This channel always covers the most ridiculously unknown topics, each distant from the other. Really neat, love learning about obscure historical facts
@@ABLEARC no I did mean distant, as in geographically diverse. On time its India, one time its Oceania, one time its the americas, and so on and so forth
Now I have an obvious question: Are there any portion of the Great Hedge which still survived anywhere in modern India or Pakistan? I can't imagine anything but old remaining of the Great Hedge surviving as unassuming bushes in some local Indian landscapes...
Allan Octavian Hume is notable in modern Indian history for very important things like founding the Indian National Congress, and also in ornithology circles for basically kickstarting the field here. This Hedge project seems to have become very obscure and forgotten.
@@SmashingCapital I’m in a college class on Modern Asian history. It only covers the Mughals onward but just that time period is super interesting. Definitely a place with a rich and ancient history.
I find it to be more disgusting than fascinating. This video is about Brits trying to figure out how to tax something as basic as salt to oblivion in the midst of a great famine. The rate at which these great famines occurred increased drastically under British rule. Tens of millions of Indians died in all these famines. Yet it is not propagated in modern pop culture (even though the Nazi-perpetrated holocaust is) simply because it is the Germans that lost WW2, not the Brits. These days we have Brits talking about how British colonial rule of India actually helped India and how the famines are not attributable to British rule. All this while the modern nation state of UK still has colonies to this day like the Chagos Archipelego where it has kicked out the natives despite the International Court of Justice ruling that such an act is illegal. Yet seldom is that seen in pop culture either. It is true: history is written by the victors. I don't hate the UK or anything, but this woke virus they have been afflicted with is just pure karma. And I hope they suffer from it for a long time, just as we have suffered under them.
@death_parade I agree with crazyboris. There are many parts of the Raj that are not well known even by Indians themselves. And this is one part. I also agree with you that taxing such a common commodity seems very dumb. Until you take into account that salt was always taxed elsewhere, too. The word "salary" comes from Latin = salare = salt. People were paid with salt ,bread, beer ( Egyptians), wine, and some money. The same thing happened in the rest of Europe as well. But a hedge ? Excuse me if I find that very funny. Otoh, all they had to do was plant the damn bushes, trim them from time to time. And at least it was a natural way to build one. It certainly didn't require slaves to plant it, unlike the Great Wall where slaves were used. I also appreciate the fact that you mentioned the Chagos Islands. Very few people seem bothered by what happened. Otoh, there's another wall being planted now : the Great Green Wall in the Sahel . Though this one is much more vital than a hedge. Maybe you have heard about it? Just another thing, I can understand it, but wishing ill on others isn't good.
@@171_indranildutta6 Nor is Hinduism a religion. Nor is caste system real. What is your point? That the concept of *Bharat* and _Bharatiya sabhyata_ did not exist back then? Don't make me laugh.
@@death_parade existed but not as a nation u tell me is Himachal culture matches with Bengal??? nope then how can India be a single race or ethnicity ?
I'm guessing you wanted to do a Saint Patrick's day video, thought about doing something from Irish history which inevitably lead you to research both green things and British colonialism, and ended up somehow doing a video about the Indian hedge.
@@the_ratmeister But before that act any tea had to first be transported to England and from there to North America (or some other place), or alternatively it could be acquired from smugglers. The Tea Act made it so that the tea could be directly transported to North America which *lowered* the cost of tea so functionally it became *less* taxed.
@@angelcabeza6464 It lowered the price because before the Tea Act tea had to go through either some English merchants or people smuggling e.g. Dutch tea. I don't know what price level is "alarming" for you but in any case it's still a salient point that the price of tea came down as a result of the Tea Act.
Thanks for bringing awareness to this. I as an indian didn't know about this until a few years ago when i read the book. Completely forgotten but very interesting. The british found the salt tax very profitable so much that they didn't care Indians were dying from ACTUAL SALT DEPRIVATION. No wonder people smuggled salt
Most European colonies were run at a loss. Governing is extremely expensive even if you provide little to no services to the people you rule. Private companies were the ones making the profits off of cheap (slave) labor from the people in the colonies and the abundant natural resources
All they had to do was a quick census based on existing tax records from the local muckity mucks, calculate their own administrative & garrison costs, then tithe or tribute an appropriate percentage to be taken from the muckity mucks with the open promise of punishment if those local yokels passed on the costs of Empire onto the backs of the productive classes. While also! Openly offering trade opportunities independent of caste or creed. Bam! Profitable Empire... except that it requires seeing value in local institutions & allowing brown people autonomy over their own wealth. And we can't run a cruel, extractive enterprise by doing that, now can we? Control over profits, amirite?
