@@whoareyouyouareclearlylost323 now a billion people living inside the event horizon in a black hole happen bc you think there isn't something that didn't happen.... sooo the Greek gods exists in some universe? Magic too? Good lord, what someone has to read in internet, people taking infinite to the extreme and beyond
one of the most interesting interstellar spaceship designs in scifi surprisingly comes from james camerons avatar, with light sails, debris sheilds and massive thermal radiators for the antimatter engines used for deceleration after the 7 year trip to alpha centuri, the ISV venture star may just be one of the best thought out interstellar ships in popular science fiction
@sulljoh1 that scene made no sense it was just there to have a generic "humans destroy nature" scene as the engines torch the forest. However, as a fan of the humans in that series, I was cheering at how cool that scene was, even if physics left the chat!
To hibernate people you may: 1. Induce sleep with medication 2. Slow metabolism with meditation 3. Soak cells with sugar and slowly freeze. That way crystals don't form. Frogs survive the process on their own and revive that way in the spring without any external help.
Was it my imagination or did hear WH40k planet names. Also I can’t be the only person waiting on Issac to write scientifically accurate sci-fi novel. All he needs is a plot he has all the technical data needed for a great novel setting.
Colonization may take much longer this way but requires much less engineering and energy to achieve (no new science or engineering is needed). A fleet of generation ships with fusion or antimatter or infinite improbability drives would be far less efficient and arguably just as time consuming as just waiting for the star to come to us.
Happy new year Isaac, probably one the best knowledge bases for me online. You always bring up stuff I either forgot or never thought about Very conscientious
Fast means big... This reminds me of something I heard recently: The Enzmann Starship has been proposed at times of Apollo program. It was intended as the realistically first real interstellar starship, basically Super Orion on steroids: A big frozen ball of Deuterium in front, set of nuclear blast engines behind, each throwing 1.5 kt fusion bomb behind. 24-engine ship was supposed to be way faster than 8-engine one with lot of redundancies and ships were intended to travel as part of a fleet.
Was once an optimist about these kind of thing. Now seeing so much chaos and divides all over civilization that it appears we will not be able to get together enough to accomplish this kind of endeavor.
This may come off as insulting but I mean it 100% as a compliment-your videos are literally how I fall asleep. I find the topics so fascinating and I have no idea how you pump out so many insanely high quality videos by the way but your voice is so relaxing and slow enough that I put your videos on whenever i need to sleep and I’m out in literally three minutes you’re literally magic I thank your for your service you make my life better 😂
Your videos addressing the issues of tomorrow and overmorrow* continue to delight me. *I recently learned that there is an actual word for "the day after tomorrow", and I intend to revive its use.
@@gijskramer1702 Swedish too. Övermorgon. It would appear English is losing some important words. Feel free to take them back. Or borrow someone else's. Good words are meant to be used. On that note, Isaac's intro could as well say "get a fika", at least if you were watching with friends. Google it, it's a fantastic word, and one I absolutely implore everyone to steal it from us.
My friends are discussing whether or not fusion will happen and I'm just over here waiting for my plot of land on a blackhole powered O'Neil cylinders.
Magnificent video, I hope one day someone creates a Sci-Fi fantasy story in which mythical species/legendary creatures colonise the solar system and other planetary systems in an interstellar colonisation campaign (rather than by humans) perhaps, if not certainly with Speculative Evolution (aka Speculative biology) being employed or used in this story.
@@commanderbracey7501 Exactly. And if the hope of the colonist is to find that perfect planet that can be quickly terraformed or even inhabited without assistance, they already failed. They should be ready and capable to colonize any and every type of system and planet type.
@@londonspade5896 Yep. And since that system probably has asteroids, comets, moons, dwarf planets, and an Oort cloud, there should be enough resources to keep everyone alive for a while and make that place home or at the very least, gather resources to build up and move on. I think the only systems you'd want to avoid are neutron star systems and their variants. Especially magnatars.
Ultimately the most feasible strategies for interstellar colonisation are A) the gradualist approach: Colonise the Oort Cloud first, then just keep going until you've colonised the next star's Oort Cloud. Obviously this doesn't benefit people living in the inner system much, but interstellar colonisation is so slow it's not so much _colonisation_ as a migration, and was never going help the inner-systemers anyway; and B) the wholesale strategy: embrace the migration and move one's entire civilisation to another star, either by abandoning one's star all at once, or by just moving the star itself closer using Nicoll-Dyson Beam (this also works for gas giant planets for a much faster solution on a smaller scale). I'm generally of the opinion that interstellar colonisation is a purely far-distant future thing. There's just no reason to go somewhere literally hundreds of thousands of times further than even the most distant reaches of the Solar System when the Solar System itself is so vast and readily colonisable unless every last asteroid and comet out to several light years have already been colonised.
13:00 This is so freaking accurate, the differences in agile teams per environment, per project, per resources, per personality of team leaders and relationship style of team members could influence/breed the most exotic type of cultures! That's not even mentioning the differences in companies and industries! ..my head hurts
Thanks for another thought-provoking video. Thinking of colonization, the 1st craft could be a robotic probe. The robotic craft could be sent at a high speed as it could take higher acceleration and deceleration maybe even using aerobraking, gravity braking or other methods. The robotic probe would be smaller and possibly cheaper than a massive colony craft. Once the robotic craft arrived it/they would arrive and then construct the electromagnetic or laser accelerator/decelerate. The human colonization craft would then be sent a high speed.
Maybe in earlier episodes i noticed a slight speech impediment but to be honest last few years you speak better than most people i know. I look forward to another 9 years from you mate.
Another great one. You make 35 minutes feel like 15. I don't know what dark arts you practice to do so, but I'm glad you're using them for good, not evil.
I enjoyed the back/flavour story from the Macross series. After the war, colonization was both seen as a way to preserve the species, but also lower the strain on the very damaged Earth. A mass exodus happens, with huge numbers of people reaching out for new homes. The mass exodus part in particular I could easily see happening in “real life” as well. I wouldn’t be surprised if there was something like a 20% drop in world population very quickly if there was the chance to set out on a large scale. The Macross colony ships themselves are vast in scale, with “smaller” trailer ships in tow with specific purposes, like long haul trucks on the highway. There’s also a swarm of smaller ships in formation for factory work, defence, resource gathering, scouting, etc. These grand fleets are independent and self sustaining, are sent out from points of previous colonization, in all directions, but also keep a relative parallel course in groups to transport people, technology, and information back and forth. The map of travel kind of looks like a humongous spider plant. They do have FTL jump drive technology in this series, as well as many other sci-fi perks like artificial gravity, so it’s not exactly grounded in realism. The Macross Frontier herself would be a utopia living aboard her by the look of it.
