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What you see at the bottom of the Coloseum today, is actually the basements, and yes they where a locker rooms for lack of a better term. They also functioned as an arsenal and prop room for the games and even had their own forges and workshops There was also kennels for the animals used in the performances, they even had elevators and trapdoors through which they could spring surprises on the people fighting in the arena. And yes they could flood the arena for naval battles, but i think there are only 2 documented occasions where that actually happened. The coloseum performances was a strange mix of theater, public executions, WWE matches and a Zoo. For example they would have comedic warmups to the gladitorial fights with women mock figthing midgets, short skeetch shows, public announcements and so on. Many of the main fights were not actually to the death, but sophisticated shows with the figthers inflicting surface wounds on each other to highten the dramatics, gladiators were expensive, so only the most expensive games would be to the death. Often they would reenact battles using prisoners to play the warriors of the losing side, these prisoners would be armed with lead or wooden weapons to ensure they lost the fight, again trained gladiators are very expensive. The most popular fights would be animal fights, were they would pit animals against each other, like a pack of wolves against a bear, or they would have master hunters bringing down lions, tigers and so forth. On occasion they would also throw prisoners into the arena to be killed by the animals. But no matter how popular the Coloseum was, the true love of the Roman people was chariot races, a sport that started small civil wars, and could destroy or even make emperors
You are clearly not aware of the ancient draconian mentality. Animals were both sacrificed and taken care of depending if they were to serve religious or practical stuff. No metaphor for crucifying dogs at all. Ancient Greece sexual favours were exchanged as payment for example too something that is completely taboo today and a crime (pedophilia).
One of the events leading to the Epic battle of Adrianople.. Where really angry Goths kicked some Roman butt. LOL.. Well, one of the events leading to it, was the Romans forced Goths to sell their children into slavery in exchange for rotten dog meat to eat.
"I didn't know the Romans had a civil war like this" ... Roman history from Marius onwards is basically a never ending civil war with brief periods of not having civil wars.
@@RESTITVTOR_TOTIVS_HISPANIAE Exactly. What also made Byzantine civil wars less deadly and destructive was that, all throughout the Byzantine Empire's history, armies were much smaller than they were in the days of the Roman Empire. A large army in 100 AD was like 60,000 men. A large army in 800 AD was 10,000 men. And, as you said, their civil wars usually ended when the citizens of Constantinople opened the gates for the rebelling general, and the church would immediately crown him emperor, and bam... it's all over.
Let me add my name to the list; we need to see those blocks! I can't think of prominent ancient Romans or the leading figures of the English Civil War without seeing colored-in squares! We need the colorful squares! 😂
When the Flavian Amphitheatre (Colosseum) was first constructed it had a solid floor, but in the 2nd century a system of trap doors and tunnels were constructed underneath the arena to allow animals and fighters to emerge from below. As a result the arena was no longer watertight and they couldn't have any more Sea battles
I am once again recommending Historia Civilis and Invicta. Historia Civilis has a really good series which explains Rome's political system and the events of the late republic. His latest video details Mark Anthony's embarrassing Parthian campaign. Invicta's videos are more like snapshots of significant events/campaigns and what daily life was like for the Romans.
Basically just go to Historia Civilis, then to the Playlists, then click on the playlist titled "Roman History", start from the beginning and go. lol I just looked and there are 59 videos and they are in chronological order. Have fun!
Roman Empire was also technically copy-cats. The double-headed eagle as a symbol for Empire goes back to the Hittites of Anatolia. At least that is the furthest we can trace it back to.
Also, Italy itself is sort of a copycat of Byzantine. If one takes the Ostrogothic state put into place as an early form of Italy. The Ostrogothic King writes a long letter to Constantinople, telling them how he plans to create his kingdom in the image of Romans in Constantinople. The Byzantine response to this letter was Justinian to send Bellsiarius to reconquer Italy lol.
Animal sacrifice of all types was very common in Ancient Rome for auguries, portents and religious ceremonies. The particular type of animal was picked depending on the season, tradition and type of augury sought. So yes, dogs among many other animals were regularly sacrificed in a variety of ways. Occasionally human sacrifice occurred also, Roman civilization is a relative term.
There was one story where a Naval Commander in one of the punic wars, kept killing chickens. The idea was the chicken would have to run a certain pattern before dying for it to be a good omen. Finally after many chickens and a long time passed he got the omen that he was looking for. I think that whole fleet ended up sinking in a storm actually.
human sacrifice was kind of a no no for romans, it was kinda done in triumphs tho, and other 2 explicit times iirc, during the second punic war and under augustus
@@edgardobassi4864 the civilisation of Rome is used relative to the 'barbarian' practices of the pagan non-Roman tribal communities, largely of Eastern Europe but farther afield also, of the same era. I don't think I've heard of anyone outside the US refer to USA as a 'cilivisation', not solely due to the ongoing use of the death penalty, but that certainly doesn't help.
@@sangfroidian5451 US is not a Civilization? Anyway, I was referring to the surprise and horror of killing dogs when They still have the Death Penalty!
@@samrevlej9331 There are written Roman accounts of such helmets. And a lest one surviving physical example: the Ciumeşti Helmet. These would be purely ceremonial of course.
The Gauls had tribal confederations and would migrate and go on raids. They had contact with the Greeks via Marseille in Southern France. They Grew wine there and in the surrounding area. One of the inventions attributed to the Gauls was chain mail armor. Not every Gaul could afford it but for their nobility class, it made them fearsome warriors. Around the time they sacked and looted Rome, they also sacked the city of Delphi in Greece. Where the famous Oracle of Delphi was. A group of Gauls were later hired by the Seleucids and moved into the center of what is today Turkey. These would be called the Galatians. Just a quick overview of early Gauls, people can add to if they want.
"The great Carthage waged three wars. It was still powerful after the first, still habitable after the second. It was untraceable after the third." - Bertold Brecht
If you're looking for more ancient Rome stuff, Kings and Generals have a ton of videos on Rome include Ceasar's civil war and conquest of Gaul (France) Also, I recommend listening to the History of Rome podcast. It covers Rome from Romulus to the last emperor
The Colosseum floor is missing. The area you see are the pens and storage areas. The people sat on benches. Clay tickets told you which entrance to use to get in, then row and seat. Because Each arch around the base was an entrance. Using this system the building could be filled and emptied of people in a very short time.
From Wikipedia The supplicia canum ("punishment of the dogs") was an annual sacrifice of ancient Roman religion in which live dogs were suspended from a furca ("fork") or cross (crux) and paraded. It appears on none of the extant Roman calendars, but a late source[1] places it on August 3 (III Non. Aug.). In the same procession, geese were decorated in gold and purple and carried in honor. Ancient sources who explain the origin of the supplicia say that the geese were honored for saving the city during the Gallic siege of Rome. When the Gauls launched a nocturnal assault by stealth on the citadel, the geese raised a noisy alarm. The failure of the watch dogs to bark was thereafter ritually punished each year.
Many people already mentioned the tunnels beneath the Colosseum, but about the seats. What you see today in the Colosseum is merely the substructures for the seating (as well as the stairwells). The Colosseum originally had marble seating, much like Ancient Greek theaters, and was divided among social classes. The level closest to the arena was reserved for Senators (the Emperor also had his own box at this level), then above that were the non-Senatorial nobles, then the next two rows were for wealthy and poorer citizens. The last level at the very top had wooden seating and was reserved for women and slaves. This marble seating is (almost) completely gone today, because after the Western Roman Empire fell, the Colosseum (and many other Roman monuments) was used as a quarry, the marble seating being a great target for looters wither wanting to decorate their homes/churches or to make quicklime. What remains of the Colosseum today is essentially a shell, with all the ornaments and expensive stones removed (aswell as half of the arena being gone due to an earthquake in the 1300's).
There's a tendency these days to judge the past according to our modern standards and forget that as a species we are continually evolving. The world was a very brutal place (still is in some parts of the world) back then and for the times Rome was actually quite civilised compared to many of the societies around it. We are familiar with and are taught about the various conflicts arising from clashes with peoples who did not want to be under the influence of Rome. However, we forget that there were also many more who understood the advantages of being part of the empire. The Romans raised the standard of living everywhere they went with the introduction of roads, laws, education, innovations in agriculture (aqueducts made irrigation easier), architecture, engineering and medicine which made life easier and more prosperous for people. Not to mention that the Roman empire was the very vehicle that gave birth (let's remember that Jesus was put to death on a Roman cross) as well as enabled the the spread of Christianity (Roman roads, and the use of a lingua franca helped the message to spread rapidly) which, with its notion of charity: previously a foreign concept, had an even further civilising effect on the people of Europe. This is why the empire was so successful for so long. It's because of its success and the length of that success that much of our modern western culture can be traced back to ancient Rome. There's a reason why we learn about it in school: it's because it's what lies at the foundation of western civilisation.
The viking helm thing is actually a Celtic thing and the romanticize of the viking era added the horned helmets and the typical Conan the barbarian attire to the vikings. Real viking helmets did not have horns or feathered wings or much in the way of ornaments and the viking themselves resembled mostly other typical Germanic peoples in the way they dressed. On a battlefield between the English and the Vikings I am pretty sure most people would have a hard time to figure out who is who (both parties being Germanic and basically using same tactics and weaponry).
