Q&A 49: How Would We Drill Into Europa? And More...
HTML-код
- Опубликовано: 17 окт 2024
- In this week's questions show, I explain why I never get to the point, if we'll ever reach interstellar space, and how we'd get down below the ice sheet on Europa.
ITunes audio podcast
itunes.apple.c...
RSS audio podcast
www.universeto...
Sign up for my weekly email newsletter at:
www.universeto...
What Fraser's Watching Playlist:
• What Fraser's watching
Support us at: / universetoday
More stories at: www.universetod...
Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday
Like us on Facebook: / universetoday
Google+ - plus.google.co...
Instagram - / universetoday
Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com
Karla Thompson - @karlaii / / @karlathompson001
Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com
Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001
Questions
------------------
Hi There
9 minutes and you've just circled the question. This strategy for presenting info is why i don't watch discovery channel or the history channel. I think its a bad strategy.
Ryan Guitard
Do you think we’ll ever reach interstellar space?
Lucid Moses
Hi Fraser, Are there known nebula outside of galaxies. If a rogue star went supernova would we be able to see the supernova remnants if there were no other stars around?
indianastan
Vancouver Island eh ? I hear there are lots of sightings of sasquatch on Vancouver Is. Have you ever seen or heard them in the woods ? Do you believe in them ?
Peter Houle
what if you struck a match on Titan? or Venus?
Jughead Jones
Don't forget Fraser you live in the mildest Winter zone in Canada! I would swap with you any day! ; )
toxikneedle
Fraser, if we sent a submarine drone to an icy moon of Saturn or Jupiter. how would the logistics of drilling into the ice work? First how would we be able to keep the insertion hole itself from freezing as I'm assuming the communication back to earth will be done via a cable running from the submarine to the surface of the moon? Also wouldn't this whole operation be insanely hard to sterilize to keep Earth's bacteria from invading the ocean of an alien moon?
Jack Kenny
Is it possible that we've yet to discover an element that belongs somewhere on the periodic table? Maybe it isn't naturally occurring on earth, but elsewhere in the universe. My inspiration for this question is the marvel universe's metal Vibranium. I appreciate everything you do on your channel and keep up the good work!
deisisase
Is returning to the Moon even worth it? With the toxic Asbestos-like regolith and low bone-wasting gravity, is it worth setting up a base at all? Or is it simply better to stay for a little while just to know that our rockets work, just as they did in the Apollo era?
Colpo Rosso
I choose snow! Is there snow on Titan? uuhh, that sweet sweet methane snow
Erick Horning
Hey Fraser, is there a plausible scenario that could cause Earth to be tossed out of our solar system
winstonsmasterplan
2038??? Jeeez what’s the point. Seems like a long time to wait and a highly risky mission for a couple grams of comet dust!
![Fusion Reactor To Melt Through Europa's Ice [NIAC 2023]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/7Idm53V687I/mqdefault.jpg)
Clearly the Universe is trying to tell me something. You want to know all about a Europa submarine, so I'm working on an episode to into it in great detail. Stay tuned, that'll be next week.
That sounds like a very lonely place to be, even for a robot.
Fraser Cain for one, love your show here. Been watching for over a year now. And Elon Musk thinks we'll go to Mars one day. And if we don't leave earth the human race is done. As in good as dead. What do you think. Is Elon Musk and others wrong about future space exploration.
Fraser Cain I was wondering,.let's say NASA wanted to contaminate Mars because yolo(2012). What earth creature would've be able to survive on Mars, assume they can.
How Would We Drill Into Europa? I think that Zeus had already done that.
mr Jety89 -- megalol
I appreciate how you answer challenging questions and/or comments from viewers challenging you and your channel. Bravo! Most, I imagine , would simply avoid this. Your reciprocation shores up your integrity, objectivity, and pure honesty. Hats off! Bravo Zulu, as we say in my neck of the woods.
Let the number of Patreons continue to grow!
We should ALL try to refer one friend to the channel in a show of support.
I love the way you explain things in 'Layman's Terms'. Extremely complicated concepts you are trying to explain to us.
Thanks a lot, I'm glad you enjoyed it.
Fraser, I’ve been a longtime fan of your RUclips broadcasts and I’m glad to know that podcasts are now available. I enjoy the ask a spaceman segments as well.
