- The paper is on the social and cultural history of India, specifically focusing on the Gupta period (4th to 5th century CE). - The objectives of the study include: studying the account of the Chinese traveler Fa-Hsien, examining differences between norms and actual practices, discussing the role of royal women, urban life, education (including astronomy, mathematics, philosophy, Sanskrit literature, and medical knowledge), religious development, architecture, and sculpture. The Gupta period is also analyzed in terms of whether it can be regarded as a Golden Age or Classical Age of Indian history. - The traveler Fadjen describes mutual admiration between Buddhists and Brahmanas in the Gupta Empire, as evidenced by a procession of Buddhists carrying images of Buddha that were welcomed by Brahmanas in the capital of Pataliputra. - The Dharma Shastras of the Gupta period extensively deal with slavery, with a large number of slaves being domestic servants, and the attitude towards women as reflected in these normative texts idealizes women as the perfect wife and daughter, but limits their access to education and participation in philosophical discussions and property rights. - Early marriages and pre-puberty marriages were advocated by Shastri authors and the earliest evidence of the practice of sati is recorded in the 6th century Aaron inscription in Madhya Pradesh. - Elite women in ancient India were educated in various arts and 64 branches of knowledge and their status was depicted on the coins of the Guptas. The differences between norms and actual practices existed, and there is some evidence that urban centers were on the decline in the Gupta period due to the decentralization of the state and economy. - The daily life of a city dweller, as described in the Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana, was full of comfort and luxury. It highlights that the city life was not altogether lost during the Gupta period. - Education and the advancements in various branches during the Gupta period was imparted by ashrams, Buddhist and Jain monasteries, mainly for the upper castes (Brahmanas and Kshatriyas) and technical knowledge. Interactions with the Hellenistic and Arab worlds greatly influenced the developments in astronomy, mathematics, and philosophy. The Indian numerals were introduced to the Arabs and named as "Hinda Zhou." - Discusses the concept of time in ancient India, including linear and cyclic time, the use of regnal years and eras, and the development of genealogies in the Puranas - Describes the developments in Sanskrit literature during the Gupta period, including the works of famous playwrights and poets like Kali Dasa and Vasudeva, as well as the finalization of the major Puranas and Dharma Shastras - Outlines the advancements in the field of medicine during the Gupta period, including the earliest surviving texts on medicine, the Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita - Examines the religious developments during the Gupta period, including the range of religions like Buddhism, Jainism, and Vaishnavism, and the development of icons of gods and goddesses, including the cult of Devi and the worship of consorts of male deities like Parvati and Lakshmi - Mentions the influence of tantric beliefs on several religions, including Buddhism, and the development of pantheism and the tantric rites.
Greek Sandrakottus is Chandragupta I of gupta dynasty as per Indic Traditional Chronology 1 # the time of chankaya and Mauryas was far far away from the time of Alexander and porus ..they were not contemporary#But at present we conti with Present chronological with its Historic vision.But it run counter to the Indic and traditional chronology coming from India's own sources and we can also include outside foreign sources if interpreted correctly . It was the present Indological timelines and historic narrative was distorted in last over 200 years by misinterpretation by western Euro colonial missionary Indologist in 19 th century starting from William Jones -Max muller-J F Fleet etc who distorted _concocted_misinterpreted .. Coming to the point here time frame of Chankaya and Mauryas is far removed from times of Alexander and porus ..so its present misinterpretation to assume the PArvatak as Porus . Puranic timeline or Indic chronology places the Mauryas in 1500 BCE period while we have Chandragupta I of Gupta dynasty founder coming in 320 BCE period as per Indic sources . It was wilful concoction and distortion of Jones in 10 anniversary lecture of Asiatic society in 1783 which was Kind of Eureka moment from where he wilfully reduced Indic chronology by 1200-1300 years.Like we have only Sandrakottus in greek accounts which cud be any of the founder . but placing Maurya chandra in place of Gupta founder he was able to cut 1300 of our historic period. Its obvious from his stated objective to reduce Puranic chronology to fit biblical timeline of world creation in 4004 BCE . we don't have in Indic accounts Chanakaya and Mauryas any mention of Alexander and greeks any where .similarly in greek accounts we have only Sandrakottus and no where any mention of Chanakaya and Maurya . its only since Jones we have misplaced we have got prison house of this sheet anchor of Alexander being contemporary to Maurya Chandragupta.Similarly based on broken greek accounts westeners have distorted the defeat of Alexander leading to revolt in his army and forced retreat not thru the territory which was under his control but thru south along indus and then along sea and land route back broken. Any military analist wud have advise retreat shud have been thru the way he came and not thru unconquered territory where he wud have to continuously fight to penetrate . It was false western narrative .2 # the traditional account as per Puranic and other Indic sources .Puranas give timeline from MahaBharta to rise of Guptas in 4 th Circa BCE. They do the it triple way leaving no doubt to timeline .1.the flow of dynasties with total kings and total time they had .2. Time interval between different Kings or Dynasties . eg Time interval from Parikshit 3102 bce to Mahapadma nanda is 1500 years ie 1634 bce . 