Six strategies for effective learning from the mentioned article “Teaching the science of learning”: 1. Spaced practice - Instead of studying it all within a short time. 2. Interleaving - Switching between topics while studying. 3. Retrieval practice - Bringing learned information to mind from long-term memory. 4. Elaboration - Asking and explaining why and how things work. 5. Concrete examples - illustrating abstract concepts with specific examples. 6. Dual coding - Combining words with visuals.
for future reference Fluency of the text < Mastery of the concept -- To Learn, Retrieve (Retrieval Practice) Other methods mentioned: Spacing, Interleaving, Elaboration, Generation, and Reflection
2 minutes in, and saying "you understand how it's written, and the words used, but not the concepts involved" speaks volumes. I've been learning a language for almost two years, and the majority of what I've learned has been from reading books and trying to remember. So often, I can hear or read a word, recognize that I've seen it before (because my brain memorized the word), but I have no idea what it means because I didn't actually associate the words with a meaning, I just remembered that the word is a word I should know.
Some 27 years ago I passed The Knowledge of London which is an extremely difficult series of tests one has to pass in order to drive a Black Taxi in London. It entails learning and memorising usually visually approximately 60000 streets and roads plus every train station, hospital club etc etc. what I was initially told everything that has a name, then being able to recite from memory point A to point B naming every road and roundabout you would travel on. Only about 6% of students who embark on this actually pass and it generally takes 3 to 4 years. It is a very methodical process involving many hours riding a moped over and over on the streets of London writing down various points of interest. Then reciting the runs over and over and over. All the exams are verbal in which you sit in front of an examiner and they will ask you two points and you have to recite the journey from A to B without faltering. The number of tests varies I believe, but think I had about 20 of these tests ‘appearances’ as they are called. I guess that the retrieval process is the key to learning something thoroughly. In a study a few years ago on tests carried out on London Black Taxi drivers they found that the drivers actually had larger hippocampi than average the hippocampus plays a major role in studying and remembering.
@@username00009 we used to I guess the money was very good for quite a while I still think its OK financially but nothing like it was. Plus the prestige of having undertaken and passed such a rigorous testing system.
@@username00009 also the fact that you rarely if ever needed to refer to sat nav during a shift. When I first passed sat navs didn't even exist not in the real world anyway.
Reminds me NASA old school 'computers.' These were people who could do all of the math needed for scientists. Then the machine computers gradually advanced.
This is the best book in history, I confirmed that this is science-based information that transformed me into a great student, I read it a few years ago and I learned French, English and even math applying these techniques. It really shows you the art of learning. 😊, thank you so much for your contribution
I hope this book will help me because we live in an extremely competitive world now where intelligence is the biggest asset you can have that will make you survive. It scares me sometimes that I feel i am not smart enough to become successful in life while others can :(
Oh my. Mr Genetics, what an assumptions. 1. It's also an extremely collaborative world. Nations, organisations, communities are all also large collaborations. 2. I'm extremely smart (in some ways) but not as successful as many people who are way less intelligent, but just are more focussed and don't give up. And thirdly, your survival is more and more in the hands of global politics and or our capability to change course, away from our terribly polluting industrial methods. Perhaps go make a difference and seek a job that pays you to do so. As times get worse, the need for such people will rise.
I read the book, a lot of the studies, from what I read, didn’t have computer science or software engineering students involved. There are some things that sounded familiar, like generative learning. By familiar, it sounded like project based learned has parallels to the generative learning in the book. The book talks about spaced repetition and active recall. The thing I’ve learned while working in tech is we may not actively recall things we have learnt (example is DSA, unless your code base or team uses them a lot). I forgot C++ and Java because I don’t actively code in it because my job requires me to use Golang. What I took from it was that it made me feel at ease because I would stress out I would have to remember everything. But the book made me feel better that we naturally forget over time. It did ring true for programming, generative learning and getting your feet wet is very effective, so I changed my approach to learning by writing more code. The book also mentions testing yourself and your understanding, so I’ve applied TDD to assert if things work as I understand. An example is when I’m learning a new package or framework. Another interesting thing I’ve been doing is SQR4 while reading technical books, even when I watch videos. The book by Tiago Forte is also good because when learning technology, is good to get the essentials out. Doing breadth search style learning is good too. Understand the foundational or fundamental stuff and you can choose to go further in depth of a topic later. Given things are abstracted, treat things as a black box and then go deeper by understanding it’s implementation, etc.
I've done a university course in learning which I believe taught everything in this book (I will read to confirm). One of the biggest takeaways or quotes that stuck with me besides spaced interleaved repetition and active recall/tests was how you actually perceive information. The exact quote was something along the lines of "for information to be successfuly stored and recalled from LTM (long term memory), it must be successfuly tied to information which is already stored in long term memory". There's a huge focus on not just knowing the underlying concepts but thinking about how they interact with other information, the more you associate new information with what you already know, the stronger your neural networks will become. I feel like this really hits the nail on the head for what is important about learning, it's like the difference between incorporating the information into how you evaluate or think in general verse just having a data point stored but never accessed. Although you can remember things simply through "rote" learning, it is likely that said information won't be drawn upon when needed in different circumstances.
@@ren137c "for information to be successfuly stored and recalled from LTM (long term memory), it must be successfuly tied to information which is already stored in long term memory" - isn't this how memory palaces work? 4 months ago I created a fictional shopping list stored in my front/living room. I still remember that list today.
@@russelllapua4904 I believe so. The basic principle is extremely straightforward, the more times a connection is made the stronger it gets, and to remember it in context you need to actively creat that connection. The more you can tie a new piece of information to existing information, the easier it's going to be to recall. There was a another study that called it "radiant learning" or something like that, with the main idea being to actively show how the information "radiates" into other ideas. That study in particular had a huge emphasis on using mind maps with lots of visuals so you can actually see a physical representation of how the information is linked. There's quite a bit of research on the effectiveness of mind maps, especially when they are accompanied with relevant imagery (this mind map could take the form of a palace with rooms and you can choose to visualise it as such). I could and have written essays on the matter, it is a really interesting field. I always thought academia wasn't for me and that I couldn't learn but now I'm confident I can learn or do anything. If you are currently enrolled in a university and have access to their research portals, make use of it to read up on some papers focussed around learning.
