Just wanted to point out that depending on the metric you use, Mauna Loa is even taller than is commonly thought. While the peak is 4,170 m (13,680 ft) above sea level, and the base meets the seafloor at around 5,000 m (16,400 ft) below sea level, for a total relief of 9,170 m (30,080 ft), the actual total relief of the volcanic pile is much higher, because the thin oceanic crust onto which it has erupted is depressed by the extreme mass of all of that heavy volcanic rock, and this subsidence is most extreme in the center of the volcanic edifice. In fact, according to the USGS, the center of Mauna Loa depresses the oceanic crust an additional 8,000 m (26,250 ft). In cross-section, the volcanic pile resembles a “lens” shape, where the dome of the shield volcano above the crust bows upward, while simultaneously bowing the crust below it downwards into a bowl shape. Thus the total relief of Mauna Loa is an incredible 17,170 m (56,330 ft), or nearly twice the height of Mt. Everest! You may think, “this is unfair, we don’t measure the base of mountains like Everest beneath ground level, surely they also depress the crust.” Here’s the thing-normal mountains don’t. The reason is, when mountains are built during orogenic events, the entire crust is thickened. This crust, being lighter than the mantle, floats on the mantle below it, much like an iceberg, finding its level of neutral buoyancy, the portion “above”, being propped up by an even more massive portion “below”. We don’t count the thickened crust below a mountain as part of its height, just like we don’t count the thickness of the oceanic crust below Mauna Loa. Mauna Loa is different than relief formed through orogeny, because it is a pile of volcanic rock. The eruption of all of this volcanic rock doesn’t create anything like a the “orogenic” root below the Himalayas (though a small portion may be “underplated” in the form of mafic igneous complexes/cumulate complexes), nearly all of that volcanic rock is erupted above the original oceanic crust, which is why it is able to be depressed to such extremes. Mt. Everest doesn’t depress the crust below it, precisely because it has an orogenic root that keeps it propped up in the mantle. Because of this, we can measure the entire height of the volcanic pile of Mauna Loa, from its most depressed point in the center, to its peak, which gives us that much higher figure than simply measuring the relief of the peak to where its furthest extents reach the seafloor.
Excellent explanation Avana.👌 I live approximately 35 miles from the Mauna Loa summit and watched the beginning of the eruption at 11:30 pm Sunday night. Most people use the 30,000 ft description without any reference to the 26,000 ft channel around the base of the sea floor. Many of the earthquakes we feel are the result of the mountain settling into the sea floor or mantle surface. The sheer volcanic mass of the mountain is actually displacing magmug under the sea floor at a rate relatively near equal to the weight of material above the ocean surface and equalizing in equal portions as the mass is spread out below the ocean's surface until the mass contacts the sea floor. Not being a geologist myself, I do not have all of the proper terms to describe this phenomenon, but as a lover of science I understand the dynamic principles in play. The whole process is quite fascinating for sure.🤙
@@gwbuilder5779 Wow! That must be something. The photos of the sky looked amazing, but I imagine in person it must have been much more incredible. Hopefully it stays restricted to the highest heights and doesn’t threaten anybody. And hopefully the government doesn’t try to bomb it like they did in 1935! 😂 The higher measurement is just another way of measuring. I personally like it because otherwise one ignores the massive amount to which the mountain actually affects its surrounding area, and disregards a huge volume of volcanic material. Actually a similar thing happens at continental stratovolcanoes and volcanic arcs, like Mt. Rainier and the Cascades. There, the weight of the volcanic edifices causes an “axial graben” to form along the arc, where the stratovolcanoes themselves commonly sit in a sunken trough. Gravitational spreading also occurs in these settings (Mt. Etna is a great example). So I suppose one could measure these stratovolcanoes’ heights starting from the base of their axial grabens-in practice, no one really does this, though. You’re absolutely right about those EQs and the slipping. As I understand, because all that lava erupted onto seafloor, which is covered by slippery oceanic sediments (albeit relatively thin, given the low levels of sedimentation in the middle of an ocean basin), as the volcanic edifice spreads gravitationally under its own weight, a décollement, or subhorizontal fault/slip surface has formed at the interface between the volcanic pile and the sediments, and that is responsible for some of those earthquakes. Stay safe and enjoy the show!
@@AvanaVana The show is gone here. I'm in the South West rift area, so as the summit activity has diminished and moved further North East, the show has dropped below the summit. Tonight there is no color in the sky at all which is crazy, but makes perfect sense. I am guessing that the initial fountains Sunday night probably went as high as 2,000 ft judging by the amount of spatter debris and how far away from the fountains it is. Those first 30 minutes were quite spectacular and very bright yellow/orange versus the more common red/orange/pink/purple throughout the rest of the eruption. Tonight, there is a slight pink/purple/orange thin outline on the silhouette of the summit almost like the last colors of a faded sunset. The good news is no threat of lava flows this direction for now. Of course volcanic eruptions are completely unpredictable when it comes to determining surface ruptures, so wait and see is always the way we live. Thanks for the conversation, not too many people talk to me about things like this because they don't relate, but I understand. Thanks again.🤙
Listening to you explain all of the nuances of geology and how our planet is shaped by the forces at work that make these changes over time is just fascinating to learn about. You are a natural speaker who knows very well what you talk about, and I’m grateful to have found your RUclips channel! Thank you for your expertise in this area and I look forward to seeing your other videos as well. ❤
Great video Myron. I've always hoped to see Mauna Loa erupt since I was a kid. My family would always vacation in Kona every year and I was always so interested in the volcanoes on the island. I've been following updates on Mauna Loa since 2019 when activity started to uptick. I was very surprised to see the news of the eruption because there wasn't much warning. Anyways great content as always Myron.
