ষাট গম্বুজ মসজিদ। ইতিহাস-ঐতিহ্যের সাক্ষী বাগেরহাট ষাট গম্বুজ মসজিদ | UNESCO World Heritage Site

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#ষাট গম্বুজ মসজিদ
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Shat Gambuj Mosque
About 30 km away from Khulna City is the place Bagerhat. The place was inside the inhospitable Mangrove forest of the Sundarbans near the coast of Bay of Bengal. A General, later known to be a saint named Khan Jahan Ali came here from Delhi. He was the earliest torch-bearer of Islam in the south of Indian Subcontinent. He laid the nucleus of an affluent city at Bagerhat in the mid-fifteenth century, during the reign of Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah (14421459). He adorned his city with numerous mosques, tanks, roads and other public buildings, the spectacular ruins of which are focused around the most imposing and largest multi-domed mosque in Bangladesh, known as the Shat-Gambuj Masjid
The stately fabric of the monument stands on the eastern bank of a vast sweet-water tank, clustered around by the foliage of a low-lying countryside, characteristics of a sea-coast landscape. Nearby is the shrine of this saint flanked by a vast tank , also dug by him. A couple of crocodiles can be found in this tank which are believed to be cursed by the saint and have been living for several hundred years.
Bangladesh has three world heritage sites. The Shat Gombuj Mosque in Bagerhat is one of them. It is a 15th century Islamic edifice situated in the suburbs of Bagerhat (a district in Khulna Division), on the edge of the Sundarbans, some 175 km south west of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh.
It is an enormous Moghol architectural site covering a very large area (160 x 108) square feet. The mosque is unique in that, it has sixty pillars, which support eighty one (81) exquisitely curved domes that have worn away with the passage of time. The structure of the building also represents the 15th century Turki architectural view.
It is anticipated that, before 1459 a greatest devotee of Islam named Khan Jahan Ali established this mosque. He was also the founder of Bagerhat district.
The Historic Mosque City of Bagerhat is an important evidence of medieval city in the south-west part of present Bagerhat district which is located in the south-west part of Bangladesh, at the meeting-point of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers. The ancient city, formerly known as Khalifatabad, sprawls over on the southern bank of the old river Bhairab and flourished in the 15th century BC.
The magnificent city, which extended for 50 km2, contains some of the most significant buildings of the initial period of the development of Muslim architecture of Bengal. They include 360 mosques, public buildings, mausoleums, bridges, roads, water tanks and other public buildings constructed from baked brick.
This old city, created within a few years and covered up by the jungle after the death of its founder in 1459, is striking because of certain uncommon features. The density of Islamic religious monuments is explained by the piety of Khan Jahan, which is evidenced by the engraved inscription on his tomb. The lack of fortifications is attributable to the possibilities of retreat into the impenetrable mangrove swamps of the Sunderbans. The quality of the infrastructures - the supply and evacuation of water, the cisterns and reservoirs, the roads and bridges - all reveal a perfect mastery of the techniques of planning and a will towards spatial organization.
The monuments, which have been partially disengaged from the vegetation, may be divided into two principal zones 6.5 km apart: to the West, around the mosque of Shait-Gumbad and to the East, around the mausoleum of Khan Jahan. More than 50 monuments have been catalogued: in the first group, the mosques of Singar, Bibi Begni and Clumakkola; and in the second, the mosques of Reza Khoda, Zindavir and Ranvijoypur.
Criterion (iv): The Historic Mosque City of Bagerhatrepresents the vestiges of a medieval Muslim town in the northern peripheral land of the Sundarbans. It contains some of the most significant buildings of the initial period of the development of Muslim architecture in Bengal. Shait-Gumbad is one of the largest mosques and represents the flavour of the traditional orthodox mosque plan and it is the only example of its kind in the whole of Bengal. The second important monument, Khan Jahan's tomb, is an extraordinary representation of this type of architecture as well as calligraphic parlance.
The site exhibits a unique architectural style, known as Khan-e-Jahan (15th Century A.D.), which is the only known example in the history of architecture.
Integrity
The original picturesque location and the natural setting of these densely located religious and secular monuments along with the medieval form and design are intact. The property of the Historic Mosque City of Bagerhat contains and preserves all the necessary elements which include not only mosques but also residences, roads, ancient ponds, tombs, chillakhana (ancient graveyard). Therefore, the attributes of the city are still preserved.
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