To anyone who hasn't watched the video, don't bother. He just tells you to go read "Make it Stick" in order to learn these magic learning techniques, but still finds the time to plug his sponsor.
Agreed - it's a bait and switch with a tagline to draw your interest in with the promise of learning something useful. After he pitches his sponsor, the rest of the material he presents is a lazy cop-out excuse instead of *ACTUALLY* presenting the material. I'd rather just read & buy the book myself. What a sham.
As an educator I personally find „it sticks the most“ when I have to explain/teach it (the information or new knowledge) to others; engaging and reflecting the material. I enjoy this type of books so this one made it on my wish list.
I agree. I think the reason is when you learn something just for yourself you only need one narrative to hold it in your mind which is fine ... for you. If you have to teach that concept to other people the way you explain a thing, which might make perfect sense to you might not make sense to anyone else. So you generally have to think of about three or four other ways to explain the same concept coming at it from different angles and generally deepening your understanding of the concept in the first place. I could be wrong though 🙂
which is retrieval :) I also learn best when I have to teach it to someone else. All the fuzzy things for me gain clarity as I help others through those same fuzzy concepts.
I used to have a fake audience to present to when I had to study things in college. "They" were especially dimwitted and repeatedly asked the same question on hard topics. 😂
Retrieval is such a wrong word. I guess it has been used as we have been misusing the word remember. To retrieve is to bring something back from somewhere (hence Golden Retrievers :0). However, what is actually described is reconstructing what we have learned. More like telling your own story. Information can be retrieved, but learning is more like exercise. The Brain is a muscle and not a computer memory bank. Etymologically remember comes from re+ memor. So it is like retrieval. However, I have given it different twist. When we learn something, the information is stored into different parts (sensory etc) so the process of putting into memory is more like dismembering. When you sit back and ruminate over the learned material, you actually re+member: put all the parts together. These strengths the pathways of learning. If the dis-membered information is pegged with multiple links (like dual coding) The whole process of re+membering becomes rich and deep. See how we can have vivid memories of silly incidence of past which have given us multiple links (smell, color, music etc) and we have relived or retold it to others many times, they seem to just come alive like movies. That is how we can create learning spaces and not by AI driven flat-screen numbness
I came to the realization much to late to do much about it. When I realized that if I'm interested in something, I just seem to absorb it. If and when I'm not interested, it just regardless of what, doesn't stick. After leaning Arithmetic in 8 years of grade school. My first year of high school envolve learning varioius forms of Mathematics. Algabra for one, was like trying to understand someone speaking a different language than the only one I knew. And I failed Math in the first three years of high school. Then in my Senior year, the Math became interesting. And I managed to learn everything the previous three year's had tried to teach me. And everything the current year had to offer in regards to Math. All within the first six months of the school year. I don't know if it was due to the new teacher or something just happened within me. But when Math became interesting to ME. I couldn't get enough of it.
Is it better than 'How to learn' by Barbara Oakley in your opinion? Some Chinese Woman said, in response to a video I saw on creating a note card system index ("Zettel-something"), that she was required to memorise a textbook or two in Med School, she just wrote them on note cards and would practice remembering what was on the cards. Spaced Repetition.
@@pepperpeterpiperpickled9805 I used the program Obsidian for Zettelkasten, but now I want to switch to handwritten (digital) cards. Depending on what you want to learn obsidian might work for you. Note that the Zettelkasten method is different to spaced repetition (but the two methods work well together). For spaced repetition I used Anki but now I use mnemosyne. Both programs are great.
@@eloitorrents2439 It's cool you're seeing what works for you. Someone on the fluent in 3 months podcast said a lot of people use Anki to great success. My idea is to do zettelkasten/mind-maps written out by hand and spaced repetition with some retrieval practice thrown in. How do you feel about memory palaces? I'd love a memory palace method that doesnt include the "walking through your house mentally" aspect
@@pepperpeterpiperpickled9805 Nice, I think that Zettelkasten works best by hand. I use memory palaces for short term memory only. I use some paths that I know well, but it is difficult to find a lot of very different locations. Some years ago I made one in my house with 52 places to memorize a deck of cards. I don't remember every place now, but I could redo it very easily if I needed. Someday I would like to build a memory palace from scratch and try if it works well for long term memory. For long term memory I tried the major system. The images that I used were very bad (because they need to follow the phonetic constrains). Instead I think it could be better to pick a list of 1000 recognizable items and associate a number 000-999 to each one of them and learn it. Have you tried something similar for long term memory?
The first time through the book, mark everything that seems important. Then if you felt the book was good in general, revisit it later to read just the parts you marked, and copy out your understanding in your own words, to a journal. Revisit it when you read other books on the same or related subjects.
For the focus issue, avoid autofocus, generally. Then, avoid long/zoomed shots, as the create a shallow depth of field. Have the focal length just wide enough to ensure a reasonable depth of field, such that your face and whatever you are holding are both in focus, always. Just a tip from my experience. Also, in the room shot, use a lavalier / lapel microphone. The mic needs to be close to the subject to minimzie echo and room noise. Lapel mic works like a champ, and is cheap.
the problem that, there is no learning method that fits everybody, one method may work for you, the other may not. There is no boiler plate methods that fits everybody. Learning requires motivation and effort.
For what it's worth, here's my approach. When I read a text book, from time to time, I will stop and think about what I just read, how it fits into whatever I already know about the subject and what questions I have that haven't been answered. In class, I never took notes, I listened to the teacher and thought about what he said and asked questions, lots of questions. It's not about retrieval, though that's often what they test you on. It's about understanding the subject. In the end that is the purpose of learning.
