Pleural Effusion:

Over the past few weeks, we have attended to multiple cases of pleural effusion emergencies in both dogs and cats. Pleural effusion refers to an abnormal accumulation of fluid within the chest cavity, which can decrease the amount of space that is available for the lungs to expand properly. Longer-term symptoms can include lethargy, weight loss, and decreased appetite as the patient begins to feel increasingly ill from the drop in oxygen intake. These patients are often rushed to us in severe respiratory distress, open mouth breathing and in need of emergency veterinary attention.
Typically, we auscult them (listen to their heart and lungs with a stethoscope) and know whether it is a probable effusion or pneumothorax (the site of puncture is different for each). Next, Dr. Leila performs a POCUS (point of care ultrasound), which is a rapid, reliable diagnostic tool frequently used in emergency medicine. If pleural effusion is confirmed, we seek permission from the patient’s family and proceed with a ‘chest tap’ or thoracocentesis, which involves using a small needle to safely remove the accumulated fluid directly from the chest cavity. This is done under ultrasound guidance, which provides an added level of safety. Once we perform the tap and have stabilised the patient, we proceed with more detailed diagnostics and x-rays as the patient is calmer and more comfortable at this point.
Performing a thoracocentesis can help provide immediate relief from some of the respiratory difficulties, whilst also providing a fluid sample that can be assessed further. This sample is then examined at our in-house facilities (cytology / microscopy and biochemistry), enabling us to accurately diagnose the underlying cause behind the pleural effusion and develop an appropriate diagnostic/therapeutic plan. Pleural effusion can result from a number of different contributing factors, and some of the more common causes include congestive heart failure, specific types of cancer (such as lymphoma or adenocarcinoma), severe infections, trauma resulting from accidents/falls, etc.
If your pet has ever undergone a chest tap, it’s important to remember that pleural effusion can recur, so understanding and treating the underlying cause behind it is vital. If you ever notice them experiencing shortness of breath, lethargy, restlessness or sudden anxiety, please don’t hesitate to contact your primary vet.

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was that blood smear for E.canis ?