Did the 13th Amendment Enable Mass Incarceration? - Touré Reed
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- Опубликовано: 11 окт 2024
- In the first video of our new history series, For the Record, historian Touré Reed debunks the myth that the 13th Amendment contained a loophole that continued slavery and paved the way for the mass incarceration of black Americans. Reed explores the legacy of emancipation and the 13th Amendment and argues that understanding the true modern origins of the US prison system is critical for fighting mass incarceration today.
For the Record is a Jacobin channel miniseries dedicated to debunking historical myths and distortions through conversations with scholars on the left.
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As others have said, I wanna put in a word to the editor to mix the music a little lower, please. I dig the music, I dig the format, but the mix needs a little work. It’s a bit too loud. 🙏✊
I second
I did not dig the music, and found it irritating and an active hindrance to listening to the information! Please don't do this, it's like being forced to listen to terrible Muzak on "hold", it drives me crazy and makes me furious!
@@matreat1 I get it, I understand that a lot of people aren’t going to be into it, but it’s meant to reach a broad audience, and I’m guessing they did some market research on it. I could do without it, especially if they don’t mix it lower, but as far as the actual beats, it’s smooth/chill, nice background music for something like this imo. But I get that it ain’t everyone’s thing.
agreed it's pretty distracting
Lol i remember this being a complaint in 2020!
This is a pleasant surprise. I thought we weren't going to get any more Jacobin content.
I don't get it. Who is arguing that the language of the 13th amendment was intentionally designed to perpetuate slavery through mass criminalization?
No one said it was designed for that purpose. The argument is simply that it has been used as a justification.
There are some historian interpretations of that, but yes, it's more a justification than by design.
Agreed, I feel that they misrepresented the argument in order to create this video. I've never heard anyone claim that the 13th Amendment *created* mass incarceration; it's that mass incarceration disproportionately impacts non-white people (which is why I have a huge problem with the statistics they showed here--the way they compare the numbers create false equivalencies and show a skewed picture of reality) and that it allows slavery at all. Thus, it's become analogous to U.S. history of chattel slavery. Then to frame it as a "war on poor people" without acknowledging socioeconomic disparities across racial demographics comes across as disingenuous.
Historian Kevin Gannon makes that claim, more or less, in Ava DuVernay's documentary "13th": "While the 13th Amendment is hailed as this great milestone for freedom and abolition to celebrate and this end of a lifelong quest, the reality is much more problematic. Well, once that clause is inserted in there, it becomes a tool. It’s there. It’s embedded in the structure. And, for those who seek to use this criminality clause as a tool, it can become a pretty powerful one because it’s privileged. It’s in the Constitution. It’s the supreme law of the land."
Because the jacobin is a bunch of gaslighting and lying counter-right racists. Their videos are proud of the fact.
@@davidfranklin5434 Can someone explain to me what 'involuntary servitude' is? How is the obvious contradictory and ambiguous nature of the Constitution justified, even in the times it was written? It may be America's first official act of gas lighting that still is not recognized for what it was and is. The sensible/reasonable thing to do, would be to start all over, but we are no more mature and honest today, than we were back then.
Good to see Jacobin again. I thought you already aired your last video.
People should also read the books "Locking Up Our Own" by James Forman, and "Locked In" by John Pfaff, and "The Whole Pie" document on Prison Policy Initiative's website. These sources help clarify and correct a lot of popular misconceptions about mass incarceration. For instance, prison slavery and private prisons, although very bad, do not have nearly as big a role in keeping the system going as many people believe. Mass incarceration is an incredible evil, and in some ways an unprecedented evil. It's important for people to recognize the complexity of the system and how it really works, so we can get clear on how to tear it down and create a more free society.
Locking Up Our Own is very good! I found it via the footnotes in "The Economic Origins of Mass Incarceration" by Adaner Usmani and John Clegg, I enjoyed it a lot as a supplement to that piece.
