How language shapes gender
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- Опубликовано: 26 окт 2021
- Linguistics is an amazing field because it constantly keeps throwing at us unexpected connections that unravel deep insights about our society.
How do our languages shape the way we make sense of the world? How is gender treated by different societies and cultures in India?
This video is a distillation of months of research on anthropology, sociology, and linguistics attempting to put a jigsaw together. Ties together the stories of Hindi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, Marathi, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Assamese, Bengali, Odia, Khasi, Bhoti, Garo and Mundari.
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Thank you everyone for your appreciation and feedback, this was a very dear topic close to my heart and I only hope I was able to do justice to the topic and all your beautiful languages.
Some corrections based on your feedbacks:
1. Nepali is indeed a gendered language! It was a mistake on my part to include it in genderless languages. I should have known as Pahari, Kumaoni, Garhwali and Nepali are all from the same family and it is unlikey that only Nepali would be genderless. Apologies for this one.
2. Dog is a living being, not a non living being as the video says 😅 apologies to the wonderful doggos 🐶
3. It's not Noi, it's Nodi in Bangla, that was a typo.
4. It's taazhe in MalayaLam and not taaLe
Thank you for being so amazing. Love you all 💖😘
Thankyou so much for this! ❤️
In Malayalam thaazhe (ഴ) not thaale ള.
@@adithyakrishnas2401 i think it's quite hard to pronounce. I have seen so much people trying hard to study that pronounce.
True! The zha is difficult to pronounce...
I’d love to hear him try it tho
V informative
Being a Bengali with strict parents, I always talked to my female friends in Bengali, so my parents wouldn't know if I was talking to a female friend or a male friend.
lol
@@sudiptoborun 😂😂😂
I am also a Bengali.
Mah man a fkn chad move
That's useful and nice 😅😄😂
His voice and narration make it feel like having conversation with a friend (though highly knowledgeable)
Oops btw u roasted ur friends 😅😅
Yeah lol so trueee
Yep I agree, he is a voice charmer.
he is the smart friend we all need
Exactly
I'm Keralite, living in Tamil Nadu, I selected Hindi as a second language in class ten and I was completely perplexed by words changing according to gender 😬 eventually I got a hang of it and now I'm okay with it😂
Same case with me too. 😆 I'm from Odisha.. My 3rd language was Hindi in class 8 to 10 but it's genders are difficult to understand.
Odia language doesn't have any gender rules. So It was very new for me.
English was my first language, and French was my second, so I had the same confusion: English only has gendered pronouns, but French is a subjectively binary language like Hindi, Marathi, etc. (and like Spanish and German, examples from this video). Every noun is inexplicably male or female.
I'm learning Hindi now, so grammatical gender is not as surprising as it was the first time, but there's another difference: gender must match between the noun (subject), verb, and any adjectives. In French (and all European languages, I think), gender only needs to match between the noun and adjectives, not the verb.
And then Hindi only has यह and वह for pronouns, so you have to look at the verb to know whether the subject is male or female, rather than the pronoun! The business of including "your pronouns" must seem strange when you're coming from a language that doesn't work that way.
Correction: there are some European languages in which the noun and verb have to agree on grammar: Russian does, but only in the past tense.
Anyway, it's rare in Europe, but most of the example sentences in this video were showing agreement or non-agreement between nouns and verbs.
Which board did you studied ?.
@@sunilkumar-ns5pl Which "board"?
I didn't understand your question, so I did some web searches and learned about the ISC and CBSE. Now I know what you mean!
Language education works differently in the United States. Where and when I grew up in the state of Massachusetts in the 1990's, was an optional course in high school (9th through 12th grades, the last 4 years of mandatory education). The four options were Spanish, French, German, and nothing at all, though taking a language course is generally considered a good idea for university admission. Spanish is more obviously useful in the United States, but my perception was that it wasn't taught as rigorously. Also, I really wanted to learn Latin, but it had been cancelled because the last Latin teacher in my school retired. Latin is a dead language to a much greater extent in Europe and the U.S. than Sanskrit in India.
I took 5 years of French in high school (I was allowed to start a year early in middle school) and thought I was pretty good at it until I went to France. Many French speakers didn't even know that I was *attempting* to speak French. This is still true, even though I've spent quite a lot of time in France and Switzerland for work over the years.
I went back to learning languages (for fun) on Duolingo when I decided that I didn't need to be able to talk to people; it would be enough for me to learn interesting facts about the grammar and how words are etymologically related to one another. I did the Haitian Creole course first because of its similarity to French and then started into Hindi because I have work colleagues in India and because it's the farthest branch on the Indo-European tree-I like the fact that some things are familiar and recognizable, but others aren't, and learning the history of how they got that way. Outside of Duolingo, I've made some Javascript tools for practice, use Wiktionary for etymologies, Google Translate, HiNative, and two textbooks.
None of these are as formal as the ISC and CBSE. Even courses I took in high school are less formal because schools in the U.S. are organized by counties (smaller units within states), rather than nationally.
And now I just noticed that your question is not indented; you were asking @Ala Ajmal Malik, not me! Sorry!
But I've typed so much that I think I'll send this anyway, since I've written so much and maybe it's interesting. If not, ignore it. :)
Can we take a min to appreciate his accent..... You speak like a native speaker. I'm not sure about other languages but the way you spoke Odia was legit, as a Odia I'll say, "Tame bahut bhala kahila bhai."😅😊 And all these information is so rich. Thank you buddy.
He is an Odia sis...
I guess odia is easy to learn for hindi natives
@@drpriyeshmaharana bengali
He is from western odisha and is fluent in odia and bangla
@@mohanlalpremranjannaik107 ooo i didn't know
Mind = Blown !
This has to be most content rich video I had ever seen. People complete PhD / Masters thesis with less.
Agree
I'm your fan Rishabh sir
Hey lla
But, both have something in common - _the art of passing something bogus as content-rich._
Pehchana?
"My two quirky angels" literally brought a huge smile on my lips😌
Same
And we make same mistakes in gender again n again while speaking hindi 😅
I am bengali
@Sagnik Banerjee Ikr same
Yup have many frnds who makes mistakes in he and she while talking .😂Btw in our Gujarati if I am a boy the usage of he or she sometimes depends on situations. Sometimes she is used for a boys 😂
As a Tamil and linguist, let me say I really appreciate how you pronounce the name of my language! Most north Indians seem to struggle with it
I was also thinking the same and about to type it
And I found your comment
Same bro🤝
East Indians prefer to avoid tough/harsh pronunciations. We love soft and rounded sounds. So we pronounce Tamizh as Tamil. 😊😊
you guys also struggle while speak hindi 🤡
@@nawalbangali61 harsh pronounce? That word hurts so much....