Great discussion as always, Professor Cook. Thanks so much this short but highly insightful lecture on volcanoes, plate tectonics, and subduction in the infamous Ring of Fire. You are far beyond brilliant!👍🏼🤝🏼
Oh my God this man is so awesome and I learned so much about volcanoes tectonic plates and how everything works, he explains it so damn well it's ridiculous I love him!
Lohi went off 3 hours before Mauna Loa so the flow came from the main chamber of the Hotspot rather than a magma pocket floating upwards. Yellowstone has a magma pocket floating up in the North East corner that's detached from the main magma chamber. Pockets of magma are still floating up in Haleakala in Maui that are distanced away from the main chamber. They recently even found a hot spring in Kaui and they thought it was extinct. The hot spot trails under all the islands but the main chamber thankfully is under the East coast of the Big Island, looks like she's tapping it.
What is the source of “Loihi went off 3 hours before Mauna Loa“? Do you mean there was an underwater eruption on the seamount? The last update by the Hawaii volcanoes observatory on Loihi was November 3. No significant activity was noted.
@@aey808 there is a single RUclips video claiming that a heat signature was detected by a GOES sat. 3 hours before in the area of Loihi. The validity of the claim made in the video is questionable.
Wonderful teaching video form a USGS Geologist who has a wonderful talent for bringing parts of the life cycle of a Volcano to where it si interesting and very revealing.
Hi Myron. In 1980 I was sitting on top of Haleakala on the island of Maui at about midnight when the volcano Kilauea started to erupting for the first time on the Big Island. I stayed up till 4 am watching it unfold. It is still erupting to this day. Will never forget it.
I love this! Back in the 80s and 90s, my family lived in Micronesia (Pohnpei and Palau) and it’s because of this, island formation fascinates me! We also lived in the Sierra Nevada, Bryce Canyon and other places because my father was a rolling stone. Plus, living all those places has giving me an appreciation of the diverse geological features here on Earth. I’m so glad you explained how atolls and barrier reefs form because not too many people are aware of those geological features. I was fortunate to talk a specialized college level marine biology class as a high schooler and there was a lot of focus on island creation. I may have tuned out for a moment as I started to formulate my comment (ADD), but did you mention there will be a new Hawaiian Island soon; that is to say, in geological time? Loihi is the name and I’m sure someone has pointed this out already, so forgive the redundancy if they have. But as always, thanks for the videos and explanations as a geologist. It’s a joy to learn from a scientist how these features were formed!
Wow, what an experience living those places must have been. I actually only heard about Pohnpei for the first time yesterday when I came across an article on Pohnpeian language…and funny enough, here’s someone who lived there. :)
@@AvanaVana Ha! Isn’t I funny when that happens? Palau is much more popular because it’s famous for its diving, but Pohnpei is definitely worth a visit! But I’m intrigued at your process of stumbling across Pohnpei by searching languages? Most people just want to escape to a remote tropical paradise!
I learn SO much from your videos. Excellent way of explaining. I’m from Hawaii, and remember the ‘84 eruption. One request. Please pronounce it Mauna KAY’ uh, not Mauna KEY’ uh. Thank you.
Thank you for the education and listenable discussion Prof Cook! 🧡📓
5 месяцев назад+1
Thank You, Myron! I'm enjoying my chill Sunday morning with random selection of your videos. (And, oc various channels updates from Icelands ongoing eruption!) Greetings from Värmland county, Sweden 🙌🏼
Thank You Myron.... I was very busy doing something else important. When I saw your newest broadcast I stopped what I was doing & watched!!!!!!! 🙂..... TM
When I was going to school in the dark ages, I didn’t realize a girl could go into the sciences and never was exposed to anything but the most basic. I have recently become fascinated by geology, (as well as paleontology and anthropology) and have immensely enjoyed your videos @myroncook, thank you. Sometimes you are way over my head, but I keep listening and learning!
I find it amazing that the "Hot Spot" remains stationary as the Pacific Plate is relentlessly moving across it to the northwest! It is also incredible that the Hawaii Hot Spot has existed since the Cretaceous, if not longer. The idea that it has been in constant existence pouring out lava for at least 70 million years is simply mind-boggling!
Thanks - great presentation - I know geology well - and I like the way you simplify it and the drawings WOW, humm what is your hat brand - I wear hats🤠
I think that Mr. wilson was at the University og Toronto. I was in a geology class at UofT in 1960 with professor Peter Peach and he talked about plate tectonics and how it was at that time considered a radical theory still. So it has been interesting to me to see how it has finally been embraced. I remember when catastrophic event were poo pooed too. How times change.
Nice. I'm curious about the dragon-shaped structure on the sea floor south of the Hawaiian chain (see at 5:00). It must have an interesting history, although perhaps not as straightforward, as the Hawaiian islands.
I love the way you spell it all out. You come down to the layman's level, and speak with a calm, soothing voice. I did know about the seamount chain and plate tectonics because I watch Nick Zentner a lot. I learn a lot fom watching him too.
Dutchsinse channel discusses the 'seamount chanin' as well. he's posting just about daily now. Also check Dutchsinse recent post re: Lohi seamount (just off Hawaii) erruption 3hrs BEFORE Mauna Loa
Prof. Cook thank you so much for this explanation it ties very closely with a public lecture series on Baja-BC currently put on by Prof. Nick Zentner also available on YT.
knew a bunch of this but in the back of my mind i'd been wondering why every atoll looks so similar. never even once thought to look it up. subscribed.
Was excited to hear about Mauna Loa and nearly as excited when I saw you had released a video on it. Now off to watch more videos on atolls. Thanks, Professor!