Thank you for all you do and keep up the good work.
This is an awesome channel. Period!
*it is a shame that the Europa Lander Mission was Shut Out Again in the 2019 NASA Budget Request :(*
Yeah, the Europa Clipper will find all these fascinating places, with nothing to send down to land on it.
Fraser Cain I see.. :( anyway, thanks for your comment and great video! :)
Europe should do it instead. :)
We shouldn't even have National Space Agencies. We should have an International Space Agency. Then we could afford these major projects.
JohnnyZenith -- you're so right. I've always said that any really big mission must be an international cooperation without involvement of stupid nationalism and imperialism.
Any interstellar mission (I'm not sure if Fraser is right in his assumption we won't do it in our current wetware configuration) comprising significant numbers of people should also be organised in a communist way to avoid developing hierarchical power structures based on suppression and classes of people. Especially when it's about colonizing a planet.
Even more so if it's living in habitats within our solar system.
9 minutes in and I'm still loving it. You Have As Many Subs As You Do For A Reason, because your content is what people want.
You are doing a good job. People need to find the show that matches their needs.
thanks again, Fraser! great episode!
Thanks for watching!
I think you do amazingly well, Fraser! As a fellow educator, I understand the challenge of keeping an appropriate entry level for all viewers. However, as a planetary scientist, I don’t mind one bit a beginner-level explanation for a concept I might be familiar with! I suppose an analogy like “going to church” or the positive meaning of “preaching to the choir” (the choir loves to be in church after all!) is helpful to explain the enjoyment I take in hearing things I may already know about, but eloquently and clearly expressed in a different way. And when the new ideas come, they are bombshells and glorious! Keep up your wonderful work!
Haven't seen a cougar? You just haven't visited the right bar ;-)
He'll only see cougars from afar, he's much too old.
The whole cougar talk is hilarious if you don’t think of the animal. Especially them closing down the school when there’s a cougar nearby. 😂
I love that you can ask questions on this show. When I have a question I allways write it down in the command section. but before I press "reageren" (dutch language) I start to think about the question and most of the time I get the answer it myself. Thats why I only posted a question once.
Good Job on making me think! keep it up!
EDIT: But I got a question now: Is there a proposal how to extract usable energy (for phones and cars) from planet's orbits. for example getting mars in a lower orbit and converting that energy somehow in electrical energy?
There are some interesting ideas with tethers, where they could extract orbital energy and turn it into electrical energy and vice versa, as long as you're within a magnetic field.
love what you do in these videos THANKS
Thanks, I'm glad you're enjoying them.
Question 1) I don't watch for the content, I watch for the amazing green screen production. 😂😂
Most excellent from Florida‘s Space Coast , thanks
Thanks a lot, jealous that you get to see all those rocket launches. :-)
Truth is that your channel is awesome 😎even though i m not from the start, but i ve watched every episode , space art indeed.
Thanks a lot!
The Canadian Cougar & especially the Vancouver species; is usually found in a bar or any local watering hole where younger males gather.
I haven't checked in bars yet, I've heard that's their natural habitat.
You guys do a great job, don't worry!
Thanks for watching!
Fraser, you are doing a good job. 9 minutes was fine.
"The Hawaii of Canada." : ) When to grad school near Erie. The Alaska of Pennsylvania. LOL
Vancouver's just across the water from me. That's a nice surprise for me. How close to Victoria are you? I see its lights every night (fog permitting ) from just east of Port Angeles in Washington state. Hi neighbor!
Hi Fraser, love your channel, thank you for fantastic work! Here's the question (-s): Some episodes ago you've been describing the star evolution process - how the star burns its initial material into more heavier elements, then collapses and detonates, then the process repeats until it's only neutrons are let densely packed, finally the star becomes a black hole that also has some evolution to continue where it becomes infinitely small etc. So can you please describe an overall picture on how the evolution of the universe will work fast forward many billion years in future - what will be with black holes (they will become infinitely small in size?), what will become with the universe assuming that galaxies are flying with an accelerating by dark energy from each other, what will be with the galaxies with planes and stars - will they collapse into giant rocky plants and giant stars and then finally into one infinitely dense and small black hole alone in the Universe (as other galaxies are gone infinitely away…)?