One area of neglect that social justice activists ignore is the obvious corruption within prisons by both guards and inmates and maybe even at the administration level. Much attention is given to police misconduct and corruption, but little to none to the culture within prisons that obviously perpetuates to a significant degree crime and recidivism. If a "prison industrial complex' is real, then surely a 'criminal cultural complex' also exists. Few what to admit the reality that a certain degree of criminality has been normalized in this society. One may go back to the tales of 'Robin Hood', if not further back. To be fair this image may have been itself corrupted. It certainly pales in comparison to any glorification/celebration any modern day 'Hood' gets from popular culture especially as expressed in media. Black people can least afford to do this but arguably do it to a higher degree than any other group. Add that we are the most divided and are at the bottom in most negative social categories, it would seem to break any tie we may have with another group. We know this but do little to nothing to compensate for our understood already precarious situation/condition. The Left in general don't ask us to be more responsible for changing this. To not do so simply makes the Left more politically weak, not to mention the damage it does to society as a whole. The Left has capitulated to the notion that Black people are helpless to do anything improve our situation because of systemic/structural racism. If the system were predominately responsible for our problems, then the majority of us would live as do the worst off among us. Individuality is the difference. I dare say most criminals are the exception in their family. Michaeal Eric Dyson who may have personally championed this new attitude among Black intellectuals and activist often talks about his brother who was or is incarcerated. I assume they grew up in the same home. They made different choices based on their individual make-up/personality. Dyson may have been more gifted than his brother and so we understand that it is important that parenting takes into consideration a child's strengths and weaknesses, so their individual needs can be addressed. In doing that the basics of personal responsibility remain in place and that too often does happen in far too many homes. The culture via media of all kinds sends opposite messages than the traditional values human society had established as the norm. The Left is remiss in addressing this loss of a sense of basic social standards on conduct and interaction. The Right recognizes this and talks all the time of being in a 'culture war'. This attitude is carried over into their politicking. They have no problem employing the nuclear option in politics. The Left in comparison, operates as if they were engaged in a sporting event. Part of that is because they have to represent their default constituency, who for various reasons don't or can't vote. These people act as a political handicap as well as on the social level when they are uninvolved. The Right does have this problem from their constituency. They vote regularly and are responsive to the propaganda/rhetoric of the Right. The Left doesn't ask or expect much if anything from most of its constituents other than to vote. None of the idealism of the Left is asked or expected from the people. Sanders said during the Presidential debates that a massive movement was needed for progressive policies to be enacted into law and nothing more has been said about that, let alone a movement begin to emerge. It's not rocket science, but there exists a disconnect on the Left that is obvious, but few are saying anything. We are gas lighting ourselves, while wailing against Trumpism.
I agree about the loud music. Overall leaps and bounds above this channel's previous videos. Way more accessible and understandable, too. Good start.
Please come back and make more videos
Man that DuVernay doc had such an influence on me when I was like 17. It's so hard to get these easy explanations out of people's heads. Doomer democrats want to trash all historical figures as bad, because if we acknowledge our radical history we might be inspired to renew that fight.
Very interesting topic, but the background sound makes it impossible to follow the reasoning. I understand the ideia of the new format and that maybe some background is necessary, but it is too loud.
I agree the background music could be toned down.
Yeah, I made a comment about this too, but I dig it all around!
Agreed
Your discussion with Professor and historian Touré Reed was quite informative. Learning something new is always enriching. However, the noise you had playing in the background made it difficult to focus on the details of his explanation of the 13th Amendment. For future interviews, please consider turning down the volume or turning off any background noise altogether.
Great piece, but the music was really irritating. I don’t think it’s just because I miss the Jacobin Show soundtrack. But I think I am going to like this new series a lot. Is there a way folks can suggest potential topics?
Great video guys! Maybe try to have BG Music 20dBs lower than the voice audio 👌🏽
Yay! More mini serieses please! Also like others have said, turn the music down and equalize the talking, please
I love you guys. I appreciate you guys so much.
You should put the music even louder
Great job. I think this series has huge potential and this was an excellent start.
This is great - thank you!
Very exciting. I just finished an MA in history, so now I actually have time to dig into the things that I didn't have time for. Saw his dad speak at my university where he mentioned the 13th issue. Love this series, thanks Jen!
It's a little naive to think that capitalists would not like a source of cheap or free labor with prisoners. Was it the return of chattle slavery no but it was a nice consolation prize to those who had engaged in it and profited off slavery
Point of historical fact, convict leasing was arguably brutally worse than the chattel slavery it replaced. Plantation slaves, while treated horribly from dawn to dusk and then some, those enslaved people were seen as investments paid for by and maintained longterm by business owners.