I'd looked for some information about this eruption, and your explanation was by far the best I've seen. I got a decent picture from the USGS scientist, but he used a lot of jargon I'm not familiar with. The Google Earth model and even the dry erase board model were quite helpful in understanding these processes. I feel I could even show these to my young sons to help them understand. Excellent video & you've earned a subscription from me!
I could listen to you and talk with you for hours on the geological subjects. I can see the passion you have and wonder in your eyes for this fields of science. It is so amazing how we take for grant the land we walk on. It is constantly moving...albeit very slow for us but fast for the geological clock. Only time we ever see a major land shift quickly is of course volcanoes and earth quakes. I never knew the islands of the pacific were moving north....if we had a device that allowed us to actually watch the movement (not computer generated) and see the final position of the main Hawaiian island after 100 million years in a few seconds how amazing that would be. Thank you for making and sharing your videos.
I Really enjoyed your talk. To be able to explain in layman's terms is a true gift. Although I had to pause twice to get up and see if my 'atolls' had shifted.
Interesting Fact: It's the first time in recorded history that Kilauea and Mauna Loa are erupting at the same time. Both can be viewed from Volcanoes Natl Park.
@@peekaboo6622 Could I see a source for that? I'm going based on a USGS paper about Kilauea's activity in 1983-1984. (pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1463, see pages 100-101 of the PDF). "For the first time in 65 years, Mauna Loa and Kilauea were in simultaneous eruption."
I really appreciate your information. We’re on Hawaii Island experiencing this. We experienced the Kilauea eruption in 2018. Thanks for elaborating on the process. We just tend to hope for the best.We do pay attention to information from the USGS.
@@myroncook Sir, I think you are great. Very smart and knowledgeable!! Don’t change a thing. I hope I didn’t offend you. No disrespect. And please keep doing more on our Mauna Loa eruption. 🥰
Thank you for that succinct explanation of the Hawaiian chain. That "bend" has bugged me of years. I think I'm leaning in the camp of the plates shifting in a new direction. I think that the pacific plate started meeting more resistance from the North American plate, causing it to the Pac plate to shift westward. I don't think it's any coincidence that the Pac plate is moving directly perpendicular to the Marianna trench. Perhaps caused by the emergence of the Juan de Fuca/ Cocos plates? Sorry, I'm not a geologist, just a layman trying to understand how it works. I love your video series.
Thank you Mr. Cook. Great explanation in simple terms. I've been watching as the last time she erupted, I was at Hickam AFB on Oahu, and my youngest daughter is now stationed at USCG Honolulu. Truly impressive in its beauty.
Hello my friend I'm very glad that I could leave a message well I've want to inform you that the FISSURE 8 FROM kelawea volcanio came out from calexico ca same day that the vivus came out in year 2018 I'm so I'm wanting to know more about the fissure 8 if you have information please let me know and if you want to find more I've could let you know more information and tell you exactly from were it came out 💘 the beautiful girl from Calexico CA Kings of the valley Egypt
If you look at the Aleutian Islands and the extended Hawaiian Islands, they both seem to make the same northwestern turn about the same time. Is the same thing that caused the Hawaiian Islands to make this turn the same thing that caused the Aleutian Islands turn?
Wow, 8 million years and moving fast. So the hot spot must have been under China. So in another 8 million years it might crash into a spot on the west coast, like Yellowstone. Amazing geology of our planet.
So if I get it right, Hawaii is heading full-on into Hokkaido ? Okay, but then where is Japan/Hokkaido headed for?...I don´t assume Japan remains stuck. I was aware that the Hawaiian chain does not end with Hawaii proper (the Midway atolls somehow are part of it too and are often forgotten), but never heard of an Emperor seamount chain before that connects with the former....learned something new ! 👍😊
i saw on news there's sum underwater volcanism goin on sum distance off japan..right now in the wintery cold..i wonder is this how ther got 2 b a 30 foot snowfall in 72 hrs?🤔 sum kind of a record a way back when🤔facinating but scary 2..imagine if the whole mid atlantic ridge techtonic plate openeded up like a zipper and spewed water in2 atmoshere..walla!!😲 2 miles ice above our heads in no time 🤔
a = ah e = ay as in d[ay] i = ee as in k[ey] o = oh u = as in Winnie the p[oo]h Mauna Loa = [Moun]tain-[ah] [Low]-[ah] Mauna Kea = [Moun]-[ah] [KAY]-[ah] Hawaiian words are super easy to pronounce. No disrespect, it just hurts my ears to hear.
The Hawaiian hots spot certainly seems to be the most consistent hot spot track with its marvelously long extent its worth noting that unlike other hot spots the chain doesn't lead back to a known Large Igneous Province so that tells us that the hot spot has been erupting for more than 80 million years i.e. that is a lower limit of age given how vigorous this hotspot's activity is compared even to younger hotspots I can only ponder at the true age of this monstrous plume fed hotspot! Regarding the bend in the Emperor Hawaiian chain that mystery is quite interesting on its own but there does seem to have been a lot of changes occurring along the plate boundaries of the Pacific during the Eocene, admittedly most of those big changes were earlier in time compared to the seamount shift those changes in the plate boundaries i.e. times relative to the PETM(Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum) but tectonic processes can take place over many millions of years and thus there could potentially still be some relationship there. Could it have anything to do with North America Subducting parts of the East Pacific Rise including what, based on seismic tomography, appears to have been a very long transform jump so perhaps losing part of that under NA may have contributed?. We should probably also note that in addition to normal erosion many of the older islands have lost much of their edifice to submarine landslides of enormous proportions. Also having been watching Geology Hub for a while now there is some evidence for increasingly infrequent eruptions rather than a hard cut off after all the most recent well dated eruption on Oahu was some 36,000 years ago and that complex has been for the last million years been erupting on average about once per 40,000 years hence it may statistically speaking be premature to call it extinct. even if the odds of it erupting again are quite slim. This is more a comment on how calling volcanos extinct is tricky. ;)
Mauna Loa began to shut down as my plane landed on the Big Island, and that night at the fissure most of the crazy show was over. Then I went to Kilauea, and the next day it too, was done. But I was blessed by this wonder in ways I cannot describe. Our beautiful mother still has pimples and acne, as she gives birth to life, and demonstrates that she is far from dotage :) Very far, indeed! Subscribed!