While retrieval is an important aspect of learning, one thing I think this book seems to be missing is the entire aspect of encoding strategies and how to minimize extraneous cognitive load when assessing yourself
That books sounds quite "heavy". I recommend "Moonwalking with Einstein". It's an excellent non-fiction book on memory, imagination, perception and the relationship between these attributes of intelligence. It's really about making learning fun and that I think is the real key to learning anything. When you can figure out how or why you should genuinely care about something, that's it, things fall into place and you do the work, except doing the work doesn't feel like work, it feels like fun.
I remember about 4 or 5 years ago, my violin professor recommended this book even for the context of violin playing. I never bought it, because shortly thereafter I started a full time job. But yes, it must clearly be good.
One Simple Technique to "Absorbing Information/Knowledge is to star with what you DO KNOW about a subject, however Simple. Then ADD directly to that Knowledge something new. Repeat your new information and go on. Secondly it can be very useful to not learn in a "Linear" fashion, like reading through a book on a sequence of Kings and Queens , although of course the links are there. Going g to a library for example and Reading what takes the MOST INTEREST about a given Subject in a relaxed manner very quickly builds knowledge. Regard this as like a giant picture puzzle poured out on a desk, the more those aspects of a Subject take your interest in an "ad hoc " way, the quicker the overal "picture" - base knowledge grows!!!!
I disagree. Learning is not based on how well you can regurgitate information. Reading a book once and then trying to quiz yourself a bunch of times doesn't mean you'll understand it anymore than you did before you read it. Look at the book title, make an assumption of what the book will say, then read the book. This method implores you to use your brain constructively, which prepares you for a critical analysis of what the book is trying to teach. While you read, ask questions like, "If [blank] is true, what does [blank] mean." Whether you're reading a novel or a dictionary, asking questions and answering them transcends beyond the words of a piece of paper. A computer can house the knowledge of millions of surgeons, that doesn't mean your computer will be performing medical operations anytime soon. Testing only ensures book knowledge, not the experiences that a well written book can provide. Asking yourself questions you don't have the answer to, making assumptions about those answers, and then testing those assumptions by making observations based in reality or by reading more allows you to have working knowledge of a book, not just the words contained within it.
I think the scope of the video is academic learning, and i don't know the channel but it seems about Python which means the content they generally learn is maths who doesn't need to be reconsidered but remembered. Yet I share your opinion, especially for litterature of ideas like philosophy.
@Vincent Vassaux Even math and programming can benefit from what I'm talking about to an extent. Math uses basic Arabic numerals and logical operations represented by signs. Once you know those basic things, many mathematical concepts can be predicted as they were discovered by people throughout history. You won't get everything right when making assumptions, but it will strengthen your perception of math. The same goes for programming, especially when it intersects math. Once you know the basic definitions of a programming language (syntax), you'll be able to transfer your programming skills from another language. Those skills, which are the main difficulty for new programmers, require more than memorization. Yes, some things will be muscle memory at some point, but a majority of programming is about using your head to solve problems. That's why tools like scratch exist, to improve those skills at an early age.
These work. In fact, you will transform into a world detective using them because you will have to actually understand the principles of what you are learning. Want to be known as a deep thinker? Be a deep learner. Want to be seen as the one who can really explain an idea and win people over? Practice explaining to yourself!
Fine, if it's voluntary, but us types with various disorders feel compelled to understand EVERYTHING from first principles and that can be a bit of a roadblock. Discrimination is important.
I have already read make it stick and in my opinion ' learn like a pro ' by barbara oakley is better overall and it had provided me more useful knowledge then make it stick . I would recommend everyone to read learn like a pro , after that if u have time then u can read books like make it stick .
Do you think that the audiobook version would be just as good, or just use the paper version? Thank you for all your videos, they are truly inspiring. Could you also do one on being able to memorize as well?
I like audio books, but for this one I think the print version is better. I'm not sure how easy it would be to access the citations and suggested reading in the audiobook.
The audiobook version is excellent. Peter C. Brown is a professional storyteller and has an extraordinarily attention-holding voice. You won’t be bored.
@@llonden6998 (grin) so, If I'm hearing you right, you haven't been able to make it stick. You have to keep listening to it over and over again. Hmm, that seems like a problem. -- forgive me, I'm sleep deprived right now and that's just my wacky sense of humor which is probably only funny to me. Hope you have a great day, and thanks for your input on the audiobook I'm going to pick it up
The paper's abstract, alone, makes me want to pull my hair out. By the time I'm on the third sentence, I've completely forgotten the first. It's far too wordy and there's a lot of extra guff in there that I don't need to know. Why couldn't they just write: "Science can help us find effective techniques for learning. This tutorial review explains six that have been robustly researched and tested." That's all I needed from the abstract. I'll certainly remember the gist of it now that I've translated it to something my Aspie/ADHD brain can handle.
What i'd like to know is how much basic human function differs when neurodivergence is taken into account do peope with adhd and/or autism learn the same?
I read this book when it came out. It‘s a top top book many educators out there ignore. Do yourself a favor and read this… it‘ll change it all for you. Good luck!
Great video, thanks! I just discovered your channel today by watching your intro do Python virtual environments for beginners and knew I found a channel I'd like when you had the Maxwell's equations behind you. I was literally wearing a t-shirt with Maxwell's equations when I watched the video. Really appreciate the great content and presentation style!
Interesting, I've just ordered the book. I'm always a little cautious with "advice for life"-books. Even based on "solid scientific research". Take Mike Tyson or Muhammad Ali. The best of the best. What made them so good? None of them was "textbook" boxers. Very personal and unusual styles. Neither of them would probably have their unique career, if they boxed the traditional way. The scientific and "tested and approved" way. They were allowed to develop differently because of very smart and skilled trainers seeing their natural talent. Build for someting else. But I ordered the book, I have my style of learning, learned through practice, but I always seek new information and improvement.
I'm sorry to correct you, but Mike Tyson commented on many interviews that he always enjoyed learning boxing history (opposed to what most people think) and he might be one of the best versed boxers about boxing history. He was also a learning machine. He wasnt unorthodox, he applied his knowledge to near perfection when focused and prepared. However, to your point I dont know about Muhammad Ali.