Hope that this can be the theme of an entire episode - what will happen with all major tings in the Universe in 10-20-100-1000 Billion years in future.
You say you got the highest cougar density in the world. I've got to pick you up on that though - here where I live (Mansfield, UK), you just have to go out drinking at the weekend and you'll see many millions of cougars eager to be gently (or roughly) handled.
We do have those kinds of cougars too.
1:55 You are awesome and doing it right sir!!
Thanks a lot!
When talking about the weather in Vancouver Island you were basically describing the weather in the UK 😅
They're pretty close.
I think its important to note regarding the Europa comms cable that the cable would be spooling from the probe itself and not from a surface connection so that as the probe descends it doesnt drag the cable. just in case people we wondering how the cable doesnt get stuck and stop the decent.
Yeah, I'm working on a new video so I'll mention that.
Hey Fraser,
If we happen to find flora on an exoplanet with molecular oxygen, how much oxygen should be there for humans to breathe without any fillers? Should it be exactly 21% or can it be higher or lower? If so, what is the limit? Thank you.
Humans can breathe pure oxygen, and apparently it feels really good. But the downside is that everything lights on fire beyond our current level of oxygen in the atmosphere.
Fraser Cain Thank you. So the increased oxygen has no relation to oxygen toxicity?
thanks for the explanation of your own judgement of the approach you take. keep being you. Me being me my purpose is to make the actual next generation ship 1701-D. And you are helping greatly. My experience is to quick build, relate the developed tech into the existing physical state. Bringing the things that connect together.
Probably the first Europa landers will land near a crack, where we can expect flexing of the surface to occasionally allow material from deep down to flow up. The rover can drive to the crack and drill down a few dozen meters for samples. If there's life still existing under the ice, some remains should be found in those cracks.
Going deeper, you can start a good hole using an orbital dropped impactor, perhaps a series of them on the same spot, then at the bottom of the crater they make, the lander facility sets up and vaporizes a hole using a maser. This probably only works for a few hundred meters, then you have problems passing the vaporized material up before it refreezes, but it does get us further down. The given scenario of a hot submarine melting its way down, unspooling a cable behind itself, can start from there.
Once Europa Clipper arrives, it might show us regions where the water is very close to the surface and worth exploring.
So true. What usually shocks many Americans is that the winters in the US NE are much harsher and more "stereotypically" Canadian than the winters in South Western BC (Vancouver/Victoria etc). Many winters without any snowfall in BC's Southwest. Now mind you my wife and I just sold our house last year in Vancouver and moved to Halifax and comparing notes this year Vancouver's winter WAS actually not as mild as usual and they had us beat for snow days! :)
I haven't seen many people who made that opposite trip.Maybe gather a few more years of data.
My wife and I are roughly your age category and we went strictly to take advantage of the housing market flipside by selling ludicrously high and being mortgage free/semi retired. Still looking for work but having the mortgage no longer looming is nice and we can always still visit :)
But yes of course winters here are on average MUCH worse was only referring to this current winter which was an exception for both cities in the other extreme!
I did the same things as you but I just kept going West.
You should do some intermediate level video as well! There's not a lot of stuff on RUclips that goes past the basics and fundamental stuff, other than public lectures & PBSspace time.
Love your videos! :-)
you might like "isaaq arthur" also , he uses CGI and goes a lot more in depth on a single topic at once .
Did you have some topics you wanted me to explore?
Have you ever considered producing a few special technical episodes to satisfy the more educated viewer? Plus as much As i enjoy hearing information I can understand, I do like to having my limits pushed now and again.
This was in response to the first question.
Did you have specific topics that you wanted me to cover? Sometimes I bring in special guests to help me explain more complicated topics: ruclips.net/video/Cru_lY0mpcs/видео.html
Difficult to say really since I like all sorts. You could try asking your fans if they want to know more about one of your videos, then revisit it going more in depth?
Hello Fraser, quick question: How do you think our advances in Machine Learning, Reinforcement Learning and A.I in general will affect space missions in the near and distant future? Greetings Matthew
Found you a couple of weeks ago! All good stuff. Here's a question, possibly for one of your experts: some celestial objects are believed to rotating at prodigious speeds for such massive things - how come the centrifugal forces don't disrupt them...or do they?