You can go faster by brute forcing the fuel. It might take 10,000 times the fuel to go twice as fast but 10,000 times the resources might become available.
@😈ORGODIAN RULER😈 Not exactly. For the same propulsion tech (same exhaust velocity), the ratio of the masses start / finish is squared, so the finish speed is twice as high. Rocket equation.
Intergalactic space isn't empty, it has stars all the way there, they are just further and further apart, reaching densities low enough that they are perhaps 10,000 ly between stars, but they are there.
Yes he does. Teleportation episode. and also Clarktech episode. maybe others. ruclips.net/video/rtljRNDuQvY/видео.html ruclips.net/video/EXL2Hd_dOzw/видео.html
@@djschultz1970 thank you for the reply. The video you linked does not really talk about reusing the water and reusable food options. Also how the human waste will be dealt with and other day to stuff to deal with humans..
When colonizing another planet, the best way is to adapt ourselves versus teraforming the planet. Combining our DNA with the terrestrial indigenous beings. It might be a multi generational adaption to get the best fit to our new environment. It is possible we might not fully reconize our ancestors as our own kind in the end result. Unlike a Battlestar Galactica type scenario where everyone looks and is exactly the same phylim and species.
I always imagined we Humans living in Earth orbitals, moons bases in my time, yet they just stopped. We, All Human societies, are gearing up again to leap into space. I do expect to see an order of magnitude leap in technology, space mining, and orbital/moon construction. But that all takes a great deal of time, but I believe we can do it safely and be spread out quite a bit in ou own solar system by 2300. Excelsior!
Issac, I think it's just about that time to do an updated fusion episode, They were successful of generating a 50% net positive of energy using lasers and sometype of hydrogen pellet, I've been wondering what net positive they really pulled off when you consider the power to create the hydrogen pellet, They are going to make another prototype just on a much larger scale, Hopefully this is the jump we really need to make a workable fusion power plant to generate power to the grid, I can only imagine they will only get a larger net positive of electricity over some more time but it makes me excited that fusion energy for a lot of stuff is not to far off,
The fuel pellet put out 50% more energy than the laser light had that hit the pellet. The lasers and their cooling systems used about 100x more energy than their laser light output, and converting the fusion energy output into usable electricity is not gonna be anywhere near 100% efficient. It really wasn't the great leap forward that it's been hyped up to be.
I love your "peculiar speech impediment and accent", it's relaxing as shit and very easy to understand. My favourite concept of interstellar colonization solves the confusion of the War of the Worlds aliens being so dumb. If it turns out we're incredibly late to the game of life, and a species has already has basically infinite energy and has noticed the lack of similar level civilisations, then they may decide to send fleets to EVERY possible habitable planet in an entire galaxy, or as far as they can reach, perhaps from another galaxy. If the chances of military loss or biological destruction like as seen in the movie are low, and the costs are relatively minimal, then swarming out with a full invasion force to every habitable system is the best possible strategy. If you lose 1 out of 10 planets, you still have 9 out of 10 planets -- and when those who won against you are ready to expand, you're going to have them surrounded, out resourced, and have had time to solve the weaknesses that caused their loss. The far far future, your species controls the entire galaxy with no competition. It's capitalism, and invasions of worlds like Earth are acceptable losses. This species plans millions of years into the future, so to bury machines centuries/millennia ahead of the invasion would be inconsequential. To lose a fight for the fate of a world with no retreat under strict quarantine would only mean some time having fun crushing ants for your soldiers. They may not have even been at full strength, if you can cross a galaxy you can afford to send a fleet with substandard weapons if they're still good enough to take the planet most of the time. It'd be very easy to kill off a planet from orbit for them, and if the fleet failed, no loss, microwave the planet enough for all mammalian heads to explode and come back when things cool off. A slightly more terrifying explanation is if all that's true, a billion alien ships crossing from Andromeda to take a thousand worlds over a million years - but their risks of loss are much, much higher, yet they still think it's worth it. It's worth it, because they're desperate. Because they're not conquerors. They're running. Running from an interstellar war they're losing. They're a military force, regrouping, with the knowledge they'll need to control every world they can to survive what's coming.
Interesting thing is that I literally understand everything even though I'm not from English speaking region but I tested and asked my friend today if he understand you and he said that he doesn't but he clearly needs from person to speak slowly and clearly to understand (his words) but he didn't understand anything but I understand you since my first listen long time ago and I enjoy in every single episode, just turn on and lie down in my bed before sleep!
If we are talking about the interstellar colonization policy for the humankind, first, find the other star system with the good planets by putting the space telescope. Second, put the drones in the surface of the planets and their moons. Mostly likely, we will use the generation spaceship if we are not achieving the fastest than lights engines. Plus, genetic engineering is one of the policy for interstellar colonization.
Add a bootstrap Law concerning previously sent out slower than light ships, to outfit them with recent updates of drive technology. Pioneering spirits should never be wasted or changed psychologically to suit your needs.
Another great video by issac arthur and love listening to a video dealing with the bright future of humanity. Issac needs to collaborate with scyfy series.
The largest moving "vehicles" so far built by humans are our huge, nuclear powered Aircraft Carriers. And these max out at about 1,000 feet in lengh. (Or less!) So it would seem to me that space vehicles of 1,000 or 1,500 feet in length just might soon be within our engineering capabilities. But, as to speed? Today we might have technology (with foreseeable improvements) to accelerate to from 0.1% or possibly 1% of light speed. Maybe. Thus to reach even "The" nearest star could take 4,300 years or 430 years. So, I'm not yet eager to buy my ticket and take my chances!
We are even intergalactic travelers already. Only another billion years until we get to Andromeda. Good intergalactic real-estate I hear. With A LOT of drinks and snacks we will easily make the trip.
Xenoblade Chronicles X does something similar to the cloning and consciousness transfer via mimeosomes, in which they project the consciousness of their colonists into androids constructed in the likeness of said colonists.