@@leandrocasal615 Hi, it's fine, respectful arguments are pleasant. I did not call for "not knowing'" about anything. I talked about being able to think completely out of the box, seeing possibilities no one else can see. Mike Tyson and Ali had boxing styles never seen before. They looked and fought like no one else before. Unique styles. Cus D'Amato was Tyson's traner and Ali had Angelo Dundee. Both trainers was behind many of the best boxers in history. That's the idea, a good trainer can develop training and techniques perfectly adapted to the individual talent. Ali would never be able to box like Tyson and vice versa. But both knew everything to know about boxing. I guess many great talents has been destroyed by poor trainers unable to read and understand the talent. We see kids dumping out of school, unable to follow the education system,- but they later learns that their real problem was high IQ and boredom with the slow pace. Marcus Hutchins, perhaps the best hacker and security guy in the world, never took any education. Teachers told him he was without any talent. Today, top level universities invites him to give lectures how he handles IT security. He is unique and brilliant. He still has no formal education, but the professors wants to learn from him. In this context, read some books about how to learn - make the adjustments suited to you.
@@jrnmadsen2710 I see you point now and agree. Teaching today should focus more on providing tools to students to seek, incorporate and asses knowledge instead of getting to the understanding of the matter at a point in time. If you get a degree at an university today, the knowledge you aquired may have been useful 5 to 10 years ago, therefore you'll have to learn again.
Retrieval is recitation with explanations and reusing and then repurpose what was memorized and learned for something more than just facts taken from a book or tutorial or a classroom lecture?
What you provided was correct but the video should have provided at least 3 concrete examples of how to put it into practice. For textbooks: 1. Memorize the vocab words by covering the answer and being able to recite it accurately without struggling. If some are more difficult, incorporate tricks like grouping, visualizing, or associating. 2. Do the same with the questions at the end of the chapter. 3. Do the same with notes on the side of the page if those seem important. It's actually easy once you've done it a few times. Ace your test.
Oh my bad! For weeks I did not see new video from you, I have been waiting it now I came to your chanel to watch your old videos but here you already uploaded a video and I did not get your chanel notivication . I love watching your videos, thanks for sharing with us this amazing informations
Understanding is superior to memory. Think about how you do things automatically, as opposed to reaching for memory. Memory will slow you down. Understanding is much faster for controlling your physical surroundings.
This is really interesting. No one had to ever teach me this stuff. How do you know if you know something? You have to test yourself. It's weird to me that people think just reading something over and over would ever do anything. Why would you think that would work? How would even know if it worked?
The key in my experience is to read up until a certain point where you get a grasp of the idea, then go off and make further conclusions. Then compare with the book and see if you are right. It works even better with problems. Read about a specific problem in Digraphs for example until you get the basic idea then go come up with your own solution until it works, compare your solution to the book. This style is much more laborious and takes time but you can be sure that you know something when you came up with the same thing that’s in the textbook independently
The article is so poorly written a lot of times you just have to guess what strategy is being briefly explained next to an image. It would be great if you made a video about it
Six strategies for effective learning from the mentioned article “Teaching the science of learning”:
1. Spaced practice - Instead of studying it all within a short time.
2. Interleaving - Switching between topics while studying.
3. Retrieval practice - Bringing learned information to mind from long-term memory.
4. Elaboration - Asking and explaining why and how things work.
5. Concrete examples - illustrating abstract concepts with specific examples.
6. Dual coding - Combining words with visuals.
for future reference
Fluency of the text < Mastery of the concept
-- To Learn, Retrieve (Retrieval Practice)
Other methods mentioned: Spacing, Interleaving, Elaboration, Generation, and Reflection
Thanks
2 minutes in, and saying "you understand how it's written, and the words used, but not the concepts involved" speaks volumes. I've been learning a language for almost two years, and the majority of what I've learned has been from reading books and trying to remember. So often, I can hear or read a word, recognize that I've seen it before (because my brain memorized the word), but I have no idea what it means because I didn't actually associate the words with a meaning, I just remembered that the word is a word I should know.
What visual image did you hang onto the new words?
Some 27 years ago I passed The Knowledge of London which is an extremely difficult series of tests one has to pass in order to drive a Black Taxi in London. It entails learning and memorising usually visually approximately 60000 streets and roads plus every train station, hospital club etc etc. what I was initially told everything that has a name, then being able to recite from memory point A to point B naming every road and roundabout you would travel on.
Only about 6% of students who embark on this actually pass and it generally takes 3 to 4 years.
It is a very methodical process involving many hours riding a moped over and over on the streets of London writing down various points of interest.
Then reciting the runs over and over and over. All the exams are verbal in which you sit in front of an examiner and they will ask you two points and you have to recite the journey from A to B without faltering. The number of tests varies I believe, but think I had about 20 of these tests ‘appearances’ as they are called. I guess that the retrieval process is the key to learning something thoroughly.
In a study a few years ago on tests carried out on London Black Taxi drivers they found that the drivers actually had larger hippocampi than average the hippocampus plays a major role in studying and remembering.
So what’s the incentive to put such effort into a test? Do these taxi drivers make more money than other taxi drivers?
@@username00009 we used to I guess the money was very good for quite a while I still think its OK financially but nothing like it was. Plus the prestige of having undertaken and passed such a rigorous testing system.
@@username00009 also the fact that you rarely if ever needed to refer to sat nav during a shift. When I first passed sat navs didn't even exist not in the real world anyway.
Reminds me NASA old school 'computers.' These were people who could do all of the math needed for scientists. Then the machine computers gradually advanced.
60,000 names to remember. Wow...
