sometime.
It’s an unpredictable one because it has so many vents that can do it’s own separate eruptions and the overall biggest start out at 2 minor and then at least 5 vents continuous of their own sized varying eruptions to make the overall amount
There is a layer from pyroclastic flow from taupo that you can see on a beach in Auckland, anything witnessing that would be toast
@gcallananpainting I know. Actually I have a few bags of charcoal for my barbecue dug out of that pumice. Best in the world. Toasted at around 600C.
Excellent episode... coming from a New Zealander. 😬
Astrum Earth is the reason why I love RUclips so much, you guys are fantastic! Loved the AMOC video, am loving this one as much!
Thanks so much, we're really glad you're enjoying the new channel!
Definitely the elite of RUclips. Great educational content. AI can't touch it!
Holy glaze
we shouldnt be worried about the supervolcanoes alone we should be worried if a new one forms, any volcano along that zone with the right conditions can massively erupt eg. tambora
Not a great day at work today, but at least there's a new Astrum video.
I remember feeling 2 shockwaves from the volcano that blew in Tonga all the way in central north island New Zealand, that was insane.
Well done on the narrative for the sponsor - it was funny
I live right next to lake Taupō and you would think an eruption would be a terrifying thought that consistently burns at the back of your brain. I find a sort of peace in knowing that it it were to explode, the humans nearby wouldnt suffer and it would be over in an instant. We cant really do much to stop something of that scale, its crazy.
1:41 I was having breakfast on my deck in northern Thailand when I heard what sounded like distant thunder when Hunga Tonga went off. I felt the M7.7 in Myanmar
interesting. In northern New Zealand it sounded like two separate booms a second or two apart
a lava rock quit its job at the volcano this week, it said they were taking it for granite
4:20 i think you meant to say cubic kilometres
in Iceland the last few eruptions have shown that earthquakes wont be a good notice of eruptions. as the time from quake to eruption was only minutes.
"Once we thought ourselves mighty and clever at our subjugation of the world. We went into space, to the moon and thought we understood the working of the universe. Yes, I see that smile. You know the price we paid for our folly. There was no stopping it when the ground started to rip open. All we could do was run and pray."
Noone went to the moon and only narcissistic and ignorant children have ever believed that they have subjugated the natural world.
Hi dude….. excellent video….. I’m a kiwi…. But living in Queenzland Australia… Mt Ruaphua is an active volcano in NZ …. But it’s also a major ski resort!!!! Lake Taupo is a super volcano…… but it’s also a trout fishing paradise….. White Island is another active volcano…. Which I’ve walked on…..
But the interesting thing about the Tongan volcano eruption is that it put 58,000 Olympic size swimming pools of water into the atmosphere!!!!
And that amount of water will affect the world for the next decade!!!
It also pushed the SAM….weather event closer to Antarctic!!!
Hence countries around the South Pacific are experiencing a lot of rain and strong southerly winds!!!!
And the incompetent weather forecasters are making no allowance for this volcanic change in the weather!!!!
I left NZ because of the weather and the bloody earthquake!!! 33,000 earthquakes a year on average!!!
Regards Ian 👨🎤🇳🇿🍸🍸
Kia ora From Turangi New Zealand. On the south end of Taupo. Thanks for another great video. Big ups to you bro you pronounced Taupo right! Ill keep you on brother haha keep up the good work. Ma te wa ehoa. ( Ill see you next time my friend, in Te reo Maori)
Volume is CUBIC Km, not square.
(Graphic at 2:00)
I think it's quite interesting that lemonade is a carbonated beverage pretty much everywhere around the world except the US. Fantastic either way, just interesting
1:28 years later, and that satellite timelapse is still heartstoppingly beautiful and terrifying. That, is just THE AIR BLASTS. My gods.
Lovely documentary...Greetings from St. Kitts & Nevis in the Caribbean, just above the island of Montserrat....many memories of Ash covering us up while growing up from that island's Volcano.
Ohio, western PA and NY, the province of Toronto and Michigan are probably the best areas of the world to see little seismic activity and the most minimal, if that can be said, effects of volcanism, and are likely to remain stable in climate for a longer time.
Stable continental plates, large volume of fresh water to mitigate extremes of cold and heat, good soil for food production, and a current quality transportation network.
