Bahan Pakan dan Pakan Sejuta Ikan Lele di Komersial

Bahan pakan energy yang digunakan dalam pakan ikan lele komersial terutama adalah biji-bijian (jagung dan gandum) dan produk sampingan biji-bijian (pakan gluten gagung, tepung bibit jagung, bahan baku gandum dan dedak padi), lemak hewani dan minyak ikan. Jagung secara tradisional telah digunakan sebagai sumber energy utama pada pakan ikan lele.
Petani ikan lele dapat memberikan makanan bergizi lengkap yang menyediakan tingkat nutrisi dan energy yang dibutuhkan dalam bentuk yang mudah dicerna. Pemberian pakan yang lengkap sangat penting karena ikan lele hanya dapat mensintesis sebagian kecil nutrisi yang dibutuhkan dan jumlah nutrisi dari organism makanan alami di dalam kolam relative sedikit. Empat puluh nutrisi telah diidentifikasi diperlukan untuk fungsi metabolism normal ikan lele.
Berdasarkan pengetahuan saat ini, ransum energy kecernaan terhadap protein kasar sebesar 8,6-11kkal/gram cukup untuk digunakan dalam pakan ikan lele komersial. Rasio di atas kisaran ini dapat menyebabkan peningkatan penumpukan lemak dan jika rasio energy terlalu rendah, ikan akan tumbuh lambat.
Pakan ikan lele mengandung biji-bijian atau hasil samping biji-bijian yang kaya akan pati. Selain menyediakan sumber energy yang murah, pati membantu mengikat bahan pakan menjadi satu dan meningkatkan perluasan pakan yang diekstrusi sehingga pellet pakan stabil dalam air dan mengapung di air. Pakan khas ikan lele mengandung 26 persen atau lebih karbohidrat yang dapat dicerna.
W A R N I N G S : Beberapa komunitas memerlukan izin khusus untuk memproduksi ikan lele yang dibudidayakan. Periksa dengan dewan lisensi lokal Anda sebelum memulai proyek Anda.
Energy feedstuffs used in commercial catfish feeds are primarily grains (corn and wheat) and grain by products (corn gluten feed, corn germ meal, wheat middlings and rice bran), animal fat and fish oil. Corn has traditionally been used as the main energy source in catfish feeds.
Catfish farmers are able to feed a nutritionally complete diet that provides required levels of nutrients and energy in a readily digestible form. It is essential to provide a complete diet because catfish can synthesize only a small portion of the required nutrients and the quantity of nutrients from natural food organisms in the pond is relatively small. Forty nutrients have been identified as necessary for the normal metabolic function of catfish.
Based on current knowledge a digestible energy to crude protein ration of 8.6-11kcal/gram is adequate for use in commercial catfish feeds. Ratios above this range may lead to increased fat deposition and if the energy ratio is too low the fish will grow slowly.
Catfish feeds contain grain or grain by products that are rich in starch. In addition to providing an inexpensive energy source starch helps bind feed ingredients together and increases expansion of extruded feeds so that the feed pellets are water stable and float in the water. A typical catfish feed contains 26 percent or more of digestible carbohydrates.
W A R N I N G S : Some communities require special permit to produce farm-raised catfish. Check with your local licensing board before beginning your project.
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