A lot of stone from ancient roman buildings were used to build "modern" (rome after roman empire) Rome, therefore, among other, Flavian amphitheater (Colosseum) without seats :D
Hi SoGal ... The Colosseum originally had a floor (at the level of the semi circle on the right) ... The passages under the floor were to enable the movement of gladiators, animals etc ... Trap doors in the floor allowed the " suprise " introduction of lions, tigers, wolves to the arena during gladiatorial fights. It was also possible to flood the entire arena (from reservoirs miles away) to re-enact sea battles with smaller scale ships. ...... It's an amazing place .... a Cross has been erected inside in honour of the many (probably thousands) of people that died in the arena..... Modern stadiums use the same principles that the Colosseum was built on, for quick evacuation if needed.
Also what remains of the colosseum is only half of the building, miners and heartquakes during the middle ages began to dismantle the colosseum but during the renaissance a church was built inside the arena and the pope protected the ruins of the colosseum
@@felicepompa1702 Thanks for the reply ☺ .... can't wait to return to Rome again ... I wanted to see inside The Pantheon but it was closed the days I went 😕 ... great reason (excuse !) to return though 😆😆
@@steved6092 if you visit rome (after this stupid situation ends) try coming during early-mid autumn or late spring because summers are too hot even for locals, that just escape to the sea (early october might be the best period, or at least i find it the perfect mix between summer's good weather and winter cold)
@@felicepompa1702 Hi, thanks .... It would be late spring again ... must see the Spanish Steps with the Azaliahs again and perhaps pay to go around the Forum this time (advised against paying last time for some reason) ... There was too much to see and not enough time in five days and spent best part of two days at the Vatican as well (also got lost walking from one place to the other occasionally ! ! 🙈😂) ☺ ... but was desperate to see the Pantheon though
A lot of people are recommending HBO's series Rome. You might also check out the BBC's dramatisation of "I, Claudius", Robert Graves' series of novels about the Emperor Claudius and his somewhat dysfunctional family :-) It might be somewhat dated in production values, but the cast is incredible and it gives a pretty wide picture of the events of the early years of the Roman Empire.
I Claudius is an excellent series and filled with a star studied cast of British acting greats. Many virtually unknown at the time like John Hurt and Patrick Stewart. The fantastic Brian Blessed plays Augustus. A must watch if you can get hold of it.
I hadn’t heard about the Romans crucifying dogs, but I can find some validity to geese helping to save Rome from the Gauls. I used to fly frequently with a friend from Van Nuys airport and that airport had a flock of guard geese that did a great job of helping to protect the planes and hangars from unwanted intruders.
A note on the word Gaul, surprisingly its unrelated to the word the Romans used for the region, Gallia. Gaul comes from a Frankish word meaning celt or foreigner. The same germanic root appears in the words Wales and Cornwall.
That is some good stuff.. Looking more into it. IT explains why Wallachia and Romania are related. They both mean Roman. It's just Wallachia from a Germanic perspective after the fall of Rome. Romania from the Roman perspective. Since our history tends to be written from a Germanic point of view, we get terms like Byzantine and Wallachia instead of just Romania.
I don't think human history is necessarily just "bad", it's just the most brutal parts are most of the time; the most interesting. We could spend all day reading and watching videos about Rome's achievements in technology, philosophy, and architecture. But at the end of the day, we want to hear about the sacking of Carthage for example.
Ugh yeses. When I finish this 6 hour car journey I'll deffo be watching this. Anyone else visited Cornwall before? I've just been there a week and was blown away at the prehistoric megaliths and dark age settlements. And incredible natural beauty of the landscape amazing 👏
" SUPPLICIA CANUM " was an annual parade and sacrifice of dogs, allegedly 1 or 2 (still horrendous though🙈) geese were honoured in the same parade. Probably came about due to the Gauls feeding the hungry guard dogs to keep them quiet and the geese raising the alarm.
It depends on how you measure it, but most people would agree that ancient Egypt is probably the longest lasting empire or kingdom. From unification in around 3100 BC to it being conquered by Alexander the Great in 332 BC is approximately 3000 years - that's 30 centuries. About comparing the USA to ancient Rome, I think its a poor comparison to be honest. Almost every world leading power since Rome has seen itself as the "modern Rome". The Brits controlled a quarter of all the people alive on Earth (screwing up borders and causing conflicts that last to today), kickstarted the industrial revolution and spread their language across the globe. They used the term "Pax Britannica" to describe the long relative peace following the Napoleonic wars and copied classical roman style architecture for their government buildings. The US has done these same things in pretty much the same way, but both the UK and the US are veeeeeery different from Rome in terms of their cultures and the way their governments work. The Holy Roman Empire literally named themselves after the older empire and thought of themselves as the direct inheritor of the Romans. They were a huge power and influence that lasted a very long time, but nobody now seriously thinks of them as a real second Rome. The Russian and German Empires used the terms "Tsar" and "Kaiser" for their rulers, which are adaptations of the name "Caesar" . I suppose the point is that declaring any nation as the "modern Rome" is a sort of silly and inaccurate thing to do. Their culture and the world they lived in was just so alien to the world we live in now that the concept is pretty ridiculous. Its really just something countries say to make themselves feel more influential by tying themselves to Rome.
To be fair, not like those borders they messed up weren't messed up before. Tribal warfare was just as if not more brutal than civilized, its a myth that tribal societies were peaceful until the Romans or British or whoever came along, they were just as brutal. Evidenced that before Romans turned into conquerors, it was the Gauls who actually sacked Rome first. Also, to me the biggest comparisons are the immigration systems mixed with meritocracy, obsession with Greco-Roman ideals, and other things. There seem to be definite similarities between these nations, of course not in terms of linguistics, and obviously meritocracy having to do with success is no coincidence, but I would say there are similariteis. The immigration thing especially, not every Empire was super big on immigration or had good systems for citizen integration like Rome or the US.
@@b.ballooon9225 I definitely wouldn't characterise Rome as being eager or even willing to integrate other cultures. They literally had a very significant war about whether or not the people from other Italian tribes should be given citizenship. When the Romans then won that war they actually stripped the other Italians of some of the very limited rights they actually had and only later extended citizenship to cities who had cooperated in the war. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_War_(91%E2%80%9387_BC) Rome hated foreigners, its why they used the word "barbarian" for anybody who wasn't Roman. They even looked down on the Greeks as soft and "effeminate".
The Roman Coliseum Plans Are: It is elliptical in plan and is 189 meters (615 ft / 640 Roman feet) long, and 156 meters (510 ft / 528 Roman feet) wide, with a base area of 24,000 square metres (6 acres). The height of the outer wall is 48 meters (157 ft / 165 Roman feet). The perimeter originally measured 545 meters (1,788 ft / 1,835 Roman feet). Located below the Colosseum is an underground area called the Hypogeum, this was divided into two levels which comprised of a series of connected corridors and tunnels that lead into and out of the Colosseum. By the way. The Roman Didn't invent crucifixion they merely perfected it. Naval battles used to exist but they suspended it for underground passages. The water drains into the sewer & the aqua ducts filled it up. 🤔 The also had shade to cool off like an ancient air conditioning system very sophisticated technology the Roman's had. 🤔 Can you please let me know somehow if you got both My Message's I'd like to know if you "Read My Comment" I went to a lot of research and trouble for it. I would appreciate that very much. both this one & The "Dog Crucifixion" one too! 🤔 Thanks! 😁
Ah Roma...my original favourite history topic, particularly the late Republic and the Eastern/Byzantine Empire. I'm very glad you're covering this topic! 2:02 Gaius Julius Caesar (the most famous one anyway, as his father and his grandfather were both called the same) was the man whose very name came to represent power and royalty; the Caesar family weren't powerful or rich before the time of Gaius himself (though they were patricians of the oldest descent) and his meteoric rise marks him as a truly Great Man of history. 2:55 Constantinople was the Eastern Capital from the time of Constantine the Great (who founded it, naming it "Nova Roma" though the name didn't stick). When the Empire was divided in the time of Honorius, this marked the beginning of two different paths for the Eastern and Western Empires, though the East had always been the richer half. Constantinople (Modern-day Istanbul, straddling the Bosporus between Europe and Asia in Turkey) survived until 1453, and had a great history. That's for another time though :) 3:08 After the reforms of Gaius Marius (Caesar's Uncle), the pay of Legionaries was standardised at 225 denarii a year. Before then, pay depended upon the General/Consul mobilising the traditional citizen levy and was more often a share of the loot of the campaign. 4:10 Depends upon which points you measure. Rome itself was founded around 753 BC. The actual beginning of the expanse of Roman hegemony probably began with the Conquest of the Latin League of Cities about 338 BC.The Western Empire (with Rome itself, though it wasn't the capital of the Western Empire by this stage) is commonly held to have fallen with the deposition of Romulus Augustus ("Little Augustus", as he was snidely known due to his youth) in 476 AD, so 814/1229 years. Constantinople, on the other hand, didn't fall until 1453 AD, so 1791/2206 years. Using that metric, the "Roman" Empire (and people in Greece continued to call themselves Rhomaioi - "Roman" even into the 20th century) is the longest continuous Empire in history. Only the Chinese Empires can claim to have existed as long, though with that comes a lot of hairsplitting so let's not go into that one haha! 7:20 The Roman Religion is quite a fascinating mix of concepts borrowed both from the Etruscans and the Greeks and is well worth reading into. You can see the more shadowy, less tangible "forces" that the Etruscans/Early Romans believed in (such as the "lares", the guardian deities of locations such as crossroads, households etc) as opposed to the more "Human" and relatable Hellenic Pantheon. 7:52 Fun fact; the man allegedly responsible for expelling King Tarquin was Lucius Junius Brutus, ancestor of one Marcus Junius Brutus, one of the assassins of Gaius Julius Caesar. 11:33 The "Supplicia Canum" ("Punishment of the Dogs") is indeed alleged to have happened (in varying forms) as a result of the failure of the Guard Dogs to alert the Roman sentries to the Gallic Assault. The sacred Geese in the temples of the Capitoline called out at the disturbance, thus alerting the sentries, though it was largely too late by then and the Romans had a heavy sack inflicted upon them (Vae Victis). Dogs were indeed suspended from the "furca" (fork) or the "crux" (cross) and a procession went through Rome thus, with the sacred geese adorned in purple and gold and carried on litters in honour of their "faithfulness". You have to understand the deep ritualistic superstition that pervaded Roman society at the time and they were not unique among the Italic peoples in sacrificing dogs. 12:38 This is a stylised graphic and thus likely to be inaccurate. The various Gallic peoples are often portrayed wearing winged helmets, though it's likely they never wore them, by and large. Similar to the myth of Vikings wearing horned helmets. The Gallic tribes were largely of Celtic descent, though most likely not too far removed from the inhabitants of the Cimbricus Chersonesus (modern day Denmark) and other Germanic peoples. 29:48 From a certain point of view, yes, though it's a bit of a simplified view and it certainly didn't happen overnight. There was more to it. This video did a decent job of cramming over a millenia of history into half an hour though it did skip a lot of interesting events. Might be worth examining some of these areas in more detail! Love your work as always, Cheers!