Because they de-industrialised regions like bengal. Bengal’s textile industry was the best in the world and the average textile worker in bengal made more money and worked less hours than one in britain. After EIC took control of bengal they de-industrialised it and just used the cotton grown there to fuel the british textile industry
If the people dont have money they cant buy stuff. If they cant buy stuff then businesses cant sell stuff or have to lower their prices which hurts. Thats why taxing without giving at least some service back is kinda bad for the economy but try to explain that to a colonizer
This reminds me of one Jabzy's videos on what he called the "The Great Ditch of China". It was a ditch and a wall of willow set between Manchuria and China by the Qing dynasty in order to stop the Han from migrating into Manchuria.
Great Job improving your editing and great job documenting your recipes. You seem to be always learning.. I can see you teaching allot of people to make really good food
As a native Indian, I wasn't ever aware of this fact or taught this in our history books. Kudos to you for keeping these nuggets of history alive! Subscribed to you just now.
The Great Hedge of India is the perfect embodiment of the British Empire: seems kind of quaint and silly but actually really evil in a complicated boring way.
India won't take any revenge from Modern Brite because of their forefathers. We actually don't need to take revenge because the worst fate is getting islamisation of uk and specially England and its capital London. If you know the current fertility rate statistics and which community is growing most and even overtaken white and Christian people in some areas like London ,birmingham,etc. Then you will be able to understand that it will eventually happen, it is a matter of when and not how and if because of UK stupid politicians and your Navy and other human rights groups that let them come to the UK without any major checks and proper control.
Thank you for posting this. The first I heard about this hedge, was in a Horrible Histories clip, and, to be honest, it sounded made up, but then, a lot of historical anecdote's do.
This was such a great topic! The information required to understand why the hedge was there and why it was abandoned really makes you understand the economics and politics of late British imperialism in India!
The British didn't "tax stamps" in the American Colonies; the Stamp Tax was a tax for printed material. Every broadsheet, tract, etc had to have a stamp affixed to it to indicate the tax had been paid. Stamps were how British officials recognized the tax to have been paid, it wasn't what was being taxed.
The "tax on stamps" you mention at the beginning is, I assume, a reference to the Stamp Act, which was a lot more over-reaching than just stamps. It basically covered any legal document.
7:47 well it never really was about governing people, it was all about looting. The rise and fall of EIC is one of the most interesting topic. In the Early days of EIC getting control of Indian Subcontinent Warren Hastings trial regarding Rohillas war, Treatment of Raja Chetti Singh and Sacking of Begum of Awadh were some interesting incidents that are not so talked about.
Allan Octavian Hume is the same guy who founded Indian National Congress, which in 1930 under the leadership of Gandhi was instrumental in conducting massive protests against the Salt tax and was also a thorn in the side of the British for decades.
@@rustomkanishka yep it provided a forum for upper class Indians to organise and share their opinions which organically developed into an organisation against the tyrannical rule of British.
@@monsieur1936 yep. It grew into something amazing. But in the start it was laughable. Also the EIC made a third of their taxes from drugs. All the charitable houses started up by Parsis and all the big businesses, like Wadia and Tata, got their start selling drugs for the empire. They always tend to gloss over that part. (I am not Parsi, even though my name sounds like it. My ancestors weren't in the subcontinent at that time)
5:24 (in with the hedge pic:: " Average human height in 1870 was 5' 10" of 178 cm " that was not the height of avg person , not in India or globally. (the global avg has not reached 5' 10 yet...even after decades of relative peace time and far far better access to vastly better health care , diet, scientific understanding of diseases/cures/preventions etc etc) (Indians today have an avg height of 5'5" , which is approx 1.5 inches below the global average.) no nation reports having an avg of 5' 10" or above... Quite a few states reporting a 5' 9" average tho.
3:38 It wasn't really "smuggling". Many of those were traditional traders whose communities have been involved in it for hundreds of years. Brits setup check posts and started extracting wealth from them and they took inner routes to avoid this. So Brits setup check posts there. This continued for sometime. Eventually, Brits setup the big hedge to close the gap.
