What is the Difference Between Single Phase and Three Phase???
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- Опубликовано: 18 май 2024
- Single phase power and 3 phase power are terms we hear quite frequently in the electrical world. But what are the differences between them? In the latest episode of Electrician U, Dustin explains the differences and benefits to each in a never-ending pursuit to answer our followers’ questions.
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Let’s start off by defining them. Single phase is referring to a single loop of current flow. One big loop! One can also think of single phase as two hots (typically A and B phase or Black and Red). Current is flowing TO the load on one wire (say the black wire) and returning TO the source on the other wire (say the red wire). They are also alternating back and forth between pulling and pushing the current flow. Try to conceptualize the sine wave chart. As one of the conductors is pushing the current (black), the other is pulling (red). Until they both get to the neutral (or zero point) where it begins to go the other way. Black will pull and red will push.
Three-phase on the other hand is referring to 3 loops of current flow from 3 separate generating sources. Same type of general concept except that they are tied together. As before with single phase, current left on the black, travelled thru the load, and returned on the red. Here in three phase, current leaves on the black, travels thru the load, and returns on the red. However, that red ALSO happens to be powering the one side of its own generator as well that will leave on its red conductor and return on another conductor (blue). This blue is ALSO tied to ITS own generator that current will leave on the blue, travel thru the load, and return on the black, and we start the sequence all over again! So, they are all separate loops but tied together to form another loop so they can share the load amongst themselves.
The terms Primary and Secondary also come into play here. Primary refers to the conductors on the side Feeding the transformer, Secondary refers to the conductors on the other side that will be utilized by us. Transformers operate by induction. When we push/pull current thru the transformer on the primary side of the coil, it induces movement of current on the other secondary coil (transformers have coils that are close to one another but not touching) and that current flow is what provides us the stepped down power we need.
One of the big reasons WHY we would use 3-phase for some applications is due to efficiency. Remember our sine wave chart? On single phase, work is being done when the points are at their farthest distances apart from one another. But when they both come back to the zero point (at the same time, remember), there is no work being done at all as they are both at zero. On a 3-phase system, when one of the 3 phases is doing ALL the pushing, the pulling action on the other end is being shared equally by the other 2 phases. And that alternates between all three of the sets. So, on a sine wave chart, when one conductor is at its highest point, the other two are not exactly opposite of it because they are sharing the work. And, then THEY alternate also. So, at no point is anything sitting idle on a three phase, thus more efficient for larger scale type items like factories, plants, warehouses, etc.
We can also get motors in either single phase or three-phase. Same type of concept and for the same reasons. Efficiency! The three-phase motors share the work among the three points of power.
We hope this answers the age old question of the differences between single phase and three phase. Please continue to follow Dustin and Electrician U as we are constantly adding new content to bring clarity to the electrical trade!
#electrician #electrical #electricity #
The clarity by which something is defined will determine the effectiveness of its application. Nice work!
Men can menstruate and get pregnant
@@kurt10k74 that's funny af.
Place a magnet in between and you can run a small country for week. 😅
I am a field electrician and I was unable to go to school,I'm so appreciative of all the content you put forth .thank you so much
It’s never too late to get in a program. Check out ABC
@@WestHaddnin why? Not hating just curious to the pros and benefits
@@WestHaddnin isn't it expensive? You only need hours for JMANS.
abc the biggest rat outfit in the nation... go to the local ibew hall
@@WestHaddnin no abc the biggest rat outfit in the nation...
The reason why he can explain things this well is because he really understands what he's teaching. If you can't explain something complicated in simple terms then you really don't understand it. These are in some ways not advanced concepts but the way he explains it makes it 100 times easier to understand. Great work.
Agree, not advanced concepts, but could you imagine Michael Faraday watching this video?
I’m a 1st year and always have trouble understanding this. I just knew three phase had 3 hot conductors and single had 2. You’re a great teacher man, seriously thank you
Pairs of wires makes a phase. 2 wires is one pair - A-B. 3 wires makes three pairs - A-B, B-C, C-A. It's not 3 times the power because you are re-using the feeds. 10A of 3 phase is worth 17A of single phase for a given voltage. Makes a big old difference when you're wiring motors and transformers and the like. You can run 3 5A draws on 10A of 3 phase. No problem if you wire it correctly.
Two phase is an obsolete system used in motors so they cannot call the split phase two phase.