As you talk about the immortal ship population issues, i was thinking the likely solution to that (which would make a great show) would be for people to take a sterilization drug, and if they choose to not take it and have children, they would be choosing to cease the immortality treatment and would love out their days with their children, then die. I'm envisioning an accidental class system evolving as a theme in the show.. the og immortal crew, and the population who's ancestors refused to take the sterilization so created a breeding population bloom which was no longer given the option of immortality, and strained all the resources to the breaking point.
You send your laser stations first. Use one laser station to push the next laser station to its destination so it can decelerate incomming shipz from midway.
It would have happened by now but some people were so worried that third world countries beating poverty will compete with them so they sabotaged the needed technology! Fission and fusion research. They did not stop there , they lied that earths resources are finite and fought industrialization using clever lies like climate emergency and depopulate people and create poverty To put it simply, you can leave earth tomorrow but some people are so small minded and then evil the don't want a single living creature outside their control, Now that china is grown they realize that they will lose the next war if they withhold research so they are doing now what they sabotaged long ago but still their other lies remain standing Together the two superpowers USA and ussr sat down and agreed that no other people should become powerful enough to challenge them, so they sabotaged their own space programs and glorious futures by slandering nuclear technology, as if risk of fire is legitimate enough as an excuse to eat raw meat!! The USA and ussr could have colonised the solar system if they had so wished but doing so risked allowing other countries to see the glories of nuclear power which they didn't want to share and some countries like china , UK and france ignored them amd went ahead but alas they also didn't want others to join the club and focused only on military uses! A major part of seeing people on other planets or even going there yourself is to see through the lies and fight them when given opportunity, like the people who forced usa to allow civilians to develop rockets leading to creation of spaceX
By the time the solar system is populated enough (0.1% dysoned) that colonists are heading out it will be trivial to make a light highway to push them (its all done with mirrors)
A Ai would be very useful. It could have access to all Data on earth prior to launch and you could have a natural conversion with them instead of typing commands
Planets are probably not the best sources of resources/raw materials. Planets are expansive traps. Better mine asteroids for metals and comets for volatiles, then create space habitats. If developed enough, then you might disassemble planets over the millennia. Can't go faster for heat loss reasons. Then do starlifting.
If those thousand gardener ships split up every time they stop over and seed a system then they're a million after ten such passes and a billion after after twenty, having seeded about two billion systems
Imagine a combination seed & gardener ship where the crew are all uploads or folks in cryo, or both. They spend their time in VR perhaps running a little slow to pass the time relatively quick, popping out from time to time for maintenance tasks, or whatever. When they get where they're going people wake up and start building, offloading, etc. When it comes time to repopulate the ship, people have their kids virtually and let them grow up in a frame jacked VR world if needed, only to get downloaded into a combination synthetic and biological body as required to continue along with the ship, or get ready for the next colony site. Would likely speed up their repopulation efforts!
Some things that should be taken into account are the body's limit to acceleration, based on this I could imagine that a ship would be accelerating at a rate that is equivalent to the speed of gravity up until the ship is unable to continue that acceleration, the passengers of the shop would then be placed in cryo pods till the point of deceleration, this would happen in which the ship would do a 180 degree turn, so that the floor of the ship would always be the same direction, and to decrease the complexity of design. While this is all happening, a separate cargo ship is heading to the planet at a higher acceleration then is possible to handle by humans to set up the infrastructure needed for human civilization.
Another thing I would consider is the aspect that during acceleration, the passengers would be in a separate ship that is smaller, as mass makes a huge difference in acceleration, this would be set on a course to align with a larger ship that is following along a set route. Once the ship is docked, passengers would go into the larger ship for hibernation up until the point of deceleration when they would go to the smaller ship to colonize
What about common necessities, assume on Nuclear Disaster You would have something as this: sleeping bag, vessel, gas dispenser, lighter, mobile phones, WiFi connection, external batteries, hygiene products, towel paper, respirator, garbage bags, first aid kit, flask, water, canned foods, personal documents, cash, personal photos, flashlight.
I was suggesting to build a spacecraft like the way Voyager one was able to travel which would make 1/3 the speed of light I don't have to be a bigger ship and that ship would have to hold so much just for the people to survive that 20 or 30 year trip and yet be able to try to colonize or before to come back because they can't because of tech hasn't been invented yet lucky enough to see something that actually could harbor life or actually just be able land on the Moon where the place with no ozone layer would be the best option because they could do that with what we know now and make life like that where they have to live inside and in space like they would have to do on the moon Even in our own solar system just so they can find a way to come and it does that other Moon that is so interesting to scientists and other people that might be a place to have life that the Hubble telescope and James Webb telescope really thinks it could be detecting water and a ozone layer I'm a moon to a giant planet and close enough to it to have life on it Wichita concept if it did it all and be like animals no real life to speak of of humans or aliens go to communicate back with you. But before I even do that I'll try to colonize our own Moon and Mars before Mars space station going around Earth and another one going around Mars medium in between can I make its own path around the Sun which would give Earth more chances than once every two years two to be able traveler in six months time to make it more like three making it like once every two years for 9 months they wouldn't be able to travel to it but the rest of the two years they would be able to. But then I make it so they can travel to the asteroid belt to use the asteroid belt what you being incredible task itself and it's probably a medium in between the Mars and asteroid weather could be another space station built is Hugo from the asteroid belt to Jupiter find other medium but I wouldn't make just any old space station I would make massive space stations in each place and then one going around Jupiter as well just so we could check out four of its moons and maybe, colonize some of them are all of them or just one of them. And on the medium halfway around I'd make another one of those very massive space station since they'll stay in orbit never catch up to one another and I do the same thing it halfway around Earth's orbit catching that medium and also the medium that following the planets and also in front of each planet which we would not be to do on Jupiter because it has two mediums 1 witches following one which is leading call the pile of asteroids and it's medium. I would never worry about Mercury or Venus is that it's just death just to try and I don't feel like sending billions of people to death just to try to colonize it before it could be colonized. But space stations might be okay in the mediums in between and in front and back at least of Venus but Mercury I'd stay away from because I know better I don't think we should have built shielding that can resist the Sun by that kind of temperature and even if I'm trying to hide the Sun and are relatively in space I'd go beyond the Oort cloud and just beyond that besides beyond the shielding ascend put surround our solar system the Voyager 1 found which there are two of them did you have to go beyond just to reach the outer part of our solar system just to build a wall they could be colonized go around the Sun and our whole solar system the task of that would be a billion generations to build. Maybe faster with robots controlled by people or just programmed which some of everything I said would have to be built by them since we have those already which might take less time than that. In all actuality I would try to do that to our island of 72 galaxies making it disappear from rest of the plane which would be quite easy to do and easy enough to make the heat disappear because of the vast area and all the heat people would need and all the cold air they shovel out which would keep our area cold from the inside keeping heat from getting out would be quite easy because of all the cold air. It is feasible if you can get many generations just to start it and those generations can make it so it could happen. But I would have a different plan some of the plans would be the same but I would have a much different plan why would I have to hide something that no one's going to look at but I won't be quite naive as that if we colonize all that we would also build such a ammara it is nothing like anybody seen yet but even a population you wouldn't even be able to fathom. With all that we may don't have a cartigen level of one but have the power of level of three or better gist of something of all that and not even all that would give us that. But with all that I would take something that the Navy invented in 2000 and more invented in 2004 and shared with the Air Force in 2012 and shared with the armed forces in 2023 a weapon that even aliens would fear that is a million times hotter than the surface of the Sun even if it shoots at a force field the forcefield would dissipate into nothing within three seconds weather with a gun that can recover in 3 million of a second and make it true that 350 targets at the same time from each gun. That's one gun I would take of course I take many other guns and weapons ammunition. But the guy I'm talking about is a laser gun which can do already more than anybody can really fathom and is still improving it. And they said it's going to be in the next War if there's a war as China's trying to take on Taiwan as Russia is attacking Ukraine the Navy was trying to prepare then Navy and airforce now the Navy Air Force army and Marines are trying to prepare for the upcoming war that may not happen or at least what they hope does not happen.