Cum convict leasing and like the old saying goes, "You can't hurt a rental."
For a minimal free, companies that leased prisoners from the state prisons and had zero reason not to work leased prisoners far harder and reign down more physical abuse on the prisoners, and feed them minimal substance compared to the pre 13th amendment days.
And the "managers" of the forced labor parties were predominantly veterans of the Civil War. Veterans of the former defeated Confederacy. Broken, pissed off as hell at the North and Black people, and very vengeful veterans of the former Confederacy.
If whole working parties perished at the hands of companies leasing them, no big deal. The Black Codes and later Jim Crowe Laws ensured a steady supply of new prisoners to be leased out by the state.
Yes, and not only enabled, it incentivized the creation of an industry.
I love you guys, but I'm old, and the background music you use (including Jacobin Show theme) makes feel like I got some bad acid at a festival
What we can learn from this is very important for understanding social/political dynamics in the US. Race still plays a role in society, but not as much now as class. We have rich whites, rich blacks, so-called “middle class” whites and blacks (labor aristocracy), and poor whites and blacks. This distinction between middle and poor people on top of the distinction of their race, divides the working class into fragmented sections that disables the class solidarity that is absolutely necessary for the revolution. And it also causes some of the fragmented groups of the working class with a higher social standing to make concessions with the bourgeois state that is detrimental to the lower class and in turn, beneficial in the short term to the labor aristocracy. Including distinctions of sexuality, gender, and other ethnicities, etc. These constructs of so many different types of people is intended to distract from what unites us all as the class of wage laborers. This understanding also helps us to not make the same mistakes of previous faux revolutions like that of Nazi Germany. The Nazis did not attack capitalist banking. They attacked Jewish capitalist banking and replaced them with “Aryan” capitalist bankers. The Nazis used socialist language, but only to rally the support of the German working class.
Very elucidative and compelling argument - you've weaved Professor - I could not agree more about the class dimension as a matter historical fact and as the basis for remedying our carceral state . That said , I too have viewed the 13th's "Felony Exception" as foundational to our carceral state or "modern slavery" ,as it's rightly called , not because the architects of the 13th intended it as such . I see the link from strictly a legal basis -meaning : just as contemporaries have bastardized the 2nd Amendment -for venal pecuniary advancement - the 13th's "Felony Exception" forms a bedrock for the carceral state or "modern slavery" . That bedrock is seldom discussed in public or outside the circle of legal scholars , which is where I first heard it discussed in the context of Prison Labor exploitation. So to my mind , as I've shared with folk you know - the 13th's original intent and mighty achievement -need not be mutually exclusive with the current rapacious venality the "Felony Exception" has evolved to . Lastly , if ever America were to seriously look at challenging the moral and economic rapaciousness of the carceral state - I'll venture that the oppositions legal briefs will endlessly propound at great length about the legality of exploiting the imprisoned based on 13th's "Felony Exception" .
What’s the strategy for ending mass incarceration
I think it’s not any one specific strategy, but definitely private prison abolition work, and the abolition/defund movements that target the worst parts of our “justice system”, in general. Also, I think that part of a movement to grow radical labor has to also be educating working class people on how reserved army of labor works, and how imprisoning people fits into this, and how the labor of those imprisoned fits into it. Basically, I think that building a radical/left movement has to include educating people on how these systems function, and what their relationships are, so we can understand that addressing systemic issues as they relate to labor/the economy are not disconnected from the criminal justice system, that this is all ultimately set up to protect and perpetuate capital/capitalism.
I know that’s not an answer that gives in depth strategy, but that’s because I don’t know the answers for those things, as I’m not as well read on them, nor as connected to movements to reform/abolish aspects of the criminal justice system. I’m just saying there’s not any one specific thing, and that it absolutely has to be part of building a movement that can actually seize power, and create the kind of world we want and need. Mass incarceration is part of the program of a broader systemic control of the population, and without a doubt part of its purpose is to reduce the # of able bodied (and potentially revolutionary) working class people who can pose a threat, and help have better control of the reserve army of labor, particularly post de-industrialization, moving jobs abroad, etc… Part of having an organized movement that can take power will be having people ready to deconstruct mass incarceration, at least that’s what I gather from academics and organizers who do work on this stuff.