@@AstroDude_P i don't think so ask the hindi speakers how horrible you guys sound when you speak hindi . same we can also say wth .
I'm a Bengali and you were right that we do have gender issues when communicating in Hindi....u were bang on about what ever u said. Best wishes and keep up the good work 👍👍
you know there's something wrong when you feel emotional because no one's talked to you as nicely as the speaker here did
😭😭😭 I want to send you a warm hug. I hope you are treated with love and care as you rightly deserve ❤️❤️❤️
@@iip STOPDSJS thats so nice of you😭 I hope so for you too and also i appreciate your work a lott
Rulaaegi kya pagli?😂😭
I had the same thought plus his voice has such a calming effect 😇
You brought tears to my eyes brother. I am an Axomiya, never heard such brilliant pronounciation by any other non Assamese speakers. And when you said Axomiya. Bro...❤️❤️❤️
Thanks a ton!
Loved it when he said Axomiya and not Assamese
I personally would like to apologize to everyone from north-eastern region of india . I am from Jharkhand, even we also don't get much recognition but I hope we will come along and work together ❤️
Special powers of East and Northeast Indians, we pronounce stuff better of sister cultures than other languages(vased)
I can feel you guys. Axomiya...
My Bengali dad never used to get angry at us growing up no shouting no thappads, cooked and packed our school lunch while mom helped us get ready, always jokes around and smiles often, tells us he loves us, still dances in the rain, let me go to another state for my university and now I’m doing my masters in a foreign country and he has always been supportive. Sure I didn’t need any financial help cuz full board scholarship but I’ve seen my childhood friends whose dads wouldn’t remember their freaking birthdays much less let them leave to study elsewhere…. So if Bengali men are considered effeminate men and they are like this I’d gladly mingle with effeminate men. You don’t need wartime leaders in peacetime….
Which overseas country u went to
But generally, it's better to be a warrior in a garden than a gardener in a war.
@@funku2527 who says a warrior can not be gentle and kind. All truly strong people are also gentle. Anger sprouts from fear, and kindness sprouts from strength.
@@anantprakashsingh8777 bro, I guess you did not get it. i basically quoted the same thing from Jordan Peterson. Better to be a warrior in a garden than to be a gardener in a war.
@@funku2527 none of the above quotes are from jordan peterson, he merely regurgitated them. Also, you never made a point to begin with.
I was born and raised in the U.S.A. my parents are gujju and i picked up speaking gujarati and a little bit of hindi. but i didnt realize just how diverse all the languages are in terms of structure within India. I have Bengali and Bangladeshi friends but had no idea Bangla is gender neutral! So many south indian friends yet no clue how the genders of those languages worked as well. Truly informative and oh so fascinating. And seems like your accent for all the languages was pretty spot on too. Loved this video, im so glad it was randomly recommended to me!
As a native English speaker, it certainly looks as if learning Bengali would be the easiest option from a structural point of view. of course, pronunciation would be another matter altogether! This was very clearly and intelligently explained, thank you.
If you are french Bengali is easy and vice versa. My French teacher couldn't get over my accent at tge beginning!
Yes, I agree. Bengali grammar is indeed very regular and easy.
But on the other hand, Hindi has got way more utility.
@@kakalimukherjee3297 It's got more utility because we let it have more utility. If Indian Bengalis had been careful enough to preserve the status Bangla enjoyed at the time of independence, this pathetic condition of our culture would have never arised. They are too shy to speak their own language in front of other groups, even when conversing with a speaker of their own tongue. We have gone downhill culturally. But that can be changed, what we need is a linguistic revolution... If only it were so easy though... sighh... খুব দুঃখের বিষয়...
Well; can assure you It will not be. I mean there will be hardly any difference between Hindi/Bengali or anything. Why? cos the pain point comes not at the gender level; It comes in the structuring a sentence. bengali uses Noun+object+verb rather than Noun+Verb+object in English. And this will be THE pain point while learning Bangla or Hindi.
ps- I am a native Bengali speaker from kolkata; with fluency in both English & Hindi.
@@renegadepuppy You put it exactly how I see it! I’ve observed another example myself. Tagalog, my country’s national language, is similar to Spanish in the same sense that Ilokano, a regional language, is similar to Italian.
I am a Hindi speaker living in Bengal who was never able to actually figure out why Bengalis tend to mix up genders while speaking Hindi. It has been for the first time in around 17 years of speaking Bengali that I have actually realised that it's a gender neutral language causing obvious confusion in the minds of native Bengalis....all thanks to you 😌😌.
Odia is also gender neutral
Bangla bujhos?
@@michael_morningstar2689 ami bangla bujhi
@@it_g_102_riturajburnwal6 kon rajjo thika?
@@dOVERanalyst toder shomosto Bengali comments section e naak golanor shobhab jabena
Love how you pronounce all the Tamil sentences perfectly
I'm an anthroplogist by study and this is a very good explanation of things. Well done! That's why it's important to protect isolated, endangered languages because when a language dies so does an entire world view.
Bonus Fun fact: Han Chinese names tell you almost nothing about the person, not even gender. From most Indian names, you will instantly know gender, religion, region, caste, etc. This has huge implications.
Most of sur names are used by same caste
Soni is used by khatri in punjab
And by baniya in mp
Every religious group follows caste in india
In west bengal there are many names which tell nothing about gender.. although rare but its getting more and more prevalent.. for example.. there’s a name ARKA.. both girls and boys can have it.. although different pronunciation.. for boys its spoken as ARKOO.. for girls it’s pronounced ARKAA.. there are many more like aarya, neeuru, aadhira, abhi.. etc
Its a good thing
@@SILENCEINTHESOULS Not really, nomenclature in Sikhs is unisexual, you can not identify the gender of the person just by hearing their name. And surnames exist in Punjabi culture but in Sikhism they do not exist. we all carry a single "Kaur" "Singh" tag despite of our different backgrounds.
When u mentioned bengali and odia people gets confused about the usage of gender in hindi verbs smile came out of my lips cause it's so damn true... Btw your knowledge and research in different language family deserves respect...