Great video 🤙 I’m not a scientist , geologist or professor but an outsider looking in. Is it fair to say that the Hotspot is fed from the earths Core and not from the Mantle. If the Hotspot remains in a relatively same position while the plate moves, it’s like a lazar cutting through , so to speak. To remain closely in the same position for millions of years would it need a source like coming from the Core ? I did see a YT vid by eiffilms - Hawaii Volcano Drill , they mentioned Mauna Kea had a special mineral Helium3 which they suggested came from near the Core
Does the controversy over the change in direction of island/seamount formation have anything to do with Hapgoods crustal shift? It might be a good video for you to create discussing the pros and cons of his theory. I recently found your channel and am enjoying it very much. If your profession wasn't teaching then I'd say you missed your calling cause you're excellent at it! Looking forward to your next video.
At your 8:13 time, this is going to be complicated how to explain so sorry. The bulge in (lower left ) (what time line is this ?)(don't know if your going to show it ?) pushed (faster/easier to push against) against the plate moving above , is this a time period of when the (energetically ) California pushing against the (main part of north america) Dutchsense shows it as the main part of North America with the west side of that being pushed against it. It is the wrong word sorry, I see undersea (?wash ) there like the one East side of Panama area as if it had been gel liquid then solidified almost the same as the bottom of South America. Interesting at some point the forces were reduced to allow the change of force of the plate. It didn't rotate so something changed? Always have found Geology interesting.
as a Marine, i spent time on the islands... never really appreciated them and just wanted off of them... but with this kind of explanation of them... well, now, i want to go back and study them ... thank you for giving the insight
It is sad, to organize underwater expeditions is impossible without a profit. There so lot of things, that could be checked at least according to Hawaiian islands trace. Extremely not enough scientific documentary data.
About 2007, I proposed that the bend in the island chain was caused by the Indian sub-continent slamming into Asia, which somehow caused a kink and caused it to change direction. I was at the Bishop Museum in Honolulu, watching Science on a Sphere, when I noticed that the change in direction coincided with India slamming into Asia.
Just wanted to point out that depending on the metric you use, Mauna Loa is even taller than is commonly thought. While the peak is 4,170 m (13,680 ft) above sea level, and the base meets the seafloor at around 5,000 m (16,400 ft) below sea level, for a total relief of 9,170 m (30,080 ft), the actual total relief of the volcanic pile is much higher, because the thin oceanic crust onto which it has erupted is depressed by the extreme mass of all of that heavy volcanic rock, and this subsidence is most extreme in the center of the volcanic edifice. In fact, according to the USGS, the center of Mauna Loa depresses the oceanic crust an additional 8,000 m (26,250 ft). In cross-section, the volcanic pile resembles a “lens” shape, where the dome of the shield volcano above the crust bows upward, while simultaneously bowing the crust below it downwards into a bowl shape.
Thus the total relief of Mauna Loa is an incredible 17,170 m (56,330 ft), or nearly twice the height of Mt. Everest!
You may think, “this is unfair, we don’t measure the base of mountains like Everest beneath ground level, surely they also depress the crust.” Here’s the thing-normal mountains don’t. The reason is, when mountains are built during orogenic events, the entire crust is thickened. This crust, being lighter than the mantle, floats on the mantle below it, much like an iceberg, finding its level of neutral buoyancy, the portion “above”, being propped up by an even more massive portion “below”. We don’t count the thickened crust below a mountain as part of its height, just like we don’t count the thickness of the oceanic crust below Mauna Loa. Mauna Loa is different than relief formed through orogeny, because it is a pile of volcanic rock. The eruption of all of this volcanic rock doesn’t create anything like a the “orogenic” root below the Himalayas (though a small portion may be “underplated” in the form of mafic igneous complexes/cumulate complexes), nearly all of that volcanic rock is erupted above the original oceanic crust, which is why it is able to be depressed to such extremes. Mt. Everest doesn’t depress the crust below it, precisely because it has an orogenic root that keeps it propped up in the mantle. Because of this, we can measure the entire height of the volcanic pile of Mauna Loa, from its most depressed point in the center, to its peak, which gives us that much higher figure than simply measuring the relief of the peak to where its furthest extents reach the seafloor.
I love to get your feedback, Avana. I always learn something from it!
Excellent explanation Avana.👌
I live approximately 35 miles from the Mauna Loa summit and watched the beginning of the eruption at 11:30 pm Sunday night.
Most people use the 30,000 ft description without any reference to the 26,000 ft channel around the base of the sea floor.
Many of the earthquakes we feel are the result of the mountain settling into the sea floor or mantle surface.
The sheer volcanic mass of the mountain is actually displacing magmug under the sea floor at a rate relatively near equal to the weight of material above the ocean surface and equalizing in equal portions as the mass is spread out below the ocean's surface until the mass contacts the sea floor.