It was AO Hume who started the congress party in 1885. EIC was effectively under British govt from start of 19th century through Board of Directors reporting to British appointed Secretary of India... Credit to native Indian state for not taxing the basic necessity... Most native states were better governed despite the imposition of British foreign and trade policies at national level.. Some like Travancore aka Kerala had 47 percent literacy in 1950 when India under British had around 12 percent
This is a hedge so it easily disappeared by choice but it just makes me wonder what other great marvels of history disappeared without good drawing or photo like this.
I can not help but think of the ecological impact that hedge might had. Did it hinder migration? Or introduced new species? Some resemblance to the "Green Wall of Africa", to combat desertification?
That is the most British deterrence I’ve ever seen “Those rabble rousers will never touch our salt mines now their is a clear hedge, hedge means don’t come in, no one would be rude enough to get past it”
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Is there any living part of the great hedge wall left and living or is it completely gone to time?
This channel always covers the most ridiculously unknown topics, each distant from the other. Really neat, love learning about obscure historical facts
I think you meant to say distinct not distant.
@@ABLEARC no I did mean distant, as in geographically diverse. On time its India, one time its Oceania, one time its the americas, and so on and so forth
@@italianpc4119 ooohhh I gotcha. I like that thought process.
No way it's Italian P&C !!!
Now I have an obvious question: Are there any portion of the Great Hedge which still survived anywhere in modern India or Pakistan? I can't imagine anything but old remaining of the Great Hedge surviving as unassuming bushes in some local Indian landscapes...
There are some remains embankments found in Central India. These might be a part of the Hedge
In certain places people will point to a ditch and say that used to be the hedge. No one knows for sure.
There is apparently a bit left in Etawah in Uttar Pradesh, north Indian.
Allan Octavian Hume is notable in modern Indian history for very important things like founding the Indian National Congress, and also in ornithology circles for basically kickstarting the field here. This Hedge project seems to have become very obscure and forgotten.
So true, Nichijou cat
Thanks sakamoto
He made congress to control Indian leaders
What is present day status of great hedge
As an Indian with a huge knack for Indian history, this video really did come off as a surprise to me.
same here
We should study more indian history it seems intresting
@@SmashingCapital I’m in a college class on Modern Asian history. It only covers the Mughals onward but just that time period is super interesting. Definitely a place with a rich and ancient history.
@@SmashingCapital Yes! Indeed!
Same
Just by the title, I knew over the hedge would be referenced. Truly a cinematic masterpiece
I saw that too
In short:
"How do we get more money from salt?"
"We build a hedge"
Step three : Profit
Indian history tends to get overlooked, but its full of so many fascinating stories like this, great video, hope to see more
I find it to be more disgusting than fascinating. This video is about Brits trying to figure out how to tax something as basic as salt to oblivion in the midst of a great famine. The rate at which these great famines occurred increased drastically under British rule. Tens of millions of Indians died in all these famines. Yet it is not propagated in modern pop culture (even though the Nazi-perpetrated holocaust is) simply because it is the Germans that lost WW2, not the Brits. These days we have Brits talking about how British colonial rule of India actually helped India and how the famines are not attributable to British rule. All this while the modern nation state of UK still has colonies to this day like the Chagos Archipelego where it has kicked out the natives despite the International Court of Justice ruling that such an act is illegal. Yet seldom is that seen in pop culture either.
It is true: history is written by the victors. I don't hate the UK or anything, but this woke virus they have been afflicted with is just pure karma. And I hope they suffer from it for a long time, just as we have suffered under them.
@death_parade I agree with crazyboris. There are many parts of the Raj that are not well known even by Indians themselves. And this is one part. I also agree with you that taxing such a common commodity seems very dumb. Until you take into account that salt was always taxed elsewhere, too. The word "salary" comes from Latin = salare = salt. People were paid with salt ,bread, beer ( Egyptians), wine, and some money. The same thing happened in the rest of Europe as well. But a hedge ? Excuse me if I find that very funny. Otoh, all they had to do was plant the damn bushes, trim them from time to time. And at least it was a natural way to build one. It certainly didn't require slaves to plant it, unlike the Great Wall where slaves were used. I also appreciate the fact that you mentioned the Chagos Islands. Very few people seem bothered by what happened. Otoh, there's another wall being planted now : the Great Green Wall in the Sahel . Though this one is much more vital than a hedge. Maybe you have heard about it? Just another thing, I can understand it, but wishing ill on others isn't good.
@@death_parade there was no single race of indian in that era
@@171_indranildutta6 Nor is Hinduism a religion. Nor is caste system real. What is your point? That the concept of *Bharat* and _Bharatiya sabhyata_ did not exist back then? Don't make me laugh.
