What is a MOSFET? How MOSFETs Work? (MOSFET Tutorial)
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- Опубликовано: 10 май 2024
- Hi guys! In this video, I will explain the basic structure and working principle of MOSFETs used in switching, boosting or power balancing tasks in DC-DC converter circuits, motor driver circuits and many more power electronics circuits. MOSFETs are the most widely used field-effect transistors that operate with voltage control.
We can examine FETs in two groups as you can see here. We had a lesson in which I explained JFET before. I will explain the MOSFET in this trouble. The abbreviation of MOSFET comes from the initials of the Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor words.
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#mosfet #transistor
The amount of knowledge we can get from these videos is enormous . I am 72 and still learning things . I may never use this knowledge but for the young people out there this videos can open up job opportunities or prepare you in the field of electronics . Even if you were not good in math !
Better tutorials than what I learned in school.
Thank you so much 🙏🏼
Perfect explanation! And The example Mosfet Driver Circuit at the end of the video, made me understand it's use cases even better. Thank you!
This is exactly what I needed to know, it really dumbs down the information about the function of a mosfet into digestable and useful information I can actually use thank you!!
You forgot about the even less known Boron-Oxide Barium Field Effect Transistor, or BOBaFET.
It seems that there is even a whole book about it.
Jokes aside, nice video!
Thank you. Unfortunately, I didn't know much about this transistor.
So wel explained with the picture of water valve, it makes it so much easier to picture and understand. Hopefully your other teachings are of same quality
Thank you God bless you, the more you help to give, the given wisdom you shall receive abundantly !!!
Your explanation got my novice level head aligned on the MOSFET. Thank you.
Brilliant explanation! Thank you very much!
Hello dear professor
Your lessons are really interesting and crucial, thank you so much for your help and advice,i do appreciate your job,i wish you peace and happiness under the sky of prosperity,all the best.
Take care and have a good time.
Great background on MOSFETs.
Thanks!
Thank you so much 🙏🏼
This channel is indeed unique and different than others.. keep it up
Good Definitions about MOSFET with Related Animations are Stands Apart , Thank for Sharing and God Bless You Too .
Thank you so much 😊
I just learned more about MOSFETs in 8 minutes then I did in two YEARS of AA degree classes.
Educational, clear and concise. Thank you. 👍
Subscribed!
Thank you so much ☺️🙏
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Really nice explanation, kept it simple! Continue with the good work 👍
Thank you so much ☺️🙏🏼
Excellent video, can you do a 2nd video by chance on how to measure a MOSFET to determ if it is BAD or OK ?
Very clear explanation i did enjoy it .i understand hiw they work thanks I'm your subscriber now
Some bipolar transistors can also transmit large currents at high voltages. Note that most inverter motor controllers use IGBT transistors which are a hybrid of MOSFET and BiPolar transistors.
Excellent, well explained ,very knowledgeable session, all the best and keep it up..
Thank you so much ☺️
Thanks for the teaching
2:25 the electronic ignition in your car is highly likely to be using a BJT to fire the coil. In the GM HEI module it would be a MJ10012 or similar and would be conducting up to around 6 Amps. Almost every solid state audio amplifier from the 1960s to well into the 1980s was using bipolar transistors. High power mosfets became more popular later on. During the same period, bipolar power transistors were used in almost all mobile two-way radio equipment in the RF power transmitter stages, until power mosfet pricing and performance improved. There are plenty of high current bipolar transistors.
I like your video and the way of coaching easily understandable.. Thanks🙏..
I'm glad you like the videos. Thank you 😊
Superb, very Helpful for my quick review. Subscribed
Thank you so much ☺️🙏
great video 👍
respect from Gilgit Baltistan❤😊
Thank you so much ☺️
Thanks for the video.
Nice Job! Thank you for posting it. This lesson is perfectly thought out and illustrated nicely. The AI voice is fine by me.
Thank you so much ☺️
Thank you for explaning about MOSFET 👍🙏🇮🇩
Thank you so much ☺️
Thank you I have learned a lot
afters weeks of searching for a video that easily explains mosfets , I came across your video . Thanks a lot !! but can you make a video about mosfets with more than 3 pins , especially 8 pins mosfets ?
Hi. I am so glad you liked the video ☺️ I will try to do research and make a video.
