DIY Road Grader and Q&A

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  • Опубликовано: 3 фев 2025

Комментарии • 189

  • @fredwalton2600
    @fredwalton2600 9 лет назад

    Very clever application of engineering .Farmers are the worlds best innovators .More useful inventions have been sussed out in the farm shed than anywhere else .Top stuff Mate!!

  • @loloaqici82qb4ipp
    @loloaqici82qb4ipp 9 лет назад +1

    Jeff, whatever you put up, I enjoy. It's a treat and in life, treats should be unexpected and not in the program of events. Do what you enjoy and we will enjoy it with you. Best wishes from France

  • @MrJonfaircloth
    @MrJonfaircloth 9 лет назад

    Just post what you can. I think we all are here watching because we like the projects and the mind be hide them. Keep up the great work

  • @phooesnax
    @phooesnax 9 лет назад

    Appreciate the good humor as you present the activities of the day, Did not know those projects were others.

  • @fredwalton2600
    @fredwalton2600 9 лет назад +15

    Mate .. IF YOU ARE RUNNING A FARM , EARNING A LIVING AND POSTING AS WELL AS REPAIRING ETC ., ITS A MIRACLE WE GET TO SEE ANYTHING AT ALL {excuse caps } congrats from Aus./fred

  • @ianlevine273
    @ianlevine273 9 лет назад

    I really like your videos. I'm not sure I care much about Q&A unless its advice on fixing stuff. Your videos usually answer the typical questions when you get them out and they're worth waiting for.

  • @odahithedubious
    @odahithedubious 9 лет назад +1

    I enjoy all your videos, I think you should do what works for you, not what some random bunch of strangers on RUclips want to see. Your style and sense of humor are what keep me coming back, even more than the content of the videos, although I am always very interested in your mechanical endeavors.

  • @frankno2plus1
    @frankno2plus1 9 лет назад

    Jeff just keep doin what you're doin, we all have lives to live & people should be grateful that you share your fantastic blessed life with us!
    You're an inspiration & I'm truly thankful for every second of time you give us, pity I live so far away otherwise I'd offer you a hand?

  • @sammanthalee990
    @sammanthalee990 6 лет назад

    what ever you feel comfortble doing mr jeff i like watching so if u decide todo those ill tune in thanks for showing us folks who struggle ta do things on how to do it right ..... have a great n trucktastic day !!!!!!!

  • @randallmuncy2737
    @randallmuncy2737 9 лет назад +1

    Jeff,
    I have watched about all of your videos and not only learned quite a bit, I have been thoroughly entertained (except for squirrel fishing, eewwww!). You seem to strike a good balance between informing and just doing. The out-takes at the end are a nice touch (good to know you are human like the rest of us). As far as a Q&A segment, that would probably be fine, just save several weeks worth and hit the highlights. Keep up the good work. And I am glad you live so far away, as I too would want to come over and "help".
    Best Wishes,
    Randall

  • @userunavailable3095
    @userunavailable3095 9 лет назад

    I'm thoroughly impressed by your resourcefulness, as usual.

  • @dzappss1
    @dzappss1 9 лет назад

    Love your stuff Jeff, you get more done than 10 guys, so don't stress making stuff for our entertainment.
    Love your old school methods!

  • @rickmalarky9878
    @rickmalarky9878 9 лет назад

    I love your videos. Seems like I always learn something, and it keeps me from worrying about my own stuff all day!. Thanks for the Q and A. every now and then it would clear things up for us viewers. I'm not sure why we want to know all the dates and whats going on when, I guess its human nature, ..seeking continuity..or something. If I had a million dollars I'd send some your way. As it is, I'm always kinda strapped myself. Your wit and humor are priceless! ..cue turkey gobble, goat and dog walk thru frame! its awesome!...for 15 minutes or so I forget I have a car up on jacks to be fixed, a refrigerator to haul into the basement,,bills waiting to be paid etc. If you can find the time to keep on video-ing, please do. But, don't feel too overly obligated to us. Family first...after all, we'll be here for awhile, and that refrigerator I have to move isn't going anywhere by itself.