@@death_parade existed but not as a nation u tell me is Himachal culture matches with Bengal??? nope then how can India be a single race or ethnicity ?
I'm guessing you wanted to do a Saint Patrick's day video, thought about doing something from Irish history which inevitably lead you to research both green things and British colonialism, and ended up somehow doing a video about the Indian hedge.
The stamp act wasn't a tax on stamps, it was a tax on paper. Paper had the stamp on it to show the tax had been paid.
And neither did they tax tea. The Tea Act 1773 was a *tax exemption* given to the East India Company, not a tax on tea sold in the Americas.
@@marcustulliuscicero5443 IIRC the colonies were only allowed to buy EIC tea at inflated prices so functionally it was taxed.
@@the_ratmeister But before that act any tea had to first be transported to England and from there to North America (or some other place), or alternatively it could be acquired from smugglers. The Tea Act made it so that the tea could be directly transported to North America which *lowered* the cost of tea so functionally it became *less* taxed.
@@seneca983 no because it was sold at an alarming raised price learn your history
@@angelcabeza6464 It lowered the price because before the Tea Act tea had to go through either some English merchants or people smuggling e.g. Dutch tea. I don't know what price level is "alarming" for you but in any case it's still a salient point that the price of tea came down as a result of the Tea Act.
Does this video tell the origins of the term "hedge fund"?
Haha unrelated to this, but I can see the connection.
Separate origins both related to hedges.
We're going to build a hedge and India's going to pay for it.
*WOW* Thank you! 47 years and this is the first time I've heard of this! FASCINATING!!
47 years?
@@Soumyadeepchatterjee749 9/10 Doctors as well
@@Soumyadeepchatterjee749 Yeah that's how old I am lol
Thanks for bringing awareness to this. I as an indian didn't know about this until a few years ago when i read the book. Completely forgotten but very interesting.
The british found the salt tax very profitable so much that they didn't care Indians were dying from ACTUAL SALT DEPRIVATION. No wonder people smuggled salt
Who was dying of salt deprivation?
@@maxdavis7722Millions of Indians
The British never really cared about us.
Is that why crisps have gone up in price so much.
How did the caste system work under British rule? Was everyone under a British person considered an untouchable?
Fun fact: the humble Karonda (Carissa carandas) was used as the hedge. The same Karonda that we so love in our pickles.
the giant hedge running throughout India is like something from Carroll's Alice In Wonderland
Except people were dying everywhere, butchered raped
Almost impressive that when the EIC arrived India was one of the wealthiest parts of the world yet they only managed to run it at a loss.
Most European colonies were run at a loss. Governing is extremely expensive even if you provide little to no services to the people you rule. Private companies were the ones making the profits off of cheap (slave) labor from the people in the colonies and the abundant natural resources
All they had to do was a quick census based on existing tax records from the local muckity mucks, calculate their own administrative & garrison costs, then tithe or tribute an appropriate percentage to be taken from the muckity mucks with the open promise of punishment if those local yokels passed on the costs of Empire onto the backs of the productive classes. While also! Openly offering trade opportunities independent of caste or creed.
Bam! Profitable Empire... except that it requires seeing value in local institutions & allowing brown people autonomy over their own wealth. And we can't run a cruel, extractive enterprise by doing that, now can we? Control over profits, amirite?
They technically ran it at a loss, but greater British society was greatly enriched by the arrangement.
Because they de-industrialised regions like bengal. Bengal’s textile industry was the best in the world and the average textile worker in bengal made more money and worked less hours than one in britain. After EIC took control of bengal they de-industrialised it and just used the cotton grown there to fuel the british textile industry
If the people dont have money they cant buy stuff. If they cant buy stuff then businesses cant sell stuff or have to lower their prices which hurts. Thats why taxing without giving at least some service back is kinda bad for the economy but try to explain that to a colonizer
This reminds me of one Jabzy's videos on what he called the "The Great Ditch of China". It was a ditch and a wall of willow set between Manchuria and China by the Qing dynasty in order to stop the Han from migrating into Manchuria.
Here's a link to the video:
ruclips.net/video/l50KYHNgcf0/видео.html
This is an interesting part of history there Tigerstar. I hope to see more videos like this.
"We're going to build a hedge, and we're going to make the maharajahs pay for it."
Nicely done!
I actually knew about this beforehand because it was featured in an episode of horrible histories
Great Job improving your editing and great job documenting your recipes. You seem to be always learning.. I can see you teaching allot of people to make really good food
Every time I think I’ve learned a lot about history, I learn yet another new fact.
