JAVA LECTURE 16

Possible Topics for Java Lecture 16:
1. **Advanced Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)**:
**Polymorphism**: A deeper dive into method overriding, method overloading, and dynamic method dispatch.
**Inheritance**: Understanding how subclasses inherit properties and methods from parent classes, including issues like constructors and access control.
**Interfaces and Abstract Classes**: Differences between abstract classes and interfaces, when to use each in design.
2. **Collections Framework**:
Introduction to Java Collections such as `List`, `Set`, `Map`, and `Queue`.
Implementation and usage of various Collection classes like `ArrayList`, `HashSet`, `HashMap`.
Iterators and how they work with collections.
3. **Exception Handling**:
Advanced exception handling, creating custom exceptions, and using `try-catch-finally` blocks more effectively.
**Checked vs Unchecked Exceptions**: Understanding the difference and best practices.
4. **File Handling and I/O**:
Working with files using Java I/O classes like `FileReader`, `FileWriter`, `BufferedReader`, and `BufferedWriter`.
Reading and writing binary data using `InputStream` and `OutputStream`.
5. **Concurrency/Multithreading**:
Introduction to *threads* in Java, creating and managing threads.
Basic synchronization techniques like using the `synchronized` keyword to handle concurrent execution and prevent race conditions.
6. **Java Streams API**:
Introduction to Java Streams: filtering, mapping, and collecting data from collections.
Working with *Lambda expressions* and functional interfaces in Java 8 and later.
Example Lecture Outline (if related to Collections Framework):
1. **Introduction to Collections Framework**:
What is a Collection in Java?
Key Interfaces: List, Set, Map, Queue
Overview of *ArrayList**, **LinkedList**, **HashSet**, **TreeSet**, **HashMap**, **TreeMap*
2. **List Interface**:
Difference between `ArrayList` and `LinkedList`.
Usage of `ArrayList` for random access and `LinkedList` for better insertions/deletions.
3. **Set Interface**:
Understanding `HashSet` and `TreeSet` for storing unique elements.
`HashSet` and its performance characteristics.
4. **Map Interface**:
Working with `HashMap`, `TreeMap`, and `LinkedHashMap`.
How key-value pairs work and when to use each Map type.
5. **Iteration and Sorting**:
Iterating over collections using `Iterator`, `for-each` loop, and lambda expressions.
Sorting collections using `Collections.sort()` and `Comparator`.