Not being a geologist myself, I do not have all of the proper terms to describe this phenomenon, but as a lover of science I understand the dynamic principles in play.
The whole process is quite fascinating for sure.🤙
@@myroncook Hey, thanks Myron. Cheers 🍻! I appreciate what you do a lot.
@@gwbuilder5779 Wow! That must be something. The photos of the sky looked amazing, but I imagine in person it must have been much more incredible. Hopefully it stays restricted to the highest heights and doesn’t threaten anybody. And hopefully the government doesn’t try to bomb it like they did in 1935! 😂
The higher measurement is just another way of measuring. I personally like it because otherwise one ignores the massive amount to which the mountain actually affects its surrounding area, and disregards a huge volume of volcanic material. Actually a similar thing happens at continental stratovolcanoes and volcanic arcs, like Mt. Rainier and the Cascades. There, the weight of the volcanic edifices causes an “axial graben” to form along the arc, where the stratovolcanoes themselves commonly sit in a sunken trough. Gravitational spreading also occurs in these settings (Mt. Etna is a great example). So I suppose one could measure these stratovolcanoes’ heights starting from the base of their axial grabens-in practice, no one really does this, though.
You’re absolutely right about those EQs and the slipping. As I understand, because all that lava erupted onto seafloor, which is covered by slippery oceanic sediments (albeit relatively thin, given the low levels of sedimentation in the middle of an ocean basin), as the volcanic edifice spreads gravitationally under its own weight, a décollement, or subhorizontal fault/slip surface has formed at the interface between the volcanic pile and the sediments, and that is responsible for some of those earthquakes. Stay safe and enjoy the show!
@@AvanaVana The show is gone here. I'm in the South West rift area, so as the summit activity has diminished and moved further North East, the show has dropped below the summit. Tonight there is no color in the sky at all which is crazy, but makes perfect sense.
I am guessing that the initial fountains Sunday night probably went as high as 2,000 ft judging by the amount of spatter debris and how far away from the fountains it is. Those first 30 minutes were quite spectacular and very bright yellow/orange versus the more common red/orange/pink/purple throughout the rest of the eruption.
Tonight, there is a slight pink/purple/orange thin outline on the silhouette of the summit almost like the last colors of a faded sunset.
The good news is no threat of lava flows this direction for now.
Of course volcanic eruptions are completely unpredictable when it comes to determining surface ruptures, so wait and see is always the way we live.
Thanks for the conversation, not too many people talk to me about things like this because they don't relate, but I understand.
Thanks again.🤙
I love your enthusiasm for the subject! I studied planetary geophysics, but I always loved earthbound geomorphology. This was a joy to watch.
Does the hawaiin seamounts subduct underneath the eurasian plate, or does it turn into accreted terrane?
likely accreted
Listening to you explain all of the nuances of geology and how our planet is shaped by the forces at work that make these changes over time is just fascinating to learn about.
You are a natural speaker who knows very well what you talk about, and I’m grateful to have found your RUclips channel!
Thank you for your expertise in this area and I look forward to seeing your other videos as well. ❤
I'm glad you offered to teach about it, Sir.
It is truly Humbling.
The ongoing Life of the Planet.
I and my brother really enjoy how you teach and explain geology thanks, I look forward to the next one
Thank you, Richard
I knew it was tall - I drove over it. But I had no Idea about the island chain under the water. Thank you, that was fascinating.
Great video Myron. I've always hoped to see Mauna Loa erupt since I was a kid. My family would always vacation in Kona every year and I was always so interested in the volcanoes on the island. I've been following updates on Mauna Loa since 2019 when activity started to uptick. I was very surprised to see the news of the eruption because there wasn't much warning. Anyways great content as always Myron.
Great discussion as always, Professor Cook. Thanks so much this short but highly insightful lecture on volcanoes, plate tectonics, and subduction in the infamous Ring of Fire. You are far beyond brilliant!👍🏼🤝🏼
I love hearing your explanation of how all this comes together, thank you for another really good video! 🌋
Great discussion, professor. Thank you.
Very welcome
You're a teacher in your soul. Thanks for the presentation! 👍♥️
Oh my God this man is so awesome and I learned so much about volcanoes tectonic plates and how everything works, he explains it so damn well it's ridiculous I love him!
Lohi went off 3 hours before Mauna Loa so the flow came from the main chamber of the Hotspot rather than a magma pocket floating upwards. Yellowstone has a magma pocket floating up in the North East corner that's detached from the main magma chamber. Pockets of magma are still floating up in Haleakala in Maui that are distanced away from the main chamber. They recently even found a hot spring in Kaui and they thought it was extinct. The hot spot trails under all the islands but the main chamber thankfully is under the East coast of the Big Island, looks like she's tapping it.
What is the source of “Loihi went off 3 hours before Mauna Loa“? Do you mean there was an underwater eruption on the seamount? The last update by the Hawaii volcanoes observatory on Loihi was November 3. No significant activity was noted.
@@aey808 there is a single RUclips video claiming that a heat signature was detected by a GOES sat. 3 hours before in the area of Loihi. The validity of the claim made in the video is questionable.
@@RobBernhard just say it.. Dutchsinse is the one who made that claim. 😂
This needs more upvotes 👆
@@Tme3316 if you're using the same source as the original RUclipsr making a claim then you have not added a data point.
I just wish we could live millions of years to truly see and experience the majesty of our planet.
You're my new favorite geologist/Earth scientist. Thank you for the educational content!
Also, cool hat
Beautifully presented, with so much gentle enthusiasm.
Wonderful teaching video form a USGS Geologist who has a wonderful talent for bringing parts of the life cycle of a Volcano to where it si interesting and very revealing.