I was here, all recordings for the day done, building my Lego and listening to Fraser Cain, totally chilling, and suddenly I hear my name. That was great, I laughed out loud.
But don't get me wrong, I would LOVE to visit another comet. Maybe we could find more interesting stuff there. After all, if life came from comets, we would know only by visiting a bunch of them.
The proposal Fraser was advocating (half-heartedly) was to revisit 67P, the same one the ESA Rosetta mission visited. It would make for detailed before/after studies. The only really new science that would result is the sample-return. Rosetta did a decent job of studying the snot out of 67P.
Sounds like Vancouver Island is a lot like here in Portland. That means you can grow food all year round if you have the light!
It's not quite as nice as Portland. We're in growing zone 7b
"Nuclear reactor" is true but misleading. It would be a RadioThermal Generator - RTG. Basically just a hot thing with wires attached. Not as large or complex as a proper reactor.
I reference RTGs all the time in various episodes. Hilariously, I always say "radioisotropic".
Hey, Fraser! Isn’t the merging of stellar objects, like neutron stars, responsible for creating a lot of the heavier elements? Super novae don’t produce as much energy, right?
This is still a controversy among astronomers. Before the kilonova, people thought it might be possible for colliding neutron stars to generate heavier elements. Now we know for sure it's happening.
Fraser could you give us an insight into how the surviving planets will look post red giant. Saturn's rings, Europa, Titan. How will a red giant change their composition?
When the Sun gets big enough, all those icy moons will melt and become little ocean worlds for a while, and then they'll boil all their water away.
Rains and it rains and it rains... Lucky bastard! I love rain but we only get 1-2 good rain days a month here.
To expand on the Earth exit comment. Jupiter could swing inward into the inner orbits by an interaction with a nearby passing star that steals it's velocity. This could have the effect of re ordering all the orbits of the Solar planets.
For sure, but like I said, it hasn't happened in 4.5 billion years, so it doesn't seem to happen very often.
Hey, Fraiser! Can we run a jet enjine in Jupiter's atmosphere OR (more useful) on Titan by fuelling it with oxygen? So it's in reverse: you get fuel from the atmosphere and oxygen from tanks. How about that?
I don't know the exact engineering, but you could scoop in hydrogen from Jupiter's atmosphere, mix it with oxygen and use that for fuel.
What a brilliant idea!!!
Hey Fraser I was wondering what traveling through the atmosphere in a space elevator would be like? at slow speed it would lack the friction but would it still be a bumpy ride?
It would feel pretty smooth unless there were big winds going by.
13:50 I would ask a similar question "do you think we could generate an element heavier than a mother-flipping *neutron star* ? Because they're basically one big atomic nucleus!
Great point. :-)
Great video Fraser. If we're able to get fusion working efficiently, do we need dyson spheres?
If you were in a galaxy near to the cosmic microwave background, what would you be able to see?
It wouldn't look that different from here. You'd see galaxies all around you, and then you'd see the CMB as a hazy background in microwaves in all directions. Remember that when we look out into space, we're looking back in time too.
I remember an Arthur C Clarke novel about a colony on Titan (Imperial Earth), there's a bit about how instead of hydrocarbons burning in air you get oxygen burning in the air.
At least, I think it's that book. I might be getting my SF mixed up XD
Also, lunar regolith, I find myself imagining a wall.e type robot, travelling the moon's surface, but with a tumble dryer type arrangement to erode the dust into little spheres instead of jagged shapes like they are. Ludicrous idea that wouldn't work in practice, but fun to imagine for a short story
Oxygen doesn't burn, but it's necessary for anything else to burn. So if you brought oxygen, you could light bits of Titan on fire.
Thank you! :D
Thanks for watching!
Hey there Fraser, love what you're doing, keep up the good work. I have a question, but im not sure if it's your field. The further spacecraft get away from us the longer their signals take to get back to us meaning we can't get data in real time or perform last minute changes by remote. As I understand it if two particles are entangled on the quantum level if you change the state of one you can measure the effect on the other no matter how far they are away from each other. Could this not be used to convey binary messages FTL or does this only work in labs?