Sorry, this answer was a mess, probably too redundant, and you probably know a lot of that anyway, but hopefully it’s slightly helpful, if not to you than to someone. ✌️✊♾️
So i find your arguments sound and your data supportive, but i would like to see a follow-up on how to view the felony exception clause and more information about the police assistance act
The U.S. Supreme Court holding of Terry vs Ohio (that court had a life long KKK member) is what really led to massive incarceration and the prison industrial complex
The music may have been acceptable under other circumstances and appreciable by audiences but for the video it was a bit jarring. It none the less caused me to focus in a bit more on what was being said because I wanted to hear the message as some one looking to subscribe to a new channel based on the content. This might adversely affect the decision of a new viewer to consider watching further videos from the channel. It all depends on the tolerance of the viewer.
Two things came to mind that cause people to draw parallels between slavery and mass incarceration: low or unpaid forced prison labor and disenfranchisement for felony convictions. Neither of these were addressed in this video. And they glossed over the absolutely insane racialized disparities in the incarcerated population. I take the point, which mostly seems about defending the good in the 13th Amendment, but I'm still not convinced there is no connection. Still, in 1860 there were nearly 4 million enslaved people in the U.S. (12-13% of the total population at the time). Today, with a total population of almost 332 million, nearly two million incarcerated people represent
the background music is annoying
876,600 hours of “community service”!!
The only way you live large is to make others small.
Interesting video. Thanks.
Wow. You working overtime to disconnect the linked threads, but they're still in place. Maybe try looking at the actual outcome regardless of how it all happened.
this is an incredibly unnuanced argument (especially in comparison to the work of Michelle Alexander, who wrote the book 13th is based on) and just seems like Reed and Jacobin are trying to be contrarian for the sake of being contrarian. They are right that mass incarceration is a recent phenomenon, but the 13th amendment undoubtedly played (and plays) a meaningful role in the history and present of our heavily racialized justice system. just lost some serious respect for Jacobin.
Curious what role you think it plays exactly? And I just have to say, I've watched and read him a bunch and have never known Prof Reed to waste his time being contrarian for the sake of being contrarian, rather he'a usually incredibly intentional in his arguments. Nor did I find this lacking nuance, maybe you could be more specific?
I demand justice for this pretty good cbat ass beat
Ya'll reeeeally need to cite your data. You can't just throw out a bunch of graphs and statistics with zero sources of information and then say you're "dedicated to debunking historical myths." I mean c'mon now, that's pretty fundamental for journalism, let alone "scholars."
DuVernay is going into the national gallery. Clap clap. Clap. O, to hell with...
This is terrific. Thank you.
The music threw me off the whole thing.
Smoke some weed then rewatch.
I always wondered what PragerU would sound like iif they claimed to be left wing.
Oh, I wanna hear that argument... Go ahead and make the comparison...
Let's see how laughable it is.
Should’ve had Daryl Michael Scott in on this…
Ive been away. I thought Jacobin was ending she didn't say that on a previous video?
Just the Jacobin Show. Like how Weekends ended like a year+ back. Still content, just not the same show/format.
@@nikolademitri731 ok thanks
You guys should really do away with the monotonous“ dire” music accompanying this video. The content is really thought provoking and take some time to parse. The music really gets in the way it's repetitive and annoying. Give less emphasis on the music and a little more time to the graphics displayed. The information and the graphics is important and perhaps should be left up there long enough to read it twice so that the viewer can really take it in. This is just a little constructive criticism. Viewers over 50 need a little more time to consider points being made. I know we're in a time of everything being delivered in a hurry at some 8th grade level of comprehension online, but it's really frustrating to have dense content being delivered via Tommy gun.
Its weird how they're talking like the government and the police never did things, and then cover them up after [Tulsa, Wilmington, Colfax, Rosewood, Elaine, Lynchings]
So, is that the worst background music you could find?
Yeah should have been the new Mount Kimbie that shit 🔥 🔥
wow the hypno music drones on while this guy makes a statement and then just jumps into something else tangentially related, it's called "Jacobin" so that you know how edgy and learned they are and they're all good looking minorities ..slick!