Hi Myron. In 1980 I was sitting on top of Haleakala on the island of Maui at about midnight when the volcano Kilauea started to erupting for the first time on the Big Island. I stayed up till 4 am watching it unfold. It is still erupting to this day. Will never forget it.
Interesting
I love this! Back in the 80s and 90s, my family lived in Micronesia (Pohnpei and Palau) and it’s because of this, island formation fascinates me! We also lived in the Sierra Nevada, Bryce Canyon and other places because my father was a rolling stone. Plus, living all those places has giving me an appreciation of the diverse geological features here on Earth. I’m so glad you explained how atolls and barrier reefs form because not too many people are aware of those geological features. I was fortunate to talk a specialized college level marine biology class as a high schooler and there was a lot of focus on island creation.
I may have tuned out for a moment as I started to formulate my comment (ADD), but did you mention there will be a new Hawaiian Island soon; that is to say, in geological time? Loihi is the name and I’m sure someone has pointed this out already, so forgive the redundancy if they have.
But as always, thanks for the videos and explanations as a geologist. It’s a joy to learn from a scientist how these features were formed!
Wow, what an experience living those places must have been. I actually only heard about Pohnpei for the first time yesterday when I came across an article on Pohnpeian language…and funny enough, here’s someone who lived there. :)
@@AvanaVana Ha! Isn’t I funny when that happens? Palau is much more popular because it’s famous for its diving, but Pohnpei is definitely worth a visit! But I’m intrigued at your process of stumbling across Pohnpei by searching languages? Most people just want to escape to a remote tropical paradise!
Extremely interesting as always sir. I was in gradeschool when I first heard of tectonics . My teacher was sure it wasn't right.
This is such a spectacular event. Thank you for this fine program.
I learn SO much from your videos. Excellent way of explaining. I’m from Hawaii, and remember the ‘84 eruption. One request. Please pronounce it Mauna KAY’ uh, not Mauna KEY’ uh. Thank you.
Will do!!!!!!!!
Thank you for the education and listenable discussion Prof Cook! 🧡📓
Thank You, Myron! I'm enjoying my chill Sunday morning with random selection of your videos. (And, oc various channels updates from Icelands ongoing eruption!)
Greetings from Värmland county, Sweden 🙌🏼
I really enjoy your analog demos!
Excellent! Very helpful explanation and visuals!!
Thank You Myron.... I was very busy doing something else important. When I saw your newest broadcast I stopped what I was doing & watched!!!!!!! 🙂..... TM
Thanks for taking your time to explain. It’s so intriguing to me to learn about all of this .
When I was going to school in the dark ages, I didn’t realize a girl could go into the sciences and never was exposed to anything but the most basic. I have recently become fascinated by geology, (as well as paleontology and anthropology) and have immensely enjoyed your videos @myroncook, thank you. Sometimes you are way over my head, but I keep listening and learning!
The geography teacher I wish I had in school. That was awesome. Thank you.
I find it amazing that the "Hot Spot" remains stationary as the Pacific Plate is relentlessly moving across it to the northwest!
It is also incredible that the Hawaii Hot Spot has existed since the Cretaceous, if not longer. The idea that it has been in constant existence pouring out lava for at least 70 million years is simply mind-boggling!
Another great video!!! Thank you Mr Cook !!! Very good info indeed!!!
Thanks - great presentation - I know geology well - and I like the way you simplify it and the drawings WOW, humm what is your hat brand - I wear hats🤠
I think that Mr. wilson was at the University og Toronto. I was in a geology class at UofT in 1960 with professor Peter Peach and he talked about plate tectonics and how it was at that time considered a radical theory still. So it has been interesting to me to see how it has finally been embraced. I remember when catastrophic event were poo pooed too. How times change.
Mr. Cook, you are a marvelous teacher. Thank you so much for making this video.
Great discussion on plate tectonics and volcanic island genesis, simple and very informative: thank you Dr. Cook.
Glad you enjoyed it!
@@myroncook - you might appreciate Dutchsinse channel who also discusses the seamount chain
Thanks Myron, each video is a masterclass in teaching the wonders of the world.
Wow, thanks
Thank you, this was so interesting. Your videos are a marvelous refresher course, 50 years after graduation!
Nice. I'm curious about the dragon-shaped structure on the sea floor south of the Hawaiian chain (see at 5:00). It must have an interesting history, although perhaps not as straightforward, as the Hawaiian islands.
I love the way you spell it all out. You come down to the layman's level, and speak with a calm, soothing voice. I did know about the seamount chain and plate tectonics because I watch Nick Zentner a lot. I learn a lot fom watching him too.
Dutchsinse channel discusses the 'seamount chanin' as well. he's posting just about daily now. Also check Dutchsinse recent post re: Lohi seamount (just off Hawaii) erruption 3hrs BEFORE Mauna Loa
@@glory5918 Shawn Willsey is also good.
Sir! This is the first time I got the complete picture of how the atolls form. Thank you so much Sir.
Prof. Cook thank you so much for this explanation it ties very closely with a public lecture series on Baja-BC currently put on by Prof. Nick Zentner also available on YT.
I didn't know the chain of Hawaii was that long that's crazy how one hot spot can continue for millions of years
Volcanoes are so pretty. Thanks for this wonderful class.
knew a bunch of this but in the back of my mind i'd been wondering why every atoll looks so similar. never even once thought to look it up. subscribed.
Great Stuff! What a good and easy to hear communicator you are, thanks from the middle of Missouri.
Was excited to hear about Mauna Loa and nearly as excited when I saw you had released a video on it. Now off to watch more videos on atolls. Thanks, Professor!