First day i moved to Auckland, NZ i went to the Auckland Museum. There they have a volcano room that explained Auckland sits on a volcanic field of at least 50 erupted monogenetic volcanoes, and new ones can occour at any time....the key difference is now most areas where it will erupt is inhabited by large populations. Great introduction to my new home
Also, Rangitoto is the last time an eruption in Auckland happened at 600 years old, though there have been rumblings around the city.
@shauntempley9757 and man witnessed Rangitoto's birth, hence the name.
Excellent and honest interpretation of how little we still know. I heard the Tongan volcano from Chch NZ. After visiting Santorini a few years back, I underestimated it's ongoing risk as underlined by the earthquake swarm a couple of months ago. That would have been scary given the age of those beautiful whitewashed buildings on the edge of the Caldera.
So good. Astrum makes some of the best, most well rounded documentaries around. Well produced. Thank You!
About Tonga, there are some papers, which shows a split VEI6, and teohrz volume en par to Pinatubo
great content James keep up the excellent work 🥰
I still remember the Winter of 91/92. We had the coldest weather i could remember and blizzards where you can´t even see 3 feet in front of you. Always suspected it had something to do with Pinatubo.
Banks Peninsula, where I grew up, is one badass extinct volcano
3 badass volcanoes
@juanita935 I grew up Charteris Bay, wifes family Akaroa. Where was the other one
@juanita935 Herbert and Bradley?
@stewartlee8858 Yes, Mt Herbert group. Although I thought the third one was earlier, which can't be right.
@juanita935 That was my back yard, looked at it out the kitchen window, Orton Bradley park was playground and the Pack Horse hut was home away from home.
Have a great weekend
I have never seen a sulfur dioxide formula that puts the O before the S
It should be noted that the deadliest of volcanic eruptions were not explosive at all, but effusive; they were flood basalts like the Deccan Traps and the Siberian Traps, and even the Yellowstone hotspot was the source of a sizable flood basalt known as the Columbia River Flood Basalts. It was an eruption far greater than any super eruption, having erupted 170,000+ cubic kilometers of liquid lava. The Siberian Traps spread liquid lava over a million square miles and is linked to the extinction event that ushered in the dinosaurs. And the Deccan Traps contributed to the extinction that ended the dinosaurs, along with Chicxulub which was the final nail in the coffin.
Hunga Tonga is estimated to have been an eruption between 6-14 cubic kilometers in size, pending further investigation of the seafloor caldera. Most estimates these days put it at 10 km3, which is a low-end 6, and 10 times the size of Mt. St. Helens. It's also noteworthy that these new estimates place it at likely being larger than Pinatubo and thus the largest eruption of the last 100 years going back to the Novarupta/Katmai eruption in Alaska in the early 1900s.
Odd how you didn't mention the affect on parts of Canada, people in the US seem to think everything stops at their border.
Tonga inspired me to start writing a story ...
The ancient one tore loose her chains near the Kingdom of Tonga. Propelled to freedom at speed of sound Kraken's rage echoed off continents seeking its headwaters. From the flashing arcade of Tokyo night her captor pinged
I'm coming my Love
Violent waves rushed Onjuku
I live near Taupo and when you look at the cliffs it is just ash from Taupo and it is 100 meters plus deep
What a great video again 👏🤩
There is a supervolcano in Japan, mt aso which erupted so massive there’s a huge crater wrapping around the current sized mt aso. It erupted 90,000 years ago so that size eruptions are in a silent state for it. The smaller average size volcano in the center is currently active and commonly erupts.
9:00, you missed the one in Italy...
Yup. A rather fiery one. He put it in at 20:00
I was just about to comment that haha
Campi Flegri, Italy, The Phligrean Fields, or "Burning Fields"
I'd saynl it is the one worth watching at the moment as it hS been showing increasing activity for almost 25 years and even the volcanologists studying it are a little concerned by it...
@ScottyOfJohn56 Definitely. I would bet it is next of the 7 and above to go off, even if it is not in our lifetime.
(I am not hoping for this, as when it goes it will be the most devastating geologic occurrence in modern history, but current activity and statistics are not looking good).
@RowanDRain I've been following it through Silki's channel she seems to be about the only channel giving I depth coverage of what's going on there..