@@okaro6595 I'm not sure why your reply applies to my posting, but while I agree that two phase is pretty much obsolete, it's still out there in pockets, and it was *usually* set up with four wires so that each pair of wires was one phase. It was 90 degrees out of phase instead of 120 degrees.
I also agree that split phase is not two phase. Nobody should call it two phase.
You know, I should have said "pairs of hot conductors make a phase" instead of just "pairs of wires". Is that where the confusion was?
@@mikegraham7078 not true… for a 400/230 system we have in the UK the equivalent power for 10 amps ignoring power factor
3 phase, 10 amps = 400*sqrt3*10= 6928W
1 phase 10 amps = 230*10= 2300W
@@ollieb7394 You're changing the voltage in your calculation. My point is that 3 phase of a given voltage is 1.7 times (root 3) that of single phase. So 10A of 240V three phase is the same amount of power as 17A of 240V single phase. Yes, I am rounding root 3 to 1.7 so there will be rounding error, but the statement stands as it was made.
This means that if you are powering a 20HP motor with single phase (not sure why you would want to) then you would need more current, and therefore larger conductors than you would to power a 20HP motor with the same voltage of 3 phase.
Excellent simplified explanation, including capacitors at the end. Thanks Dustin!
Pretty obtuse subject for the average person, very well explained. You have a knack for teaching. Kudos!
maybe I'm just going thru a phase but after this video I'm acute person 😂
more then a knack this is simplified with engineering practicality . I work around this stuff on poles and while we just get the dont touch . PPE aspect its cool to know how it works, and why. My votech and tech clases never broke it down like this...
That was fantastic! It’s the first time I truly started to understand some of the principles of electricity! You did a marvelous job in presenting it simply.
I stand amazed. I actually believed I’d never be able to grasp this whole thing, but now I get it. What an excellent presentation. Thank you.
Open up a car alternator. If you look closely at the stator setup in the alternator, you will see it is made up of three separate windings/stators. The three windings/stators produces three phase current as they are set at 120° apart from each other. What turns the three phase current from AC to DC is the diode trio the stators are connected to. Car's used to use generators. The reason alternators are used instead of generators is because alternators are more efficient, smaller and can be controlled easier than generators.
Those old automotive generators were larger than a big starter
@@markchidester6239 don't forget to mention the vehicles battery supplies the capacitance to filter out the ripple out of the rectifiers. The diodes cut off the bottom half of the sine wave resulting in pulsating dc. the battery smoothes out the ripple for most dc electronics in the vehicle. Any veteran car audio tech will tell you alternator whine via ground loops has been an issue since the standardization of unbalanced signal distribution ( aka RCA unbalanced cables) Twisted Pairs in multi channel cabling helped for sure , nothing beats the balanced cable for interference
and noise regection
@@johnrackiewicz286 can that whine also be lowered by running the power cable on the opposite side as the audio cables? even though the wires are insulted the distortion from the giant power still bleeds through when you smash the gas. 12-2 over and out
Very well done, Dustin. I am a Professional Engineer in Electrical Engineering and you explained a tough concept/topic very well, indeed! Thank you!
molly.. singe phase gives you 220 or 440,. one way a>b.. 3 phase gives you 220 or 440 three different way a>b, b>c, c>a.
i have no idea how you think this explains the difference between single phase and 3 phase
@@jjohnsice What does the video leave out or get wrong?
Could you imagine if Dustin had to keep his hands in one spot for one video? He would probably internally combust lol
@@garrysekelli6776 just found a lost dog
🐶🐶
No the hands are everything this is how i talk and how i’m learning
You need to spec and over current protective device to avoid that 😂 😉
As an Italian, I don’t know how someone can talk without moving their hands! 😉
Thank you DUSTIN. I’ve been struggling to understand this but you’ve made it much more clear.
awesome video thanks. im a engineer on a tug boat and we use 3 phase on our gens. i been to some schools for electronics but it was never explained like this. i appreciate it i have a better understanding of how it works now.
I’m impressed! I wasn’t sure I’d be able to follow along searching for answers I was looking for, with out being bored, overwhelmed, or impatient.
This is an incredibly difficult topic to explain to a DIYer or someone new in the electrical field, yet you cover it expertly and clearly. Thank you so much for everything you do to help us along!