I'd looked for some information about this eruption, and your explanation was by far the best I've seen. I got a decent picture from the USGS scientist, but he used a lot of jargon I'm not familiar with. The Google Earth model and even the dry erase board model were quite helpful in understanding these processes. I feel I could even show these to my young sons to help them understand.
Excellent video & you've earned a subscription from me!
Thank you, Andrew
Thanks for another interesting and entertaining lesson sir.
Such a fascinating evolution of an Islands lifespan.
I've watched several of your videos and I really enjoy them and learn a lot. Thanks.
I could listen to you and talk with you for hours on the geological subjects. I can see the passion you have and wonder in your eyes for this fields of science. It is so amazing how we take for grant the land we walk on. It is constantly moving...albeit very slow for us but fast for the geological clock. Only time we ever see a major land shift quickly is of course volcanoes and earth quakes. I never knew the islands of the pacific were moving north....if we had a device that allowed us to actually watch the movement (not computer generated) and see the final position of the main Hawaiian island after 100 million years in a few seconds how amazing that would be. Thank you for making and sharing your videos.
You are an absoulte crack!! Love your videos!!
very well presented again mate thank you, I loved 'for controversial reasons'
Was that a nod and a wink to. magnetic pole shifts?
I Really enjoyed your talk. To be able to explain in layman's terms is a true gift. Although I had to pause twice to get up and see if my 'atolls' had shifted.
😂
I have learned, and I have enjoyed it greatly! No such thing as too much understanding. Thanks for taking the time to share your knowledge 🙂
Excellent Video! Thank You!
WOW!An exceptional discription! Easy to understand while still so informative! You are a GREAT teacher!🌋💝🌋
Only 8 videos!? Well I want more
Your channel has become my new addiction. I'm learning so much from both you and your followers. Thank you so much!
thanks!
Loihi off the coast of Hawaii also erupted several hours earlier before Mauna loa started spewing lava
Loʻihi apparently wasn't good enough. The seamount was re-named to Kamaʻehuakanaloa in 2021.
Thank you so much sir!!! You and the information you give is fascinating!
Interesting Fact:
It's the first time in recorded history that Kilauea and Mauna Loa are erupting at the same time.
Both can be viewed from Volcanoes Natl Park.
Kilauea was actually erupting when Mauna Loa's 1984 eruption started.
@@dragonridley So, you are correcting the USGS. Thanks.
@@peekaboo6622 Could I see a source for that?
I'm going based on a USGS paper about Kilauea's activity in 1983-1984. (pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1463, see pages 100-101 of the PDF). "For the first time in 65 years, Mauna Loa and Kilauea were in simultaneous eruption."
Thank you for teaching!! ❤❤
You are an excellent teacher, thank you. 🙏
I see a 12 min video, I think, 2 mins worth of info, 10 mins jabber....NO! Not this time. Millions of years of info PACKED into 12 mins. Nicely done.
I really appreciate your information. We’re on Hawaii Island experiencing this. We experienced the Kilauea eruption in 2018. Thanks for elaborating on the process. We just tend to hope for the best.We do pay attention to information from the USGS.
Very cool. I had never really thought much about atoll formation before. Thanks for the video Mr. Myron!
I'm studying to become a volcanologist. Your videos, and similar are always welcome reminders on the wonders I hope to work with hands on.
3k views in 3 hrs.....killin' it man!
Awesome! I also crack up when he’s says Mauna Keeea ❤
I'm getting a lot of comments on my pronunciation! I should have looked it up before I did the video. I now know thanks to my viewers!
@@myroncook Sir, I think you are great. Very smart and knowledgeable!! Don’t change a thing. I hope I didn’t offend you. No disrespect. And please keep doing more on our Mauna Loa eruption. 🥰
Thank you for that succinct explanation of the Hawaiian chain. That "bend" has bugged me of years. I think I'm leaning in the camp of the plates shifting in a new direction. I think that the pacific plate started meeting more resistance from the North American plate, causing it to the Pac plate to shift westward. I don't think it's any coincidence that the Pac plate is moving directly perpendicular to the Marianna trench. Perhaps caused by the emergence of the Juan de Fuca/ Cocos plates?
Sorry, I'm not a geologist, just a layman trying to understand how it works. I love your video series.
You sound very knowledgable! Search on RUclips for " How the Pacific got its bend" and you will find some good info. I think similar to you.
why do all geologists look like this?
How did Coral Castle form?
Aloha from my little slice of paradise in Ocean View - 4000' up Mauna Loa 🤙
Outstanding! So very interesting and you explain it so well! Thank you!
Glad it was helpful!
Looking forward to more geological videos.
Thank you Mr. Cook. Great explanation in simple terms. I've been watching as the last time she erupted, I was at Hickam AFB on Oahu, and my youngest daughter is now stationed at USCG Honolulu. Truly impressive in its beauty.
The Brady Bunch backstory. *Don Ho/Scarface fusion voice* 'First you get the Lava, then you get the Tiki, then you get the Braaadys.'
Hello my friend I'm very glad that I could leave a message well I've want to inform you that the FISSURE 8 FROM kelawea volcanio came out from calexico ca same day that the vivus came out in year 2018 I'm so I'm wanting to know more about the fissure 8 if you have information please let me know and if you want to find more I've could let you know more information and tell you exactly from were it came out 💘 the beautiful girl from Calexico CA Kings of the valley Egypt
If you look at the Aleutian Islands and the extended Hawaiian Islands, they both seem to make the same northwestern turn about the same time. Is the same thing that caused the Hawaiian Islands to make this turn the same thing that caused the Aleutian Islands turn?