100 years for Nanda range so rise of Mauryas is 1534 bCE .3. Passage of time in Cycle of Saptarishi (which is fact mentioned by Megasthenes* ) .this is 2700 cycle with 100 years passage of Saptrishi in all 27 nakshtras . from 3177 - 3077 was the period of transit in Maga wher all the events of Mahabharata happened including . coronation of parikshit and begining of Kali yuga in 3102 bce . which is the Real sheet Anchor point in Indic Puranic traditional chronology. The begning and the conti recounding cud have been going from 6777 bce *. according to puranas this cycle of transit into Maga Nakshtra returned from 477-377 bce and the last Andhra dynasty or Satvahanas finished before 377 bce with a interval of 6-7 decades in which many dynasties Including one CHANDRAHMAS whoes father was barber was leading ruler in gangatic region. We have one previous king from sandrakotuus known inn greek accounts as Xandramese who is as per distorted chronology made out as Dhanananda. EVEN if sandrakottus ie greek for Chandragupta can be mistaken for Maurya but we cant derive Any Nanda including dhanananda as Xandramese but it fits exactly to Chandrahmaas . In fact when describing the Ganga ppl or GANGADIRAI whoes king/Kings is Xandramese who is the son of barbar .he fit very accurately with puranic accounts .. but no where in any Indic source do we Find Nandas as barbers .. now day tv serial distort further like recent one on Chanragupta maurya on sony tv. Also we have succeding king to sandrakottus as SAndracyptus which again does not match Binbdusara but go well with Samudragupta .**Megasthenes - mention no of 153-154 kings before Alexander or sandakottus in dealing with Indian kinglist from Manu as provided by Puranic pundits of the times of Magasthenes to him. Just as the Gupta power was estb and main puranic narration ends with the statement "" ..Now the Kings of Guptg line would enjoy Kashi , saket, prayag and magahda ...""The Megasthenes record the begining of this chronology is year 6700 BCE ie 6400+ years from present times of Megasthenes . This is clear reference of Puranic Saptarishi cycle system . The cycle who's recounting started in 6777 BCE in which Saptarishis were in Maga in 3177-3077 BCE again when the Andhras eneded in 477-377 bce period I first came to know 3 consecutive kings who held suzurnity one after other in north India ,from Kota's work while generally only first two are talked and misinterpreted by William Jones and his followers ie ..#3 Cosecutive kings Jones interpretation Kota's pointer Xandramese =. Dhanananda =. Chandrashri satkarni Sandrakottus =. Chandragupt Maurya =. Chandragupta 1 vijayaditya Sandracyptus =. Ignored ----- =. Samudragupt In above we only have one fit with Jones chronology but not other 2 . While basing on Puranic / Traditional Indic Chronology we all 3 correct fit .Here Kota takes the first ie Xandramese as Chandrashri Satkarni, the last Andhra ruler before Guptas , this which Kota takes as Xandrames, as phonitically it Chandrashri too can be taken as Xandrameses But after deeper and insightful study of Indic / Puranic literature, I go with the deeper insight provided by Sethna works that This Xandramese is nagavamshi Chandrahmas of Puranas who came in between end of Andhras and before the rise of Guptas as Purana show us..and this I have detailed in earlier posts ..pls ck that . #So the correct identity of these 3 consecutive kings : #3 Cosecutive kings of greek accounts True Identity Xandramese =. Chandranmaasa Sandrakottus =. Chandragupt 1 vijayaditya Sandracyptus =. Samudragupt Ashokaditya #Read the works of Kota Venkatchalam who in 1950-60's worked and presented all research on the chronology, all English works are available on internet fully downloadable ..but I disagree with him on certain ,only on some nuances ..which have been worked out very well by K D Sethna ..read "" Ancient India in new Light' ....Pub by Aditya prakashan / voice of India books..also in 80' many conferences held by Shkti group of Chennai brought them out as books and the the Bhartiya Itihaas Sankalan yojna with who I have been associated has brought out many works on history and chronology... Also can see some popular blogs on history like contrivers in History , about Sheet Anchor History or did Megasthenes visited Chandrgupta Mauryas etc for some popular info ..
Finally a history lecture by an Indian Professor which is without bias and it is really objective .... rather than unanimously praising the gupta period , u have given all the facts of period... very well done Madam
- The paper is on the social and cultural history of India, specifically focusing on the Gupta period (4th to 5th century CE).