This podcast (link below) is really interesting. It’s looking at using power to provide thrust by pushing off of solar wind using strong magnetic fields and then using solar wind differentials throughout the solar system and at the heliopause for the purposes of dynamic soaring. This is super interesting because it would almost be like having a reactionless Drive. All you need is power. they’re even talking about ways to extract power from solar winds to run the magnetic fields. That part seems a little sketchy to me, but if possible, then we would really be talking. And if we decide to use laser power, you could use drag on the solar winds with a magnetic field to slow down at the target, rather than having to worry about having a laser station at the destination to slow you down. ruclips.net/video/SkGRVvA23qI/видео.html
At current birth rates, even if we get perfect eternal life, it'll take about 8 trillion to 32 trillion years to fill the galaxy with a mere 10B people per star system. Assuming each system gets a Dyson Sphere, there'd be an Earth's surface area for every 20 people with so few people per system - but do you really want to take longer than that to fill the galaxy?
24:20 Why would anyone volunteer to man such a ship? It must be presented as very needful. A great sacrifice for the good that will come of your sacrifice.
This describes the techno-signature we see at Tabby’s star and the others in that area. Irregular dust clouds as mass manufacturing occurs in their belts / dust used as reaction mass for sending ships to the next system
Arthur's Law: if it exists, we can colonise it. If it doesn't exist, we can still imagine how we would colonise it if it did.
Anything you can think about can happen, maybe not today or tomorrow but it might actually happen because in another univers it did.
I like this law.
Make it and then colonise it 😂
British in a nutshell
@@whoareyouyouareclearlylost323 now a billion people living inside the event horizon in a black hole happen bc you think there isn't something that didn't happen.... sooo the Greek gods exists in some universe? Magic too? Good lord, what someone has to read in internet, people taking infinite to the extreme and beyond
Fatalism is compliance.
Optimism is rebellion.
Resist entropy - Dare to hope.
I've been watching for a few years now and I find it amazing how you can come up with interesting topics every week!
It's because he has chosen such a large subject for discussion: tomorrow and overmorrow.
I get impressed how Isaac comes up with a new wording for Fermi paradox every time.
It's an ongoing thought experiment, it's an amalgamation of what if and how could. Issac is a modern day exophilosopher
He's also several months ahead of us.
"Why I Haven't Written A Science Fiction Bestseller" by Isaac Arthur... Definitely gonna be a bestseller!
one of the most interesting interstellar spaceship designs in scifi surprisingly comes from james camerons avatar, with light sails, debris sheilds and massive thermal radiators for the antimatter engines used for deceleration after the 7 year trip to alpha centuri, the ISV venture star may just be one of the best thought out interstellar ships in popular science fiction
You should watch a show called the expanse
Shame about how they used it as an atmospheric dropship in Avatar 2
(Not just a shame for the Navi - but for scientific realism)
@sulljoh1 that scene made no sense it was just there to have a generic "humans destroy nature" scene as the engines torch the forest. However, as a fan of the humans in that series, I was cheering at how cool that scene was, even if physics left the chat!
@@cliftonsutherland1406 I think you're 100% right, but don't cheer for the "humans" in Avatar. They're cartoonishly evil
@@kristinehansen. None of the ships in the expanse take to the same level.
Awesome artwork as always ❤
Thank you so much 😀
To hibernate people you may:
1. Induce sleep with medication
2. Slow metabolism with meditation
3. Soak cells with sugar and slowly freeze. That way crystals don't form. Frogs survive the process on their own and revive that way in the spring without any external help.
I love your accent. It somehow perfectly works with these videos in such a weird and roundabout way, it's great.
When the Santa Claus machine is online, we can't let Isaac near it. He has way too many ideas for interstellar canister shot.
😂👍
Canister In Space, hmm? Which Rule of Warfare covers that one? The 1st, right?
Time dilation is allowing me to tell you this video is perfect a minute after it was posted.
My psychic skills just did the same thing! Breakthrough!!
I like this video, now to start listening to it.
time dilation is not real
@@NeroDefogger probably hyperspeed weed
Lol 👍
Howdy science futuristic family. This is very informative. Never miss an episode. Started from the beginning all caught up.
I just want to say Issac, that your speech is NOT difficult for most of us to understand. I look forward to a bright Season 9!
When it comes to the topic of space. I consider the voice of authority. Thanks.
Was it my imagination or did hear WH40k planet names. Also I can’t be the only person waiting on Issac to write scientifically accurate sci-fi novel. All he needs is a plot he has all the technical data needed for a great novel setting.
TY SFIA. I always remind myself that on Earth, we are already interstellar travelers. We just have to wait for our sun and another to cross paths.
Colonization may take much longer this way but requires much less engineering and energy to achieve (no new science or engineering is needed). A fleet of generation ships with fusion or antimatter or infinite improbability drives would be far less efficient and arguably just as time consuming as just waiting for the star to come to us.