Exactly, being an Odia it's very difficult for me to differentiate between gender in Hindi grammar 😅😅😅
@@sokaparnabishoyi8834 yaa right, bengali and odia is so similar
@@suvamoybanerjee5250 😂😂😂😂😂
একই অবস্থা
Well, I am too an odia but went on learning bengali and though I am living in Delhi, I don't have any issue with this genders.
@@ridheeshreenayak44 It is odia, odissi a dance form
Being a South Indian who can speak kannada, Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam. I must say this video has made me much more aware than experience.
Wonderful way of explaining this with respect to the sub continent. Must've taken a lot of effort, well done brother!
Can't believe the way you pronounced all the languages correctly like you know all of this very well😃,,as an odia girl I really like the way you pronounced the sentences as liked a odia boy😀and as a proud Indian,, I'm so grateful🥺💕🙏🏻that I born in a heavenly place in earth i.e my beloved bharat🇮🇳🥰who holds so many different cultures,languages, traditions,festivals & maintaining unity in diversities😍❤️...keep it up bhaiya🙌🏻,,you really did a good job👏🏻💫
Actually he might possibl odia,bengai,assamis, khasi,or monipuri . Probolbly ,,,... Look at her speaking way ,,.. sounds purest ,,,, as estern indian people have this power ,,, I'm bengAli n I can speak any language with the tone verry easily ,,,,, if u look carefully u I'll understand s 🙏🏾
Being from Meghalaya... i truly appreciate the fact that you also talked about Khasi and Garo... A lot of people are unaware of these languages and their unique culture... Thank you so much for this Amazing & informative video !
Are there few Rabha tribes in Meghalaya? I am a Rabha from Assam, BTR. I have read few Rabhas are scattered all around Meghalaya even Bangladesh. Just curious. 😂
@@joyid Yez there are Rabhas in Meghalaya... 😊
@@jinslostsister8538 ...well , wan means come in khasi I guess, which is same in Tamil, Spanish, Korean, chinese (few dialects), Cameroonian, Australian aboriginal languages..so surprising 😲
Yeahh actually
I didnt even knw these language also exist in India
Coooool
THIS GUY DOES HIS RESEARCH MAKES EVERYONE FALL IN LOVE WITH THEIR OWN LANGUAGE AS WELL AS LANGUAGES FROM ALL OVER INDIA❤️ i really appreciate it :)))
हमेशा कुछ ना कुछ नया सीखने को मिलता है।
We should appreciate his time and effort in putting out such quality content..he has made this channel an effort of love that's obvious 🎉🔥
As a malayali, the concept of gendered objects was confusing for me too. Plus, it's so hard to remember which is which, Malayalam seems much more efficient. Bengali and Odia even more so
Very true..French probably has the most gender based classification: subject, object, verb, tense, adjectives, articles etc..learning that as a Bengali is a real challenge 😅
And the other day i was debating with my teacher that French language needs total overhaul..
@@MB-rz2gy damn you're learning French? Must be so hard, french spelling makes less sense to me than English does 😆
@10:19 Telugu gender categorization is very unique...it treats real life things as masculine and non masculine things..This is because the culture treats the nature/environment/creation as feminine in nature.
Being a Bengali, I still make mistakes in gender while speaking Hindi, even when I have learnt the language 15 years ago.
Mothertongue influences us in ways much more than we can comprehend.
I feel so blessed to have been born in such a diverse country like ours.🙃❤
@Cheems Doge we have survived with different languages for thousands of years, we will survive thousands more. Let's just be positive and save our own cultures.🙂
Same here being an Odia some time I use the wrong sentence while speaking hindi
@@Huntul_puntul No it was the cause of separation. In very past our language was sanskrit. The truth, philosophies, religion and knowledge which are absolute. Culture represents in which environment u live, like I speak gujarati but its mixed with english and bit hindi, my parents speak pure gujarati and my grandparents speaks desi dialect of gujarati. In future after several generations all this combination of gujarati, hindi and english will be their cultural. Not just in language but in everything as our world is changing at a very fast rate. So culture in present age is not absolute its changing. You people keep on saying that we should save our culture which adapting western culture somehow. I speak gujarati, marvadi, marathi, haryanvi, english and sanskrit. Out of all this I can tell sanskrit is very perfect and english is the worst of all, see the irony that I have to write this in english as we all are becoming part of culture that is not our own, I being a gujarati cannot talk to u in bengali we need english to communicate with each other. Look at china they have everything in mandarin their education, websites, communications, write systems etc. That is the reason despite having late start than western world they are very ahead same with Japan.
@@radhekrishna4652 culture based on religion was the cause of separation. Not language right?
Also with the passage of time things have diluted, yes. But we still carry on with the same daily traditions at our homes everyday and speak in our mothertongue, even after using English in our workfront. I am as fluent in English as in Bengali, and I am able to read, speak and understand Hindi. What is the problem there then? There is no harm in learning multiple languages when we live in a global era.
Earlier when Sanskrit was the prime language, world trade was very limited. The ancient Greeks learnt Sanskrit and we learnt Greek to trade between us. It is the same with English today. There is no harm according to me if we know or converse in English as long as we continue to know and use our mothertongue as much as we use English.
P.S. I am a PhD scholar, and in our institute which is centrally funded, all of our verbal communication between scholars and professors occur in Bangla, be it informal or formal. And the written orders are passed in English and Hindi both.
How balanced is that! I take pride in this..
Also I am currently learning Sanskrit for the sake of reading manuscripts as old as I can find. I hope soon I will be able to find the beauty of Sanskrit as you have found.🙂
Ha thik
I can't imagine the amount of research u have put into making these kind of informative videos .
😀👌👌
🙏🏼🙏🏼
Just wait - he will tell you there are 33+ different genders. Then what will you say?
He even put so much effort to make Tamils angry by the Thumbnail
I know Mundari, Odia, Hindi, Bengali and english languages and you have spoken the words of each of these languages fluently. 😲 Your voice is very nice...
I just want to mention and appreciate the extra effort you have taken in learning to pronounce so many words and phrases from all the different languages spoken in a perfect manner. Kudos to you!
As a native Tamil in the US I was very suprised by your perfect Tamil pronounciation
awesome job!
All Indian languages are wholesome. Must be protected.