Wow, 8 million years and moving fast. So the hot spot must have been under China. So in another 8 million years it might crash into a spot on the west coast, like Yellowstone. Amazing geology of our planet.
Great! Thanks
So if I get it right, Hawaii is heading full-on into Hokkaido ? Okay, but then where is Japan/Hokkaido headed for?...I don´t assume Japan remains stuck.
I was aware that the Hawaiian chain does not end with Hawaii proper (the Midway atolls somehow are part of it too and are often forgotten), but never heard of an Emperor seamount chain before that connects with the former....learned something new ! 👍😊
i saw on news there's sum underwater volcanism goin on sum distance off japan..right now in the
wintery cold..i wonder is this how ther got 2 b a 30 foot snowfall in 72 hrs?🤔 sum kind of a record a way back when🤔facinating but scary 2..imagine if the whole mid atlantic ridge techtonic plate openeded up like a zipper and spewed water in2 atmoshere..walla!!😲 2 miles ice above our heads in no time 🤔
Great video great insight great explanation
Keep up the GREAT WORK THANKS!!
a = ah
e = ay as in d[ay]
i = ee as in k[ey]
o = oh
u = as in Winnie the p[oo]h
Mauna Loa = [Moun]tain-[ah] [Low]-[ah]
Mauna Kea = [Moun]-[ah] [KAY]-[ah]
Hawaiian words are super easy to pronounce.
No disrespect, it just hurts my ears to hear.
I don't know... don't think they have black raspberries... thinking Va is prettier and tastier! Nice place to visit though
The Hawaiian hots spot certainly seems to be the most consistent hot spot track with its marvelously long extent its worth noting that unlike other hot spots the chain doesn't lead back to a known Large Igneous Province so that tells us that the hot spot has been erupting for more than 80 million years i.e. that is a lower limit of age given how vigorous this hotspot's activity is compared even to younger hotspots I can only ponder at the true age of this monstrous plume fed hotspot!
Regarding the bend in the Emperor Hawaiian chain that mystery is quite interesting on its own but there does seem to have been a lot of changes occurring along the plate boundaries of the Pacific during the Eocene, admittedly most of those big changes were earlier in time compared to the seamount shift those changes in the plate boundaries i.e. times relative to the PETM(Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum) but tectonic processes can take place over many millions of years and thus there could potentially still be some relationship there.
Could it have anything to do with North America Subducting parts of the East Pacific Rise including what, based on seismic tomography, appears to have been a very long transform jump so perhaps losing part of that under NA may have contributed?.
We should probably also note that in addition to normal erosion many of the older islands have lost much of their edifice to submarine landslides of enormous proportions.
Also having been watching Geology Hub for a while now there is some evidence for increasingly infrequent eruptions rather than a hard cut off after all the most recent well dated eruption on Oahu was some 36,000 years ago and that complex has been for the last million years been erupting on average about once per 40,000 years hence it may statistically speaking be premature to call it extinct. even if the odds of it erupting again are quite slim. This is more a comment on how calling volcanos extinct is tricky. ;)
Mauna Loa began to shut down as my plane landed on the Big Island, and that night at the fissure most of the crazy show was over. Then I went to Kilauea, and the next day it too, was done. But I was blessed by this wonder in ways I cannot describe. Our beautiful mother still has pimples and acne, as she gives birth to life, and demonstrates that she is far from dotage :) Very far, indeed! Subscribed!
Great video 🤙 I’m not a scientist , geologist or professor but an outsider looking in. Is it fair to say that the Hotspot is fed from the earths Core and not from the Mantle. If the Hotspot remains in a relatively same position while the plate moves, it’s like a lazar cutting through , so to speak. To remain closely in the same position for millions of years would it need a source like coming from the Core ?
I did see a YT vid by eiffilms - Hawaii Volcano Drill , they mentioned Mauna Kea had a special mineral Helium3 which they suggested came from near the Core
Does the controversy over the change in direction of island/seamount formation have anything to do with Hapgoods crustal shift? It might be a good video for you to create discussing the pros and cons of his theory. I recently found your channel and am enjoying it very much. If your profession wasn't teaching then I'd say you missed your calling cause you're excellent at it! Looking forward to your next video.
At your 8:13 time, this is going to be complicated how to explain so sorry.
The bulge in (lower left ) (what time line is this ?)(don't know if your going to show it ?) pushed (faster/easier to push against) against the plate moving above , is this a time period of when the (energetically ) California pushing against the (main part of north america) Dutchsense shows it as the main part of North America with the west side of that being pushed against it.
It is the wrong word sorry, I see undersea (?wash ) there like the one East side of Panama area as if it had been gel liquid then solidified almost the same as the bottom of South America.
Interesting at some point the forces were reduced to allow the change of force of the plate. It didn't rotate so something changed? Always have found Geology interesting.
as a Marine, i spent time on the islands... never really appreciated them and just wanted off of them... but with this kind of explanation of them... well, now, i want to go back and study them ... thank you for giving the insight
It is sad, to organize underwater expeditions is impossible without a profit. There so lot of things, that could be checked at least according to Hawaiian islands trace. Extremely not enough scientific documentary data.
About 2007, I proposed that the bend in the island chain was caused by the Indian sub-continent slamming into Asia, which somehow caused a kink and caused it to change direction. I was at the Bishop Museum in Honolulu, watching Science on a Sphere, when I noticed that the change in direction coincided with India slamming into Asia.
13,796 feet = approx 4.2 km and about 2.61 miles (if you're old school LOL)
How about demanding NASA and the ISS video this awesome event for scientific evaluation ..they owe at least this to taxpayers !
You didn't tell me anything that I didn't already know. But I watched the whole video, because you've got such a nice personality and presentation.