Yeah... Don't try to diy if you're not an electrician
@@possibility28able I have no intention of working on transformers or replacing a service panel, but learning from a professional gives me confidence to chase down a short or install a new appliance with proper wiring.
Yea, it's not expertly or clearly. Most of it is wrong.
@@traditionaltools5080 site your sources.
@@alexdasilva3935 basic electric theory. See my previous post.
Hands down the best explanation of 3ph vs 1ph I've ever heard. amazing job ,,, Thx !!!
Your teaching is great!
I'm so glad I found this channel. I've learned so much from you.
Thank you
Best explanation i ve ever heard for this. I'm 60 years old and have been trying to understand this my entire life. great job
This is the best explanation 3 phase ive seen. Appreciated
Love your channel! Everything is explained so well and for me the drawings greatly improve my understanding of what you're talking about. I'm just starting as a Pre Apprentice so all of these videos are going to help so much once I'm in the field!
I'm approaching 60 and I never understood this as I now do. Your breakdown was the key--simple but detailed at the same time. Cheers.
Excellent explanation of 3 phase vs. Single phase. I’ve watched 7 other videos and couldn’t understand it well enough until I watched this one.
Dude, You Da Man !
After reading all kinds of books and online tutorials , I've always found it difficult to understand the basics of electricity.
Your visual illustrations make it amazingly simple, for someone like me with a thick head, to understand.
Excellent visual and verbal teaching skills.
Ill be directing all my apprentices (and fellow journeymen 😜) to this channel
Its an excellent refresher! You do an amazing job explaining everything, thank you!
I wish this channel had been around during my own training
Good video Dustin. This also happens in reverse even when we don't want it to with three phase. I work on a lot of pump Jacks for oilfield and when they are on drives and the weights are out of balance and crest over the peak and they are weight heavy they start pushing the motor and the motor starts generating voltage back into the drive. This has to either be fixed by balancing the weights properly or a dynamic breaking resistor put in place to catch the motor generated voltage and it shunts it and turns it into heat
Same way engines can be bump started i guess? Wheels turning, drop the clutch, turns the motor?
I believe this how electric car regenerate the power and puts it back in the car battery when you take foot off the accelerate and push the brake paddle
This was and immensely helpful explanation. The multiple visuals you add with the board help tons with my understanding. Looking forward to what your courses are like once I get into them. Giving myself till my second year start then I'm gonna hit those books. Love the content, keep it up!
Great information! I am just starting out in this electrical stuff and had no clue about single and 3 phase applications. Now I do. Mission accomplished.
I'm so glad you explain things so nicely, I finally get it!
Oh, one last comment... maybe 25 years ago i was obliquely involved with the sale of a huge printing company... they moved their ginormous Heidelburg Press to a location that was cost prohibitive to bring in 3phase.... i was fascinated by the way they resolved this... and intently watched out of curiosity this entire process and could understand the electrical hook up but your video shed new light on it... causing a full understand of what they were doing... anyway they made and hooked up a single phase to 3 phase motor device that used single phase to generate onsite 3phase... your explanation in this video sparked that memory and a 25yr old Light Bulb Went OFF.... freak'n cool... the new owner of this company was a very smart guy and smart people rule... : ) you sir obviously like what you do and are a very good teacher to boot, good for you and continued much sucess... " GOAT " status for sure.... hahaha 👍
1st month completed as an apprentice, was told to rephase Motors and when the boss explained i was lost. This visual helped me a lot when I had my lunch break! Thank you
This is the best video I have ever seen. Super understandable for a visual learner like me.
Incredible break down! Very helpful sir!
If your HVAC motor refuses to start, the first place to look is the capacitor. Very common failure point and required for the reason explained here.
Best explanation I’ve seen. You make this subject so easy to learn. Great job
Much better explanation than my trainer at work gave me, thanks!
Good job explaining. More of these quick lessons are a definite plus to the channel !
PS, I think the capacitor at the end messes people up, haha.
Maybe explaining the reactance chart(Eli and iceman) and a 30 degree shift between delta and eye connections for next video ?
Much love man, you help me a lot !
This is the single best explanation of this science that I've ever seen. Great job - earned a subscriber...
wow I've seen lost of videos and this one cleared a lot of questions that no one else answered. great video. thumbs up.