Hi Fraser! We use massive cosmic bodies to bend light and magnify distant objects, soon using them to observe exoplanets and their atmospheres as they were long ago. I wonder if it could be possible to find rays of light that have left earth long ago and through the curvature of space end up returning to earth with high enough resolution to allow us to look back into the past. Is it completely out of the question?
It's not completely out of the question. You can imagine photons going from Earth, doing a 180 turn around a black hole and returning. The problem is that there just won't be many of them out there.
Do you think we'd ever get to a point where we can look at a cloud of dust or an accretion disc and be able to predict what kind of system would come out of it? Would we be able to predict how many planets would form, and maybe even what kinds? Or is there just a level of uncertainty there that we wouldn't be able to get past?
Probably never. Accretion disks are composed of trillions apon trillions of particles from dust sized, gravel, boulders, planetisimals, gases, icy bodies. What will collide with what? What will the t-tauri phase of the star do to the distribution of dust and ices? Gravitational interactions. Rogue body interactions. To accurately determine anything we'd need to map every significant particle to arbitrary accuracy and have a deep understanding of all the possible forces that may act on those particles.
It will probably forever remain a wait-and-see proposition. If we ever get good at interstellar travel we'd probably be better off avoiding accretion disks. If you imagine our current solar system as a dangerous shooting gallery an accretion disk will be several orders of magnitude worse.
Yes, yes I do think we'll someday outclass the collision energies of neutron stars.
So early, RUclips hit me with that 360p.
#ProudSupporterfromOttawa!
Wait for the 4K to render out. :-)
Hi Fraser. Great video as always. Here is a question. We measure the speed of objects in space in relation to what? For example, I read that asteroid bennu has a speed of 100,000 km / h but the earth moves at about 100,000 km / h around the sun. How is this account held? thank you
I think honest sasquatch sightings are actually grizzly bears that have injured front legs or paws. Search "grizzly walking on two legs"or"Brown bear walking on two legs", it's kind of crazy how human or sasquatch it looks.
Hah, probably. We don't have any grizzly bears here on Vancouver Island.
'Space Journalist' is really your job title? Fraser that's awesome!
I've been doing this job since 1999.
G'day from Down Under! I am a new subscriber and I am really enjoy your videos Fraser, so thanks for your knowledge and all your hard work. Would there be any point or benefit to launching a telescope into orbit around a planet in the outer solar system like neptune, or even pluto? Or are they too close in regards to current telescopes to really return any befit?
Those regions are colder, so an infrared telescope would see a benefit that far out into the Solar System.
You swapped my avatar with Lucid Moses but I am glad you addressed my jealousy on Q&A! : P
Noo! I'll let Chad know.
Hey Fraser. Thanks for answering my question. Just so you know, You miss matched my profile picture and question. I'm not upset about a silly little mistake but thought I would let you know in case other may be in the future.
I'll let Chad know. Sorry about that.
People (notably enthusiasts not scientists) often talk about Titan's hydrocarbon lakes being a source of energy for potential manned missions and colonies. But without a source of O2 like we have in the atmosphere here on Earth, wouldn't you expend more energy getting O2 (for example electrolysing water or shipping it in) than you'd get back? Similarly shipping it off-world seems more expensive than its worth as well.
Is there any way to use these resources?
Remember that the mountains of Titan are made of water, so the oxygen is there, it's just frozen. It would be easy enough to electrolyse with solar power.
Fraser Cain but that would be a waste of energy wouldn't it?
Hi Fraser, you talked about time dialation in a previous episode of the voyager spacer craft, which were travelling at 20km/second. That 20 I presume is with reference to the sun, how does the speed of the solar system around the milky way and the galaxy itself through the exanding universe effect time dialation? I imagine we are also moving in these same planes so the only velocity we are interested in is the one away from earth, so the time dialation would be with respect the earth.
I really love this chanel. I have a question, What do you think of Franklin Chang's VASIMR plasma engine? Is posible?
Question: with runaway greenhouse gasses will we see a change in the color of the sky during the day in the future?
I love your content, by far the best channel i subscribe to
It depends on what gases are in the atmosphere. When there are fires and there's a lot of smoke in the air, the sky changes to be more of a reddish color.