23:53 "Londinium" means nothing in Latin, and it was almost certainly a Romanisation of an indigenous Brittonic (Celtic) placename. In Welsh, for example, London = Llundain (approximately "Lindine"), and it could have been called something vaguely similar in the distant past, allowing for vowel-shifts (etc) over the millennia.
The rooms under the stage of the colloseum were waiting chambers for the gladiators, animal cages, lifts and other storage ereas. It was under the stage becausse there were platforms that could open up and release animals or gladiators directly on the stage erea. And also remember the seats and such are no longer visible becausse a) It is a very old building. b) during the middle ages and renaisance the colloseum was partially used for building materials. There was a church in the colloseum for a while after the romans but a lot of the walls and seats were broken down and the building materials were reused for other construction projects in the city.
Vespasian was one of my favourite of the roman emperors. He originally turned down being emperor after winning the war of the 4 emperors as he just didn't want to rule like the others. But his army persuaded him to take control a bit like George Washington. On his death bed his final words were "woe is me, I think I'm turning into a god" mocking previous emperors who believed they would become a god upon death.
The 'Punishment Of The Dogs' was an annual event in early August. ...And I have personally photographed the 'S.P.Q.R.' on Roman drain covers. Thanks for another video full of interest.
If you want to go i depth into rome. Historia Civilis is a channel with an extensive playlist of videos dedicated to rome. I'd love to see you react to the entire playslist even if its 1 video at a time.
As a person who studied ancient history (especially rome an its north-west provinces (germany, belgium, england)), christian archeology and historical geographics - Im sitting here with a smile watching your video. id like to answer all the questions who show up in your mind, but I guess, it would fit in the comment section^^ But I really really like your interest (Neugierde as we say in german) . (subscribed your channel instantly^^)
The list of cities in Europe the Romans founded is loooooong. London, Bath, Leeds and Lincoln in England, to name a few of the 40-50 or what ever number of Roman towns there are in the UK. Augsburg, Lyon, Frankfurt, Istanbul, Barcelona, Zagreb, Vienna and so on. These are just a few I could remember, but the list is very long.
At 4:10 you ask if the Roman Empire was the longest empire in history, this is correct but it doesn't end in 476 as the video would suggest but rather in 1453 with the fall of Constantinople. (the Empire lasts for 1480 years in total, 27BC until 1453AD
When it comes to animal sacrifice, or anything shocking really, about the ancient world you have to appreciate how long ago this is taking place & how different their world was compared to ours. They lived in a much more brutal and difficult world to survive in much less thrive in. Makes you be grateful for what you have.
The man doing the narration for this played a part in sharps rifles as Major Hogan. A Swashbuckling period drama series about a British officer fighting during the Napoleonic Wars.Today, there are reportedly more than 14,000 known uses for salt. ... The expression to be worth one's salt, which means you're competent and deserve what you're earning, is most often said to have its roots in ancient Rome, where soldiers were sometimes paid in salt or given an allowance to purchase it. i say this because i live in Droitwich Spa it was known for it's salt.The popular image of the Vikings is one of fearsome warriors wearing horned helmets. However, there is only one preserved helmet from the Viking Age and this does not have horns. it was a Hollywood thing.All the best from England and stay safe young lady.
@@eamonnclabby7067 John Tams (born 16 February 1949) is an English actor, singer, songwriter, composer and musician born in Holbrook, Derbyshire.He sang the song over the hills and far away and he played Daniel Hagman in Sharp. but this is the original version of the song. ruclips.net/video/7bs07OvqXp4/видео.html . Cheers and stay safe.
25:39 The "floor" of the coluseum was removable, and the part beneath could be flooded to host reenactment sea battles. But it also served as an i guess the right word migt be a staging ground, for all the fights. The part beneath had cages for animals and slaves when not flooded. They had primitive elevators that could send animals and fighters up to the "floor" of the arena. (I belive they have built an replica elevator on site, don´t know if it´s still there.) "The area dosent look big, to do stuff." The roof beneath the arena floor is several meter high, and had a cupple of levels to it. You see the small black dots outside the arena? Thats people. The arena it selfe could host around 55.000 spectators. "There dosen´t look like there was any seats" There was, but during the centurys the arena was partly dismantled after earth quakes. Stones was removed and used to build churches and palatses and other buildings. The marble was removed and was often burnt in to burnt chalk, and the bronze used to keep stones in place was chiseled out and used for other things. Wikipedia have more info if you want to knowe more, or simply watch soem documentrys about the Coloseum. It´s rather interesting, as the fact it was rare for gladiators to die in the arena and the tumb up and down wasen´t a thing. The idea whit the tumb was that it was held sideways and IF there was to be an exicution of a fighter, then the tumb was moved to the side of the neck, where the sword then was trusted in to the chest and stright in to the hearth, and as sutch minimizing the suffering of the person.
Every afterwards, it became a yearly Roman tradition to celebrate this occurence by parading geese around the city on opulent litters, while crucifying dogs by nailing them to crosses made of alder wood. This barbaric custom apparently persisted at least until the 1st Century CE, when it was recorded by Pliny the Younger.
Dear anglosaxons that think that we live in caves,Remember that when we had libraries, the alphabet, streets,architecture, culture, the Roman Empire, literature,toilets and so on ,you lived in wooden huts.
Gauls were Celts - and Celts were Gauls... the Romans used these two terms almost interchangable. The Celts were a cultural group, divined into a multitude of various tribes, living mostly in western and central Europe. Their origin is most likely the area of the so-called "Hallstadt-culture", in the areas of southern Germany and Bohemia. From their, they spread as far as the British Isles, the Iberian Peninsula and even to modern Turkey. In the 5th century BCE, they took over northern Italy... and these tribes were also those who went on to conquer Rome for a while. The Romans continued the lands of northern Italy "Gallia Cisalpina" - the Gaul this side of the Alps. France got her name from the germanic tribe to took over this area/kingdom/country several centuries later, in the middle of the first millennium. This tribes were the "Franks", most likely meaning something like "the free people". Charlemagne would be the most well known of the King of the Franks.
There are few very long lasting civilizations (Ancient Egypt: ca. 2700 BCE - 332 BCE, classical chinese civilization (various empires, states, etc.): 221 BCE - 1912 CE), but the roman state, although it tranformed over the centuries, was the longest continuously existing state in history. According to legend, it was founded in 753 BCE and it's last iteration, the Eastern Roman Empire, fell in 1453 - 2,206 years after the founding of the city. (The romans counted the years "ab urbe condita", "since the founding of the city". So 44 BCE, the death year of Julius Cesar, was the year 709 for them) PS: There is a VERY good RUclips channel called "Fall of civilizations", with high quality podcasts/documentaries about the downfall of various civilizations, like the Byzantine Empire. :)
I'm not surprised, it can be very daunting with the whole of that coming at you so fast. This is something we definitely did learn about in school because, as you saw, the Romans eventually came over here to Britain. We mostly learnt about lots of their innovations in technology etc, from memory. Being from where I am I, probably quite predictably, have some more BBC programmes to suggest you watch. First is a documentary series called 'What the Romans Did for Us' presented by Adam Hart-Davis, a brilliant and enthusiastic historian and presenter. The title is pretty self explanatory about many of the innovations the Romans came up with. He did do this in 2000 so hopefully this isn't too hard for you to find, he also did series covering; the Victorians, the Tudors, the Stuarts and other ancient civilisations in a similar vein. The second id a bit different, it's a drama series, some might say the best drama series the BBC ever did; I, Claudius. It covers the time of Augustus as emperor right up to the end of Claudius' life, you learn a lot more about him as a person and just how unlikely is was that he would become emperor. It is based on 2 novels from Robert Graves in the 1930's which became this series in 1976 and was the last entirely studio bound historical drama the BBC ever did (so as you don't get your hopes up too much). I must tell you though, some of the best actors of their generation were in this thing and I'm sure you will recognise at least a handful of them, if you want to try it it's well worth your time. Once again, best of luck going forward with this.