  • @plgpa
    @plgpa 7 лет назад

    I really enjoy your videos!! I hope you will continue them. I can only imagine being able to do the types of things you do so capably....and with a real sense of humor (which I also enjoy very much). I was particularly impressed by your "monologue" (while you were working on the 85 Silverado) regarding why the factory did what they did to try to maintain the performance of their motors during a time of serious trial for them (when they were trying to meet the federal smog regs). I had no clue and like many others, I'm sure, thought the modifications made to comply with the regs drastically reduced engine performance, when exactly the opposite was true. Thankfully, I lived in California where messing with the smog system could mean no registration renewal, so removing or tampering with any of the smog-related components was out of the question....at least for me.

  • @ddocspeck
    @ddocspeck 9 лет назад

    I absolutely enjoy your videos, Jeff ! I also recommend them to any mechanics ( young and old ) that I know. Set your own pace and give them to us when you can. That`s how I do my videos here on youtube. Thank you, sir !

  • @mejinks1978
    @mejinks1978 9 лет назад

    Glad to see you posting videos again, I was suffering withdrawl symptoms.

  • @funonutube100
    @funonutube100 9 лет назад +1

    Jeff you do an AWESOME job with this show!!! You always make me laugh....its like a reality show! I love how you will do whatever it takes to make a buck a great work ethic. Wishing you all the best from Canada...keep those shows a comin! My favorite line is ....you need a special tool for this job...but I ain't got one. I laugh every time!

  • @lewiemcneely9143
    @lewiemcneely9143 9 лет назад +8

    1- Do what you want to do. Running the funny farm ain't easy.
    2- Grader is as good as a Cat 12
    3- Q&A when and if you feel like it. Just pick the best ones.
    4- When you post one, we'll watch it. Whatever it is. Simple enough.
    5- Don't overload yourself which ought to be #1 !

  • @Onslow327
    @Onslow327 9 лет назад

    I would certainly enjoy a Q n A session every now and again!
    Videos are still great Jeff!

  • @walterwhitaker1395
    @walterwhitaker1395 2 года назад

    Don't you just love it when a plan comes together! HELL YEAH!

  • @TheTraakon
    @TheTraakon 9 лет назад +1

    Outstanding means of adapting and overcoming the grading problem. As for the Q&A...perhaps once a month would be fine.

  • @KPearce57
    @KPearce57 9 лет назад

    Necessity is the mother of invention . Good job

  • @garyronan5568
    @garyronan5568 9 лет назад +3

    You've got plenty of work to do and little time to do it. Winter is always around the corner for us rural folk so show us what you can as time allows. Q & A is good now and then. Perhaps quarterly because new people tune in from time to time and might want to know something about your projects.
    I myself, as an old retired guy, am not afraid of work. I can watch someone work all day and it don't bother me A bit! So make you vid's as long as you like and I'll watch em!
    Good luck from us up in Minnesota and have A productive summer!

    • @joshcantero8406
      @joshcantero8406 9 лет назад

      Qwwsee ed d#offf g jj guy uuhhhuuhuuiij jjjnm jkjkkok lop opopiijj\iijhuuujiikkkkkkkkl(oookl l k ok lp9op

    • @garyronan5568
      @garyronan5568 9 лет назад

      Josh Cantero sorry. Don't speak gibberish.

    • @joshcantero8406
      @joshcantero8406 9 лет назад

      K

  • @azautoxr
    @azautoxr 9 лет назад

    That grader is brilliant! Like Red Green says, "if women don't find ya handsome, at least they should find ya handy." Really appreciate and enjoy your videos. :)

  • @edberry8568
    @edberry8568 9 лет назад

    JEFF. you are amazing guy. Your videos are great. Interesting stuff. Thanks for sharing.

  • @RBPx1
    @RBPx1 9 лет назад

    Jeff your plate is full, the ones of us who watch your videos like what you post and when you post it. So don't over do it. Just take care of the things around your stack of bricks and keep your family first. Thanks for the videos you provide for your fans. We will keep watchin Q&A or not....

  • @Dan.Whiteford
    @Dan.Whiteford 9 лет назад

    Your ingenious road grader seems to work really well

  • @artemiasalina1860
    @artemiasalina1860 9 лет назад

    I don't know about a Q&A every week (that seems like a lot), but I sure would like a tour of your place. From what I've seen in the background it looks pretty extensive. One fine day before I get too old I hope to buy a place, probably in rural North Carolina, so I'm always interested in learning from other people's set ups.