This is the best book in history, I confirmed that this is science-based information that transformed me into a great student, I read it a few years ago and I learned French, English and even math applying these techniques. It really shows you the art of learning. 😊, thank you so much for your contribution
ill come back when i can watch anime without subtitles
Bonjour. Cela semble intéressant. Merci pour ton commentaire and i Hope you fully understand mine 😀
@@theguillaume73 oui ami, j’ai atteint le niveau B2 en anglais et en français en utilisant ces techniques, c’est un livre brillant 😊
@@pranomadityagogoi1145 😂
Sounds good.
I hope this book will help me because we live in an extremely competitive world now where intelligence is the biggest asset you can have that will make you survive. It scares me sometimes that I feel i am not smart enough to become successful in life while others can :(
Me too
Don't worry brother, just believe yourself ❤️
Back to feel and awareness ^^
Oh my. Mr Genetics, what an assumptions. 1. It's also an extremely collaborative world. Nations, organisations, communities are all also large collaborations. 2. I'm extremely smart (in some ways) but not as successful as many people who are way less intelligent, but just are more focussed and don't give up. And thirdly, your survival is more and more in the hands of global politics and or our capability to change course, away from our terribly polluting industrial methods. Perhaps go make a difference and seek a job that pays you to do so. As times get worse, the need for such people will rise.
@@yusriplanner4666 Check my answer to Mr Genetics.
I read the book, a lot of the studies, from what I read, didn’t have computer science or software engineering students involved. There are some things that sounded familiar, like generative learning. By familiar, it sounded like project based learned has parallels to the generative learning in the book. The book talks about spaced repetition and active recall. The thing I’ve learned while working in tech is we may not actively recall things we have learnt (example is DSA, unless your code base or team uses them a lot). I forgot C++ and Java because I don’t actively code in it because my job requires me to use Golang. What I took from it was that it made me feel at ease because I would stress out I would have to remember everything. But the book made me feel better that we naturally forget over time. It did ring true for programming, generative learning and getting your feet wet is very effective, so I changed my approach to learning by writing more code. The book also mentions testing yourself and your understanding, so I’ve applied TDD to assert if things work as I understand. An example is when I’m learning a new package or framework. Another interesting thing I’ve been doing is SQR4 while reading technical books, even when I watch videos. The book by Tiago Forte is also good because when learning technology, is good to get the essentials out. Doing breadth search style learning is good too. Understand the foundational or fundamental stuff and you can choose to go further in depth of a topic later. Given things are abstracted, treat things as a black box and then go deeper by understanding it’s implementation, etc.
I've done a university course in learning which I believe taught everything in this book (I will read to confirm). One of the biggest takeaways or quotes that stuck with me besides spaced interleaved repetition and active recall/tests was how you actually perceive information. The exact quote was something along the lines of "for information to be successfuly stored and recalled from LTM (long term memory), it must be successfuly tied to information which is already stored in long term memory". There's a huge focus on not just knowing the underlying concepts but thinking about how they interact with other information, the more you associate new information with what you already know, the stronger your neural networks will become. I feel like this really hits the nail on the head for what is important about learning, it's like the difference between incorporating the information into how you evaluate or think in general verse just having a data point stored but never accessed. Although you can remember things simply through "rote" learning, it is likely that said information won't be drawn upon when needed in different circumstances.
Thanks
@@ren137c "for information to be successfuly stored and recalled from LTM (long term memory), it must be successfuly tied to information which is already stored in long term memory" - isn't this how memory palaces work? 4 months ago I created a fictional shopping list stored in my front/living room. I still remember that list today.
@@russelllapua4904 I believe so. The basic principle is extremely straightforward, the more times a connection is made the stronger it gets, and to remember it in context you need to actively creat that connection. The more you can tie a new piece of information to existing information, the easier it's going to be to recall. There was a another study that called it "radiant learning" or something like that, with the main idea being to actively show how the information "radiates" into other ideas. That study in particular had a huge emphasis on using mind maps with lots of visuals so you can actually see a physical representation of how the information is linked. There's quite a bit of research on the effectiveness of mind maps, especially when they are accompanied with relevant imagery (this mind map could take the form of a palace with rooms and you can choose to visualise it as such). I could and have written essays on the matter, it is a really interesting field. I always thought academia wasn't for me and that I couldn't learn but now I'm confident I can learn or do anything. If you are currently enrolled in a university and have access to their research portals, make use of it to read up on some papers focussed around learning.
To anyone who hasn't watched the video, don't bother. He just tells you to go read "Make it Stick" in order to learn these magic learning techniques, but still finds the time to plug his sponsor.
Absolutely right; thank you! This IS just plugging the book.
I'll just be leaving then. Lol.
Agreed - it's a bait and switch with a tagline to draw your interest in with the promise of learning something useful. After he pitches his sponsor, the rest of the material he presents is a lazy cop-out excuse instead of *ACTUALLY* presenting the material. I'd rather just read & buy the book myself. What a sham.
Thx, I'll just stick to common sense
Thanks. Time for me to unsub
As an educator I personally find „it sticks the most“ when I have to explain/teach it (the information or new knowledge) to others; engaging and reflecting the material. I enjoy this type of books so this one made it on my wish list.
I agree. I think the reason is when you learn something just for yourself you only need one narrative to hold it in your mind which is fine ... for you. If you have to teach that concept to other people the way you explain a thing, which might make perfect sense to you might not make sense to anyone else. So you generally have to think of about three or four other ways to explain the same concept coming at it from different angles and generally deepening your understanding of the concept in the first place. I could be wrong though 🙂
which is retrieval :) I also learn best when I have to teach it to someone else. All the fuzzy things for me gain clarity as I help others through those same fuzzy concepts.
I used to have a fake audience to present to when I had to study things in college.