No, hindi is pro males language
But almost all south people want to ban it
@@pavanxjcjdj it is bcz of atrocities made by pro hindi ppl
@@imfriedchicken but instead blaming Government, they are blaming North Indian ppl and Hindi 🤷♀️🤷♀️
@@pavanxjcjdj yes I do agree.
At 9:18 you talk about mango and it's gender. In Marathi, unripe mango is called Kairi. Ripe mango is amba. And Kairi is feminine. Amba is masculine. So as a fruit ripens in Marathi, it undergoes gender transition. Even in marathi the same sentence for unripe mango will be kairi Khali padli just like Gujarati.
Same goes for Hindi. Kaccha aam is fem. kairi, while pakaa aam is masc. aam.
Same for gujarati કાંચી કેરી🥭 અને પાક્કો આંબો
As a sociologist myself, this was one of the most enlightening videos to watch. Korean for example, although not an Indian language, has a whole set of honorofic terms to be used, when speaking to someone older or of a higher authority. This explains why they're some of the most respectful, disciplined and punctual people in the world!
same in bengali. there are different pronouns for age and authority of the listener over the speaker.
that may be related with the confucian philosophy of respecting the elders aka filial piety....
I as a linguist really enjoyed this video. So much information about Indian languages which I craved to know. Thank you so much for English subtitles though. I have only started to learn Hindi but, man, I like all of the languages and think about starting to learn some more! Thank you so much for doing such good research)
I presume that you are Russian? If you want a real challenge try learning a Dravidian language like my mother toungue Telugu lol.
@@dilip2257 Yeah, thanks. That's a really good advise, by now i planned to start learning Tamil but Telugu is very beautiful too )
Hindi is a very useful language; even though I'm a native Bengali speaker, I'd recommend you to master your Hindi. And as you're Russian, I think the pronounciation is not too difficult for you, as well.
@@kakalimukherjee3297 Yes, you're right. We have a lot of sounds that seem almost the same. However my most problem now is to handle these ones: ठ, ढ, etc. I totally remembered all the letters and kinda can read words, but some sounds are still difficult 😛
@Vaibhav that's really cool. Knowing Cyrillic is already much. I know Russian has difficult grammar, so it's hard to learn. Good luck to you too!
While I'm Speaking Tamil,Marati,Kannada and Hindi still I make mistakes because of this gender changes...
Anyway I'm a Mallu Guy 👍
Marathi not marati
it's pretty easy in kannada, isn't it? masculine for men n feminine for women n neutral for things
@@kushal4956 same in marathi as well
@@kushal4956 Kannada is just a pure copy of Tamil gender and Grammar system
@@toontoofaan5055 ahh yes the tamil fanatic
heartwarming to see the someone finally creating a linguistics video on rich languages on india and bringing exposure to this lesser-known, very interesting topic! really well made and explained
I’m a Bengali from Assam and trust me bro you spoke both the language perfectly. The pronunciation is exactly the same… Basically the non-Assamese can’t pronounced the “x” sound but you did very well
I'm Bengali and have been questioning my gender for the past year, but when that sudden realization hit me that my language doesn't have any grammatical gender I felt so good :]
(btw, I use they/them + neos!)
Lucky! Wish my mother tongue was gender neutral...
yes same here, im non binary and im very happy that bangla doesnt genders everything, (my prns are he/they too)
Best wishes 😊
I’m not Indian but my language doesn’t have gender pronounce as well. When I have to learn Spanish and German it was so confusing knowing which one is gendered..Like why? It’s easier if it doesn’t ;^;
More power to you!
It is so true! When I was learning hindi in seventh standard.. I often made sentences containing both masculine and feminine words.. I was so confused as to why do hindi speakers have to differentiate so much😅😅
Ekdom
Same!
I am a language teacher. I loved the research you've done and the easy representation. I'd really like to watch more videos on language, if you make them.
I have fallen in love with this channel.... and specially this video....this person's voice, his research, his care for using proper accent and the beautiful narration together makes it one of the best videos in RUclips on this particular topic 😍
I'm a Malayali who learned English and Hindi in school. But I did find it harder to learn Hindi than English. I thought it was due to difference in exposure or something, but seeing this video I suddenly realised that it was because of the gendering of things and verbs in Hindi. We have pretty much the same 'gendering' words like he (avan), she (aval) and it (athu), and in English there is no change in the verbs with the gender just like in Malayalam. Then I started learning Hindi and it took me so many years to get a hang of the gendering stuff, and I still make a lot of mistakes. Because of this I still can't speak Hindi confidently even though the teachers in my school thought well for the 12 years I learned it
@nothing nothing Really??? Then why learn Mandarin, Japanese, German, Spanish, French???
@nothing nothing English is already that common language.
@nothing nothing Your name
it is same in TAMIL too avan,aval,adhu😁
let me clear one thing if any languages is having more words,verbs and all it would be easier to learn unlike english
12:50 Somebody: Everybody should be treated equally!
Bangla, Odia , Maithali ,etc: Wish granted!👍
But we bengalis add one more extra word to describe gender although he didn't mention
Rahul pore gelo
Se pore gelo
Sei chheleta pore gelo
Anjali pore gelo
Se pore gelo
Sei meyeta pore gelo
@@Super.youknow Mey means Girl and Chelle means boy , these are noun !
What about Assamese?
@@cyantn1634 Akhomia is similar to Malyalam
Santali, Mundari, Khariya - What's is gender.
Human is human 😎
I've never seen anyone nailing every languages' pronounciation that good. Hats off to you!!!
What an incredible video! Combining analysis of gender in a cultural context, the influence of colonialism, and the grammatical conventions of so many different South Asian languages from different language families! All of that, and the video is still quite short and easy to follow! I cannot commend you enough. I'm subscribing for sure!
I'm a Bengali and I always wondered about the fact that my language is gender neutral. Many Bengali people often make mistakes while assigning gender related words while speaking in Hindi. Also, there's more openness about LGBTQ topics in Bengal and Female empowerment is deep rooted in Bengali culture, which is beautifully reflected in the language.
yeah but Bangla is not entirely gender-neutral are nouns are still gendered
I think there is such a big freethought/atheistic/liberal domain that exist even in Kerala as well.
Extreme hypocritical self-centeredness that masquerades itself as liberalism should be shunned. I don't favor that fakery...