  • @Graveltrucking
    @Graveltrucking 9 лет назад

    Q&A would be good once in a while, your version of the road grader is an interesting creation. Those road grindings pack in pretty good, people used to be able to get them here but it doesn't happen anymore the asphalt company reuses it to make new asphalt.

  • @VintageTexas59
    @VintageTexas59 9 лет назад

    Clever construction of that grader.

  • @1205juergen
    @1205juergen 9 лет назад

    Thanks ... I always enjoy your videos. Greetings from Germany

  • @KohalaIronWorksCase
    @KohalaIronWorksCase 9 лет назад +1

    You probably could make a completely adjustable mold board (grader blade) if you had the time & bunch of parts.If you ever find some trailer landing gears you will be able to set up your blade tilt. 3 landing gears can get you your mold board angle the other landing gears can give not only your mold board tilt, steering boxes can also help, providing you can lock them... but also more adjustability t up & down for you mold board. The 3 point hitch blade just won't cut it @ what you are attempting. You have a good platform...you just need some throw away landing gears that still work... You probably could weld something to that steering shaft to limit the steering box play...maybe some heavy springs to a lever & some snubbers to keep the shaft from spinning. Just a few suggestions that could help you to improve your road maintenance implement. I really enjoy your stuff Jeff...great to come to YT & see you still going...
    Aloha,
    Chief

    • @ElderlyIron
      @ElderlyIron  9 лет назад

      +Kohala Iron Works (Chief) CHIEF! Where you been? Out of circulation for some time now! You probably missed my induction into the Al-Kaboom! ruclips.net/video/1DYFsCYrlKg/видео.html

    • @KohalaIronWorksCase
      @KohalaIronWorksCase 9 лет назад

      You're still a senior member of the Al QaBOOM Terrorist Organization...LOL!!! Yeah, I was MIA for awhile...still do a little welding here & there...
      Aloha

    • @johnbyerlay4875
      @johnbyerlay4875 8 лет назад

      Kohala Iron Works 6

  • @woychck4
    @woychck4 9 лет назад

    Thank you Jeff, I enjoy your video's and always look forward to seeing them. Please keep up the good work on them. As for moving up that way, na not for me. My brother use to live in Grants Pass, and just did not seem the place for me. For the Q&A hmm, I really think that's up to you. Either way its always good to see you post. Thanks Again.

  • @hitecpete
    @hitecpete 9 лет назад

    Hi Jeff just post whatever you like . Whenever you can, I always look forward to seeing you.

  • @Talisman-tb6vw
    @Talisman-tb6vw 9 лет назад

    your welding is getting better - practice makes perfect :)

  • @anthonyregora2467
    @anthonyregora2467 8 лет назад

    Hi jeff. M father used to work for the shire council they are the branch that looks after our surrounding roads and township.my father drove an old fordson major with a blade on the back of it you could turn the direction of which side you wanted the blade to work but it also had a dolley wheel on the back of now that dolly wheel could support the entire weight of the blade and three point linkage could float so if the tractor went over a high spot the blade would not go up with the tractor it would stay completly level it was very accurate for leveling out driveways roads and other stuff and the good thing about it was you could turn on a dime it was one of their best things they ever built

  • @DavisRacing38R
    @DavisRacing38R 9 лет назад +1

    Myself I love longer videos! Keep them up

  • @oldmikeemerson2411
    @oldmikeemerson2411 9 лет назад +2

    There aren't good paying jobs in Ohio either. LOL I've enjoyed you videos so far, keep up the good work!

  • @lostsoul4045
    @lostsoul4045 9 лет назад

    Love the videos.. If like to see the finished hair water line wrapped around the wood stove project..
    Also like to see how you do your wood cutting and splitting, that is if you have cool machines or tricks..
    Thanks

  • @meanjoegreen4925
    @meanjoegreen4925 8 лет назад

    wow, I just happen to be watching this on memorial day 2016 may 30th
    nice job of crafting this works perfectly

  • @timl3417
    @timl3417 9 лет назад

    I think you should just take care of your family. Do what you can do for the viewers because we know it’s hard at times and you’ll just be so stressed out, then you will never do anymore videos for the viewers to watch, we will understand. If someone asks you a question then just pick a rainy night to answer them. Your family is most important. Take all the time you need and don’t worry about us viewers as long as you’re happy on what you’re doing that’s all that counts. It’s almost like you want the viewers to know your whole life, that’s not good for everyone to know what you’re doing or up too. You are doing great job on what stuff you want to teach others. You can only do so much.as one man. Just go with the flow, keep up the great teachings. It’s nice to see old school is back because the kids today don’t have a clue on what old school guys can do and is all about.