The minorities in this show are not picked because they're good lucking as you're implying. Touré Reed and his father Adolph Reed Jr. are internationally famous Marxist historians and experts on Black history. Touré just happens to be good looking.
He’s 100% wrong about the socialist bullshit that we are all saying the same in the class. I considered myself a socialist. I saw this bullshit. I guess I don’t need a label to be though.
“Abolish the 13th Amendment.” -Kanye West
4:00 but there were never seriously any white slaves in america
Great segment, but it's worth stating, there are disparities with regard to committing vicious violent felonies that will result in incarceration. Mass incarceration is highly correlative to mass violent felonies.
But many of them weren’t creating mass crimes that were felony! They were put away for stupid stuff
@@lewisflowers5757 the only thing worse and mass incarceration is mass criminality for which there is no incarceration. Cross the country today many people who commit murders had previously committed robberies with guns for which they were let out .
@@BradfordHillsI believe what @lewisflowers5757 is alluding to are the Black Codes and later Jim Crow Laws. Laws so sweeping in and shallow in scope of pettiness and so draconian in enforcement, prosecution, and sentencing, that a steady stream of Black prisoners were guaranteed to keep the prisons full of rental labor.
One of countless petty laws across the states, and this one more commonly enforced, saw to it that a Black person standing on a public walkway waiting until it was clear to cross a street would be arrested, charged with vagrancy, heavily fined by the courts into unrecoverable debt and sent to prison on maximum sentencing for vagrancy with added sentencing of failure to pay court costs and fines levied against the accused.
umm, ok
Communism socialism hyjacked by satanism everything inside me. Midnight ride
This is a class reductionist take. If you honestly think that there weren't intentional racialized downstream effects of including the felony exception clause and the subsequent disproportionate targeting, arrest and harsher sentencing of Black people then I call to question your motives. We can walk and chew bubble gum at the same time: yes the 13th overall was good and wasn't explicitly directing the country towards mass incarceration but it certainly wasn't apathetic to that possibility.
Get your facts right.
States with exceptions:
1 Alabama: That no form of slavery shall exist in this state; and there shall not be any involuntary servitude, otherwise than for the punishment of crime, of which the party shall have been duly convicted. Alabama Constitution, Section 32
2 Arkansas: There shall be no slavery in this State, nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime. No standing army shall be kept in time of peace; the military shall, at all times, be in strict subordination to the civil power; and no soldier shall be quartered in any house, or on any premises, without the consent of the owner, in time of peace; nor in time of war, except in a manner prescribed by law. Arkansas Constitution, Article 2, Section 25.
3 California: Slavery is prohibited. Involuntary servitude is prohibited, except to punish crime. Article I, Section 6.
4 Colorado: There shall never be in this state either slavery or involuntary servitude. Colorado Constitution Article 2, Section 26 (Amended 2018)
5 Georgia: There shall be no involuntary servitude within the State of Georgia except as a punishment for crime after legal conviction thereof or for contempt of court. Article I, Section 1 Paragraph XXII.
6 Indiana: There shall be neither slavery, nor involuntary servitude, within the State, otherwise than for the punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted. Article 1, Section 37
7 Iowa: There shall be no slavery in this State; nor shall there be involuntary servitude, unless for the punishment of crime. Article I, Section 23
8 Kansas: There shall be no slavery in this state; and no involuntary servitude, except for the punishment of crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.
9 Kentucky: Slavery and involuntary servitude in this state are forbidden, except as a punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted. Article I, Section 25
10 Louisiana: No person shall be denied the equal protection of the laws. No law shall discriminate against a person because of race or religious ideas, beliefs, or affiliations. No law shall arbitrarily, capriciously, or unreasonably discriminate against a person because of birth, age, sex, culture, physical condition, or political ideas or affiliations. Slavery and involuntary servitude are prohibited, except in the latter case as punishment for crime. Article I, Section 3.
11 Maryland: An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery” by a vote of 34 to 21 on March 1, 1870
12 Michigan: Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, unless for the punishment of crimes, shall ever be tolerated in this State. Article I, Section 9.