I have an Idea to deal with the sharp Luna dust:
If you put a machine on wheels up there, that mixes the dust and let friction do the smoothing. Could that solve the dust hazard partially?
Sure or just sweep it all up, grind it and turn it into building materials.
Hey fraiser, how practical do you think becoming a multiplanetary species is?
I think there will be billions of people living across the Solar System, but I suspect most will be living in deep space, not on planets.
Fraser, how does the hohman transfer work, and how do you do it???
Are there any direct images of the lakes on Titan? All I've ever been able to find are CGII, radar maps and such.
No, they've only been detected by the radar instruments on board Cassini. Which is why we need to go back. ruclips.net/video/rzg78ySwIn4/видео.html
Can you explain what the difference is between the terms "space" and "outer space"?
Also popular is the nebulous term "deep space." =D
They're interchangeable, really. Space is pretty much any place about 100 km in altitude from Earth.
Fraser, I am having trouble grasping the speeding up of satellite as they do a fly by of a planet. As I understand it a satellite will swing close to a planet to "slingshot" around it to gain speed. It just seems to me that the planets gravity which speeds it up as it approches should also slow it down after it passes the planet taking away any speed it gained on its approach. What am I missing here ?
Did you see this video? ruclips.net/video/xJmD_1kSa3I/видео.html
Thanks Fraser, this 2014 video did the trick. Great information.
Hey Fraser, does the New Horizons spacecraft have any instruments on board that could be useful in characterizing the edge of interstellar space, like the plasma and magnetic flux detectors on the Voyager spacecraft?
Hey Fraser, lets say when we get people to mars or Europa or even titan. How will the astronauts be able to tell what a piece of ice is made of? Will they just zap it with a laser or will they have some kind of device on their glove that will be able to tell the chemical make up of the object they are touching?
Space missions use a gadget called a spectrometer that analyzes the chemical makeup of various things. Curiosity uses a laser to zap rocks and study the vaporized rock. They would probably bring samples back to their laboratory to study it.
Great video, as always! Wait, was that a Bigfoot behind you?! ;-)
He Fraser, I although think that living in Space is best. When we fall over the edge of the 'flat earth' into space, we are able to understand. We realize the globe of Earth, and that our Mother lives in Space. May be we have theoretical knowledge about the globe, but may be no realization what it means that we all share the same center, and that we all have our personal eternity above our head as well. THX for your videos who help us to live in Space.
Thanks for watching!
I've been thinking about how to mount an Europa mission since you posted this. Maybe we don't have to get down the high pressure ocean, maybe a well sanitized probe can melt into the ice just a little bit to protect it from radiation, take a sample of ice and warm it up in a sterialized container. If there's dormant bacteria in the ice; it should come to life before our camera eyes.
Kind of a rant...but I was thinking about space colonization. Mars is hardly any presure, venus has to much.
Anyways, my question is why are we not trying to build colonies in the more extreme environments on earth before trying it on a completely different planet (bottom of the ocean, top of the highest mountain)?
In last night's Weekly Space Hangout, we talked to a guy who's spend years at the South Pole Station. If you want to try space colonization, try living on Antarctica. ruclips.net/video/IF0Ff5Ne1d8/видео.html
Fraser Cain if we can’t master the sea on our own planet then I can’t imagine us living for very long in space.
Vacuums are way easier for us to put up with than deep oceanic pressures. It's the pressure differential. Sea level air pressure is roughly 14.7 pounds per square inch. The pressure at the bottom of Mariana Trench is over 15,000 pounds per square inch. Going to space means having to build a structure that puts up with about 14.7 pounds per square inch while any submarine habitat has to put up with thousands of pounds per square inch.
You can go even one step easier in space by breathing pure oxygen at about 3 pounds per square inch, about 20% of sea level air pressure. You'd have to put up with tea kettles only managing to get your water up to around 50 degrees centigrade before it all boils off... a minor inconvenience for living in space.