With a logic-level MOSFET, the circuit with the Arduino Uno would be just fine. however, with a power MOSFET (the kind that can control large currents), that would fry the microcontroller with the inrush current (gate forms a capacitor with the junction). In those cases, one needs to use a gate driver, which I think would be a good follow-up video subject. I've used MOSFETs to modify flywheel foam dart and ball blasters, since the motors I used have a 28 A stall current.
I LOVE THIS CHANNEL!! BY ORDER OF ME, GEORGE MILLER, DON'T EVER STOP MAKING VIDEOS 🙂
Thank you so much 😅👍🏻
No-one cares what your name is bro
Don't let the direction of current flow bother you. Think of one direction as electron-flow and the other as hole-flow. Hole-flow is aka conventional-flow and a hole can be thought of as where the electron flowing in the opposite direction used to be.
Ive been trying to tell my wife that for years, but she still won't try it.
Good video, much appreciated
Thank you so much 😊
thank you , very usefull !
If there's JFET and MOSFET, what about BOBAFET?
Kidding aside, I love your explanation between these two. Thank you.
Using the pot to variable polarize the gate is same to control the speed of your car with a valve from fuel tank to the carb or injection pump .Did you heard pulse with modulation sometimes?
Thank you very much ....sir 😊
What a good content! Thank you very much!
I'm so glad it was useful. Thank you 🙏
Hello, what studies are required to master the operation of this electrical board with its components?
Allsome work guys from cruzermans inventions 😁👍🎉🌟
thanks. i liked this video
Thank you so much ☺️
As a guitarist, the MOSFET distortion pedal is a very sought after tone. I have no clue why, but it gives the circuit a very unique flavor of clipping and is very popular in the blues/rock/classic metal genres. That's what brought me here.
From what I gather, it's the very fast switching rate that the MOSFET is capable of (which is one reason why it's commonly used in high-voltage power situations). Interesting that it's desirable for distortion since most tubes (12ax7, etc) are the opposite and have very sluggish responses. This is one of the reasons why the famed LM308 Opamp in Rats and Tube Screamers is supposedly so desirable.
I also started studying stuff like this because I play the guitar and wanted to build my own amps and pedals. I did build a distortion pedal with an LM386 and it sounded great. Sounded like a fuzz pedal. It was great.
I'd like to see some vids on reverse polarity and short protection. Also latching.
This is how a MOSFET works, Not how to build a spce craft...
Don't just buy the book, read the words...
;)
So when you turn on a tap, water flows from the drain to the source of the water?? That's where I switched off....
In an N-type MOSFET, electrons flow internally from the source to the drain, but conventional current flows opposite, from the drain to the source. So, if we choose to have water flowing in the direction of conventional current (as opposed to having it represent the flow of electrons) then that diagram would be correct, with water flowing from drain to source. It may be confusing, but that is the fault of 1980's electrical engineers, not the channel author.
@@prestonbecker8784 the channel author should have used an Pchannel then, or used a diagram that was different, this is absolutely the choice of the channel author. This choice made it confusing for their viewers. Not the "1980's electrical engineers" you are attempting to misdirect the problem at.
That's because there are two types of MOSFET, a P channel would go like you think from Source to Drain, a N channel (far more common) goes from Drain to Source. I agree not the best analogy.
Wouldn't it be better to have a diode on the output of the uController to prevent reverse current?
Thanks a lot for your sharing Sir.
Thank you so much ☺️🙏🏼
Thanks. explained well.
Thank you so much ☺️🙏🏼
Good stuff....was better when EE were specialists back then.
best video simple way explain 😉
Thank you so much ☺️
In the last schematic of the DC MOTOR controller DRIVER module. If driving LEDS the schematic is correct. But if used as a motor controller there should be a Shottkey Diode over the motor to prevent spikes from the coil blowing up mosfet. ??
Yes, I agree that a diode (as substituted for the resistor) would be better at controlling the back-EMF as developed by the Motor - when the Motor is turned-off
What semiconductors are used for higher-power applications, e. g. electric vehicles and hybrids, locomotives, and DC power transmission between AC grids?
now this is an interesting query 😁
hope someone answers
IGBT are used for higher power applications.
wow bro u explained it so simple make more video make video on how to use it in circuit
Thank you so much 😊 I try to produce as much content as I can 🤙
It sounds like a mosfet is a like a bypass valve. Access to full power ( source ) but if only a partial speed is wanted it sends the unwanted current to drain thereby bypassing the unwanted voltage / current to a different loop and circulating it not wasting in in heat like a potentiometer.
Very well done.