I think what confuses many new electricians is that we deliver single phase power (to residences) but most of the circuits we use are split-phase. Graphing an example of split phase is helpful. It also helps them understand crossed phases.
Aaron. Well written
Can you elaborate
How are the circuits split phase
@@dannydropsda8616because there are 2 x phase conductors.
I like how you make this stuff easy to comprehend.
I have a BS and MS in Electrical Engineering and took power distribution with lab back in the late 90s. I fully understand the theory behind all of this stuff but I am in awe at how well you explain all of the important parts. I love this channel, thank you for all you put out there.
What school did you go to? Was getting your BAS very hard?
@@machoman616 I went to an upper tier university in the United States. The BS was harder than the MS mainly because of the number of credit hours required. I also finished it around 20 years ago so I probably forgot a lot of the trauma.
I’m currently in the middle of my apprenticeship to become a master electrician. Do you think a master electrician can make as much as an electrical engineer?
@@machoman616 probably more.
Absolutely great representation! I’ve learned so much and always enjoy!
Seriously, your content is great for anyone in the trade. Apprentace to master electrician. Thanks
Hey man, been watching your videos from my day 1 as an apprentice. I am now a 2 year apprentice running jobs thanks to this knowledge. way better teaching than my journeyman who sat on his ass all day. Trying to push forward and would like to see a video on the possible amount of money you can make as a master electrician.
I'm glad you mentioned about the 'color' of the wires. it's infuriating that some people struggle with an inability to distinguish between a symbol (colour of the metal sleeve) and the thing for which it stands (the electrical current in the system).
They looked at having 6, 9, even 12 phase transmission lines back when things were rolling out. But the inductive/capacitive losses between the phases ate up any advantages compared to the cost of running that much more wire.
6 was actually pretty efficient.. After that you got diminishing returns and cost effectiveness went down
Got to had it to you, you explained that better than any teacher I have had.
I really appreciate all your videos man it's helped me tremendously. Keep up the good work
Finally someone who can explain it succinctly and correctly. Now I understand!
Good show I feel like I’m getting closer to understanding it 👍🏾
Good description of a start cap.
Your a great teacher! I love helping others and teaching as well. I am a senior technician at DieboldNixdorf and have new guys that need training. I see it as not only an extension of your skills conveyed to another but also as a chance to instill your passion into another person 😊
Another good informational video. keep em coming.
This is exactly what I needed. More theory videos please!
Awesome video thoroughly explained as usual. Thank you
Easily the best description of a 3 phase motor I've heard!
many thanks. i became an electrician last year without going to school ( may will be one year ). lucky enough to be taught green. i have a lot more technical questions that my boss is not very good at explaining ( his hands move a week ahead of his brain ). so thank you for teaching it very well.
Thank you for finally making all that make sense. I've always been curious what these two phases meant. Thanks for visualizing it for me.
By the way, where'd you get the digitizer? And what software are you using? This is super cool and I'd love to get one.
awesome job of explaining this! thank you
You explain this very well. Thank you!
Fantastic, thank you so much. You actually made this so I could understand it. Thank you
Great video. Love these topics. You are a damn good teacher.
Great vid !! Thanks for sharing!
Good info. In this field . Always something new to learn. Thanks dude
You are so much better than my lecturers. Good work man.
Good stuff. You explain it in a great way!
Thanks for video, really helpful 👍
clearly explained! great job!
Excellent - full marks! Thank you.
Amazing video literally such a good teacher
So Easy to follow thanks!
This is absolutely amazing! Thank you so much, you did a fantastic job of explaining this is a manner easily grasped.
This really hyped me up! This helped me grasp everything and make everything fall into place and make sense! Ironically much like a circuit where it doesn’t work until it’s a complete loop
great video! very well explained!
Excellent explanation of electric sine wave generation!
This is good stuff. Thank you Dustin
Great! Thank you. This was a mystery to me for a long time. Now that I need three-phase power for my woodworking and CNC machines, this comes in handy. Not sure if you have a video about a rotary converter, such as American Rotary products or others, that would be awesome. Thanks again.
Man, I love this channel.... Dustin, you are a great teacher! Any apprentice or noobie joining the electrical field, this IS the channel to subscribe to. You make electrical theory FUN to learn! Kudos my friend!
Omg, such a fantastic explanation! Great video!