@@djschultz1970 We can make this even faster if we build a stellar engine and turn the entire solar system into our spaceship
Omfg this is perfect to tide over my excitement for Kerbal Space Program 2. XD thank you as always Isaac!
Yes! 4 minutes and I see it! My personal record.
Happy new year Isaac, probably one the best knowledge bases for me online.
You always bring up stuff I either forgot or never thought about
Very conscientious
I've started watching your shows since around 2017 and I found great joy and many interesting ideas. Keep up the wonderful work
love your work issac. gives me dozens of hours of content to ponder on.
Fast means big... This reminds me of something I heard recently:
The Enzmann Starship has been proposed at times of Apollo program. It was intended as the realistically first real interstellar starship, basically Super Orion on steroids: A big frozen ball of Deuterium in front, set of nuclear blast engines behind, each throwing 1.5 kt fusion bomb behind. 24-engine ship was supposed to be way faster than 8-engine one with lot of redundancies and ships were intended to travel as part of a fleet.
That would have been one hell of a sight to see.
Season 9 let's gooooo 🎊 Happy New Year Isaac
Was once an optimist about these kind of thing. Now seeing so much chaos and divides all over civilization that it appears we will not be able to get together enough to accomplish this kind of endeavor.
Awesome artwork as always ❤🎉
This is paradigm-shifting material. A book I read on the subject was an awakening. "Galaxies United" by Olivia Whitestone
This may come off as insulting but I mean it 100% as a compliment-your videos are literally how I fall asleep. I find the topics so fascinating and I have no idea how you pump out so many insanely high quality videos by the way but your voice is so relaxing and slow enough that I put your videos on whenever i need to sleep and I’m out in literally three minutes you’re literally magic I thank your for your service you make my life better 😂
Your videos addressing the issues of tomorrow and overmorrow* continue to delight me.
*I recently learned that there is an actual word for "the day after tomorrow", and I intend to revive its use.
In dutch the word overmorgen is still used a lot. Foe us the day after tomorow is just a movie.
If there is TOmorrow, why isn't there FROMorrow ?
Overmorrow. Love it.
@@gijskramer1702 Swedish too. Övermorgon. It would appear English is losing some important words. Feel free to take them back. Or borrow someone else's. Good words are meant to be used. On that note, Isaac's intro could as well say "get a fika", at least if you were watching with friends. Google it, it's a fantastic word, and one I absolutely implore everyone to steal it from us.
interesting. overmorrow literally translates to the correct word in german, "übermorgen".
My friends are discussing whether or not fusion will happen and I'm just over here waiting for my plot of land on a blackhole powered O'Neil cylinders.
Magnificent video, I hope one day someone creates a Sci-Fi fantasy story in which mythical species/legendary creatures colonise the solar system and other planetary systems in an interstellar colonisation campaign (rather than by humans) perhaps, if not certainly with Speculative Evolution (aka Speculative biology) being employed or used in this story.
"Every colony can be thought of as being abandoned from the outset" That puts a whole different feel on it, don't it?
That means when a colony leaves........they should already plan on being on their own. 🤔
@@commanderbracey7501
Exactly. And if the hope of the colonist is to find that perfect planet that can be quickly terraformed or even inhabited without assistance, they already failed. They should be ready and capable to colonize any and every type of system and planet type.
@@mill2712 If they arrive at a system with Hot Jupiters and Venus analogues.... Guess it's time to build space habitats
@@londonspade5896
Yep. And since that system probably has asteroids, comets, moons, dwarf planets, and an Oort cloud, there should be enough resources to keep everyone alive for a while and make that place home or at the very least, gather resources to build up and move on.
I think the only systems you'd want to avoid are neutron star systems and their variants. Especially magnatars.
Yet another informative and insightful video Isaac.
Ultimately the most feasible strategies for interstellar colonisation are A) the gradualist approach: Colonise the Oort Cloud first, then just keep going until you've colonised the next star's Oort Cloud. Obviously this doesn't benefit people living in the inner system much, but interstellar colonisation is so slow it's not so much _colonisation_ as a migration, and was never going help the inner-systemers anyway; and B) the wholesale strategy: embrace the migration and move one's entire civilisation to another star, either by abandoning one's star all at once, or by just moving the star itself closer using Nicoll-Dyson Beam (this also works for gas giant planets for a much faster solution on a smaller scale).
I'm generally of the opinion that interstellar colonisation is a purely far-distant future thing. There's just no reason to go somewhere literally hundreds of thousands of times further than even the most distant reaches of the Solar System when the Solar System itself is so vast and readily colonisable unless every last asteroid and comet out to several light years have already been colonised.
The port cloud is a theory which attempts to explain where " young " comets come from
There is no reason to think it even exist
Yes! A new SFIA episode!
Happy New Year!
Arthur's law: if it exists, we can colonize it. If it doesn't exist we can build it, and colonize it.
13:00 This is so freaking accurate, the differences in agile teams per environment, per project, per resources, per personality of team leaders and relationship style of team members could influence/breed the most exotic type of cultures! That's not even mentioning the differences in companies and industries!
..my head hurts
Cultures that are so different from each other that war is guaranteed.
Your videos help me out alot with my sci fi dungeon and dragons ideas💡 💯💪🏽
You inspire me Arthur on a personal level. I’ve been a huge fan for years. Thank you for the content
He does not require your support. He is doing his thing
@@faizanrana2998 idk Isaac Arthur literally ALWAYS talks about active support
Posted 42 minutes ago? 42 - it's a sign, destined to watch tonight!
Your videos are not only educational, but also full of beautiful sci-fi art and design, which I love. Keep up the good work and have a great 2023!
I watched the channel for over a year. I must say Isaac Arthur has a perfect documentary voice. Brain food and relaxation in 1 package ^_^
Thanks for making these awesome videos!
Thanks for another thought-provoking video. Thinking of colonization, the 1st craft could be a robotic probe. The robotic craft could be sent at a high speed as it could take higher acceleration and deceleration maybe even using aerobraking, gravity braking or other methods. The robotic probe would be smaller and possibly cheaper than a massive colony craft. Once the robotic craft arrived it/they would arrive and then construct the electromagnetic or laser accelerator/decelerate. The human colonization craft would then be sent a high speed.
Great episode. Good to see the visuals sometimes as usually watch on Spotify
Maybe in earlier episodes i noticed a slight speech impediment but to be honest last few years you speak better than most people i know. I look forward to another 9 years from you mate.