@@ManjuSubin Yes! Me too
I agree about woman empowerment in Bengal, I'm from UP and i love how less bigoted bengali culture is towards women than other cultures in India.
Haha
Gay
Muje seen imagine kar ulti aane lagti hai .
Chiiiiii
I am a Bangladeshi, this video was popping up in my recommendation. So, I decided to give a try and it's worth it. Even though I am a Bangladeshi, I grew up watching Hindi movies, shows and programs. That's why I can speak and understand hindi pretty well. And always, I have wondered about this gender thing. Now, after watching this video, I am proud of my mother tongue even more than before.
Same!!
same lol
Moder gorob moder aasha ❤️ love from west bengal
@@Nourriturecosmetics amio🙂💖
understanding other languages can unlock a lot of information
This is the best 19 minutes spent today by me. So beautifully and passionately discussed. ❤️
This is an appreciation comment for you to spell out the words from each language in their own accent, and almost it was precise! Kudos brother!! ❤
I seriously wasn't aware that I had watched 15 mins of the video until you asked for another 4 mins.
Seriously man, I won't at all be hesitant to watch even 1 hr video uploaded by you...such is the level of research, originality and vibrancy in your videos.
A Biggg Thank You for such a great video, I absolutely loved it ❤️
Same👍👍
same. Guess we're all nerds lmao
Same!
I loved how you said Oxomiya instead of Assamese. Huge respect :)
Also glad he pronounced it as 'o'xomiya instead of 'aa'xomiya (may be he read my comment in a previous video lol)
@@atanubhuyan7004 ohomiya
@@atanubhuyan7004 he must be an East Indian 😂😂
@@atanubhuyan7004 well he is a bengali, in bengali we use 'o' instead of an 'a'. Though we try our best to not have it influence us while pronouncing other languages.
The term Assam name is older than Axom.
Such a well produced, impeccably researched, brilliantly voiced and expertly edited video! Fantastic job!
Thanks a lot for making this video. I will share it with all my friends as they all speak different languages but united by English. We often have debate that how hindi speakers expect all other language speakers to know and be able to speak hindi. And they claim that hindi is a National language so whole of india should be fluent in it. But this video beautifully captures some intrinsic details of each language and how there can be hurdles learning another indian language. My personal option is that all languages are beautiful and deserve equal respect.
Being a Malayalee, I always face difficulty in assigning gender to non-living things and changing your verb according to the gender of the subject. This video perfectly explains it. After moving to Karnataka, I am struggling to learn kannada, not because of its vocabulary, but the change of verb according to the gender of the subject. Same difficulty I face while using Tamil and Hindi too. Thank God English is free from that.
English is more difficult than any languages of the world, for example, how do you pronounce roll and doll, they both have same composition but pronounced differently,other examples are would and mould,lord and word,boot amd good,break and bleak🤣🤣🤣
It doesn’t make any sense how they pronounce every word in english without any proper rule
does Malayalam not have much gender based words ?
I'm Bengali, working in Chennai. We don't have any gender based pronounce. So it's not easy to speak English with Tamil. All the time I forgot to use she for our madam.
@@luciddream6983 👌👤👌
@@cocokoochie9648 no
Excellent! Listened to it in full and enjoyed it. Came away much better informed about the languages of India.
Omg this is such a fanboy moment! I am an ardent reader of your Quora answers, Sir!
Sir jee 🙏🙏
Thalaivaa ingaiyumaa..🤗🤗
Quora wale sir jii🙏🙏
Quora fam😀😀
17:37 the quote is taken by most people without any context. As a person who is in touch with SwamiJi's work, I can confirm that he DID NOT meant it like that and he WAS NOT influenced by the western male standards. He told many times to strengthen our mind. Also he was one of the best students in his academic career.
He actually meant that we can learn many things like brotherhood, hardwork etc from Geeta but we can experience those things irl by playing football.
This is hands down my favorite channel for indic content. You have definitely inspired me to learn linguistics and Indic languages. Keep up the great work!
As a great proud Odia I discovered such a great variety in the diversity of genders in different languages। ମୁଁ ମୋ ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଭାଷା ଉପରେ ଅତ୍ୟଧିକ ଗର୍ବିତ କାହିଁକି ନା ଆମ ଭାଷା କୌଣସି ଦ୍ରବ୍ୟ ଉପରେ ଲିଙ୍ଗର ଭେଦଭାବ ରଖି ନାହିଁ।ଓଁ ଜୟ ଜଗନ୍ନାଥ 🙏🙏
As a Tamil, I can say that you pronounced tamil words in the best way that a non-tamil could say.
Even the stress in letters like n and l. 🔥
Pronouncing zha in the right way is hard for some of us. You did good.
Just some more practice would make your pronunciation as good as the best tamil speaker.
Thank you so much! I did put some practice into it - it was a long process while making the video on Retroflex La
@@iip love your content. ❤️
@@abdulsalphan Most Tamils themselves can't pronounce zha where as all Mallus can pronounce zha as ഴ
I think he nailed almost all languages he spoke Bengali Odia ahom gujarati almost like a local
@@s9ka972 we can do but the problem is we have 3 kind of ல,ழ,ள.... which make them confused ..
As a Hindi learner, I LOVE that you speak clearly!!
Cool video. There is an entire library of awesome educational videos made by Indian scholars that are slowly popping up on my youtube feed. I feel so proud when I watch these
Hello I’m brazilian and I haven’t seen any brazilians commenting so far, portuguese is completely gendered between male and female (even when we talk about objects) and spanish and french also are.
It was really cool to learn all those things about Indian languages, I would never have learnt that hadn’t I watched this video and it was very interesting learning about languages that treat objects and people differently than the ones I speak! Thank you, Ashris!
Met a Brazilian girl three years ago here. She told me the same thing.
@@musicdiaries9365 you're from Nepal?
@@musicdiaries9365 which state ?
@@musicdiaries9365 south ex ?
Portuguese is indo-european language so it has similarities with hindi and sanskrit and bengali.
I was shocked when you spoke in Kannada, the accent was perfect, even in other languages too.
My father is Bengali and my mom is Karnatakan, thanks to my parents who thought me the best of both cultures.
This hemmadi is the surname of legendary singer Suman Kalyanpur. Is she any relative of you?
@@parmadola4993 Suman Hemmadi or Suman Kalyanpur ma’am’s father is our relative.