They really skip over a lot of stuff in the second half of the video. There’s an excellent series done by the channel Extra History on the Crisis of the Third Century which is one of my favorite RUclips series on Roman history out there. Explains quite a bit about the fundamental dynamics of the Later Roman Empire.
About what you say at 14:25 im reminded of a quote from a video game on humans: "You'll keep killing each other until only one remains. The strongest among you. A thousand years from now, a dim-witted human barbarian will climb to the top of a pile of bones, sit down and proclaim: "I win"
Some of those drawings were painted much later. When people didn't know anymore how the Romans, or their enemies looked like. Hence what you called the Viking helms :P
Totally agree, here on the Wirral I live 5 minutes walk from a Roman road that connected the Roman city of Chester to Meols on the north wirral coast, funnily enough it is still called Roman road...E
One last thing, if you want to take a deeper dive into Roman history I cannot recommend highly enough Mike Duncans legendary podcast "The history of rome". It ends with the fall of the empire in the west in 476 but then you can continue with Robin Piersons equally brilliant "History of Byzantium" wich picks up from there. The first episodes are a bit dry and stilted but then its excellent, sometimes sublime even.
I have been listening to Mike Duncan’s History of Rome on and off for the last few years. It is excellent, but full of so much information that I think I would absorb more if I followed it up with reading about Roman history.
@@brontewcat Well... yes, of course, read and read, read the scources and read the interpretanions of those scources and read the interpretanions of the interpretanions those scources and keep a clear and honest mind. And no dishonest "person" will ever fool you again.
If you want to know how the Colosseum used to look like in the past, look for the Arena di Verona. It's another amphitheatre, it's smaller but it's still got the floor and all seats (and yep, it's used for concerts and opera)
I enjoyed the Kings and generals videos on Caesar's civil war. Rome had a lot of Civil wars, three in late Republican era post Marian reforms pre Empire.
Many of the tenement blocks, and the dome of the Pantheon are of concrete, which the Romans invented. They also invented what is now called Portland cement, which sets under water for harbour works.
The Colosseum was about half the size of a modern NFL/soccer stadium and could hold, it is estimated, between 50,000 and 80,000 spectators who would mostly be seated on benches or stand. It's now a ruin, so what you see now is only a portion of what was there back in the day. This is a short video that gives you a closer look - ruclips.net/video/xaSbYIeqGWg/видео.html
You could say the same thing about the British Empire vs Roman Empire. The supplicia canum ("punishment of the dogs") was an annual sacrifice of ancient Roman religion in which live dogs were suspended from a furca ("fork") or cross (crux) and paraded. ... The failure of the watchdogs to bark was thereafter ritually punished each year. Lots of towns /cities in the south of England are from Roman times, Colchester for example.
I lived in rome before i moved and my mom thought me about what the SPQR stood for wich is really cool and everytime i passed it i would repeat it's meaning
If you’re interested in reading about the history of Rome, I’d recommend Mary Beard’s SPQR: A History oh Ancient Rome. I read it during lockdown here in the UK - highly informative and yet not boring!
Sorry for commenting so much, but many cities in Europe were founded by the Romans. Londinium (London), Lutetia (Paris), Vindobona (Vienna), Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (Cologne), etc. In general, ancient Rome had a HUGE impact on our modern western civilization. In many ways, urban roman life was very much like our life today (check out this video by Ted-ED about everyday life in ancient Rome btw.) :) ruclips.net/video/juWYhMoDTN0/видео.html ruclips.net/video/RQMgLxVxsrw/видео.html
If you want more detail, Mary Beard has a 3 or 4 part series thats on RUclips, shes a prof of classics but the series is fantastic. Search Mary Beard Rome Documentary you should find them, would love to see a reaction to them but they're about 50 mins an episode, well worth it tho.
Diocletian is not the foundation of Monarchy(that system is far older and more prevalent than Rome), Rome just didn't practice a monarchy in the way most cultures did for most of its history (even the emperors were not expected or required to be related by blood) However, Diocletian's reforms did lead eventually to Feudalism and serfdom. The social mobility of Rome died out largely because he trapped people in inheritable classes. Many of his other reforms saved Rome from immediate danger, but the social changes he implemented had some pretty serious and long-lasting consequences.
Though to be fair, his reforms of the Emperorship into a semi-divine, mystical, almost Persian-style monarch would also last (more or less) until the end of the Empire in 1453. So it can definitely me argued that many of the Medieval European monarch borrowed indirectly from the system he set up (all the barbarian kingdoms tried to emulate Rome to some extent). The basis for a European-style Royal Coronation for instance is first established under Eastern Roman Emperor, Leo I in the 5th Century, a ceremony which is still in use today in the UK.
As for the longest Empire in history, that would probably either be Ancient Egypt (c. 3100 B.C-343 B.C) or Imperial China. The first Chinese Dynasty (Xia Dynasty) being founded around 2000 B.C, and the last Chinese Dynasty (Qing Dynasty) being overthrown in 1912. Though both of these civilizations were constantly conquered, liberated, split up and reunified over the centuries. I think Rome might be the longest continuous state in history. As from 753 B.C to 1453 A.D, they were never actually fully conquered or split up and the state remained consistent throughout that entire period.
Claudius, around 41BC, is said to have understood Etruscan and written a treatise or history of the Etruria. Giacometti's tall thin statues are very similar to early Etruscan statues.
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you should also check out historia civilis its really good
You should really check out historia civilis or king and generals series on caesar. Its as interesting as the napoleon series
@@lyonelk3108 what he said
What you see at the bottom of the Coloseum today, is actually the basements, and yes they where a locker rooms for lack of a better term.
They also functioned as an arsenal and prop room for the games and even had their own forges and workshops
There was also kennels for the animals used in the performances, they even had elevators and trapdoors through which they could spring surprises on the people fighting in the arena.
And yes they could flood the arena for naval battles, but i think there are only 2 documented occasions where that actually happened.
The coloseum performances was a strange mix of theater, public executions, WWE matches and a Zoo.
For example they would have comedic warmups to the gladitorial fights with women mock figthing midgets, short skeetch shows, public announcements and so on.
Many of the main fights were not actually to the death, but sophisticated shows with the figthers inflicting surface wounds on each other to highten the dramatics, gladiators were expensive, so only the most expensive games would be to the death.
Often they would reenact battles using prisoners to play the warriors of the losing side, these prisoners would be armed with lead or wooden weapons to ensure they lost the fight, again trained gladiators are very expensive.
The most popular fights would be animal fights, were they would pit animals against each other, like a pack of wolves against a bear, or they would have master hunters bringing down lions, tigers and so forth. On occasion they would also throw prisoners into the arena to be killed by the animals.
But no matter how popular the Coloseum was, the true love of the Roman people was chariot races, a sport that started small civil wars, and could destroy or even make emperors
You are clearly not aware of the ancient draconian mentality. Animals were both sacrificed and taken care of depending if they were to serve religious or practical stuff. No metaphor for crucifying dogs at all. Ancient Greece sexual favours were exchanged as payment for example too something that is completely taboo today and a crime (pedophilia).
They literally crucified dogs. NO METAPHOR. However it stopped after a while
They also buried virgins alive after extreme events. Like after Cannae. People did some strange things back then.
@@markmorris7123 "The past is a foreign country; they do things differently there."
@@f0rth3l0v30fchr15t death in a brazen bull.. I think this would have been one of the worst ways to die in history
One of the events leading to the Epic battle of Adrianople.. Where really angry Goths kicked some Roman butt. LOL.. Well, one of the events leading to it, was the Romans forced Goths to sell their children into slavery in exchange for rotten dog meat to eat.
@@MarkVrem imagine the amarican natives would have done such things to the european invadors...
"I didn't know the Romans had a civil war like this" ... Roman history from Marius onwards is basically a never ending civil war with brief periods of not having civil wars.
The Eastern Roman Empire kept the traditon of obligatory civil wars too lmao
@@cinnamon3578 They did, but their civil wars were far less frequent and usually didn't involve as much slaughter.
@@Aethelhald just take Constantinople and you are done
@@RESTITVTOR_TOTIVS_HISPANIAE Exactly. What also made Byzantine civil wars less deadly and destructive was that, all throughout the Byzantine Empire's history, armies were much smaller than they were in the days of the Roman Empire. A large army in 100 AD was like 60,000 men. A large army in 800 AD was 10,000 men.
And, as you said, their civil wars usually ended when the citizens of Constantinople opened the gates for the rebelling general, and the church would immediately crown him emperor, and bam... it's all over.
@@Aethelhald better put the old emperor in a monastery or kill him. If not he's gonna come back slit nosed or with a damn crusader army.
An obligatory Historia Civilis videos. Best stuff about rome on youtube.
YES!!! Please watch Historia Civilis next!!