Dustin I have had a lot of teachers but never one like you brother !! Thanks for always sharing your knowledge and if it counts I'm putting your knowledge to use in Mexico city so imagine that ,!!
This video made this concept finally click for me - thank you!!!!
Great simple explanation. Got the answer I was looking for 7 minutes in.
excellent explanation - I always look at it like this .. Single phase is generated in one set of windings and 3 phase, 3 separate windings.
When the generator makes 1 revolution, you induce voltage in 3 separate windings for 3 phase and single voltage for single phase (Single Sign wave) Single phase typical home use has one hot (Black wire) ,one neutral (White wire) 3 phase has 3 hot wires typical industry call Line 1, Line 2 Line 3 or L1, L2, L3 (each phase 120 deg off set) and in the US it is color code (black, red, and blue are used for 208 VAC three-phase) and brown, orange and yellow for 480 VAC)
Too good with your explanation ..finally, I can understand. Thank you so much.
Thank you sir this was a great video to the evening with. 👍 you are fantastic at bringing rhe information to life
Neat video, you forgot to mention a key benefit, as compared to single phase,
by adding one more wire you can almost double the power delivery!
I prefer to view 3 phase as separate windings etc that share the same spinning generator and conductors…. In a sense they both work together and separately
WOW!!!!! I mean WOW!!!! Super grateful for this explanation. THANK YOU!!!!!
Great explanation! Thank you!
Excellent explanation. Well done,
Great simple explanation, couple things I wish you would've provided for additional background:
- The excitation required for the rotor (shaft) on a generator to induce voltage on the stator (outside coils) as it spins.
- The role magnets play in transformers. I'd be carful telling people that electricity is transformed onto the load side across an air gap. Rather the movement of the current through the primary windings as it wraps around a magnet induces a current on the magnet, which through the ratio of the coils on the low side wrapped around the same magnet in comparison to the high side creates the inverse of voltage/current output on the secondary windings.
Not trying to puff my chest or anything like that. Just a bit of a nerd for electricity.
dude teaches better and waaay faster than any boring class room. say im lyin??? great content as usual. its 2am and he has me wanting to start wiring right now. my bouy has energizer bunny energy!
This was a wonderful explanation.
hey man youre a good teacher - props… just wanted to let u know
Excellent video. You provide a great visual to what others may find difficult to understand. Most of the folks that I work with follow drawings created by an electrical design engineer. To most of these guys, it's basically color by numbers. They may not understand the theory behind what they are doing and their work is basically assigning the black wire here, the blue wire there and thew red.... you get what I mean. You illustrated the science behind it so that they can understand what these wires do and the method by which the engineer designed it.
That actually made sense, you're a good teacher, I have ADD and a lot of the time I have to watch something like umpteen times before it makes sense. However I have always wondered how do you tell if your house is three phase or single phase ?
Thanks I needed a reminder
Good explanation , I appreciate your videos man , always been a go to since day 1
Thank you this, really helped me understand. And seem smart to me boss
I have learned so much from your videos.
Thanks again maestro Electrian U is my pleasure to stay watch your videos and i keep learning a lot from your advice and your electrical knowledge thanks maestro Electrian U stay safe and blessed and healthy
At first I was a bit lost but it started making more sense as you went along. N you did answer one question I had which was how something uses 1 phase vs 3 phase. My second question is how a converter box takes 1 phase from the wall n makes it run 3 phase? So you can run a 3 phase motor on 1 phase. I know there's boxes that do all that for you n you just hook up the wires n go about your day but I can't help but wonder how it's able to do it
Modern phase splitting involves solid state electronics, you take the 1 phase AC, rectify (convert) to DC, then using 6 MOSFETs with a timing circuit gate the MOSFETs on and off in a way that makes stepped DC that looks like AC. This is the same method used for AC car outlets only with less MOSFETs.
The old method involves using capacitors to shift the current vector, its complicated to explain without getting into vector charts. This is method has been almost entirely replaced by solid state systems.
A third method would be to used a motor-generator. The motor side is a 1 phase machine, the generator side is 3 phase. This also works for DC to AC conversion without using solid state equipment. This method is also used to adjust frequency for special equipment, by changing the number of magnetic poles on the generator you change the frequency while maintaining the same speed. This method is usually found in naval applications or old equipment that required very clean DC voltage that was hard to rectify before modern solid state systems.
@@iGameriOS ELI the ICE man