  • @bluetoad2001
    @bluetoad2001 9 лет назад

    i love that old ball cap you're wearing!

  • @fomoco1454
    @fomoco1454 9 лет назад

    Jeff's videos are great.

  • @arjanwilbie2511
    @arjanwilbie2511 9 лет назад

    Mr. Bradshaw, a Q+A once a month is fine.
    We are waiting till you would say about the help we can give as youtubers... Like a gofundme set up for you to get money to restore your trucks. Same goes for promoting elderlyiron, i hope more people from Europe will join and deals can be made with a shipping company for cheaper pallet freight. You deserve to become a millionaire from it.

  • @gordonmcmillan3130
    @gordonmcmillan3130 9 лет назад +1

    Never mind Jeff, you have all that fresh air, and they haven't taxed that ( yet ) 8-)

  • @BarryFelicecapehandyman
    @BarryFelicecapehandyman 9 лет назад

    I figured u were working being u r a farmer.
    Q and A??? I like the videos.
    Like ur ideas. A+++

  • @57WillysCJ
    @57WillysCJ 9 лет назад

    I remember using a old horse grader when I was young. Except it was drawn by a Minneapolis Moline. I like your set up better, no iron wheels clanging. Q&A is up to you and if you have time.

  • @734greg
    @734greg 9 лет назад

    Jeff I will watch anything you put up. Even if you just video everyday things if they break or whatever!

  • @wldblugrass
    @wldblugrass 9 лет назад

    You know once while I was out with my wife, I was talking about projects I was working on and my wife spoke up and said, "You've been working on rebuilding our deck for 3 years" to which i replied, "I'll have your know I'm Pacing myself" ... There was no come back remark from that ;P

  • @mustie1
    @mustie1 9 лет назад +18

    somthin is wrong with that tractor, every time you start it,,it sounds like a rooster or a dog, nice fab work on the grader,, never under estamate the value of vicegrips,

    • @queenofyeay
      @queenofyeay 9 лет назад +4

      mustie1 yeah, I heard it too, but it's only intermittent, so maybe it's a loose muffler bearing!

    • @RyeHillBaptistChurch
      @RyeHillBaptistChurch 9 лет назад

      MISTERComaToes Naw it's the 100 foot of flight line he's got warped around the bucket of prop wash he painted with striped paint.

    • @queenofyeay
      @queenofyeay 9 лет назад

      Bill Brown
      Oooooo I HATE it when that happens, he's liable to just drill a big hole in the ground if it's true!

    • @mustie1
      @mustie1 9 лет назад +5

      MISTERComaToes l was thinkin it was like he was swearing then covered it up with dubbed in animal noises,

  • @MrJim0823
    @MrJim0823 9 лет назад

    What ever works for you Thanks for the Great videos love the idea you come up with

  • @TheShadeTreeFixitMan
    @TheShadeTreeFixitMan 9 лет назад

    Sure do the Q&A! Fun video doing the road grading.

  • @LarryDeSilva64
    @LarryDeSilva64 9 лет назад

    You have a farm to run entertainment is not your main thing. Any project you have done is great always informative but man you sure do more work than you need to.
    Just like a Q and A that is way too much work and does invite some odd comments. You do more filming than I would ever do. Starting on a rat rod I doubt I will ever do anything for you tube just takes too much time to film. But hey you do a great job keep to your own time schedule don't worry about anyone else Jeff.
    Keep up the good work.

  • @JEZITSHARDTOSIGNIN
    @JEZITSHARDTOSIGNIN 9 лет назад

    lol that was fun . Thank you for updating me on ole blue

  • @Eric.schmidt
    @Eric.schmidt 9 лет назад

    As always, Love your videos

  • @bluetoad2001
    @bluetoad2001 9 лет назад

    thanks for posting these videos.

  • @dominpakam8178
    @dominpakam8178 3 года назад

    Great Idea sir .