Thanks again friend!
I love the Gardener ship concept
Even they never become reality - it's a great concept for sci-fi
Loved: "its still a good strategy to learn to get along with your niegbors"
Another great one. You make 35 minutes feel like 15. I don't know what dark arts you practice to do so, but I'm glad you're using them for good, not evil.
Damn today's ending music was epic.
I came to this channel for the nuts and bolts of colonizing space
Vacuum-rated duct tape, aisle 2. Martian first-aid kits, aisle 5. Vast fleets of assorted non-colonizing & non-hostile predatorily-benevolent aliens, aisle 9.
You only need one isle with the Santa Clause machine.
@@stefanr8232 Santa is an actual anomaly, so yep.
@@vapormissile in order of most useful 🤣
I enjoyed the back/flavour story from the Macross series. After the war, colonization was both seen as a way to preserve the species, but also lower the strain on the very damaged Earth. A mass exodus happens, with huge numbers of people reaching out for new homes. The mass exodus part in particular I could easily see happening in “real life” as well. I wouldn’t be surprised if there was something like a 20% drop in world population very quickly if there was the chance to set out on a large scale.
The Macross colony ships themselves are vast in scale, with “smaller” trailer ships in tow with specific purposes, like long haul trucks on the highway. There’s also a swarm of smaller ships in formation for factory work, defence, resource gathering, scouting, etc.
These grand fleets are independent and self sustaining, are sent out from points of previous colonization, in all directions, but also keep a relative parallel course in groups to transport people, technology, and information back and forth. The map of travel kind of looks like a humongous spider plant.
They do have FTL jump drive technology in this series, as well as many other sci-fi perks like artificial gravity, so it’s not exactly grounded in realism. The Macross Frontier herself would be a utopia living aboard her by the look of it.
You can go faster by brute forcing the fuel. It might take 10,000 times the fuel to go twice as fast but 10,000 times the resources might become available.
There's an absolute limit, though, because you have to convert more and more of the ship to propellant.
@😈ORGODIAN RULER😈 Not exactly. For the same propulsion tech (same exhaust velocity), the ratio of the masses start / finish is squared, so the finish speed is twice as high. Rocket equation.
I'm here for a drink, snack and the most exquisite content.
Intergalactic space isn't empty, it has stars all the way there, they are just further and further apart, reaching densities low enough that they are perhaps 10,000 ly between stars, but they are there.
Hey Isaac - do you have any videos of the technologies that is needed to transport humans ? Like details about the water, food, living space, etc.
Yes he does. Teleportation episode. and also Clarktech episode. maybe others.
ruclips.net/video/rtljRNDuQvY/видео.html
ruclips.net/video/EXL2Hd_dOzw/видео.html
@@djschultz1970 thank you for the reply. The video you linked does not really talk about reusing the water and reusable food options. Also how the human waste will be dealt with and other day to stuff to deal with humans..
Hi Isaac! have you looked the video, how to conquer/colonize the universe in three easy steps? it's a great watch!
When colonizing another planet, the best way is to adapt ourselves versus teraforming the planet. Combining our DNA with the terrestrial indigenous beings. It might be a multi generational adaption to get the best fit to our new environment. It is possible we might not fully reconize our ancestors as our own kind in the end result. Unlike a Battlestar Galactica type scenario where everyone looks and is exactly the same phylim and species.
I always imagined we Humans living in Earth orbitals, moons bases in my time, yet they just stopped. We, All Human societies, are gearing up again to leap into space. I do expect to see an order of magnitude leap in technology, space mining, and orbital/moon construction. But that all takes a great deal of time, but I believe we can do it safely and be spread out quite a bit in ou own solar system by 2300. Excelsior!
Hey issac have you ever considered doing a video on the Dark Forest theory and how it relates to the fermi paradox?
He has already done two episodes on that theory.
ruclips.net/video/T9BQFbZ6o8I/видео.html
ruclips.net/video/zmCTmgavkrQ/видео.html
@@Reaven501L oh, thanks. I'm gonna check them out.
Isaac you might have a speech impediment but it doesn't hurt the quality of the videos at all. You have the voice of a radio man.
Issac, I think it's just about that time to do an updated fusion episode, They were successful of generating a 50% net positive of energy using lasers and sometype of hydrogen pellet, I've been wondering what net positive they really pulled off when you consider the power to create the hydrogen pellet, They are going to make another prototype just on a much larger scale, Hopefully this is the jump we really need to make a workable fusion power plant to generate power to the grid, I can only imagine they will only get a larger net positive of electricity over some more time but it makes me excited that fusion energy for a lot of stuff is not to far off,
The fuel pellet put out 50% more energy than the laser light had that hit the pellet.
The lasers and their cooling systems used about 100x more energy than their laser light output, and converting the fusion energy output into usable electricity is not gonna be anywhere near 100% efficient.
It really wasn't the great leap forward that it's been hyped up to be.
Most worlds are way too large or mass intensive for us to colonize the higher the mass the higher the gravity
This is a video I've been waiting for :p
Whew, here I was, worrying about space pirates on my ark ship, and you just throw a logic wrench in it.
I love your "peculiar speech impediment and accent", it's relaxing as shit and very easy to understand.
My favourite concept of interstellar colonization solves the confusion of the War of the Worlds aliens being so dumb. If it turns out we're incredibly late to the game of life, and a species has already has basically infinite energy and has noticed the lack of similar level civilisations, then they may decide to send fleets to EVERY possible habitable planet in an entire galaxy, or as far as they can reach, perhaps from another galaxy.
If the chances of military loss or biological destruction like as seen in the movie are low, and the costs are relatively minimal, then swarming out with a full invasion force to every habitable system is the best possible strategy. If you lose 1 out of 10 planets, you still have 9 out of 10 planets -- and when those who won against you are ready to expand, you're going to have them surrounded, out resourced, and have had time to solve the weaknesses that caused their loss. The far far future, your species controls the entire galaxy with no competition. It's capitalism, and invasions of worlds like Earth are acceptable losses. This species plans millions of years into the future, so to bury machines centuries/millennia ahead of the invasion would be inconsequential. To lose a fight for the fate of a world with no retreat under strict quarantine would only mean some time having fun crushing ants for your soldiers. They may not have even been at full strength, if you can cross a galaxy you can afford to send a fleet with substandard weapons if they're still good enough to take the planet most of the time. It'd be very easy to kill off a planet from orbit for them, and if the fleet failed, no loss, microwave the planet enough for all mammalian heads to explode and come back when things cool off.