13 Minnesota: No member of this state shall be disfranchised or deprived of any of the rights or privileges secured to any citizen thereof, unless by the law of the land or the judgement of his peers. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the state, otherwise than as punishment for a crime of which the party has been convicted. Article I, Section 2
14 Mississippi: There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in this State, otherwise than in the punishment of crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted. Article 3, Section 15
15 Missouri Emancipation Ordinance of Missouri
An ordinance abolishing slavery in Missouri 1/11/1865
SEC. 2. That Slavery, or involuntary servitude, except in punishment of crime, shall cease to exist in Missouri on the 4th of July. 1870 and all slaves within the State on that day are hereby declared to be free. Provided, however, that all persons emancipated by this ordinance shall remain under the control and be subject to their late owners, or their legal representatives, as servants during the following period to wit: Those over ??? years of age, for and during their lives; those under 12, until they arrive at the age of 23; and those of all other ages, until the Fourth of July, 1876. The persons, or their legal representatives, who, up to the moment of emancipation, were owners of slaves thereby freed, shall, during the period for which the services of such freedmen are reserved to them, have the same authority and control over the said freedmen for the purpose of receiving the possessions and services of the same that are now held by the master in respect of his slaves: provided, however, that after the said 4th of July, 1870, no person so held to service shall be sold to non-residents, or removed from the State by authority of his late owner, or his legal representative.
16 Nebraska: There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in this state, otherwise than for the punishment of crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted. Article I, Section 2 (there is a 2020 amendment intended to remove the exception (AMENDED TO REMOVE SLAVERY LANGUAGE IN 2020)
17 Nevada: Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, unless for the punishment of crimes, shall ever be tolerated in this State. Article 1, Section 17.
18 North Carolina: Slavery is forever prohibited. Involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the parties have been adjudged guilty, is forever prohibited.
19 North Dakota: Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, unless for the punishment of crimes, shall ever be tolerated in this State. Article 1, Section 17
20 Ohio: There shall be no slavery in this state; nor involuntary servitude, unless for the punishment of crime. Article I, Section 6.
21 Oregon: There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the State, otherwise than for the punishment of crime, of which the party shall have been duly convicted. Article 1, Section 34
22 Tennessee: That slavery and involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, are forever prohibited in this state. Article 1, Section 33
The General Assembly shall make no law recognizing the right of property in man. Article 1, Section 34
23 Utah: Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within this State. Article I, Section 21 (there is a 2020 amendment to remove the exception (AMENDED TO REMOVE SLAVERY LANGUAGE IN 2020)
24 Vermont: That all men are born equally free and independent, and have certain natural, inherent, and unalienable rights, amongst which are the enjoying and defending life and liberty, acquiring, possessing and protecting property, and pursuing and obtaining happiness and safety; therefore no person born in this country, or brought from over sea, ought to be holden by law, to serve any person as a servant, slave or apprentice, after he arrives to the age of twenty-one years, unless he is bound by his own consent, after he arrives to such age, or bound by law for the payment of debts, damages, fines, costs, or the like. Chapter I, Article 1st
25 Wisconsin: There shall be neither slavery, nor involuntary servitude in this state, otherwise than for the punishment of crime, of which the party shall have been duly convicted.
26 Washington, DC: 1862 An Act for the Release of certain Persons held to Service or Labor in the District of Columbia
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That all persons held to service or labor within the District of Columbia by reason of African descent are hereby discharged and freed of and from all claim to such service or labor; and from and after the passage of this act neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except for crime, whereof the party shall be duly convicted, shall hereafter exist in said District.
27: Puerto Rico: No existirá la esclavitud, ni forma alguna de servidumbre involuntaria salvo la que pueda imponerse por causa de delito, previa sentencia condenatoria.
Data compiled by Max Parthas
max@abolishslavery.us
abolishslavery.us
You so blind to reality! Those bills and policies you read didn’t stop discrimination, false imprisonment and lynching lol
' Alan Sabrosky : Israel Writing US Law . '
The "so called" felony exception clause? Really? Like you can't read? The FACT that the 13th amendment has a slavery loophole for use as a punishment for crime is NOT an opinion. GTFOHWTBS.
Get your facts right.
The "exception clause” and its evolution from 1777 to 1865.