"They" were especially dimwitted and repeatedly asked the same question on hard topics. 😂
Reflect
Elaborate
Time spaced repetition
Testing self
Retrieval practice
Generating
Interweaving
Retrieval is such a wrong word. I guess it has been used as we have been misusing the word remember. To retrieve is to bring something back from somewhere (hence Golden Retrievers :0). However, what is actually described is reconstructing what we have learned. More like telling your own story. Information can be retrieved, but learning is more like exercise. The Brain is a muscle and not a computer memory bank. Etymologically remember comes from re+ memor. So it is like retrieval. However, I have given it different twist. When we learn something, the information is stored into different parts (sensory etc) so the process of putting into memory is more like dismembering. When you sit back and ruminate over the learned material, you actually re+member: put all the parts together. These strengths the pathways of learning. If the dis-membered information is pegged with multiple links (like dual coding) The whole process of re+membering becomes rich and deep. See how we can have vivid memories of silly incidence of past which have given us multiple links (smell, color, music etc) and we have relived or retold it to others many times, they seem to just come alive like movies. That is how we can create learning spaces and not by AI driven flat-screen numbness
2:09 Retrieval 4:05 Understanding
I came to the realization much to late to do much about it. When I realized that if I'm interested in something, I just seem to absorb it. If and when I'm not interested, it just regardless of what, doesn't stick.
After leaning Arithmetic in 8 years of grade school. My first year of high school envolve learning varioius forms of Mathematics. Algabra for one, was like trying to understand someone speaking a different language than the only one I knew. And I failed Math in the first three years of high school. Then in my Senior year, the Math became interesting. And I managed to learn everything the previous three year's had tried to teach me. And everything the current year had to offer in regards to Math. All within the first six months of the school year. I don't know if it was due to the new teacher or something just happened within me. But when Math became interesting to ME. I couldn't get enough of it.
I've learned the book... as a learner, before being a teacher, it helped me a lot.
Use Your Brain by Tony Buzan was the prime reason I was able to go to University as a mature student.
Is it better than 'How to learn' by Barbara Oakley in your opinion?
Some Chinese Woman said, in response to a video I saw on creating a note card system index ("Zettel-something"), that she was required to memorise a textbook or two in Med School, she just wrote them on note cards and would practice remembering what was on the cards. Spaced Repetition.
zettelkasten
@@eloitorrents2439 10 points to Eloi! do you have experience with it?
@@pepperpeterpiperpickled9805 I used the program Obsidian for Zettelkasten, but now I want to switch to handwritten (digital) cards. Depending on what you want to learn obsidian might work for you.
Note that the Zettelkasten method is different to spaced repetition (but the two methods work well together). For spaced repetition I used Anki but now I use mnemosyne. Both programs are great.
@@eloitorrents2439 It's cool you're seeing what works for you. Someone on the fluent in 3 months podcast said a lot of people use Anki to great success.
My idea is to do zettelkasten/mind-maps written out by hand and spaced repetition with some retrieval practice thrown in.
How do you feel about memory palaces? I'd love a memory palace method that doesnt include the "walking through your house mentally" aspect
@@pepperpeterpiperpickled9805 Nice, I think that Zettelkasten works best by hand.
I use memory palaces for short term memory only. I use some paths that I know well, but it is difficult to find a lot of very different locations. Some years ago I made one in my house with 52 places to memorize a deck of cards. I don't remember every place now, but I could redo it very easily if I needed.
Someday I would like to build a memory palace from scratch and try if it works well for long term memory.
For long term memory I tried the major system. The images that I used were very bad (because they need to follow the phonetic constrains). Instead I think it could be better to pick a list of 1000 recognizable items and associate a number 000-999 to each one of them and learn it. Have you tried something similar for long term memory?
The first time through the book, mark everything that seems important. Then if you felt the book was good in general, revisit it later to read just the parts you marked, and copy out your understanding in your own words, to a journal. Revisit it when you read other books on the same or related subjects.
Good idea!
For the focus issue, avoid autofocus, generally. Then, avoid long/zoomed shots, as the create a shallow depth of field. Have the focal length just wide enough to ensure a reasonable depth of field, such that your face and whatever you are holding are both in focus, always. Just a tip from my experience.
Also, in the room shot, use a lavalier / lapel microphone. The mic needs to be close to the subject to minimzie echo and room noise. Lapel mic works like a champ, and is cheap.
You've named half a method in 6:20 seconds. Not sure if it helps to make a video when your message is "Just read it"
Thanks for doing these learning videos available for everyone, really good job!
Glad you like them!
@gilesmcmullen, do you do amazon affiliate links for the US?
the problem that, there is no learning method that fits everybody, one method may work for you, the other may not. There is no boiler plate methods that fits everybody. Learning requires motivation and effort.
For what it's worth, here's my approach. When I read a text book, from time to time, I will stop and think about what I just read, how it fits into whatever I already know about the subject and what questions I have that haven't been answered. In class, I never took notes, I listened to the teacher and thought about what he said and asked questions, lots of questions. It's not about retrieval, though that's often what they test you on. It's about understanding the subject. In the end that is the purpose of learning.
While retrieval is an important aspect of learning, one thing I think this book seems to be missing is the entire aspect of encoding strategies and how to minimize extraneous cognitive load when assessing yourself
Do you have any examples of works that go over some of this? This is one aspect I struggle with a lot.
That books sounds quite "heavy". I recommend "Moonwalking with Einstein". It's an excellent non-fiction book on memory, imagination, perception and the relationship between these attributes of intelligence. It's really about making learning fun and that I think is the real key to learning anything. When you can figure out how or why you should genuinely care about something, that's it, things fall into place and you do the work, except doing the work doesn't feel like work, it feels like fun.
I’ve read both and this one is better. It is not nearly as heavy as it sounds.
I like "heavy" things. Nothing comes for free.
That idiot in MWE ended the book by talking about how he forgot where he PARKED after getting so good at memorizing things
I remember about 4 or 5 years ago, my violin professor recommended this book even for the context of violin playing. I never bought it, because shortly thereafter I started a full time job.
But yes, it must clearly be good.
Defo gonna have to check this out. I’ll read the paper first. Thanks for this Giles, I’m looking forward to putting these techniques into practice.