A slightly more terrifying explanation is if all that's true, a billion alien ships crossing from Andromeda to take a thousand worlds over a million years - but their risks of loss are much, much higher, yet they still think it's worth it. It's worth it, because they're desperate. Because they're not conquerors. They're running. Running from an interstellar war they're losing. They're a military force, regrouping, with the knowledge they'll need to control every world they can to survive what's coming.
Interesting thing is that I literally understand everything even though I'm not from English speaking region but I tested and asked my friend today if he understand you and he said that he doesn't but he clearly needs from person to speak slowly and clearly to understand (his words) but he didn't understand anything but I understand you since my first listen long time ago and I enjoy in every single episode, just turn on and lie down in my bed before sleep!
The IA Algorithm 1st rule of Warfare are also a pillar of the channel.
And the Channel’s missiles.
You should talk to Peter Ziehan.
If we are talking about the interstellar colonization policy for the humankind, first, find the other star system with the good planets by putting the space telescope. Second, put the drones in the surface of the planets and their moons. Mostly likely, we will use the generation spaceship if we are not achieving the fastest than lights engines. Plus, genetic engineering is one of the policy for interstellar colonization.
Add a bootstrap Law concerning previously sent out slower than light ships, to outfit them with recent updates of drive technology. Pioneering spirits should never be wasted or changed psychologically to suit your needs.
Another great video by issac arthur and love listening to a video dealing with the bright future of humanity. Issac needs to collaborate with scyfy series.
The largest moving "vehicles" so far built by humans are our huge, nuclear powered Aircraft Carriers. And these max out at about 1,000 feet in lengh. (Or less!) So it would seem to me that space vehicles of 1,000 or 1,500 feet in length just might soon be within our engineering capabilities.
But, as to speed? Today we might have technology (with foreseeable improvements) to accelerate to from 0.1% or possibly 1% of light speed. Maybe. Thus to reach even "The" nearest star could take 4,300 years or 430 years.
So, I'm not yet eager to buy my ticket and take my chances!
We are even intergalactic travelers already. Only another billion years until we get to Andromeda. Good intergalactic real-estate I hear. With A LOT of drinks and snacks we will easily make the trip.
Xenoblade Chronicles X does something similar to the cloning and consciousness transfer via mimeosomes, in which they project the consciousness of their colonists into androids constructed in the likeness of said colonists.
As you talk about the immortal ship population issues, i was thinking the likely solution to that (which would make a great show) would be for people to take a sterilization drug, and if they choose to not take it and have children, they would be choosing to cease the immortality treatment and would love out their days with their children, then die. I'm envisioning an accidental class system evolving as a theme in the show.. the og immortal crew, and the population who's ancestors refused to take the sterilization so created a breeding population bloom which was no longer given the option of immortality, and strained all the resources to the breaking point.
You send your laser stations first. Use one laser station to push the next laser station to its destination so it can decelerate incomming shipz from midway.
I hope I get to see people living on other planets.
It would have happened by now but some people were so worried that third world countries beating poverty will compete with them so they sabotaged the needed technology!
Fission and fusion research.
They did not stop there , they lied that earths resources are finite and fought industrialization using clever lies like climate emergency and depopulate people and create poverty
To put it simply, you can leave earth tomorrow but some people are so small minded and then evil the don't want a single living creature outside their control,
Now that china is grown they realize that they will lose the next war if they withhold research so they are doing now what they sabotaged long ago but still their other lies remain standing
Together the two superpowers USA and ussr sat down and agreed that no other people should become powerful enough to challenge them, so they sabotaged their own space programs and glorious futures by slandering nuclear technology, as if risk of fire is legitimate enough as an excuse to eat raw meat!!
The USA and ussr could have colonised the solar system if they had so wished but doing so risked allowing other countries to see the glories of nuclear power which they didn't want to share and some countries like china , UK and france ignored them amd went ahead but alas they also didn't want others to join the club and focused only on military uses!
A major part of seeing people on other planets or even going there yourself is to see through the lies and fight them when given opportunity, like the people who forced usa to allow civilians to develop rockets leading to creation of spaceX
By the time the solar system is populated enough (0.1% dysoned) that colonists are heading out it will be trivial to make a light highway to push them (its all done with mirrors)
A Ai would be very useful. It could have access to all Data on earth prior to launch and you could have a natural conversion with them instead of typing commands
Oh to be a fly on the wall in the future. Great stuff 👍
He sounds so much more confident nowadays... anybody else picking this up
I think we will become space nomads.
Taking what we need from the planets and moving on to newer planets.
Planets are probably not the best sources of resources/raw materials.
Planets are expansive traps.
Better mine asteroids for metals and comets for volatiles, then create space habitats.
If developed enough, then you might disassemble planets over the millennia. Can't go faster for heat loss reasons. Then do starlifting.
That process would take so long that we'd still effectively be colonists.
If those thousand gardener ships split up every time they stop over and seed a system then they're a million after ten such passes and a billion after after twenty, having seeded about two billion systems
Every space colony will need an expansive maternity hospital.
Imagine a combination seed & gardener ship where the crew are all uploads or folks in cryo, or both. They spend their time in VR perhaps running a little slow to pass the time relatively quick, popping out from time to time for maintenance tasks, or whatever. When they get where they're going people wake up and start building, offloading, etc. When it comes time to repopulate the ship, people have their kids virtually and let them grow up in a frame jacked VR world if needed, only to get downloaded into a combination synthetic and biological body as required to continue along with the ship, or get ready for the next colony site. Would likely speed up their repopulation efforts!
As with most things in life: team strategies win long term.
Some things that should be taken into account are the body's limit to acceleration, based on this I could imagine that a ship would be accelerating at a rate that is equivalent to the speed of gravity up until the ship is unable to continue that acceleration, the passengers of the shop would then be placed in cryo pods till the point of deceleration, this would happen in which the ship would do a 180 degree turn, so that the floor of the ship would always be the same direction, and to decrease the complexity of design. While this is all happening, a separate cargo ship is heading to the planet at a higher acceleration then is possible to handle by humans to set up the infrastructure needed for human civilization.