Thank you so much ☺️🙏
I think you flipped sourced and drain for the fauset explaination.... I could be wrong, but idk, it just confused me lmao
Yes, the fact that P & N mosfet actually have different directions makes the faucet analogy even more strange. Since in one of them, water would stream in reverse anyways.
The problem is that it's conventional to draw circuits with the 'ground' as a common rail connected to -ve, with the'electricity' entering from the +ve, going through the components, and 'back' to -ve. So N-channel FETs have the 'electricity' going from drain (+) to source (-). This is because, when electricity was first discovered, it was believed to flow from + to -, and the convention stuck. BUT, electricity is actually a flow of negatively charged electrons from -ve to +ve. So the tap analogy must be referring to the concept of 'electricity' rather than what actually happens.
@@paulrudman1349my compliments to your observation I’m an old man who uses electron flow hence electronics Cheers
Great explanation
Thank you so much ☺️
I'd like to see a simple bare-bones MOSFET configuration like this for audio. There are 10s of thousands of "audio amplifier" designs, but I'm curious about the absolute minimum to pass an audio signal by MOSFET. If there is already such a video, my apologies for not looking first. :-)
Nice info, thanks :)
Thank you so much ☺️🙏
Thank you for this explication
I'm so glad it was useful. Thank you 🙏
excellent tutorials! very informative and easy to follow and understand! thanks!
Thank you very much ☺️🙏
P channel arrow going in n channel arrow going out. Thank you I have learned a lot.
Here's an easy way to memorize:
NPN = "Never Points iN" ( ⬅⭕)
PNP = "Points iN Proudly" ( ➡⭕)
2N3055s have 15A continuous and Vceo of 60 volts. First used well over 50 years ago
I was going to mention this. Back when I was building power amplifiers in the late 1970s I had a large range of both NPN and PNP BJT transistors from which to choose with collector current ratings over 15 amps.
@@bunkie2100 I was working on VHF and UHF mobile network transmitters in the 1980s, no mosfets there either.
Nice video!! Subscribed!
Thank you so much ☺️
I couldn't agree more, simple and practical knowledge.
Add another sub for sure.
Edit; It's really annoying me that I can't remember the term for power control using this method.....oh, hang on, the lazy little hamster that powers my brain just had a run on the wheel, Pulse Width Modulation, I feel so very much better now!
Pax.
One thing that was drummed into me, working with them, was how fragile MOSFETs are in relation to high voltage. This why, when handling them, you should wear an earthing strap to short out static which may be many thousands of volts; no power or danger to humans but deadly to these devices and their packaging is conductive carbon foam.
Super materiał bracie!
Thank you so much ☺️
Nice video but I am wondering why you didn’t use a diode to protect the circuit instead of the resistor.
Thank you so much ☺️🙏 Unfortunately, when I was preparing the script of the video, I didn't think of it 😔
At 6:37 with the PWM you don't show any positive leads to micro controller. I don't know maybe it has a separate power source. You show 2 negative leads going to it.
Great explanation! Doesn't electricity actually flow negative to positive though? This is confusing me. Thanks.
Thank you so much. The movement of electrons is normally from negative to positive. But in theory, the direction of the current is accepted as the opposite. Circuit analyzes are made according to the direction of the current.
Conventional current
You are super explainer. I hope you make more videos for us better understand. Thank you.
Thank you very much ☺️ I will always try to make new videos 🙏🏼
Nice
I have often used the IRFzed44N.
This is we ll explained and understandable
Thank you so much 😊
thanks
What a great technology ❣️❣️❣️❣️ your so smart
Thank you so much.
You’re
Tuyệt quá, bấm đăng ký kênh luôn rồi bạn.
Electrons flow from the negative to the positive round a DC circuit
Absolutely true, but to this day, diagrams are STILL made using "conventional flow"🤔. I don't know why this tradition persists. 🤷♂️
@@jamesslick4790 too much literture too change so easier and less confusing to keep using conventional
They don't change it because they will not that to many people think about it. when you think deeper about the true direction of the flow, that will show that everything they teach about electron movement is false and in reality they know nothing about they have only theories! about how electricity works.
@@Toxxxic_ Just have a program change the literature. Going forward it doesn't make sense -- to me -- to keep the traditional concept of current flow when electron flow makes more sense.
Still nfi on my quest 2 build a deathstar, cheers anyhoo :-)
Sir. Think. for. a. nice. explaination
Thank you so much 😊🙏
Your hose bib analogy is backwards. Such as in an "N" channel device the negative is applied to the source and electrons flow through the device to the drain looking for the positive. [or more positive] Electrons flow from the negative terminal of a battery towards the positive terminal.