Absolutely yes
Historia civils and unbiased history is kino
Let me add my name to the list; we need to see those blocks! I can't think of prominent ancient Romans or the leading figures of the English Civil War without seeing colored-in squares! We need the colorful squares! 😂
When the Flavian Amphitheatre (Colosseum) was first constructed it had a solid floor, but in the 2nd century a system of trap doors and tunnels were constructed underneath the arena to allow animals and fighters to emerge from below. As a result the arena was no longer watertight and they couldn't have any more Sea battles
In the teatro Massimo they use to have naval battles and charriot races.
I am once again recommending Historia Civilis and Invicta. Historia Civilis has a really good series which explains Rome's political system and the events of the late republic. His latest video details Mark Anthony's embarrassing Parthian campaign. Invicta's videos are more like snapshots of significant events/campaigns and what daily life was like for the Romans.
yep indeed
Basically just go to Historia Civilis, then to the Playlists, then click on the playlist titled "Roman History", start from the beginning and go. lol I just looked and there are 59 videos and they are in chronological order. Have fun!
Or unbiased history, the constant memes makes the short atention span beareble
@@stonewall01 Why limit it to Rome? They have a Playlist of all their videos in chronological order.
I agree invicta are awesome
I would recommend watching the Historia Civilis series. Its excellent and goes into great detail on Julius Caesar and other famous Romans of the era.
I second...um, fifth, sixth? this.
The West Roman Empire lasted until 476, the Eastern half until 1453
and lets not forget all the "roman" copy cats after. Like the Holy Roman Empire of Germany.
Yup. And the Ottomans and Russian Empire
Roman Empire was also technically copy-cats. The double-headed eagle as a symbol for Empire goes back to the Hittites of Anatolia. At least that is the furthest we can trace it back to.
Also, Italy itself is sort of a copycat of Byzantine. If one takes the Ostrogothic state put into place as an early form of Italy. The Ostrogothic King writes a long letter to Constantinople, telling them how he plans to create his kingdom in the image of Romans in Constantinople. The Byzantine response to this letter was Justinian to send Bellsiarius to reconquer Italy lol.
Byzantophile detected
10:27 he means that dogs were nailed to crosses and crucified every year in an annual ceremony. It was literal, the Roman's actually did that!
Animal sacrifice of all types was very common in Ancient Rome for auguries, portents and religious ceremonies. The particular type of animal was picked depending on the season, tradition and type of augury sought. So yes, dogs among many other animals were regularly sacrificed in a variety of ways. Occasionally human sacrifice occurred also, Roman civilization is a relative term.
There was one story where a Naval Commander in one of the punic wars, kept killing chickens. The idea was the chicken would have to run a certain pattern before dying for it to be a good omen. Finally after many chickens and a long time passed he got the omen that he was looking for. I think that whole fleet ended up sinking in a storm actually.
human sacrifice was kind of a no no for romans, it was kinda done in triumphs tho, and other 2 explicit times iirc, during the second punic war and under augustus
Relative term? Americans don' still have Death Penalty?
@@edgardobassi4864 the civilisation of Rome is used relative to the 'barbarian' practices of the pagan non-Roman tribal communities, largely of Eastern Europe but farther afield also, of the same era. I don't think I've heard of anyone outside the US refer to USA as a 'cilivisation', not solely due to the ongoing use of the death penalty, but that certainly doesn't help.
@@sangfroidian5451 US is not a Civilization? Anyway, I was referring to the surprise and horror of killing dogs when They still have the Death Penalty!
The Gauls did have winged helmets, but the Vikings never did.
winged.. she didnt see the wings.. she thought they had horns
The Gauls never had winged helmet to my knowlege, that's just a 19th-century reimagination, like horned helmets for the Germanic and Norse peoples.
@@samrevlej9331 There are written Roman accounts of such helmets. And a lest one surviving physical example: the Ciumeşti Helmet. These would be purely ceremonial of course.
@@samuelterry6354 Okay, but didn't the Romans have these ceremonial helmets too?
The Gauls had tribal confederations and would migrate and go on raids. They had contact with the Greeks via Marseille in Southern France. They Grew wine there and in the surrounding area. One of the inventions attributed to the Gauls was chain mail armor. Not every Gaul could afford it but for their nobility class, it made them fearsome warriors. Around the time they sacked and looted Rome, they also sacked the city of Delphi in Greece. Where the famous Oracle of Delphi was. A group of Gauls were later hired by the Seleucids and moved into the center of what is today Turkey. These would be called the Galatians. Just a quick overview of early Gauls, people can add to if they want.
"The great Carthage waged three wars. It was still powerful after the first, still habitable after the second. It was untraceable after the third." - Bertold Brecht
Geese are very good guards - they make one hell of a racket when alarmed.
If you're looking for more ancient Rome stuff, Kings and Generals have a ton of videos on Rome include Ceasar's civil war and conquest of Gaul (France)
Also, I recommend listening to the History of Rome podcast. It covers Rome from Romulus to the last emperor
Hells yea!!
Kings and Generals on ceasar's civil war is really so good and i enjoyed watch them a lot lol
So Romulus to Romulus? XD
Nero wasn't actually in Rome when the fire started, and he rushed back to help with fire fighting operations.
The Colosseum floor is missing. The area you see are the pens and storage areas. The people sat on benches. Clay tickets told you which entrance to use to get in, then row and seat. Because Each arch around the base was an entrance. Using this system the building could be filled and emptied of people in a very short time.
From Wikipedia
The supplicia canum ("punishment of the dogs") was an annual sacrifice of ancient Roman religion in which live dogs were suspended from a furca ("fork") or cross (crux) and paraded. It appears on none of the extant Roman calendars, but a late source[1] places it on August 3 (III Non. Aug.).
In the same procession, geese were decorated in gold and purple and carried in honor. Ancient sources who explain the origin of the supplicia say that the geese were honored for saving the city during the Gallic siege of Rome. When the Gauls launched a nocturnal assault by stealth on the citadel, the geese raised a noisy alarm. The failure of the watch dogs to bark was thereafter ritually punished each year.
Many people already mentioned the tunnels beneath the Colosseum, but about the seats. What you see today in the Colosseum is merely the substructures for the seating (as well as the stairwells). The Colosseum originally had marble seating, much like Ancient Greek theaters, and was divided among social classes. The level closest to the arena was reserved for Senators (the Emperor also had his own box at this level), then above that were the non-Senatorial nobles, then the next two rows were for wealthy and poorer citizens. The last level at the very top had wooden seating and was reserved for women and slaves.
This marble seating is (almost) completely gone today, because after the Western Roman Empire fell, the Colosseum (and many other Roman monuments) was used as a quarry, the marble seating being a great target for looters wither wanting to decorate their homes/churches or to make quicklime. What remains of the Colosseum today is essentially a shell, with all the ornaments and expensive stones removed (aswell as half of the arena being gone due to an earthquake in the 1300's).
12:43 hum you should read the comics Asterix and Obelix :)
Haha you were so confused with the crucifying dogs part. lol
So was I at first The Romans were really into crucifying anyone & everything
London,Vienna, Budapest,Istanbul, Paris, just few capitals that was founded/implemented by Rome
There's a tendency these days to judge the past according to our modern standards and forget that as a species we are continually evolving. The world was a very brutal place (still is in some parts of the world) back then and for the times Rome was actually quite civilised compared to many of the societies around it. We are familiar with and are taught about the various conflicts arising from clashes with peoples who did not want to be under the influence of Rome. However, we forget that there were also many more who understood the advantages of being part of the empire. The Romans raised the standard of living everywhere they went with the introduction of roads, laws, education, innovations in agriculture (aqueducts made irrigation easier), architecture, engineering and medicine which made life easier and more prosperous for people. Not to mention that the Roman empire was the very vehicle that gave birth (let's remember that Jesus was put to death on a Roman cross) as well as enabled the the spread of Christianity (Roman roads, and the use of a lingua franca helped the message to spread rapidly) which, with its notion of charity: previously a foreign concept, had an even further civilising effect on the people of Europe. This is why the empire was so successful for so long. It's because of its success and the length of that success that much of our modern western culture can be traced back to ancient Rome. There's a reason why we learn about it in school: it's because it's what lies at the foundation of western civilisation.
The viking helm thing is actually a Celtic thing and the romanticize of the viking era added the horned helmets and the typical Conan the barbarian attire to the vikings. Real viking helmets did not have horns or feathered wings or much in the way of ornaments and the viking themselves resembled mostly other typical Germanic peoples in the way they dressed. On a battlefield between the English and the Vikings I am pretty sure most people would have a hard time to figure out who is who (both parties being Germanic and basically using same tactics and weaponry).
A lot of stone from ancient roman buildings were used to build "modern" (rome after roman empire) Rome, therefore, among other, Flavian amphitheater (Colosseum) without seats :D
For more about Londinium, I recommend you view "The Secret City of London" by CGP Grey.
Hi SoGal ... The Colosseum originally had a floor (at the level of the semi circle on the right) ... The passages under the floor were to enable the movement of gladiators, animals etc ... Trap doors in the floor allowed the " suprise " introduction of lions, tigers, wolves to the arena during gladiatorial fights. It was also possible to flood the entire arena (from reservoirs miles away) to re-enact sea battles with smaller scale ships. ...... It's an amazing place .... a Cross has been erected inside in honour of the many (probably thousands) of people that died in the arena..... Modern stadiums use the same principles that the Colosseum was built on, for quick evacuation if needed.