One Simple Technique to "Absorbing Information/Knowledge is to star with what you DO KNOW about a subject, however Simple. Then ADD directly to that Knowledge something new. Repeat your new information and go on. Secondly it can be very useful to not learn in a "Linear" fashion, like reading through a book on a sequence of Kings and Queens , although of course the links are there. Going g to a library for example and Reading what takes the MOST INTEREST about a given Subject in a relaxed manner very quickly builds knowledge. Regard this as like a giant picture puzzle poured out on a desk, the more those aspects of a Subject take your interest in an "ad hoc " way, the quicker the overal "picture" - base knowledge grows!!!!
May i say how much I appreciate your channel , truely helpful, great content and wonderful delivery of content
I loved the way the video is short but still structered in a very educative way
I disagree. Learning is not based on how well you can regurgitate information. Reading a book once and then trying to quiz yourself a bunch of times doesn't mean you'll understand it anymore than you did before you read it. Look at the book title, make an assumption of what the book will say, then read the book. This method implores you to use your brain constructively, which prepares you for a critical analysis of what the book is trying to teach. While you read, ask questions like, "If [blank] is true, what does [blank] mean." Whether you're reading a novel or a dictionary, asking questions and answering them transcends beyond the words of a piece of paper. A computer can house the knowledge of millions of surgeons, that doesn't mean your computer will be performing medical operations anytime soon. Testing only ensures book knowledge, not the experiences that a well written book can provide. Asking yourself questions you don't have the answer to, making assumptions about those answers, and then testing those assumptions by making observations based in reality or by reading more allows you to have working knowledge of a book, not just the words contained within it.
I think the scope of the video is academic learning, and i don't know the channel but it seems about Python which means the content they generally learn is maths who doesn't need to be reconsidered but remembered. Yet I share your opinion, especially for litterature of ideas like philosophy.
@Vincent Vassaux Even math and programming can benefit from what I'm talking about to an extent. Math uses basic Arabic numerals and logical operations represented by signs. Once you know those basic things, many mathematical concepts can be predicted as they were discovered by people throughout history. You won't get everything right when making assumptions, but it will strengthen your perception of math. The same goes for programming, especially when it intersects math. Once you know the basic definitions of a programming language (syntax), you'll be able to transfer your programming skills from another language. Those skills, which are the main difficulty for new programmers, require more than memorization. Yes, some things will be muscle memory at some point, but a majority of programming is about using your head to solve problems. That's why tools like scratch exist, to improve those skills at an early age.
2:00 retrieval. Test yourself
I never highlight text inside books. Alternatively, I write notes on loose paper slips and use them as bookmarks inside the important pages.
Henry Roedigger, an OG Riverside military and Yale alumni. I hope to one day follow similar steps.
These work. In fact, you will transform into a world detective using them because you will have to actually understand the principles of what you are learning. Want to be known as a deep thinker? Be a deep learner. Want to be seen as the one who can really explain an idea and win people over? Practice explaining to yourself!
Fine, if it's voluntary, but us types with various disorders feel compelled to understand EVERYTHING from first principles and that can be a bit of a roadblock. Discrimination is important.
@@nerdyali4154 very good point!
retrieval technique was always natural to me. never knew it was a learning technique.
Pimsleur language courses are based on the retrieval method.
I have already read make it stick and in my opinion ' learn like a pro ' by barbara oakley is better overall and it had provided me more useful knowledge then make it stick . I would recommend everyone to read learn like a pro , after that if u have time then u can read books like make it stick .
The concept after the retrieved is spacing
Do you think that the audiobook version would be just as good, or just use the paper version? Thank you for all your videos, they are truly inspiring. Could you also do one on being able to memorize as well?
I like audio books, but for this one I think the print version is better. I'm not sure how easy it would be to access the citations and suggested reading in the audiobook.
@@gilesmcmullen understood, and thank you for the reply. I already ordered the book and waiting for it to arrive. :)
The audiobook version is excellent. Peter C. Brown is a professional storyteller and has an extraordinarily attention-holding voice. You won’t be bored.
The audiobook is just as engaging. I listen to it at least once every 3 months.
@@llonden6998 (grin) so, If I'm hearing you right, you haven't been able to make it stick. You have to keep listening to it over and over again. Hmm, that seems like a problem. -- forgive me, I'm sleep deprived right now and that's just my wacky sense of humor which is probably only funny to me. Hope you have a great day, and thanks for your input on the audiobook I'm going to pick it up
Two ads in one video:
Brilliant
The book
🤔🧠
I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand! --Confucious
The paper's abstract, alone, makes me want to pull my hair out. By the time I'm on the third sentence, I've completely forgotten the first. It's far too wordy and there's a lot of extra guff in there that I don't need to know. Why couldn't they just write: "Science can help us find effective techniques for learning. This tutorial review explains six that have been robustly researched and tested." That's all I needed from the abstract. I'll certainly remember the gist of it now that I've translated it to something my Aspie/ADHD brain can handle.
My favorite part was when he said "Butt doodoo"
2:40
Memorizing things is in the past, like university all you need to know is how our where to lookup info
Thank you for this video and sharing the link
This video had an energy to it that was a joy to watch - and super informative! wonderful :)
Thanks very much :)
What i'd like to know is how much basic human function differs when neurodivergence is taken into account do peope with adhd and/or autism learn the same?
This is one of my favorite books of all time. 🎉
Is the material applicable to learning a musical instrument? If not, have you encountered any good resources in that regard?
Peak by Anders Ericsson is a must read in your case.
love your taste in video editing
Besides automated annual subscription, you can also provide an option for monthly or quarterly subscriptions. Kindly consider.
Read the paper and bought the audiobook!
I liked your walks in nature and talking.Good advises, thank you for sharing them.
I read this book when it came out. It‘s a top top book many educators out there ignore. Do yourself a favor and read this… it‘ll change it all for you. Good luck!
Thank you !
Basically practice and apply your learnings - that’s it.
I love your videos and editing, you are genius!
Zettlekasten method and “how to read a book” is all you need
Teaching the science of learning , thanks a lot for your videos very helpful.
I tend to doubt anything that claim to be scientific.
Thank you for this video! Really appreciate your efforts, Giles!