As a native Indian, I wasn't ever aware of this fact or taught this in our history books. Kudos to you for keeping these nuggets of history alive! Subscribed to you just now.
The Great Hedge of India is the perfect embodiment of the British Empire: seems kind of quaint and silly but actually really evil in a complicated boring way.
India won't take any revenge from Modern Brite because of their forefathers. We actually don't need to take revenge because the worst fate is getting islamisation of uk and specially England and its capital London. If you know the current fertility rate statistics and which community is growing most and even overtaken white and Christian people in some areas like London ,birmingham,etc. Then you will be able to understand that it will eventually happen, it is a matter of when and not how and if because of UK stupid politicians and your Navy and other human rights groups that let them come to the UK without any major checks and proper control.
Perfectly stated.
Thank you for posting this. The first I heard about this hedge, was in a Horrible Histories clip, and, to be honest, it sounded made up, but then, a lot of historical anecdote's do.
How much of the hedge remains? I asked myself, and Wikipedia responds by saying only a little tiny section which may or may not be part of it.
yeah, if it stll existed we in india would have heard about it. it was plant so it easily decomposed.
Please more history lessons video like this and more about India please
Hedges along the borders seem aesthetically pleasing. We should bring that back. Brighten up our divisions a bit.
✨✨✨✨normalize placing hedges on borders, especially militarized borders, it'll be good for soldier's mental health 😘😘💅💅💖💓✨✨✨✨✨
@@duck1ente Cyprus:
Nice video again mr tigerstar
First Australia has a large fence across it's continent, and now India had a hedge.
GROW THE HEDGE!!!
Now *that's* what I call a "hedge fund!"
0:17 The Stamp Act was not a tax on stamps it was a tax on paper products
Which source did you getthe average human height in 1870 from? 178cm or 5'10 seems a bit higher than the sources I could find
Yeah that's too high esp in India. Even today avg Indians aren't that tall.
This was such a great topic! The information required to understand why the hedge was there and why it was abandoned really makes you understand the economics and politics of late British imperialism in India!
Will you make a video on the tigray war?
It isn't an Emperor Tigerstar video without RIDGE WALLET.
does any part of the hedge still exist today?
its a plant, which could get easily removed, die and decompose. if it still existed we in india would have probably heard about it.
Remnants of the embankment it was planted on still exist, but the hedge itself is long dead.
5:08 dude looks like if you put rienhart heydrich into a 19th century prompt for an ai art program
Thanks to the Australian who invented refrigeration.
As an Indian this is the first time I am hearing of such a thing
The great wall of China vs the great hedge of India
There is a great wall in India but shorter than the one in China
There is a great wall in india the 2nd largest great wall after china built by rajputs to defend against islamic invaders.
Bureaucracy and profit 📈
This Over The Hedge prequel is crazy.
what's the music playing behind?
The British didn't "tax stamps" in the American Colonies; the Stamp Tax was a tax for printed material. Every broadsheet, tract, etc had to have a stamp affixed to it to indicate the tax had been paid. Stamps were how British officials recognized the tax to have been paid, it wasn't what was being taxed.
Damn the new Civ 7 world wonder lookin quite scrumptious
The "tax on stamps" you mention at the beginning is, I assume, a reference to the Stamp Act, which was a lot more over-reaching than just stamps. It basically covered any legal document.
Yep. Anything that literate people needed, which was mostly rich dudes
I've watched only one video made on this topic, so this is pretty new for may indians as well
7:47 well it never really was about governing people, it was all about looting. The rise and fall of EIC is one of the most interesting topic. In the Early days of EIC getting control of Indian Subcontinent Warren Hastings trial regarding Rohillas war, Treatment of Raja Chetti Singh and Sacking of Begum of Awadh were some interesting incidents that are not so talked about.
The music is a little to loud and distracting
Is "vachama gocharame" by thyagaraja playing in the background? Veena by Mysore Sundarachari Iyengar?
Allan Octavian Hume became one the the early advocates of Indian independence. He is known as one of the fathers of the Indian National Congress.
and the British still control India through INC...so you now know why he did what he did....
Allan Octavian Hume is the same guy who founded Indian National Congress, which in 1930 under the leadership of Gandhi was instrumental in conducting massive protests against the Salt tax and was also a thorn in the side of the British for decades.
Yep
His congress was mostly about rich educated Indians sending suggestions to the government.