Also what remains of the colosseum is only half of the building, miners and heartquakes during the middle ages began to dismantle the colosseum but during the renaissance a church was built inside the arena and the pope protected the ruins of the colosseum
@@felicepompa1702 Thanks for the reply ☺ .... can't wait to return to Rome again ... I wanted to see inside The Pantheon but it was closed the days I went 😕 ... great reason (excuse !) to return though 😆😆
@@steved6092 if you visit rome (after this stupid situation ends) try coming during early-mid autumn or late spring because summers are too hot even for locals, that just escape to the sea (early october might be the best period, or at least i find it the perfect mix between summer's good weather and winter cold)
@@felicepompa1702 Hi, thanks .... It would be late spring again ... must see the Spanish Steps with the Azaliahs again and perhaps pay to go around the Forum this time (advised against paying last time for some reason) ... There was too much to see and not enough time in five days and spent best part of two days at the Vatican as well (also got lost walking from one place to the other occasionally ! ! 🙈😂) ☺ ... but was desperate to see the Pantheon though
A lot of people are recommending HBO's series Rome. You might also check out the BBC's dramatisation of "I, Claudius", Robert Graves' series of novels about the Emperor Claudius and his somewhat dysfunctional family :-)
It might be somewhat dated in production values, but the cast is incredible and it gives a pretty wide picture of the events of the early years of the Roman Empire.
and the acting in I, Claudius is excellent
I think I,ll try and watch this again on BBC I Payer...good call...E
I Claudius is an excellent series and filled with a star studied cast of British acting greats. Many virtually unknown at the time like John Hurt and Patrick Stewart. The fantastic Brian Blessed plays Augustus.
A must watch if you can get hold of it.
One of my favourite series, although I understand that Augustus was far less benign in reality.
@@brontewcat You could probably say that for all of them. :-)
Thanks great video. Brian cox great narrator
... and the first Hannibal Lecter on film :)
I hadn’t heard about the Romans crucifying dogs, but I can find some validity to geese helping to save Rome from the Gauls. I used to fly frequently with a friend from Van Nuys airport and that airport had a flock of guard geese that did a great job of helping to protect the planes and hangars from unwanted intruders.
A note on the word Gaul, surprisingly its unrelated to the word the Romans used for the region, Gallia. Gaul comes from a Frankish word meaning celt or foreigner. The same germanic root appears in the words Wales and Cornwall.
That is some good stuff.. Looking more into it. IT explains why Wallachia and Romania are related. They both mean Roman. It's just Wallachia from a Germanic perspective after the fall of Rome. Romania from the Roman perspective. Since our history tends to be written from a Germanic point of view, we get terms like Byzantine and Wallachia instead of just Romania.
I don't think human history is necessarily just "bad", it's just the most brutal parts are most of the time; the most interesting. We could spend all day reading and watching videos about Rome's achievements in technology, philosophy, and architecture. But at the end of the day, we want to hear about the sacking of Carthage for example.
Ugh yeses. When I finish this 6 hour car journey I'll deffo be watching this. Anyone else visited Cornwall before? I've just been there a week and was blown away at the prehistoric megaliths and dark age settlements. And incredible natural beauty of the landscape amazing 👏
We used to go near Penzance out of season as was cheap and could take dogs on beach. I mentioned Minack Theatre in Greece video comments.
@@alansmithee8831 Wow yes minack theatre rang a bell, just checked, and yes i was there a couple days ago, incredible place
Proper job
" SUPPLICIA CANUM " was an annual parade and sacrifice of dogs, allegedly 1 or 2 (still horrendous though🙈) geese were honoured in the same parade. Probably came about due to the Gauls feeding the hungry guard dogs to keep them quiet and the geese raising the alarm.
It depends on how you measure it, but most people would agree that ancient Egypt is probably the longest lasting empire or kingdom. From unification in around 3100 BC to it being conquered by Alexander the Great in 332 BC is approximately 3000 years - that's 30 centuries.
About comparing the USA to ancient Rome, I think its a poor comparison to be honest. Almost every world leading power since Rome has seen itself as the "modern Rome". The Brits controlled a quarter of all the people alive on Earth (screwing up borders and causing conflicts that last to today), kickstarted the industrial revolution and spread their language across the globe. They used the term "Pax Britannica" to describe the long relative peace following the Napoleonic wars and copied classical roman style architecture for their government buildings. The US has done these same things in pretty much the same way, but both the UK and the US are veeeeeery different from Rome in terms of their cultures and the way their governments work.
The Holy Roman Empire literally named themselves after the older empire and thought of themselves as the direct inheritor of the Romans. They were a huge power and influence that lasted a very long time, but nobody now seriously thinks of them as a real second Rome. The Russian and German Empires used the terms "Tsar" and "Kaiser" for their rulers, which are adaptations of the name "Caesar" .
I suppose the point is that declaring any nation as the "modern Rome" is a sort of silly and inaccurate thing to do. Their culture and the world they lived in was just so alien to the world we live in now that the concept is pretty ridiculous. Its really just something countries say to make themselves feel more influential by tying themselves to Rome.
To be fair, not like those borders they messed up weren't messed up before. Tribal warfare was just as if not more brutal than civilized, its a myth that tribal societies were peaceful until the Romans or British or whoever came along, they were just as brutal. Evidenced that before Romans turned into conquerors, it was the Gauls who actually sacked Rome first. Also, to me the biggest comparisons are the immigration systems mixed with meritocracy, obsession with Greco-Roman ideals, and other things. There seem to be definite similarities between these nations, of course not in terms of linguistics, and obviously meritocracy having to do with success is no coincidence, but I would say there are similariteis. The immigration thing especially, not every Empire was super big on immigration or had good systems for citizen integration like Rome or the US.
@@b.ballooon9225 I definitely wouldn't characterise Rome as being eager or even willing to integrate other cultures. They literally had a very significant war about whether or not the people from other Italian tribes should be given citizenship. When the Romans then won that war they actually stripped the other Italians of some of the very limited rights they actually had and only later extended citizenship to cities who had cooperated in the war. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_War_(91%E2%80%9387_BC)
Rome hated foreigners, its why they used the word "barbarian" for anybody who wasn't Roman. They even looked down on the Greeks as soft and "effeminate".
The Roman Coliseum Plans Are: It is elliptical in plan and is 189 meters (615 ft / 640 Roman feet) long, and 156 meters (510 ft / 528 Roman feet) wide, with a base area of 24,000 square metres (6 acres). The height of the outer wall is 48 meters (157 ft / 165 Roman feet). The perimeter originally measured 545 meters (1,788 ft / 1,835 Roman feet). Located below the Colosseum is an underground area called the Hypogeum, this was divided into two levels which comprised of a series of connected corridors and tunnels that lead into and out of the Colosseum. By the way. The Roman Didn't invent crucifixion they merely perfected it. Naval battles used to exist but they suspended it for underground passages. The water drains into the sewer & the aqua ducts filled it up. 🤔 The also had shade to cool off like an ancient air conditioning system very sophisticated technology the Roman's had. 🤔 Can you please let me know somehow if you got both My Message's I'd like to know if you "Read My Comment" I went to a lot of research and trouble for it. I would appreciate that very much. both this one & The "Dog Crucifixion" one too! 🤔 Thanks! 😁
as a german, im rly surprised you dont learn that in history class in the us?! thats 7th class stuff.
Ah Roma...my original favourite history topic, particularly the late Republic and the Eastern/Byzantine Empire. I'm very glad you're covering this topic!
2:02 Gaius Julius Caesar (the most famous one anyway, as his father and his grandfather were both called the same) was the man whose very name came to represent power and royalty; the Caesar family weren't powerful or rich before the time of Gaius himself (though they were patricians of the oldest descent) and his meteoric rise marks him as a truly Great Man of history.
2:55 Constantinople was the Eastern Capital from the time of Constantine the Great (who founded it, naming it "Nova Roma" though the name didn't stick). When the Empire was divided in the time of Honorius, this marked the beginning of two different paths for the Eastern and Western Empires, though the East had always been the richer half. Constantinople (Modern-day Istanbul, straddling the Bosporus between Europe and Asia in Turkey) survived until 1453, and had a great history. That's for another time though :)
3:08 After the reforms of Gaius Marius (Caesar's Uncle), the pay of Legionaries was standardised at 225 denarii a year. Before then, pay depended upon the General/Consul mobilising the traditional citizen levy and was more often a share of the loot of the campaign.
4:10 Depends upon which points you measure. Rome itself was founded around 753 BC. The actual beginning of the expanse of Roman hegemony probably began with the Conquest of the Latin League of Cities about 338 BC.The Western Empire (with Rome itself, though it wasn't the capital of the Western Empire by this stage) is commonly held to have fallen with the deposition of Romulus Augustus ("Little Augustus", as he was snidely known due to his youth) in 476 AD, so 814/1229 years. Constantinople, on the other hand, didn't fall until 1453 AD, so 1791/2206 years. Using that metric, the "Roman" Empire (and people in Greece continued to call themselves Rhomaioi - "Roman" even into the 20th century) is the longest continuous Empire in history. Only the Chinese Empires can claim to have existed as long, though with that comes a lot of hairsplitting so let's not go into that one haha!