Ngl, I forgot I had this book. It's fair to say I probably need to read it again.
Great video, thanks! I just discovered your channel today by watching your intro do Python virtual environments for beginners and knew I found a channel I'd like when you had the Maxwell's equations behind you. I was literally wearing a t-shirt with Maxwell's equations when I watched the video. Really appreciate the great content and presentation style!
Visit brilliant.org/PythonProgrammer/ to get started for free and get 20% off your annual subscription.
I laughed when you said your homework was to learn how to focus a camera because I was just thinking it. Brilliant!
Interesting, I've just ordered the book.
I'm always a little cautious with "advice for life"-books. Even based on "solid scientific research".
Take Mike Tyson or Muhammad Ali. The best of the best. What made them so good?
None of them was "textbook" boxers. Very personal and unusual styles.
Neither of them would probably have their unique career, if they boxed the traditional way. The scientific and "tested and approved" way.
They were allowed to develop differently because of very smart and skilled trainers seeing their natural talent. Build for someting else.
But I ordered the book, I have my style of learning, learned through practice, but I always seek new information and improvement.
I'm sorry to correct you, but Mike Tyson commented on many interviews that he always enjoyed learning boxing history (opposed to what most people think) and he might be one of the best versed boxers about boxing history. He was also a learning machine. He wasnt unorthodox, he applied his knowledge to near perfection when focused and prepared. However, to your point I dont know about Muhammad Ali.
@@leandrocasal615 Hi, it's fine, respectful arguments are pleasant.
I did not call for "not knowing'" about anything. I talked about being able to think completely out of the box, seeing possibilities no one else can see.
Mike Tyson and Ali had boxing styles never seen before. They looked and fought like no one else before. Unique styles.
Cus D'Amato was Tyson's traner and Ali had Angelo Dundee. Both trainers was behind many of the best boxers in history.
That's the idea, a good trainer can develop training and techniques perfectly adapted to the individual talent.
Ali would never be able to box like Tyson and vice versa. But both knew everything to know about boxing.
I guess many great talents has been destroyed by poor trainers unable to read and understand the talent. We see kids dumping out of school, unable to follow the education system,- but they later learns that their real problem was high IQ and boredom with the slow pace.
Marcus Hutchins, perhaps the best hacker and security guy in the world, never took any education. Teachers told him he was without any talent.
Today, top level universities invites him to give lectures how he handles IT security. He is unique and brilliant. He still has no formal education, but the professors wants to learn from him.
In this context, read some books about how to learn - make the adjustments suited to you.
@@jrnmadsen2710 I see you point now and agree. Teaching today should focus more on providing tools to students to seek, incorporate and asses knowledge instead of getting to the understanding of the matter at a point in time. If you get a degree at an university today, the knowledge you aquired may have been useful 5 to 10 years ago, therefore you'll have to learn again.
@@leandrocasal615 Thanks for your comment,- I'm sorry if I failed to make my thoughts clear from the beginning.
Retrieval is recitation with explanations and reusing and then repurpose what was memorized and learned for something more than just facts taken from a book or tutorial or a classroom lecture?
What you provided was correct but the video should have provided at least 3 concrete examples of how to put it into practice.
For textbooks:
1. Memorize the vocab words by covering the answer and being able to recite it accurately without struggling. If some are more difficult, incorporate tricks like grouping, visualizing, or associating.
2. Do the same with the questions at the end of the chapter.
3. Do the same with notes on the side of the page if those seem important.
It's actually easy once you've done it a few times. Ace your test.
Oh my bad! For weeks I did not see new video from you, I have been waiting it now I came to your chanel to watch your old videos but here you already uploaded a video and I did not get your chanel notivication .
I love watching your videos, thanks for sharing with us this amazing informations
Reading first chapter, thanks
Thes best way to learn is just start learning , not reading
You get to understand the word and concept
True retrieve or trying teach it some one is helpful
What do you think is the most effective way to learn from video lectures ?
Take notes, in your wording. Then apply what you can with your notes
Video lectures are not as effective as you think.
Ask questions before the video and get the answers after the video, Practice questions about the topic
Thank you sir for Great information 🙏
Understanding is superior to memory. Think about how you do things automatically, as opposed to reaching for memory. Memory will slow you down. Understanding is much faster for controlling your physical surroundings.
What's the difference between practice and retrieval practice?
Thank you for this video...
Thanks for suggesting this book.
This is really interesting. No one had to ever teach me this stuff. How do you know if you know something? You have to test yourself. It's weird to me that people think just reading something over and over would ever do anything. Why would you think that would work? How would even know if it worked?
The key in my experience is to read up until a certain point where you get a grasp of the idea, then go off and make further conclusions. Then compare with the book and see if you are right.
It works even better with problems. Read about a specific problem in Digraphs for example until you get the basic idea then go come up with your own solution until it works, compare your solution to the book.
This style is much more laborious and takes time but you can be sure that you know something when you came up with the same thing that’s in the textbook independently
I think you won't believe that I already applied the technique before getting this video and before knowing about this book. What a coincidence.
Thnaks a lot
This is such fantastic recommendation for so many different subjects
Excellent book and an excellent review and encapsulation of the core concepts.
Thanks for the upload!!
Thanks for the video!
so does this really works?
or only works on few?
Books are a great investment much better than the yearly subscriptions being forced upon us now-a-days.
i tried my best but i just forget everything and i accept it
The article is so poorly written a lot of times you just have to guess what strategy is being briefly explained next to an image. It would be great if you made a video about it
Thanks!
thank you
Feynman method covers all of these and you don't need to read a book for this.
If Brilliant did an electronics course I'd sign up for it
2:40 lol he said dodo
Is it good for math/science, it seems to me for non-science is ok.
Thanks for the great video
What’s the name of the book:What is the book called?
in short: learning by doing
That's just the start of Higher Order Learning.
You had me until the plug.
yeah so fucking annoying. I pay a premium to avoid youtube advertising too..
Gracias!!