  • @waynep343
    @waynep343 7 лет назад

    @16:06 the 2 hole red center bar bracket. what would happen if you made a vertical bar that fit both holes and raised the attachment point several inches to a foot.. perhaps bending an old leaf spring into a tall U shape so you are tight on both sides of the red bracket and putting more holes up above to attach things to. that would increase the pull ratio quicker perhaps than redoing the relay lever in the middle..

  • @lewiemcneely9143
    @lewiemcneely9143 9 лет назад +2

    And the return of The Flying Dutchman!!

  • @harperjmichael
    @harperjmichael 9 лет назад

    It's almost hay season for you too, I just baled 93 big bales 25JUN2015. But I also took vacation to have time to do it too.

  • @laohantun7404
    @laohantun7404 9 лет назад

    Busy man you are...take it one step at a time.....you are all by yourself. We can't ask for more.

  • @52dodgeman95
    @52dodgeman95 9 лет назад

    Thanks for the update and the reality check. Keep the videos coming when you can, great stuff. Oregon rules.

  • @brucebooher2288
    @brucebooher2288 9 лет назад

    I wish I had you as a neighbor. I can't imagine all the trouble I could get into.

  • @maxwellslifejourney
    @maxwellslifejourney 9 лет назад

    thumbs up . great idea for I way to solve a need .

  • @jbmbanter
    @jbmbanter 9 лет назад +1

    Well Jeff, whatever you do we appreciate it. Just put videos for us when you can. :)

  • @swart112
    @swart112 9 лет назад

    Got worried about you man. Keep up the good work. I say no to the QandA id rather see builds.

  • @deathrider1974
    @deathrider1974 7 лет назад

    this is quite ingenius I wish my tractor was bigger id try something similar

  • @dannyo1966
    @dannyo1966 9 лет назад

    We have that exact same yellow 3-point blade, however, ours is still attached to the 3-point on the tractor. LOL.
    The lifting mechanism is actually a 3rd class lever, not a second class. A second class would have the power at the end of the lever and the weight at the center, which gives a greater mechanical advantage, but less movement of the load. A 3rd class lever has the power in the center of the lever and the weight at the end, giving a larger movement of the weight but requiring more effort to move the weight than it weighs. But the tractor obviously can move it just fine.

  • @jimwilson3157
    @jimwilson3157 9 лет назад +1

    Hey buddy.
    You may be the most entertaining guy on You tube. Your shit is GOOD.
    Keep it up.
    Where are you?

  • @johngoforth3797
    @johngoforth3797 9 лет назад

    I enjoy your videos, and would rather you post them when you have time than feel pressured to the point that you don't want to make them any more! As far as Q&A, It might be an easy way to put out a video without a lot of editing. Maybe the wife could help with that?

  • @sthier24
    @sthier24 9 лет назад

    Great job!

  • @RobiSydney
    @RobiSydney 9 лет назад

    Q&A about once a month or two would be good for me.

  • @WorldwarIIvehicleguy
    @WorldwarIIvehicleguy 9 лет назад

    I would really like the Q and As Jeff!

  • @andrewkiwi1
    @andrewkiwi1 9 лет назад

    Re the Q + A Every 2 or weeks so you don't run out of material. Can you tilt your grader by bottle jack and blocks of wood between the leaf springs and frame. then a loop of fence wire over the top and some staples.

  • @wesholbrook6379
    @wesholbrook6379 9 лет назад

    thanks for what you do
    one of my fave trucks was my 57chevy pu 10.5 in the quarter I spent lots hours building that rod
    ps the screws in the trucks are clutch head screws snap on has them on the tool truck their are 3 of them they are 1/4 3/8 driver size ;-{ }

  • @rotironwerks
    @rotironwerks 9 лет назад

    I built one of these in my head one time, was going to use trailer screw jacks on each side for tilt control. But couldn't figure out how to switch toe to heal from side to side.

  • @danielvanlannen
    @danielvanlannen 9 лет назад

    You Sir are the best and the heck with the rest.

  • @ScorpTac
    @ScorpTac 9 лет назад +1

    updating cookies is a good idea. I recently made a white chocolate/mint one with the dough from the white chocolate, macadamia nut recipe... you should try them. mmm.... :)

  • @lewisokert1964
    @lewisokert1964 9 лет назад

    A Q and A might be good. I have a question about Whitey. Did you find a solution to the stud that prevented you from connecting the brake line?