Thanks 😊
@@Vijayhemmadiprakash great to know that. I am from Bangladesh and her family hails from Dhaka.
@@parmadola4993 wow this is so intriguing. Thank you for sharing. :)
@@parmadola4993 wow ! Great connection
I don't understand Hindi as a Sri Lankan Tamil and also a huge philology, archaeology and sciences nerd, I thoroughly enjoyed your content and understood everything you said in English. You integrate just the rights amount of English chunks for non Hindi speakers to be able to comprehend and enjoy your videos.❤
Your pronounciation of all the words in this video was just amazing! really great video mate!..
I loved this. I'm German and we have three genders. Children are neutral gender in German language. When I learned Italian it really annoyed me that children from the first day were assigned either male or female gender and that the male form is used even for female children, when speaking about children in general. I felt the Italian language was linguistically giving more importance to male humans.
In English there's only one gender and that was interesting, too.
Later I also learned Greek and that has three genders, just as German.
I absolutely agree that the structure of each language has influence on how we perceive the world.
German is an indo Aryan/European language influenced by Old Persian and Sanskrit.
@@samank8628 nearly all European languages have indo aryan roots. But as far as I know they don't derive directly from Sanskrit, but Sanskrit and Indo-European languages both derive from the same language.
@@helgaioannidis9365 Of course, I never said that it “directly” derived from Sanskrit or Persian for that matter - but merely the influence of the language/s. I’d not be surprised if all Indo European languages had a common root somewhere in South Asia or the Middle East - the birth places of the oldest civilisations.
@@samank8628 While German and Sanskrit and Old Persian are languages of the Indo-European family, I don't see how they influenced each other to a great extent. Modern Standard High-German belongs to the Germanic language family, while Old Persian and Sanskrit belong to the Indo-Iranian language family, both of which are branches of the Indo-European language family. While having the same origin, I don't see much instances in history where they could have influenced each other except for maybe through the trade routes, the conflicts between the Middle Eastern powers and European powers, and colonization (and Germany never had any colonies in mainland Asia). Post-imperial English surely took some words from it's Asian colonies, but I don't see how that same phenomenon happened with German. The areas of the Germanic language family and the Indo-Iranian language family are geographically opposite (btw English is also a Germanic language).
@@samank8628 As for your second comment, all the Indo-European languages can trace their roots back to Proto Indo-European, and the speakers of that language populated the Pontic-Caspian steppe .
Being a Tamilian, more conservative places, we try to no use podi/ Aval for women (As these words are traditionally reserved for the Husband). Instead we use Agrinai pronoun which is considered more respectful. Uyardhinai/ Agrinai difference also seem to depend on the whether you are named. When we say a baby we use the neutral pronoun it. As soon as the child is refered with a name, we started associating with a Gender. This rule applies even to pets most of the time.
Yes, but still, those female pronouns are not only reserved for husband in the newer generation. Close prople use them. Like, me a female, would be called "-di" by my friends(male and female), my mother, and even my sisters and father.
di and aval is not "reserved" for husbands wdym im pretty sure family and friends use them all the time
@@idk4182 Ya like, it's just informal speech. Like for boys "-da", "Avan" and for girls, "-di" "aval" but sometimes girls are also called as "-da" hence in tamil it's called பால் வழுவமைதி which means gender of the sentence is not correctly used according to rules but accepted grammatically by scholars.
A Proud (in the bad way) husband only would use podi and aval unless they are very close or he's speaking in 3rd person, which in that case is applicable to anyone regardless of their relation the the object of the sentence.
@@idk4182 I agree, today many people have use di to refer friends nowadays. still a guy calling another women di is highly frowned upon in many societies... It is a product of patriarchy and stems from the thought that the husband owns! The wife... Disclaimer.i hope you understood by my language that I dont condone owning or exclusivity of Di for husband only.
This video is worth gold and may help researchers understand differences in the society and world, even about how languages shape human behavior. Kudos to you for researching and creating it. Glad to have found your channel. 😊
🤯 this video was a mind blowing journey driven by the insight of your narrative. My first language is English. I also speak some Spanish, Hindi, Thamizh and Malayalam. It’s occurred to me much too often how languages shape culture, ethics, behaviours, values and politics. You nailed it - and also illustrated just how diverse Bharath/India actually is …lots of love and greetings 🙏🏽 from India 🇮🇳 South Africa 🇿🇦 Australia 🇦🇺 and the USA 🇺🇸 (I’m all these)
Telugu is one of the earliest languages to have separated from the Proto-Dravidian, perhaps long before this family of languages could fully evolve a gender & number system. So afterwards, Telugu developed a part of it on its own. That’s why the Telugu’s gender & number system is a little different from other languages in the same family. For example, notice that other Dravidian languages have two plural suffixes [kaḷ for objects and ar/aru for humans] while Telugu has just one [lu] for all. Does that mean that Telugu insults humans?
(Some assume that lu evolved from kaḷ . But I think that both forms could simultaneously have existed in Proto-Telugu as well as Proto-Dravidian. But lu disappeared in other languages).
I personally guess that long long ago, Telugu used to have a separate set of verb forms to describe the female action. They used to end in ‘తి’ (ति) instead of the present ‘ది’ (दि). For example :
వచ్చుచున్నతి (वच्चुचुन्नति) - She is coming.
వచ్చుచున్నది (वच्चुचुन्नदि) - It is coming.
వచ్చినతి (वच्चिनति) - She came.
వచ్చినది (वच्चिनदि) - It came.
In course of time, తి (ति) merged into the pronunciation of ది (दि). Then onwards, the gender distinction between the Telugu feminine verbs and neuter verbs got erased, finally culminating in what we are left with now.
What is this ‘తి’ (ति) unknown to any modern Telugu person, scholar or linguist? It is the same as the ‘తి’ (ति)we find in the end of the nouns and pronouns like ఒక్కతి, ఎవత్తి (ओक्कति, ऎवत्ति) etc. If there is an interrogative pronoun called ‘ఎవత్తి’ (ऎवत्ति), compulsorily there must be an affirmative pronoun too, like అవత్తి, ఇవత్తి (अवत्ति, इवत्ति) etc. Not only that, the end-తి (ति) must also be the ending of related verb forms, just like it happens with other Dravidian verb forms.
For example :
[TAMIL] அவள் வந்தாள் = అవళ్ వందాళ్ = अवळ् वंदाळ् - She came.