Another thing I would consider is the aspect that during acceleration, the passengers would be in a separate ship that is smaller, as mass makes a huge difference in acceleration, this would be set on a course to align with a larger ship that is following along a set route. Once the ship is docked, passengers would go into the larger ship for hibernation up until the point of deceleration when they would go to the smaller ship to colonize
Your accent is soothing to myself and I'm somewhat of an amateur rocket scientist myself so Godspeed snd god journey :)
What about common necessities, assume on Nuclear Disaster You would have something as this: sleeping bag, vessel, gas dispenser, lighter, mobile phones, WiFi connection, external batteries, hygiene products, towel paper, respirator, garbage bags, first aid kit, flask, water, canned foods, personal documents, cash, personal photos, flashlight.
Yeah! Aforementioned host! All hail the algorithm!
I was suggesting to build a spacecraft like the way Voyager one was able to travel which would make 1/3 the speed of light I don't have to be a bigger ship and that ship would have to hold so much just for the people to survive that 20 or 30 year trip and yet be able to try to colonize or before to come back because they can't because of tech hasn't been invented yet lucky enough to see something that actually could harbor life or actually just be able land on the Moon where the place with no ozone layer would be the best option because they could do that with what we know now and make life like that where they have to live inside and in space like they would have to do on the moon Even in our own solar system just so they can find a way to come and it does that other Moon that is so interesting to scientists and other people that might be a place to have life that the Hubble telescope and James Webb telescope really thinks it could be detecting water and a ozone layer I'm a moon to a giant planet and close enough to it to have life on it Wichita concept if it did it all and be like animals no real life to speak of of humans or aliens go to communicate back with you. But before I even do that I'll try to colonize our own Moon and Mars before Mars space station going around Earth and another one going around Mars medium in between can I make its own path around the Sun which would give Earth more chances than once every two years two to be able traveler in six months time to make it more like three making it like once every two years for 9 months they wouldn't be able to travel to it but the rest of the two years they would be able to. But then I make it so they can travel to the asteroid belt to use the asteroid belt what you being incredible task itself and it's probably a medium in between the Mars and asteroid weather could be another space station built is Hugo from the asteroid belt to Jupiter find other medium but I wouldn't make just any old space station I would make massive space stations in each place and then one going around Jupiter as well just so we could check out four of its moons and maybe, colonize some of them are all of them or just one of them. And on the medium halfway around I'd make another one of those very massive space station since they'll stay in orbit never catch up to one another and I do the same thing it halfway around Earth's orbit catching that medium and also the medium that following the planets and also in front of each planet which we would not be to do on Jupiter because it has two mediums 1 witches following one which is leading call the pile of asteroids and it's medium. I would never worry about Mercury or Venus is that it's just death just to try and I don't feel like sending billions of people to death just to try to colonize it before it could be colonized. But space stations might be okay in the mediums in between and in front and back at least of Venus but Mercury I'd stay away from because I know better I don't think we should have built shielding that can resist the Sun by that kind of temperature and even if I'm trying to hide the Sun and are relatively in space I'd go beyond the Oort cloud and just beyond that besides beyond the shielding ascend put surround our solar system the Voyager 1 found which there are two of them did you have to go beyond just to reach the outer part of our solar system just to build a wall they could be colonized go around the Sun and our whole solar system the task of that would be a billion generations to build. Maybe faster with robots controlled by people or just programmed which some of everything I said would have to be built by them since we have those already which might take less time than that. In all actuality I would try to do that to our island of 72 galaxies making it disappear from rest of the plane which would be quite easy to do and easy enough to make the heat disappear because of the vast area and all the heat people would need and all the cold air they shovel out which would keep our area cold from the inside keeping heat from getting out would be quite easy because of all the cold air. It is feasible if you can get many generations just to start it and those generations can make it so it could happen. But I would have a different plan some of the plans would be the same but I would have a much different plan why would I have to hide something that no one's going to look at but I won't be quite naive as that if we colonize all that we would also build such a ammara it is nothing like anybody seen yet but even a population you wouldn't even be able to fathom. With all that we may don't have a cartigen level of one but have the power of level of three or better gist of something of all that and not even all that would give us that. But with all that I would take something that the Navy invented in 2000 and more invented in 2004 and shared with the Air Force in 2012 and shared with the armed forces in 2023 a weapon that even aliens would fear that is a million times hotter than the surface of the Sun even if it shoots at a force field the forcefield would dissipate into nothing within three seconds weather with a gun that can recover in 3 million of a second and make it true that 350 targets at the same time from each gun. That's one gun I would take of course I take many other guns and weapons ammunition. But the guy I'm talking about is a laser gun which can do already more than anybody can really fathom and is still improving it. And they said it's going to be in the next War if there's a war as China's trying to take on Taiwan as Russia is attacking Ukraine the Navy was trying to prepare then Navy and airforce now the Navy Air Force army and Marines are trying to prepare for the upcoming war that may not happen or at least what they hope does not happen.
This podcast (link below) is really interesting. It’s looking at using power to provide thrust by pushing off of solar wind using strong magnetic fields and then using solar wind differentials throughout the solar system and at the heliopause for the purposes of dynamic soaring. This is super interesting because it would almost be like having a reactionless Drive. All you need is power. they’re even talking about ways to extract power from solar winds to run the magnetic fields. That part seems a little sketchy to me, but if possible, then we would really be talking.
And if we decide to use laser power, you could use drag on the solar winds with a magnetic field to slow down at the target, rather than having to worry about having a laser station at the destination to slow you down.
ruclips.net/video/SkGRVvA23qI/видео.html
At current birth rates, even if we get perfect eternal life, it'll take about 8 trillion to 32 trillion years to fill the galaxy with a mere 10B people per star system. Assuming each system gets a Dyson Sphere, there'd be an Earth's surface area for every 20 people with so few people per system - but do you really want to take longer than that to fill the galaxy?
Isaac I would feel blessed if you wrote a sci-fi novel on any topic of your choosing
:3 you don’t have anything to worry about with the speech stuff fam, been here since subtitles and you’re better at speaking than me 😂
First interstellar voyages will be done with humanoid robots, not humans bc it makes no sense.
24:20 Why would anyone volunteer to man such a ship? It must be presented as very needful. A great sacrifice for the good that will come of your sacrifice.
This describes the techno-signature we see at Tabby’s star and the others in that area. Irregular dust clouds as mass manufacturing occurs in their belts / dust used as reaction mass for sending ships to the next system
This is most possibly the coolest channel on the RUclipss, followed closely by LGR, and Forgotten Weapons. I love your work, Isaac, please keep it up!
I'm starving, should have gotten a drink and a snack.