By convention, because electrons are assigned negative charge, we diagram current as the flow of positive charge. So in electrical engineering this is correct, while not technically the case physics-wise (unless you want to talk about "holes" but that's another can of worms).
Yeah, lets talk "hole theory"...
;)
Great mosfet introduction
Thank you so much ☺️
thank you alot
As someone with a VERY basic knowledge of electronics, why is the MOSFET needed for the fan circuit? If the POT is used to change the voltage to the fan, won't it change the speed of the fan without the MOSFET anyway?
Without the MOSFET all the current would run through the POT which would probably burn it up. At leat that is how I understand it but my knowledge is also pretty basic.
@@audunskilbrei8279 This is true for most higher power circuits. POTs aren't meant to switch much current. The one shown here could probably handle the current for that motor but the purpose was to show the usage as a speed controller input to the MOSFET.
This is fing cool!
😅 Thanks 🙏
I'm thinking that "The MOSFETs" would be a great band name.
😁
😂👍
There used to a band called "The Moffats".
It might get changed to "The Misfits"
Can you tell me what does that Zener diode mean in the MOSFET symbol? I've seen MOSFET symbols with and without it. Does it represent some side effect of a MOSFET, or do they literally put a Zener diode in a a MOSFET for some purpose?
I haven't looked it up in a while, so maybe double check my info, but if I'm not mistaken the zener symbol is used to symbolize that this particular MOSFET is "Repetitive Avalanche Rated". The ones you see with just the diode symbol means it's NOT Repetitive Avalanche rated, so avalanches will result in a catastrophic failure, just like a typical diode.
That's how it was described to me long ago... hopefully that helps.
@@Big74Mike2012 Sir ,i am stupid ! My q is that the diode = rds?
Zener 🤭
So good
Thank you so much 🙏🏼
i like it.
Thanks
Great video, thanks.
I'm not an electrician or an engineer (that will probably become obvious in a moment) but it sounds to me like they got the drain and source mixed up. In the faucet analogy, why wouldn't the pipe leading into the spigot be the source? Is that not where the water flow is coming from?
You're right, they mixed up
@@laysleal13 It's not mixed up. This is called "conventional current". See the comment below about Ben Franklin.
People it's not right or wrong, you can connect a p channel MOSFET source to a positive voltage and have the drain on negative, so then which way is current flowing? Well, drain to source right? So without more context to the application you can't say whether it's wrong or right. It's just a rough visual of how the device generally works, don't try to hook your FET up to the water spigot.
You are right about the water tap.
So good.
Thank you so much 😊🙏
Power green wire use poline and pour oil and pound blue silver to light medal that heals near over and wait about three weeks
Thank you
Well explained 👏 👌 👍.
Thank you so much ☺️🙏🏼
THANKS
6:00 That circuit would blow the MOSFET easily if it doesn't have protection against back EMF from the motors. Anytime the motor is shut off, the collapse of the magnetic fields generate a current in the reverse direction. Typically, you need to add a diode from drain to source wired in reverse to prevent the the MOSFET from blowing. The only time you don't need it is when the MOSFET has internal protection. Some MOSFET circuits that requires an external PWM signal to switch the MOSFET include optoisolators to prevent damage to the MOSFET. Who knows what type of signal people may use as an input. By putting in optoisolators, you decouple the two circuits and prevent external signals from damaging the FET. Its another layer of protection that is used in robust designs. Its common for MOSFETs to blow if its not designed properly. Its almost job security as soon as I look at some of the schematics.
Thank you for the additional information.
All power MOSFETs have in inverse diode between drain and source. It is there because of the way FETs are fabricated. In the early days of FETs they were just sort of there. Now they are generally carefully characterized and can be used to advantage.
The current in an inductor does not change direction when the field collapses. The polarity of the voltage changes but the direction of current flow stays the same. An inverse diode across the FET doesn't cope with that, however the internal body diode behaves similar to a zener and _may_ be able to handle the current.
Thanks.
@ 4:39, it will be interesting to see how that 10KΩ resistor was calculated.
I'd say it's because the potentiometer is a 10KΩ. In effect this creates a total variable resistance of 20KΩ that has a physical limit set at 50%. Using the principles of a voltage divider, the voltage at the slider would vary between 4.5V to 9V when measured in reference to ground (which is the negative). And most likely to prevent a high current or short situation between the DRAIN and the GATE.