A timeline
#1 1777 Constitution of the State of Vermont
CHAPTER I. A DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE STATE OF VERMONT
Article 1st. All persons born free; their natural rights; slavery prohibited
That all persons are born equally free and independent, and have certain natural, inherent, and unalienable rights, amongst which are the enjoying and defending life and liberty, acquiring, possessing and protecting property, and pursuing and obtaining happiness and safety; therefore no person born in this country, or brought from over sea, ought to be holden by law, to serve any person as a servant, slave or apprentice, after arriving to the age of twenty-one years, unless bound by the person's own consent, after arriving to such age, or bound by law for the payment of debts, damages, fines, costs, or the like."
#2 1787 Northwest Ordinance
Art. 6. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes whereof the party shall have been duly convicted: Provided, always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labor or service is lawfully claimed in any one of the original States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or service as aforesaid.
#3 1806 Ohio State Constitution sec 2.
There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in this State, otherwise than for the punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted; nor shall any male person, arrived at the age of twenty-one years, or female person arrived at the age of eighteen years, be held to serve any person as a servant, under the pretense of indenture or otherwise, unless such person shall enter into such indenture while in a state of perfect freedom, and on a condition of a bona fide consideration, received or to be received, for their service, except as before excepted. Nor shall any indenture of any negro or mulatto, hereafter made and executed out of the State, or if made in the State, where the term of service exceeds one year, be of the least validity, except those given in the case of apprenticeships.
#4 1843 Section 34 of the Oregon State Constitution
"There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory otherwise than in the punishment of crimes whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.
#5 1861, March 2. Corwin Amendment. Supported by Lincoln.
No amendment shall be made to the Constitution which will authorize or give to Congress the power to abolish or interfere, within any State, with the domestic institutions thereof, including that of persons held to labor or service by the laws of said State.
#6 1861 Alabama State Constitution SECTION 32
Slavery prohibited; involuntary servitude. That no form of slavery shall exist in this state; and there shall not be any involuntary servitude, OTHERWISE than for the punishment of crime, of which the party shall have been duly convicted.”
#7 1862 An Act for the Release of certain Persons held to Service or Labor in the District of Columbia
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That all persons held to service or labor within the District of Columbia by reason of African descent are hereby discharged and freed of and from all claim to such service or labor; and from and after the passage of this act neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except for crime, whereof the party shall be duly convicted, shall hereafter exist in said District.
#8 1864 Nevada state constitution. Article 1 Section 17
Slavery and involuntary servitude prohibited. Neither Slavery nor involuntary servitude unless for the punishment of crimes shall ever be tolerated in this State.
#9 1865 Amendment XIII US Constitution
Section 1.
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
Section 2.
Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Over time and long after 1865, many states which were not slave states, still adopted pro slavery language into their constitutions. 25 states and Puerto Rico still have an exception to slavery in their constitutions.
You should wonder why.
Data compiled by Max Parthas 2018
Abolish Slavery National Network
AbolishSlavery.us
Y’all don’t care about mass incarceration, it’s just a catch phrase
Lol okay then- go watch MSNBC instead.
Dude, you asked about strategy and I gave an honest reply that’s rooted in my reading of radicals, including black radicals, who see this fight as part of the left’s struggle. Honestly, I was hoping other people might chime in, or you might reply, and an actual dialogue might start on the matter, but now based on this comment, and particularly your other comment that this is just a “leftist approach to uphold white supremacy”, or however you said it, that your question I responded to probably wasn’t in good faith.
I get that this is contrary to a lot of points made about the 13th amendment, and certain liberal narratives about white supremacy, but why do you think it means that the left, or the “Jacobin adjacent left”, or whatever, doesn’t care about white supremacy, or care about ending mass incarceration? Why assume that? I’m lost.
Idk if you’ll respond, or answer anything I’ve said to you, here or my other reply, but are you taking issue with all this as someone who considers themselves an anarchist, or some other tendency Marxist, or leftist, or are you against this from a liberal position, or ADOS, or what? I’m just curious.
I’m not trying to argue with you, otherwise I’d not have posted my OG response to you, which I still think you ought to read and consider, and maybe consider that your disagreement with Touré and Jen, and Jacobin, doesn’t = they dgaf about white supremacy or mass incarceration. They do, they just don’t like narratives surrounding these matters that are ahistorical/revisionist, essentialist, or false in some other sense. ✌️✊
Background propaganda white noise designed by intention to brainwash
Those propagandistic beats get us every time.