  • @pablocesaropaso3401
    @pablocesaropaso3401 3 года назад

    Hello well done ..What would be
    its recommended weight?

    • @ElderlyIron
      @ElderlyIron  3 года назад +1

      Whatever you find it needs to be. Seriously. This one, as it is, will grade the high spots off the gravel without digging down into the road bed. as you add weight, you can scrape deeper and loosen the road bed, which I don't want to do. I COULD add weight just to make fewer passes to cut the high spot off, but would have to carefully watch the height at which I operated it.

  • @wildthing3023
    @wildthing3023 9 лет назад

    Dude I find you..your stuff..your location..so darn cool..im like you mechcanally inclined..

  • @CedarworkshopNet
    @CedarworkshopNet 9 лет назад

    Agreed, it's difficult to run a camera, set up a shot and do constructive commentary. Look forwards to future videos!

  • @stevewatr
    @stevewatr 9 лет назад +3

    Hey isn't that guy who drove up at the end the flying dutchman? I think that's what Jeff calls him.

  • @jacksonglass5145
    @jacksonglass5145 9 лет назад

    Do you still have that old white truck that is the logo

  • @ethansarver1542
    @ethansarver1542 9 лет назад

    I like your videos

  • @joshsmith8349
    @joshsmith8349 9 лет назад

    q and a would be pritty cool =P

  • @sammanthalee990
    @sammanthalee990 6 лет назад

    thnks for sharing mr. jeff ....

  • @1951davey
    @1951davey 2 года назад

    If you ever need that tire iron, you’ll know where to find it! You could use a camera person to avoid the weird angles and “panning”.

  • @steveballard1463
    @steveballard1463 9 лет назад

    great idea

  • @grodad7034
    @grodad7034 9 лет назад

    I can usually figure out when you're doing things by spotting items in the background like foliage and semi-done projects. I get the whole time smash-up filming everything so, in the spirit of self sustainable lifestyle, chi-ching the heck outta everything bud. Your wife may be right about viewer numbers but do ya really want all those passive (lazy) viewers who don't know what a budding tree looks like? EGAD. You're ingenious and a born teacher. I lament how much wisdom will pass from the earth when you go,, MANY MOONS FROM NOW! Happy trails!

  • @DannyWalker1949
    @DannyWalker1949 9 лет назад

    I'm Not sure BUT, you might want to check that Right Rear wheel on the Grader, it looks like you might have a couple missing lug nuts and it already wobbling out your wheel studs holes???? You just might to check it.

  • @MinniMoR
    @MinniMoR 9 лет назад

    I'd love to see Q&A!

  • @shellez101
    @shellez101 9 лет назад

    G,day Jeff just do what you can do ...no pressure , just thinkin did ya get them ear plugs or did I stuff up the postage ? Anyway cheers and thanks buddy .

    • @ElderlyIron
      @ElderlyIron  9 лет назад +1

      shellez101 I did! I must say, those plugs are the best I've used! I figured they'd be the same as any other squeezy plugs, but they really knock the db's down and don't try expanding your ear canal. I bagged them up and stuck a bag in each vehicle. Now I'll always have some on hand! I'll be using the whole lot of goods. Thank you!
      P.S. I won't watch "unboxing" videos, so I don't post any!

    • @SupernaturalBeingsofEarth
      @SupernaturalBeingsofEarth 9 лет назад

      shellez101 What brand are you referring to Shellez ?

  • @laohantun7404
    @laohantun7404 9 лет назад

    Awesome grader.....

  • @bg147
    @bg147 9 лет назад +1

    I like the Dutchman.

  • @soldtobediers
    @soldtobediers 7 лет назад

    2:43 "FABRICOBBLED" i'm puttin that one to work in my slang mill.
    15:56 Individual Homie airbag shocks suspension control for blade tilt?

  • @deme7063
    @deme7063 9 лет назад

    Q&A always good. Your fans want to connect

  • @john6218att
    @john6218att 9 лет назад

    what state are you in

  • @iamrichrocker
    @iamrichrocker 9 лет назад

    does Dr.Frankenstein come to mind with Jeff? pure crazy genius...

  • @tomrausch7014
    @tomrausch7014 6 лет назад

    Seems everyone likes the grader. Do we give it an “A”? (I hear Jeff sometimes grades on curve).