அவர் வந்தார் = అవర్ వందార్ = अवर् वंदार् - He (honorific) came.
அவன் வந்தான் = అవన్ వందాన్ = अवन् वंदान् - He came.
Plz Notice the ள், ர், ன் (ళ్, ర్ and న్/ ळ्, र् and न्) which are common to the endings of the pronouns and the related verb forms. Telugu is on the same page with Tamil in this aspect.
For example :
[TELUGU] అది వచ్చుచున్నది = अदि वच्चुचुन्नदि - It is coming.
వారు వచ్చుచున్నారు = वारु वच्चुचुन्नारु - They are coming.
వాఁడు వచ్చుచున్నాఁడు = वाँडु वच्चुचुन्नाडु - He is coming.
Plz Notice the ది, రు, డు (दि, रु, डु) which are common to the endings of pronouns and the related verb forms.
CONCLUSION : So, ancient Telugu must separately have had both pronouns and verb forms ending in తి (ति) for describing the feminine.
I commented about this on the instagram post which you posted long ago too.
You have your own good research 😉✌️
I'm Telugu and it makes me proud 😹😹, usually I never thought this type of female Gender తి existed once in Telugu !!
Your research Is really so logical and useful tysm for sharing it :")
Heyyyy!! Mallika! I'm a telugu guy, and till date have never found this logical reasoning behind the usage of తి and ది. Cannot thank you enough for being so much explicitly informative to the core. And also the reasoning have made it much clear to me. Never knew that Telugu had a deviated descent from Proto Dravidian, and thereby it has developed it own way of dealing. Thank you so much:) I feel blessed to have such profound diligent language as my mother tongue
For everyone in this comment section! Don't be proud of your language, because you didn't achieve it, just love your language. (I said this because you people are being proud). భాష గర్వించదగ్గ విషయం కాదు
As an Odia I always face problem with ki and ka in hindi. 😂
Same with gendered objects. ଜିନିଷର ଲିଙ୍ଗ କେମିତି ହେଇପାରିବ ଯେ
@@user-gi8zs4pi6w Seyya
We bengalis do same mistakes speaking Hindi 🤣🤣🤣
👏👍👍
why learning hindi..learn english, french, spanish....
Thanks for beautifully explaining the genders in Languages. Also I really appreciate so accurate pronunciation in Spanish, German and Hindi.
That was so interesting. What glued me till the end of the video were your unbiased views and originality! Hats off to you, homie ❤
This is what I always try to tell people, gender identity is not a question of biology but a question of linguistics and sociology. Obviously they are influenced by biology but it is not the only factor.
Your spelling Axomiya sounded so sweet. As an Assamese, I felt very special at your way of presentation
You really blew my mind. I'm not exaggerating, this video really changed the way I look at the world.
Thanks
Hi, this video is incredibly well made. The amount of data you have collected, fact checked and compiled, and the effort you put into getting the pronunciations and accents right really shows through. There were very minor things I noticed which weren't perfect but at this point, that's just nitpicking. Thank you for this content! I clicked subscribe right away
Bro, it's ironic ( and beautiful ) ... you mention the differences in our languages and leave us more united than before, making us feel better about our language and admiring those of our neighbours, SIMULTANEOUSLY!!
First of: I am beyond impressed with your pronunciation at least vis-a-vis Tamil. As a non-Tamilian, you really nailed it!
This actually brings me to another point. As a native Tamilian, I've found it quite hard to manage genders in languages that assign masculine/feminine genders to non-living things. As you mentioned, language does indeed play a key role in shaping thought. An interesting case study for this comes in the perception of time. Most languages come under two classes when using adjectives to quantify time: using length-based adjectives (long/short) and using size-based adjectives (big/small). Being multilingual, I can sense my perception of a duration of time changing according to the language I'm communicating in. All this to basically say that there is a reason why progressive ideologies aim at reforming language because it does indeed shape the way we think about things.
Loved the video, loved the conclusion, and loved the effort you put into it. Please keep them coming!
Dude the progressive woke ideologies are giving rise to 10000 genders like calling normal people as cis gender straight and classifying people based on that.They are not progressive and won't accept anything that opposes them.They are new form of extreme Bolshevik Marxism that destroyed Soviet union .Even putin is calling them out as destructive
As an Odia, he got the Odia really accurate too!
Yes
Sir you assuming he is non tamil. I know many tamils living outside tn who can speak / pronounce in many indian languages
@dave not necessarily. but the assumption could have been bcoz the person speaks/pronounces north indian language well, he may not be from south. whereas from the accent it cant be ruled out that the voice over is of a person from south
randomly got recommended this video, very surprised and pleased by just how good it was. I really like the way you explain concepts in detail and cover all the questions people are thinking at the right time. Good work, I subscribed!
I LOVED IT !! It's like having all my observations being said out loud !
Bro, you combined my two favourite topics: languages and gender! This is such a well-made video 🥺💛
Also, the way you pronounce German and Spanish and Tamil and Axomiya...it's evident that you've put in work not just to bring out the intricacies of different languages but also how they are spoken by the natives. Loved the bit at the end as well. Completely agreed!
Except Telugu which made me kinda sad, but atleast he tried 🥲
I really do appreciate how he pronounces "Axomiya" accurately but the other words, which are "Xi" (won't include "tai" as it was pronounced almost accurate) "eitu". But I just blushed when my mothertongue is said so beautifully. 😌. Thnx brother.
I was shocked when he pronounced Bengali, Assamese, Odiya...so welll...
He is an Odia btw...
just watch odia/assamese tv channels for few days , even u be able to speak fluently
That was really mind opening bro - I grew up in so many states and now countries that I don't have a fixed idea of my nationality or identity. Everyone wants me to choose a camp and fight while I don't feel like I belong in any of them. It is both liberating and isolating at the same time. In a time when the news and media talk about people, it is refreshing to talk about ideas on what makes people tick. Meta !!
You've done great research which is eye opening. Specially like your gender perceptions and analysis in different cultures & steered it near their political ideologies- just brilliant. More strength to you
Funny thing about Chinese. It used to be totally and completely ungendered. Chinese still does not gender nouns, verbs or adjectives. But, in the 20th century as part of “modernization” they introduced gendered pronouns for he 他, she 她 and it 它 in writing. Gendered pronouns didn’t catch on verbally, and those three still sound the same in pretty much all variants of spoken Chinese. Prior to the 20th century, 他 could mean he, she or it, so if you don’t know what context to read something in, you might mistakenly believe 他 to be a man when 他 more likely refers to an object or a concept. Anyways, what makes old Chinese pronouns challenging isn’t gender but rather Chinese honorifics. Thankfully for Chinese learners, modernization really simplified the Chinese honorifics system.