Yeh I get the feeling Italy's government etc arnt moving fast enough to highlight the danger, as this video mentions noone in living memory knows what a VEi 8 would behave like before or during, and taking Tonga as an example it produced one of the largest eruptions in modern history literally out of nowhere...yes there was a smaller eruptions but noone was expecting what occurred there at all...I always look at history, the earth is capable of truely apocalyptic eruptions, yellowstone etc would pale in comparison to something on the scale of the Decan Traps or Siberian Traps that erupted not just for days or a week or 2...but DECADES... Im not trying to be a doom monger but fact is these kinds of events can and do happen and they will happen again...
I remember when the BBC docudrama "Supervolcano" was aired when I was a kid (almost 30 years ago...) which gave a scientifically backed example of what an eruption on the scale of the 1st eruption at Yellowstone, Huckleberry Ridge, how the head of Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, Richard Lieberman I think he was called in the show, said that he'd give a reporter odds of 600,000 to 1 that yellowstone would erupt on a large scale...yes the acting wasn't great but it was a genuinely mind blowing show, if taken for the facts it contained...that was 1 supervolcano those odds were based on...and we know now as this video tells us they're are atleast 20 of them world wide known today, which massively dilutes those odds, and there's always the threat of a deep underwater one that may or may not be bigger than yellowstone, not have erupted for millions of years...Still hidden in the depth of the ocean, coz remember only about 5% of the seafloor has been accurately mapped and explored...
Governments around the globe should have disaster relief plans in place for these events, be inventing ways to grow food on a massive scale without the sun, I.e hydroponics etc, vehicles capable of traversing a landscape devastated by such an eruption to evacuate as many as possible as soon as possible after such an event instead of wasting money on weapons of war...coz let's face it the population is expolding, in another 5-10 years well have 9 Billion souls on this earth, and an eruption on a scale of which we know yellowstone or Campi Flegri is capable of could happen tomorrow...or in the next 100 years but it never fail's to be properly prepared and have the populace properly prepared for such an event...basic survival skills should be part of every school syllabus, water purification, food management etc...
We may consider the Earth as ours, and put up with the pollution and ill treatment we've given it over the years, chemical sprays, nukes...etc etc but we must never forget, all Mother Nature has to do is hiccup, and we're all screwed....
Sorry for the long comment, it just winds me up how ignorant the top 1% can be... 🤣
@RowanDRain
@RowanDRain I've been following it through Silki's channel she seems to be about the only channel giving I depth coverage of what's going on there.. Yeh I get the feeling Italy's government etc arnt moving fast enough to highlight the danger, as this video mentions noone in living memory knows what a VEi 8 would behave like before or during, and taking Tonga as an example it produced one of the largest eruptions in modern history literally out of nowhere...yes there was a smaller eruptions but noone was expecting what occurred there at all...I always look at history, the earth is capable of truely apocalyptic eruptions, yellowstone etc would pale in comparison to something on the scale of the Decan Traps or Siberian Traps that erupted not just for days or a week or 2...but DECADES... Im not trying to be a doom monger but fact is these kinds of events can and do happen and they will happen again... I remember when the BBC docudrama "Supervolcano" was aired when I was a kid (almost 30 years ago...) which gave a scientifically backed example of what an eruption on the scale of the 1st eruption at Yellowstone, Huckleberry Ridge, how the head of Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, Richard Lieberman I think he was called in the show, said that he'd give a reporter odds of 600,000 to 1 that yellowstone would erupt on a large scale...yes the acting wasn't great but it was a genuinely mind blowing show, if taken for the facts it contained...that was 1 supervolcano those odds were based on...and we know now as this video tells us they're are atleast 20 of them world wide known today, which massively dilutes those odds, and there's always the threat of a deep underwater one that may or may not be bigger than yellowstone, not have erupted for millions of years...Still hidden in the depth of the ocean, coz remember only about 5% of the seafloor has been accurately mapped and explored... Governments around the globe should have disaster relief plans in place for these events, be inventing ways to grow food on a massive scale without the sun, I.e hydroponics etc, vehicles capable of traversing a landscape devastated by such an eruption to evacuate as many as possible as soon as possible after such an event instead of wasting money on weapons of war...coz let's face it the population is expolding, in another 5-10 years well have 9 Billion souls on this earth, and an eruption on a scale of which we know yellowstone or Campi Flegri is capable of could happen tomorrow...or in the next 100 years but it never fail's to be properly prepared and have the populace properly prepared for such an event...basic survival skills should be part of every school syllabus, water purification, food management etc... We may consider the Earth as ours, and put up with the pollution and ill treatment we've given it over the years, chemical sprays, nukes...etc etc but we must never forget, all Mother Nature has to do is hiccup, and we're all in the brpwn stuff... Sorry for the long comment, it just winds me up how ignorant the top 1% can be... 🤣
As a kiwi of 20 years, you are the first foriegner I've ever seen say Taupo correctly.