@@rustomkanishka yep it provided a forum for upper class Indians to organise and share their opinions which organically developed into an organisation against the tyrannical rule of British.
@@monsieur1936 yep. It grew into something amazing. But in the start it was laughable.
Also the EIC made a third of their taxes from drugs. All the charitable houses started up by Parsis and all the big businesses, like Wadia and Tata, got their start selling drugs for the empire. They always tend to gloss over that part.
(I am not Parsi, even though my name sounds like it. My ancestors weren't in the subcontinent at that time)
@@rustomkanishka I did knew that EIC made money from drugs but never knew even Parsi businessmen did it. Thanks for enlightening me.
5:24 (in with the hedge pic::
" Average human height in 1870 was 5' 10" of 178 cm "
that was not the height of avg person , not in India or globally.
(the global avg has not reached 5' 10 yet...even after decades of relative peace time and far far better access to vastly better health care , diet, scientific understanding of diseases/cures/preventions etc etc)
(Indians today have an avg height of 5'5" , which is approx 1.5 inches below the global average.)
no nation reports having an avg of 5' 10" or above...
Quite a few states reporting a 5' 9" average tho.
This was a Financial Times Article like two weeks ago
Good video.
Could use more Ben Folds music though
There is whole book on this … good video ..
wasn’t taught this in school! so interesting
What plant species was this hedge? Or was it of several species?
I'm impressed each time I watch this channel! A new thing to learn every time!
2:37 end of the advert
Solving a problem with a giant hedge is probably the British thing I have ever heard of.
I'm not surprised something like this was attempted but I am surprised it worked in both execution and purpose.
Alan Octavian Hume later founded political party namely Indian national Congress which is currently sitting in opposition.
'Grow the Hedge!' they cried (never).
3:38 It wasn't really "smuggling". Many of those were traditional traders whose communities have been involved in it for hundreds of years. Brits setup check posts and started extracting wealth from them and they took inner routes to avoid this. So Brits setup check posts there. This continued for sometime. Eventually, Brits setup the big hedge to close the gap.
It was AO Hume who started the congress party in 1885. EIC was effectively under British govt from start of 19th century through Board of Directors reporting to British appointed Secretary of India...
Credit to native Indian state for not taxing the basic necessity... Most native states were better governed despite the imposition of British foreign and trade policies at national level.. Some like Travancore aka Kerala had 47 percent literacy in 1950 when India under British had around 12 percent
This is a hedge so it easily disappeared by choice but it just makes me wonder what other great marvels of history disappeared without good drawing or photo like this.
5:39 that was not the averege human height at the time
Is it only me who thinks this video ended abruptly ❗️ Before ending, this had me wondering what was being told? Never heard of this thing before ..
People persistently leaving salt on the ground would have been a very effective way to prevent the hedge from growing ..
Mo Gazi Alias Mohandas Gandhi was a servant of Brits and a Evangelical Jihadi.
Today he is the most hated man.
Let me guess Excessive Decadent Gardening?
India: 6-9 million people died. Do something.
British Raj: Raise the salt tax!
What's the Point of a "dry hedge" in the First place, anyways? Why would you ever want a dead hedge over a living one?
Americans bild walls the British build hedges,
The Chinese built walls
Build the Hedge!
Fascinating
I can not help but think of the ecological impact that hedge might had. Did it hinder migration? Or introduced new species?
Some resemblance to the "Green Wall of Africa", to combat desertification?
That same Scottish guy Alan Octavian Hume would start the Indian National Congress that would spearhead the freedom movement in the next century.
Lore of The Great Hedge of India momentum 100
That is the most British deterrence I’ve ever seen
“Those rabble rousers will never touch our salt mines now their is a clear hedge, hedge means don’t come in, no one would be rude enough to get past it”
I would have liked to see what the hedge looked like then and if it still exists in some areas
does part of the hedge still exists today?
Since coming to America I won't stop complaining to my wife about theblack of hedges
what a meticulously detailed map of India
are there parts of that hedge that is still alive and growing today
Allan Octavian Hume was founder of Indian National Congress.
Over the hedge but indian
Over the Hedge : India edition
7:29 salt the tax
Dude I swear make another video on India and it will be popular
Guess they tried to hedge their position 😂
Fun book. I recommend it.
@Geowizard : HOLD MY GOPRO
Do the next video on "How british industrialization was funded by India"
Should've let Mexico pay for the hedge.
What species of plant was the hedge comprised of?