7:20 The Roman Religion is quite a fascinating mix of concepts borrowed both from the Etruscans and the Greeks and is well worth reading into. You can see the more shadowy, less tangible "forces" that the Etruscans/Early Romans believed in (such as the "lares", the guardian deities of locations such as crossroads, households etc) as opposed to the more "Human" and relatable Hellenic Pantheon.
7:52 Fun fact; the man allegedly responsible for expelling King Tarquin was Lucius Junius Brutus, ancestor of one Marcus Junius Brutus, one of the assassins of Gaius Julius Caesar.
11:33 The "Supplicia Canum" ("Punishment of the Dogs") is indeed alleged to have happened (in varying forms) as a result of the failure of the Guard Dogs to alert the Roman sentries to the Gallic Assault. The sacred Geese in the temples of the Capitoline called out at the disturbance, thus alerting the sentries, though it was largely too late by then and the Romans had a heavy sack inflicted upon them (Vae Victis). Dogs were indeed suspended from the "furca" (fork) or the "crux" (cross) and a procession went through Rome thus, with the sacred geese adorned in purple and gold and carried on litters in honour of their "faithfulness". You have to understand the deep ritualistic superstition that pervaded Roman society at the time and they were not unique among the Italic peoples in sacrificing dogs.
12:38 This is a stylised graphic and thus likely to be inaccurate. The various Gallic peoples are often portrayed wearing winged helmets, though it's likely they never wore them, by and large. Similar to the myth of Vikings wearing horned helmets. The Gallic tribes were largely of Celtic descent, though most likely not too far removed from the inhabitants of the Cimbricus Chersonesus (modern day Denmark) and other Germanic peoples.
29:48 From a certain point of view, yes, though it's a bit of a simplified view and it certainly didn't happen overnight. There was more to it.
This video did a decent job of cramming over a millenia of history into half an hour though it did skip a lot of interesting events. Might be worth examining some of these areas in more detail! Love your work as always, Cheers!
Mike Duncan's history of Rome podcast is one of the best educational podcast ever....
23:53 "Londinium" means nothing in Latin, and it was almost certainly a Romanisation of an indigenous Brittonic (Celtic) placename. In Welsh, for example, London = Llundain (approximately "Lindine"), and it could have been called something vaguely similar in the distant past, allowing for vowel-shifts (etc) over the millennia.
I was wondering about this. If it were an actual true Roman name or something the Romans adopted from a settlement of the Britons. Now we know.
the coloseum is huge, it seated 50000 people . the pantheon is amazing , you cant judge the building from pictures you got to see it personally .
The rooms under the stage of the colloseum were waiting chambers for the gladiators, animal cages, lifts and other storage ereas. It was under the stage becausse there were platforms that could open up and release animals or gladiators directly on the stage erea.
And also remember the seats and such are no longer visible becausse
a) It is a very old building.
b) during the middle ages and renaisance the colloseum was partially used for building materials. There was a church in the colloseum for a while after the romans but a lot of the walls and seats were broken down and the building materials were reused for other construction projects in the city.
Vespasian was one of my favourite of the roman emperors. He originally turned down being emperor after winning the war of the 4 emperors as he just didn't want to rule like the others. But his army persuaded him to take control a bit like George Washington. On his death bed his final words were "woe is me, I think I'm turning into a god" mocking previous emperors who believed they would become a god upon death.
The 'Punishment Of The Dogs' was an annual event in early August. ...And I have personally photographed the 'S.P.Q.R.' on Roman drain covers. Thanks for another video full of interest.
Him: the crisis of the third century was ended by diocletian
True Roman enjoyers: what?
Aurelian: *TF*
"Show more Love"I couldn't agree more!!
If you want to go i depth into rome. Historia Civilis is a channel with an extensive playlist of videos dedicated to rome. I'd love to see you react to the entire playslist even if its 1 video at a time.
As a person who studied ancient history (especially rome an its north-west provinces (germany, belgium, england)), christian archeology and historical geographics - Im sitting here with a smile watching your video. id like to answer all the questions who show up in your mind, but I guess, it would fit in the comment section^^ But I really really like your interest (Neugierde as we say in german) . (subscribed your channel instantly^^)
Hello SoGal , I prefer to liken the US to Greek colonialism and the Greek empire, which spread civilization, than the militaristic empire of Rome.
the floor in coleseum has gone and underneath is the foundation walls
The list of cities in Europe the Romans founded is loooooong. London, Bath, Leeds and Lincoln in England, to name a few of the 40-50 or what ever number of Roman towns there are in the UK. Augsburg, Lyon, Frankfurt, Istanbul, Barcelona, Zagreb, Vienna and so on. These are just a few I could remember, but the list is very long.
I was wondering what Cleopatra has to do with Halloween, I thought it was about ghosts, witches etc
At 4:10 you ask if the Roman Empire was the longest empire in history, this is correct but it doesn't end in 476 as the video would suggest but rather in 1453 with the fall of Constantinople. (the Empire lasts for 1480 years in total, 27BC until 1453AD
Romans crucify people, her: ok
Romans crucify dogs, her :👁👄👁
Imagine to have passport of Roman Empire today. 🙂
When it comes to animal sacrifice, or anything shocking really, about the ancient world you have to appreciate how long ago this is taking place & how different their world was compared to ours. They lived in a much more brutal and difficult world to survive in much less thrive in. Makes you be grateful for what you have.
Mary Beard did a few good series on Rome it rise and fall.
Yeah she is awesome!
The Romans paid their soldiers in salt, an expensive commodity, thus the term salary (salt payments).
Not true. It is a persistent myth about Rome that the soldiers were paid in salt.
If you like roman history, I strongly suggest watching the tv show Rome (it's only 2 seasons)
A good show 😉, not very historically accurate, but it feels authentic, it's the most authentic recreation of the Roman society.
The man doing the narration for this played a part in sharps rifles as Major Hogan. A Swashbuckling period drama series about a British officer fighting during the Napoleonic Wars.Today, there are reportedly more than 14,000 known uses for salt. ... The expression to be worth one's salt, which means you're competent and deserve what you're earning, is most often said to have its roots in ancient Rome, where soldiers were sometimes paid in salt or given an allowance to purchase it. i say this because i live in Droitwich Spa it was known for it's salt.The popular image of the Vikings is one of fearsome warriors wearing horned helmets. However, there is only one preserved helmet from the Viking Age and this does not have horns. it was a Hollywood thing.All the best from England and stay safe young lady.
I didn't know he was the narrator. Sharpie is one of my favourite Sean Bean's characters.
He was also King Agamemnon in the film Troy.
I really enjoy over the hills and far away on RUclips...and Sharpe too..E
@@chrisbovington9607 And Hannibal Lecter in the film Manhunter
@@eamonnclabby7067 John Tams (born 16 February 1949) is an English actor, singer, songwriter, composer and musician born in Holbrook, Derbyshire.He sang the song over the hills and far away and he played Daniel Hagman in Sharp. but this is the original version of the song. ruclips.net/video/7bs07OvqXp4/видео.html . Cheers and stay safe.
You should react to Historia Civilis! They have really well-done and engaging history videos regarding Rome.
25:39 The "floor" of the coluseum was removable, and the part beneath could be flooded to host reenactment sea battles. But it also served as an i guess the right word migt be a staging ground, for all the fights. The part beneath had cages for animals and slaves when not flooded. They had primitive elevators that could send animals and fighters up to the "floor" of the arena. (I belive they have built an replica elevator on site, don´t know if it´s still there.)
"The area dosent look big, to do stuff." The roof beneath the arena floor is several meter high, and had a cupple of levels to it. You see the small black dots outside the arena? Thats people. The arena it selfe could host around 55.000
spectators.
"There dosen´t look like there was any seats" There was, but during the centurys the arena was partly dismantled after earth quakes. Stones was removed and used to build churches and palatses and other buildings. The marble was removed and was often burnt in to burnt chalk, and the bronze used to keep stones in place was chiseled out and used for other things. Wikipedia have more info if you want to knowe more, or simply watch soem documentrys about the Coloseum. It´s rather interesting, as the fact it was rare for gladiators to die in the arena and the tumb up and down wasen´t a thing. The idea whit the tumb was that it was held sideways and IF there was to be an exicution of a fighter, then the tumb was moved to the side of the neck, where the sword then was trusted in to the chest and stright in to the hearth, and as sutch minimizing the suffering of the person.
Every afterwards, it became a yearly Roman tradition to celebrate this occurence by parading geese around the city on opulent litters, while crucifying dogs by nailing them to crosses made of alder wood. This barbaric custom apparently persisted at least until the 1st Century CE, when it was recorded by Pliny the Younger.
Dear anglosaxons that think that we live in caves,Remember that when we had libraries, the alphabet, streets,architecture, culture, the Roman Empire, literature,toilets and so on ,you lived in wooden huts.
Well well what a nice surprise. :)
The word for the German emperor >Kaiser< comes from the name Julius >Caesar
Gauls were Celts - and Celts were Gauls... the Romans used these two terms almost interchangable. The Celts were a cultural group, divined into a multitude of various tribes, living mostly in western and central Europe. Their origin is most likely the area of the so-called "Hallstadt-culture", in the areas of southern Germany and Bohemia. From their, they spread as far as the British Isles, the Iberian Peninsula and even to modern Turkey.