- The objectives of the study include: studying the account of the Chinese traveler Fa-Hsien, examining differences between norms and actual practices, discussing the role of royal women, urban life, education (including astronomy, mathematics, philosophy, Sanskrit literature, and medical knowledge), religious development, architecture, and sculpture. The Gupta period is also analyzed in terms of whether it can be regarded as a Golden Age or Classical Age of Indian history.
- The traveler Fadjen describes mutual admiration between Buddhists and Brahmanas in the Gupta Empire, as evidenced by a procession of Buddhists carrying images of Buddha that were welcomed by Brahmanas in the capital of Pataliputra.
- The Dharma Shastras of the Gupta period extensively deal with slavery, with a large number of slaves being domestic servants, and the attitude towards women as reflected in these normative texts idealizes women as the perfect wife and daughter, but limits their access to education and participation in philosophical discussions and property rights.
- Early marriages and pre-puberty marriages were advocated by Shastri authors and the earliest evidence of the practice of sati is recorded in the 6th century Aaron inscription in Madhya Pradesh.
- Elite women in ancient India were educated in various arts and 64 branches of knowledge and their status was depicted on the coins of the Guptas. The differences between norms and actual practices existed, and there is some evidence that urban centers were on the decline in the Gupta period due to the decentralization of the state and economy.
- The daily life of a city dweller, as described in the Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana, was full of comfort and luxury. It highlights that the city life was not altogether lost during the Gupta period.
- Education and the advancements in various branches during the Gupta period was imparted by ashrams, Buddhist and Jain monasteries, mainly for the upper castes (Brahmanas and Kshatriyas) and technical knowledge. Interactions with the Hellenistic and Arab worlds greatly influenced the developments in astronomy, mathematics, and philosophy. The Indian numerals were introduced to the Arabs and named as "Hinda Zhou."
- Discusses the concept of time in ancient India, including linear and cyclic time, the use of regnal years and eras, and the development of genealogies in the Puranas
- Describes the developments in Sanskrit literature during the Gupta period, including the works of famous playwrights and poets like Kali Dasa and Vasudeva, as well as the finalization of the major Puranas and Dharma Shastras
- Outlines the advancements in the field of medicine during the Gupta period, including the earliest surviving texts on medicine, the Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita
- Examines the religious developments during the Gupta period, including the range of religions like Buddhism, Jainism, and Vaishnavism, and the development of icons of gods and goddesses, including the cult of Devi and the worship of consorts of male deities like Parvati and Lakshmi
- Mentions the influence of tantric beliefs on several religions, including Buddhism, and the development of pantheism and the tantric rites.
Thank you ma'am
Greek Sandrakottus is Chandragupta I of gupta dynasty as per Indic Traditional Chronology
1 # the time of chankaya and Mauryas was far far away from the time of Alexander and porus ..they were not contemporary#But at present we conti with Present chronological with its Historic vision.But it run counter to the Indic and traditional chronology coming from India's own sources and we can also include outside foreign sources if interpreted correctly . It was the present Indological timelines and historic narrative was distorted in last over 200 years by misinterpretation by western Euro colonial missionary Indologist in 19 th century starting from William Jones -Max muller-J F Fleet etc who distorted _concocted_misinterpreted .. Coming to the point here time frame of Chankaya and Mauryas is far removed from times of Alexander and porus ..so its present misinterpretation to assume the PArvatak as Porus . Puranic timeline or Indic chronology places the Mauryas in 1500 BCE period while we have Chandragupta I of Gupta dynasty founder coming in 320 BCE period as per Indic sources . It was wilful concoction and distortion of Jones in 10 anniversary lecture of Asiatic society in 1783 which was Kind of Eureka moment from where he wilfully reduced Indic chronology by 1200-1300 years.Like we have only Sandrakottus in greek accounts which cud be any of the founder . but placing Maurya chandra in place of Gupta founder he was able to cut 1300 of our historic period. Its obvious from his stated objective to reduce Puranic chronology to fit biblical timeline of world creation in 4004 BCE . we don't have in Indic accounts Chanakaya and Mauryas any mention of Alexander and greeks any where .similarly in greek accounts we have only Sandrakottus and no where any mention of Chanakaya and Maurya . its only since Jones we have misplaced we have got prison house of this sheet anchor of Alexander being contemporary to Maurya Chandragupta.Similarly based on broken greek accounts westeners have distorted the defeat of Alexander leading to revolt in his army and forced retreat not thru the territory which was under his control but thru south along indus and then along sea and land route back broken. Any military analist wud have advise retreat shud have been thru the way he came and not thru unconquered territory where he wud have to continuously fight to penetrate . It was false western narrative .2 # the traditional account as per Puranic and other Indic sources .Puranas give timeline from MahaBharta to rise of Guptas in 4 th Circa BCE. They do the it triple way leaving no doubt to timeline .1.the flow of dynasties with total kings and total time they had .2. Time interval between different Kings or Dynasties . eg Time interval from Parikshit 3102 bce to Mahapadma nanda is 1500 years ie 1634 bce . 