I’d like to contest “climate” at 5:37. It had significant influence on global weather disruptions. Not a noticeable climate shift among regular noise according to the best analysis of ice core samples.
True enough: "climate" is generally used for much longer (thousands of years) periods. Although the current rate of human caused change while much faster, might count due to the global impact and the likelihood it *will* persist for at least a hundred years.
I think Mt Etna will be a bit higher on the scale now lol
Whatever we do to the planet is minimal compared to what it can do to us. The planet will always recover, we are the fragile ones.
Yes so true and all the save the planet people got the marketing wrong, we have to save ourselves! The planet will be fine as George Carlin so eloquently describes😂
I was always told there is no point worrying about something you can do nothing about.
As a long-time volcano, I appreciate your insightful and knowledgeable approach.
Wow, you're a Volcano!? How does it feel to erupt? I'm sure scientists would be thrilled to know too.
Atitlan is massive, and now a huge lake.
I bought my first house in the southern puget sound area. I handed my realtor a map I made showing the areas of lahar zones as a "no", rings for a VEI 3-6 for Rainier, and 90 ft above sea level for Tsunamis. He said he had never seen someone ever do that, I told him I was a geographer, he thought it was funny. I got a house that fit those categories. Figured if we hit a VEI of 7 we were all done for anyway. Every river in this area only has 1-3 road crossings, segmenting tens or hundreds of thousands of people in sections that will be isolated. Heck, even a VEI of 5 will cause massive resource issues and evacuations... pfft.. not over the one lane bridge that might be left.
I'm with you paying attention to what your home is built upon and the geology around it.
I'm a Botanist with a chunk of Landforms Geology classes. And I too live at the southern end of the Puget Sound in Washington State.
I do the same thing with choosing where to live, except I also rule out floodplains, high wildfire risk, and landslides.
I remember getting lightly dusted with St. Helens' ash, and was 12 miles from the epicenter of the Nisqually earthquake (mag. 6.9 if I remember correctly).
With the slight chance of a big subduction quake here of mag. 7 to 9(?), I fasten the top of bookcases to the wall, and don't put heavy or breakable items on high shelves.
Even without those risks, we still have the, all too common, chances of a car crash or falling down stairs.
Might seem a bit of overkill, but fits well with my plan of living forever. (I'm only 71 so far...).
I am 74 and that's also my ambition,I am inviting you to my 150th birthday party
Interesting, though I think the last Taupo eruption of VEI 8 was about 2000 years ago. That wasn't the one that caused most of the caldera though. Also, no question was begged (check the meaning of that phrase).
The Magma Chambers under the Campi Flegrei system were recently mapped in 4d by underwater equipment the first full chamber was 3km down, a second existed at 8km, and a huge vacuous chamber with pipes leading off went down 20km and contained chrystalized magma. A monster please don't write it off. Some are even contemplating a connection to Vesuvius.
@HeatherMyfanwyTylerGreey I remember some 10 years ago, hearing there could also be a connection to the Eifel system. :)
All of its chambers combined don't equal to even the smallest of yellowstones chambers. It's largest eruption was 9 times smaller than the most minimum volume needed to be classified as a super volcano. Instead of people needing to stop looking down on campi, people need to stop over inflating what it actually is. It's truly awesome enough without people fluffing it up into something it isn't.
@kennethd7011 Agreed but the fact that so many people live in/around the caldera is a serious problem even if there's only a relatively minor eruption.
@alanbrown397The fact they thought at one point that they can evacuate thousands of people in 72 hours warning/notice is worrying, only to come out 2 months ago, admit they can't, then increase the amount of alert levels. we've been watching campi for ages now, the solfatara base is fragile, and scientists have been begging the authorities to evacuate the red zone for years, its going unheard and ignored. people are rightfully scared and demanding answers.
Could you share the link to this journal? I'd very much like to see it.
I live 3 hours drive from Lake Taupo here in New Zealand. Volcanic eruptions around me have been insightful and entertaining.