In the 5th century BCE, they took over northern Italy... and these tribes were also those who went on to conquer Rome for a while. The Romans continued the lands of northern Italy "Gallia Cisalpina" - the Gaul this side of the Alps.
France got her name from the germanic tribe to took over this area/kingdom/country several centuries later, in the middle of the first millennium. This tribes were the "Franks", most likely meaning something like "the free people". Charlemagne would be the most well known of the King of the Franks.
There are few very long lasting civilizations (Ancient Egypt: ca. 2700 BCE - 332 BCE, classical chinese civilization (various empires, states, etc.): 221 BCE - 1912 CE), but the roman state, although it tranformed over the centuries, was the longest continuously existing state in history. According to legend, it was founded in 753 BCE and it's last iteration, the Eastern Roman Empire, fell in 1453 - 2,206 years after the founding of the city. (The romans counted the years "ab urbe condita", "since the founding of the city". So 44 BCE, the death year of Julius Cesar, was the year 709 for them)
PS: There is a VERY good RUclips channel called "Fall of civilizations", with high quality podcasts/documentaries about the downfall of various civilizations, like the Byzantine Empire. :)
I'm not surprised, it can be very daunting with the whole of that coming at you so fast. This is something we definitely did learn about in school because, as you saw, the Romans eventually came over here to Britain. We mostly learnt about lots of their innovations in technology etc, from memory.
Being from where I am I, probably quite predictably, have some more BBC programmes to suggest you watch. First is a documentary series called 'What the Romans Did for Us' presented by Adam Hart-Davis, a brilliant and enthusiastic historian and presenter. The title is pretty self explanatory about many of the innovations the Romans came up with. He did do this in 2000 so hopefully this isn't too hard for you to find, he also did series covering; the Victorians, the Tudors, the Stuarts and other ancient civilisations in a similar vein.
The second id a bit different, it's a drama series, some might say the best drama series the BBC ever did; I, Claudius. It covers the time of Augustus as emperor right up to the end of Claudius' life, you learn a lot more about him as a person and just how unlikely is was that he would become emperor. It is based on 2 novels from Robert Graves in the 1930's which became this series in 1976 and was the last entirely studio bound historical drama the BBC ever did (so as you don't get your hopes up too much). I must tell you though, some of the best actors of their generation were in this thing and I'm sure you will recognise at least a handful of them, if you want to try it it's well worth your time.
Once again, best of luck going forward with this.
Also, this morning, I found another RUclipsr called The SPQR Historian, maybe worth checking him out too.
They really skip over a lot of stuff in the second half of the video. There’s an excellent series done by the channel Extra History on the Crisis of the Third Century which is one of my favorite RUclips series on Roman history out there. Explains quite a bit about the fundamental dynamics of the Later Roman Empire.
The Western Civilization would not be here without Greece and Rome!
About what you say at 14:25 im reminded of a quote from a video game on humans:
"You'll keep killing each other until only one remains. The strongest among you. A thousand years from now, a dim-witted human barbarian will climb to the top of a pile of bones, sit down and proclaim: "I win"
The videos of Invicta about antiquity are great as well!
Some of those drawings were painted much later. When people didn't know anymore how the Romans, or their enemies looked like. Hence what you called the Viking helms :P
You should watch the HBO series called Rome it’s very well made.
It has 2 seasons.
Totally agree, here on the Wirral I live 5 minutes walk from a Roman road that connected the Roman city of Chester to Meols on the north wirral coast, funnily enough it is still called Roman road...E
it's good, but it definitely makes up a lot of stuff for the sake of 'dramatization'
Strong disagree. It's good as drama on its own, but rubbish as historical drama.
Both have merits.....knocks Spartacus for six...the film that is..where the baddie Roman generals are played by British actors
@@eamonnclabby7067 At least they are played by good British actors in rome.
One last thing, if you want to take a deeper dive into Roman history I cannot recommend highly enough Mike Duncans legendary podcast "The history of rome". It ends with the fall of the empire in the west in 476 but then you can continue with Robin Piersons equally brilliant "History of Byzantium" wich picks up from there. The first episodes are a bit dry and stilted but then its excellent, sometimes sublime even.
I have been listening to Mike Duncan’s History of Rome on and off for the last few years. It is excellent, but full of so much information that I think I would absorb more if I followed it up with reading about Roman history.
@@brontewcat Well... yes, of course, read and read, read the scources and read the interpretanions of those scources and read the interpretanions of the interpretanions those scources and keep a clear and honest mind. And no dishonest "person" will ever fool you again.
If you want to know how the Colosseum used to look like in the past, look for the Arena di Verona. It's another amphitheatre, it's smaller but it's still got the floor and all seats (and yep, it's used for concerts and opera)
I enjoyed the Kings and generals videos on Caesar's civil war. Rome had a lot of Civil wars, three in late Republican era post Marian reforms pre Empire.
Rome? Pog
Your comments on human history show what a revolutionary concept Star Trek was when it hinted at the background of the federation
Many of the tenement blocks, and the dome of the Pantheon are of concrete, which the Romans invented. They also invented what is now called Portland cement, which sets under water for harbour works.
The Colosseum was about half the size of a modern NFL/soccer stadium and could hold, it is estimated, between 50,000 and 80,000 spectators who would mostly be seated on benches or stand. It's now a ruin, so what you see now is only a portion of what was there back in the day. This is a short video that gives you a closer look - ruclips.net/video/xaSbYIeqGWg/видео.html
I think it's also been said that the arena could be flooded and used to re-enact sea battles.
@@thimbur3543 It was, but exactly how they achieved that and the infrastructure supporting it is an hour long documentary in itself! ;)
You could say the same thing about the British Empire vs Roman Empire. The supplicia canum ("punishment of the dogs") was an annual sacrifice of ancient Roman religion in which live dogs were suspended from a furca ("fork") or cross (crux) and paraded. ... The failure of the watchdogs to bark was thereafter ritually punished each year. Lots of towns /cities in the south of England are from Roman times, Colchester for example.
Were you replying to someone?
Is it just me or does it look like a Flake 99 has fallen on Roger’s head and is melting down his cheeks.🍦😆
ABout the dogs: They were literally crucified every year for a long while
I lived in rome before i moved and my mom thought me about what the SPQR stood for wich is really cool and everytime i passed it i would repeat it's meaning
I have a question would America be considered a empire?
If you’re interested in reading about the history of Rome, I’d recommend Mary Beard’s SPQR: A History oh Ancient Rome. I read it during lockdown here in the UK - highly informative and yet not boring!
2:10 i think indus valley civilization was first.
The Yale lectures you watched, was it the ones with Donald Kagan?
Sorry for commenting so much, but many cities in Europe were founded by the Romans. Londinium (London), Lutetia (Paris), Vindobona (Vienna), Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (Cologne), etc. In general, ancient Rome had a HUGE impact on our modern western civilization. In many ways, urban roman life was very much like our life today (check out this video by Ted-ED about everyday life in ancient Rome btw.) :)
ruclips.net/video/juWYhMoDTN0/видео.html
ruclips.net/video/RQMgLxVxsrw/видео.html
The structure in the center of Colosseo (Anfiteatro Flavio) was under the arena
If you want more detail, Mary Beard has a 3 or 4 part series thats on RUclips, shes a prof of classics but the series is fantastic. Search Mary Beard Rome Documentary you should find them, would love to see a reaction to them but they're about 50 mins an episode, well worth it tho.
Diocletian is not the foundation of Monarchy(that system is far older and more prevalent than Rome), Rome just didn't practice a monarchy in the way most cultures did for most of its history (even the emperors were not expected or required to be related by blood)
However, Diocletian's reforms did lead eventually to Feudalism and serfdom. The social mobility of Rome died out largely because he trapped people in inheritable classes. Many of his other reforms saved Rome from immediate danger, but the social changes he implemented had some pretty serious and long-lasting consequences.
Though to be fair, his reforms of the Emperorship into a semi-divine, mystical, almost Persian-style monarch would also last (more or less) until the end of the Empire in 1453. So it can definitely me argued that many of the Medieval European monarch borrowed indirectly from the system he set up (all the barbarian kingdoms tried to emulate Rome to some extent). The basis for a European-style Royal Coronation for instance is first established under Eastern Roman Emperor, Leo I in the 5th Century, a ceremony which is still in use today in the UK.
When are we going to get Napoleon’s Marshall’s reaction?
22:21 - "In distant Judea, a preacher refusing to worship the emperor as god was crucified".
Did nobody else realise who he was talking about there?
Okay that's insane that the last emperor was called romulus...
you should watch a video about the gombi chimp wars
As for the longest Empire in history, that would probably either be Ancient Egypt (c. 3100 B.C-343 B.C) or Imperial China. The first Chinese Dynasty (Xia Dynasty) being founded around 2000 B.C, and the last Chinese Dynasty (Qing Dynasty) being overthrown in 1912.
Though both of these civilizations were constantly conquered, liberated, split up and reunified over the centuries. I think Rome might be the longest continuous state in history. As from 753 B.C to 1453 A.D, they were never actually fully conquered or split up and the state remained consistent throughout that entire period.
Claudius, around 41BC, is said to have understood Etruscan and written a treatise or history of the Etruria.
Giacometti's tall thin statues are very similar to early Etruscan statues.