The extreme parts of our planet are actually harder to access let alone colonize then some of these other planets. For example to make a shell for a habitable area on Mars or the moon you really only need to find or dig a hole, then inflate what is basically a heavy duty balloon and the relatively high air pressure that we humans need is more than enough to act as structural support. At the bottom of the pacific ocean on the other hand to maintain a livable envionment for humans your habitat's walls will have to be made of solid titanium that is more than 12cm thick (probably much thicker because i'm guessing most people wouldn't want to live in a metal sphere that is only 2.16 in diameter).
simple answer sir .. money .. ( if you really want to learn more about science i would start with a channel like " Isaaq Arthur " ) he might be smarter than me and Fraser put together ) we do have some odd research places trying to be like mars or the Antarctica site and nasa has the giant water tanks .. but why not build in the bottom of the ocean ? it would cost to much and not teach us much .. if we needed to test for high pressure building techniques or habitats we would build a very small model and pressure chamber to test it ... same way we use the vacuum chamber on earth to test first and not go to space to test ...
ive thought of ways of making power based on deep sea pressure and one day something like that would be build out in some deeper sea's..it could work with power plant submarines or a power plant on the bottom of the sea .. but since its so much cheaper to do other options ... we may never use a design like mine on earth ...but maybe some planet far from its Sun with no Oil or Gas ...
What if the reactor find some kind of rock or other thing that it cannot melt in it's way down? Like some deposit of meteorite?
That would be unfortunate, and they're down there. Hopefully Europa Clipper will detect them so they can find a drill spot that will be clear.
Nice, thank you.
hi Fraser! Would rocky planets, capable of sustaining life, be able to form on a very dense globular cluster, like M-80, or would there be too much gravitational perturbation for them to be stable?
Isaaq arthur " could answer this , and maybe has covered it ... hes like 30 but finished college at like 14 .
yes i think you said it , gravity .. yikes , i think its possible a planet there could have a history like earths .. but the odds of that seem low to me .. is this Cluster really a sphere ? wow its making me wonder if Lagrangian points also work in a sphere or in more than 2d plains ..
i feel like none spiral galaxies are galaxies that recently merged and they will work there way back to being a spiral and flat ( its just the physics of spinning right ) but if Lagrangian points Can Hold Clusters in there shapes . then its much more stable over billions of years .
Have we discovered any extra galactic Planet yet? and Will we able to send robotic missions to another galaxy any time soon?
We haven't discovered them directly, but astronomers have found them indirectly through gravitational lensing. www.sciencealert.com/planets-found-in-another-galaxy-quasar-gravitational-microlensing
First person out carped about how you answer questions and compared you to the Discovery Channel. I so disagree. While once upon a time there were several programs about space that were fun that changed as cable channel owners got greedier. You and Isaac Arthur, for example, have far superior presentations in my opinion. Thank you. I have only recently discovered your channel but I am enjoying it immensely.
Can't remember the exact context but I thought that I remembered reading that a satellite had been recovered from orbit for repair. Staph germs were found on it? brought back to Earth and those little buggers reanimated just fine in spite og having been exposed to hard vacuum and radiation. Point being that, if true, that would lead me to conclude that there is 'sterile' and then there is 'STERILE' which suggests that cross-contamination from Earth biology is an issue. The information may have been cited in an argument for not trying to get a probe into the Antarctica's Lake Vostok.
Rather than going to mars.... Could it be possible to create some kind of massive chain-explosion in Venuses atmosphere, which would blow out the whole atmosphere, so that you could "start over" without extreme hell weather? I'd think travelling to Venus would be much easier than mars, if weather was ok?
After reading your email article about the doomed Chinese space station it got me thinking. I look up and see satellites all the time. Is there a way to know which satellite I’m looking at?
Yup, check out www.heavens-above.com/
That is awesome! Thanks!
since its been a year or two, what do you think of the prospects of finding planet 9?
As far as going to the Moon is concerned, there is reasonable speculation that low gravity could be sufficient to avoid a lot of the negative efffects caused by zero or micro-gravity.
the Moon would be a good place to explore this phenomenon.
We still don't know what the minimum amount of gravity a human needs to survive and thrive.
what do you think of cosmic electricity and it's effects on planetary weather and gravity.
There is a ton of oxygen on the moon. What would it take to make that oxygen usable for the purpose of life support for humans and plants in, say, a permanent moon habitation? How about for space facilities - would it be in any way more economical to get oxygen from the moon than to get it from earth?