Wow! Thank you for sharing this insight, Amy!
But still its very difficult..
Nice😮😮
It's called Tha or Ta , right? I'm currently learning Mandarin and I've heard this word a lot for he or she, but when I try to look at the characters, it's so confusing. Thank you for sharing this knowledge here. I think the same goes for korean as well, maybe it's gengerless or neutral gender... these are just my thoughts
Wow, I knew that the pronounciation is same, but didn't know that they were even written the same way. Thank you!
Great! A detailed analysis on our language, I'm not a student of linguistics but I love to know about different languages how they work actually,
and your video precisely explained how a language can control our perspectives.
Thanks for sharing your knowledge.😊
Observe him speaking different languages, he speaks very normaly, but in main stream media they made fun of all the languages by just showing funny tones ... Things are not the same as we always thinks ... Every Indian language has their own heroic nature ...
There's another point I'd like to add.
In Assamese, the pronouns tai (she) and xi (he) are only reserved for people who are your equal or juniors, or someone who you're friends with. While referring to elders, seniors, authoritative figures or simply someone you don't know, "teo/tekhet" is used. Regardless of their gender. :)
There is also eiu (এওঁ)and( এগৰাকী)
@@Rex-mo8me I always felt agoraki was feminine, but glad it's not gendered
that's just like Sylheti
Honorifics is an equally complex system
Yep
In marathi we have,
स्त्रीलिंग , पुलिंग , and नंपुसकलिंग
In Bangla we also have those. স্ত্রীলিঙ্গ, পুংলিঙ্গ, ক্লীবলিঙ্গ ও উভয়লিঙ্গ
@@user-mo7qf9wt1e yes but only for nouns.. we do not have gender pronouns .. or gender verbs..
He is not talking about sexes he explaining the expression towards humans and objects
Yeah. I remember struggling with marathi
Yes but do you have pronouns and verbs that are masculine or feminine ...
Hey, you should definitely consider opening memberships. Your content is too good and I am sure there will be lots of people willing to support you.
Glad that India is diverse and we thrive in this diversity and not become boring and bland with one language and culture. We just have learn to embrace the diveristy without lowering the other (which I see a lot in the comment section, which leads to retaliation).
Amazing video! Btw there is a dialect of Kannada called "Havyaka Kannada" where gender categorization is similar to Telugu: masculine and non-masculine. Interestingly, the primary speakers of this language are towards the coastal region of Karnataka far away from any Telugu influence. I wonder how was the gender categorization in Indian languages during medieval times 🤔
Thank you for mentioning this!
ಕರ್ನಾಟಕದ ಯಾವ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಈ ಉಪಭಾಷೆಯನ್ನು ಮಾತನಾಡುತ್ತಾರೆ?
@@adityaranjanbiswal4044 ಹೆಚ್ಚಾಗಿ ಉತ್ತರ ಕನ್ನಡ, ಶಿವಮೊಗ್ಗ, ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಕನ್ನಡ ಹಾಗೂ ಕಾಸರಗೋಡು. ಈ ಉಪಭಾಷೆಯು ಹಳೆಗನ್ನಡದ ಕೆಲವು ಶಬ್ದ ಮತ್ತು ವ್ಯಾಕರಣವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ. ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಇದು ಕನ್ನಡಕ್ಕಿಂತ ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟವಾಗಿ ಕಾಣಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತದೆ.
@@nagabhushanganeshhegde5292 ಉತ್ತರ ಮತ್ತು ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಕನ್ನಡದ ಭಟ್ಟರಲ್ಲಿ ಈ ಉಪಭಾಷೆಯು ಜನಪ್ರಿಯವಾಗಿರಬೇಕು ಎಂದು ನಾನು ಭಾವಿಸುತ್ತೇನೆ.
@@adityaranjanbiswal4044 ಹಾ ಹೌದು.
I am a Bengali . I learnt Hindi for 5 years but even now I confused about the gender of anything. Very confusing... 😅
now it becomes clear to me the classical stereotype of South Indians “ Tola Tola Hindi Aata” lmao
My mind is blown!!! One of the most interesting and influential videos I have seen on this platform. Thank you @India in Pixels, for bringing this content.
As a native Tamil speaker and an NLP enthusiast, this video spoke to my soul! Man, your Tami'zh' is on point! Kudos! Love from Tamilnadu! ☺️❤️
It was really nice that he pronounced the zh sound when reading the Tamil words.
But the same zh sound in Malayalam he replaced with L 😅😅
@Meenakshi S
Same....I was also thinking the same
In Tagalog, we don't have grammatical gender. When we speak of the pronouns of English, we always say 'she' mistakenly instead of 'he' since it's near 'siya' which is our translation of 'her' in Tagalog. Also, its easier on the tongue too.
What we do have that are close to grammatical gender are a bunch of loanwords with assigned gender from Spanish like 'labandera' laundry woman, or 'sorbetero' ice cream man. We can change the ending from the feminine '-a' to a masculine '-o' and vice versa but it always feels off since the words themselves have some psychologically-attached meaning and expectation that the one who does laundry is feminine or the one who sells ice cream is masculine.
Austronesian (which Tagalog belongs to) and other Asian languages almost always have no grammatical gender. The a and o suffix is from Spanish.
Indonesian don't have such gender on things or tools. Therefore, it's kinda hard to imagine why certain things or tools have gender. Once more, Indonesian don't gender third person (even things/tools) pronouns. We simply call "dia" for he/she/it. Moreover, for calling siblings we don't call it according gender like brother or sister, we use "kakak" for the older and "adik" for the younger.
@@FF-ds9xw also an Austronesian language, so will have similar features.
@@ANTSEMUT1 shouldn't be other Asian language but more like East and Southeast Asian languages. I think Chinese, Japanese, and Korean don't have genders in their language as well.
Hate to understand that even Foreigners interested in watching the languages of India.
Incredible how your accent in so many languages is so natural!
Your explanation of topics is impeccable! I found you randomly on my home page and now i can’t leave