100 years for Nanda range so rise of Mauryas is 1534 bCE .3. Passage of time in Cycle of Saptarishi (which is fact mentioned by Megasthenes* ) .this is 2700 cycle with 100 years passage of Saptrishi in all 27 nakshtras . from 3177 - 3077 was the period of transit in Maga wher all the events of Mahabharata happened including . coronation of parikshit and begining of Kali yuga in 3102 bce . which is the Real sheet Anchor point in Indic Puranic traditional chronology. The begning and the conti recounding cud have been going from 6777 bce *. according to puranas this cycle of transit into Maga Nakshtra returned from 477-377 bce and the last Andhra dynasty or Satvahanas finished before 377 bce with a interval of 6-7 decades in which many dynasties Including one CHANDRAHMAS whoes father was barber was leading ruler in gangatic region. We have one previous king from sandrakotuus known inn greek accounts as Xandramese who is as per distorted chronology made out as Dhanananda. EVEN if sandrakottus ie greek for Chandragupta can be mistaken for Maurya but we cant derive Any Nanda including dhanananda as Xandramese but it fits exactly to Chandrahmaas . In fact when describing the Ganga ppl or GANGADIRAI whoes king/Kings is Xandramese who is the son of barbar .he fit very accurately with puranic accounts .. but no where in any Indic source do we Find Nandas as barbers .. now day tv serial distort further like recent one on Chanragupta maurya on sony tv. Also we have succeding king to sandrakottus as SAndracyptus which again does not match Binbdusara but go well with Samudragupta .**Megasthenes - mention no of 153-154 kings before Alexander or sandakottus in dealing with Indian kinglist from Manu as provided by Puranic pundits of the times of Magasthenes to him. Just as the Gupta power was estb and main puranic narration ends with the statement "" ..Now the Kings of Guptg line would enjoy Kashi , saket, prayag and magahda ...""The Megasthenes record the begining of this chronology is year 6700 BCE ie 6400+ years from present times of Megasthenes . This is clear reference of Puranic Saptarishi cycle system . The cycle who's recounting started in 6777 BCE in which Saptarishis were in Maga in 3177-3077 BCE again when the Andhras eneded in 477-377 bce period
I first came to know 3 consecutive kings who held suzurnity one after other in north India ,from Kota's work while generally only first two are talked and misinterpreted by William Jones and his followers ie ..#3 Cosecutive kings Jones interpretation Kota's pointer Xandramese =. Dhanananda =. Chandrashri satkarni Sandrakottus =. Chandragupt Maurya =. Chandragupta 1 vijayaditya Sandracyptus =. Ignored ----- =. Samudragupt In above we only have one fit with Jones chronology but not other 2 . While basing on Puranic / Traditional Indic Chronology we all 3 correct fit .Here Kota takes the first ie Xandramese as Chandrashri Satkarni, the last Andhra ruler before Guptas , this which Kota takes as Xandrames, as phonitically it Chandrashri too can be taken as Xandrameses But after deeper and insightful study of Indic / Puranic literature, I go with the deeper insight provided by Sethna works that This Xandramese is nagavamshi Chandrahmas of Puranas who came in between end of Andhras and before the rise of Guptas as Purana show us..and this I have detailed in earlier posts ..pls ck that .
#So the correct identity of these 3 consecutive kings :
#3 Cosecutive
kings of greek accounts True Identity
Xandramese =. Chandranmaasa
Sandrakottus =. Chandragupt 1 vijayaditya
Sandracyptus =. Samudragupt Ashokaditya
#Read the works of Kota Venkatchalam who in 1950-60's worked and presented all research on the chronology, all English works are available on internet fully downloadable ..but I disagree with him on certain ,only on some nuances ..which have been worked out very well by K D Sethna ..read "" Ancient India in new Light' ....Pub by Aditya prakashan / voice of India books..also in 80' many conferences held by Shkti group of Chennai brought them out as books and the the Bhartiya Itihaas Sankalan yojna with who I have been associated has brought out many works on history and chronology...
Also can see some popular blogs on history like contrivers in History , about Sheet Anchor History or did Megasthenes visited Chandrgupta Mauryas etc for some popular info ..
Thank you so much Ma'am
Thank you mam it's was really usefull and easy to understand
Very nice mam
Finally a history lecture by an Indian Professor which is without bias and it is really objective .... rather than unanimously praising the gupta period , u have given all the facts of period... very well done Madam
Mam plzzz speak clearly...i dont understand some words....but u covered whole ch. Very nicely 😊