Is it the case that many elements only come from neutron stars collisions and NOT super novae?
I mentioned that in the video. Astrophysicists are still trying to figure out if it's all neutron stars or a mix of them and supernovae.
Fraser, you have to do a show about how the astronomer from China discovered all of those exo-galactic planets with the aid of micro-lending...thanks as always Fraser!
We talked about it on the Weekly Space Hangout. ruclips.net/video/AoymuWzXolQ/видео.html
you've never seen a cougar in the wild but they likely have seen you.
also.. *insert cougar sightings in bars joke*
I haven't checked all the bars yet, though.
Could dark energy and dark matter be the same thing? As in, a force that acts differently in the absence or presence of visible matter?
Some physicists think they're connected somehow, but others think they're totally disconnected. Right now, we just don't have any ideas about what they are.
I actually didn’t realize that you lived on VI. Really though, I suppose I should have figured it by the setting. I’m up on an island off the northeast coast of Vancouver island, you know, whales n mink n wolves oh my... a far cry from Europa.
I think I can probably guess your island, it sounds Saywardy.
Actually, a little farther north, Alert Bay. I did see a cougar bolt across the highway while driving near Sayward though, and was tracked by one near Winter Harbour once in my youth. If you’ve not been up this way, you should go. It’s beautiful up here.
Seems like ion engines would be pretty nice for long, slow exploration missions such as the sample return mission to Bennu. How much faster are ion engines than regular chemical propulsion for these types of missions?
Ion engines definitely have their uses, but they can't give the same velocity change as chemical rockets.
Thanks for your reply! I guess ion engines must have even lower thrust than I thought :P
Really low, but the trick is that they can just keep going and going for years.
I'm wondering about sustainable deepsea colonisation here on Earth and what byproducts from research and development thereof might help us in space exploration in general
Here’s a question for you Fraser, what software do you use for the green screen you use? It’s a really clean edit!
Uh... It's called "Standing Outside".
Yeah, Nick, accusations of green screen usage are a bit of an inside joke around here. Where he lives is crazy gorgeous, so most of his videos are shot outside these days.
OR SO HE SAYS. . . . *@__@* ~_^
I’ve always heard that crossing the event horizon of a black hole would be unnoticeable… But since the event horizon is the exact location in the gravity well where the velocity of light becomes too slow to escape the black hole, wouldn’t you get cooked by the effective radiation of all the photons trapped in orbit right at the event horizon?
Hi from Brazil. I have a question: what a country need to do to have a space program? What the effort, obviously not only money is required. Is possible, for example, Brazil and India could do this?thank you 😊
India has an incredibly successful space agency with many rockets they design. Brazil has its own agency too: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Space_Agency
If super earths are more massive and have greater gravity wells, might that make space travel much more difficult for intelligent life? Put differently, if we could increase the mass of the earth at what point might it create a physical constraint on space travel?
Yes, in fact, with our current rocket technology we're pretty much right at that limit. If gravity was any stronger, our rockets wouldn't be able to reach orbit.
Thanks for the quick reply. So interesting. This sounds like another amazing circumstance that makes planet Earth an optimal place for (hopefully) intelligent life to explore a solar system and beyond.
When I was between age 6 to 9, there was a cougar watch in our neighbourhood. This was Langford. Not sure what came of that though... Also, you may not have seen a cougar, but a cougar has VERY likely seen you. lol
If we found a perfect planet how would we colonize it? do we add bacteria and wait? or just plant trees etc? Earth is such a balance so how could we replicate it?
On Earth I have seen globes representing how the night sky appears here on Earth. Is it possible to make a globe that accurately depicts the night sky of Mars, Venus or another world? If it is possible, how can it be done?
Could we use Thermocouples on the moon to generate power? They have no moving parts and with the moon tidally locked it seems like it would be a good choice.
Why would you want to use that and not just solar power?
Fraser Cain dust could be a problem with solar. Solar has a longevity of.... 10 years in earth environment? I don’t know about wearing out in a vacuum.
Solar is surely proven and useable, just brainstorming. More of a question. Do you think thermocouples would work?
The nuclear batteries on missions like Curiosity use thermocouples, so I can't see why they wouldn't work.