Succulent Propagation Tips for LEAVES & CUTTINGS

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  • Опубликовано: 2 янв 2025

Комментарии • 153

  • @adrianagiorgatzis3465
    @adrianagiorgatzis3465 3 года назад +17

    When you said "i'm sure you have something better to do than watch my video" I laughed, literally binge watching them for the millionth time.

  • @coneflower5101
    @coneflower5101 2 года назад +5

    I never get tired of watching your love of succulents videos. I watch them over and over because you are so helpful in how to grow and propagate them . I love learning their names as well. Keep the videos coming. You are pleasant and entertaining .

  • @valishaportelli9634
    @valishaportelli9634 3 года назад +1

    Good evening Liz , thanks for showing all your lovely babies.

  • @MeDusa68
    @MeDusa68 3 года назад +1

    I love starting my day with my cuppa coffee and a new video from you!! . ❤🌵

  • @Lisa-zi8dj
    @Lisa-zi8dj 3 года назад +1

    Oh wow so many propagation going on. Love all variegated babies too. I hope they will grow big, strong and beautiful for you Liz.
    Now makes me want to headnchop all my succulents...LOL.

  • @mr.beacon0126
    @mr.beacon0126 3 года назад +2

    Actually I enjoy watching your Video Especially while i'm Potting.......Watching here in the Philippines

  • @PlantyMessyHypsie
    @PlantyMessyHypsie 3 года назад +3

    Hi Liz. Thank you for this video! I’m a newbie. Started 4 months ago and now I have 40 succulents! I have a problem 😆 I’m in NY and have them indoors, most under a grow light. I would love a video on your beautiful indoor pots/planters! Thank you, you have taught me so much.

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  3 года назад +1

      Hope the video below is what you're looking for. Thanks for watching.
      INDOOR PLANTS & SUCCULENT TOUR June 2021 - ruclips.net/video/jWAqvcF1Fro/видео.html

    • @PlantyMessyHypsie
      @PlantyMessyHypsie 3 года назад

      @@GrowingSucculentswithLizK Thank you! You are such a joy. Merry Christmas 🎄 🕊 🌸

  • @FaithandFun-w6q
    @FaithandFun-w6q 3 года назад +1

    Fascinating 💞 Thank you for sharing friend.. 🙏 keep it up! Well done!

  • @naesalang1
    @naesalang1 3 года назад +1

    I wanted to give you an update. I started propagating your way and it's the only way that has worked. I have so many pups right now and it's exciting. I have a few that didn't but the majority of in them did. Thanks Liz.

  • @jaycee2888
    @jaycee2888 3 года назад +2

    Tita, you've given us the courage to Chop Chop Chop 😂
    I'm now handing over our "succulent chopper" to my brother to do the deed. 🤣

  • @sarahg282
    @sarahg282 3 года назад +2

    You are so full of information and and passion 🥰 very inspiring

  • @honielynmangoba9070
    @honielynmangoba9070 3 года назад +1

    Watching your video got so much learning on how to take care of them. Thanks and God bless!

  • @panicmosem5969
    @panicmosem5969 3 года назад +2

    "It looks like a mess, but it's not a mess!" 🤣🤣 you sound like me!!

  • @jillianleblanc9370
    @jillianleblanc9370 3 года назад +1

    Good morning to you vary nice succulents they all so beautiful and amazing succulents collection lovely

  • @juneeng1652
    @juneeng1652 3 года назад

    Looking forward to watch you next video

  • @kanyabarber3135
    @kanyabarber3135 3 года назад +2

    Doing great work Liz

  • @xnicolenoble
    @xnicolenoble 2 года назад +3

    No one’s allowed to touch my plants 😂
    I felt that soo much!🤣🤣

  • @jyotikagonsalves6505
    @jyotikagonsalves6505 3 года назад

    Yaayyyy a long video 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻
    I can’t imagine how you look after so many babies & that too without any casualties 😁😜
    Please do a video in the garden..... it’s been a long time 😄
    THANK YOU

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  3 года назад +1

      I just bought some materials today after our COVID lockdown. Hope to start working on it again.

  • @swatigokhale9495
    @swatigokhale9495 3 года назад +2

    Hellooo.. i was away on a road trip after two years for two weeks. And guess what am i doing as soon as i am back home. Binge watching all ur vdos! Love them. Thank you so much. They r practical, informative and also warm and filled with mirth!!

  • @sofiacastillo1533
    @sofiacastillo1533 3 года назад +1

    Just started watching and now can’t stop 😍✨ hope to someday have a collection like yours!!! Greetings from México

  • @siewleanchoong8625
    @siewleanchoong8625 3 года назад

    It's so exciting to see all the propagation succulents, lots are going on there! The variegated ones are beautiful! I am not brave enough to raise the variegated ones because they need extra care, but I heard the subsessilis variegated is not so sensitive. If you are willing to let go one of them, please consider me. 🥰
    Looking forward to meeting you 💞

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  3 года назад +1

      It's gonna take a while(6 months) but I'll put aside one for you.

    • @siewleanchoong8625
      @siewleanchoong8625 3 года назад

      @@GrowingSucculentswithLizK I definitely want to wait, thank you so much, Liz! 🥰😘

  • @mannysayson3293
    @mannysayson3293 3 года назад +1

    Ohhhhh woowwww
    Seeds please madam 😂😅
    Watching from Cebu Philippines 🥰

  • @qgpassionplants6118
    @qgpassionplants6118 3 года назад +1

    Wow 😮 wonderful plants 🌱…. Pretty 😍 I love ❤️ It…..😍🥰

  • @alenamorrow6707
    @alenamorrow6707 3 года назад +1

    🌸🌸🌸Good Day🌸🌸🌸

  • @henriettafenelalongbuan8382
    @henriettafenelalongbuan8382 Год назад

    Thank you for the Helpful tips... This is Henny from the northern part of the Philippines.

  • @megancao9250
    @megancao9250 3 года назад +3

    Good morning Liz. Could you do a video where you harvast pups that's grown from a headchopped stem? I had a few headchopped and frost damaged succulents that have grown so many pups, they are about the size of 2 dollar coins and already squeezing each other. Should I cut them off the stem? Thanks

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  3 года назад +2

      Wait till they show some roots, then cut away. I'm working on that video ATM and hope to have it finished next week. Cheers

    • @rcwaters22ify
      @rcwaters22ify 2 года назад

      Did you get that video uploaded? What’s the name of that one? I’d love to watch it! I have similar questions as well!

  • @jeanine6492
    @jeanine6492 3 года назад +1

    Wow Liz, just amazing! I’m so sad as I lost 90% of my succulents over winter in my move from Canberra to Orange NSW, I’m so upset

  • @vaniawhitfield6486
    @vaniawhitfield6486 3 года назад +1

    Awesome always

  • @andreatanaka1145
    @andreatanaka1145 3 года назад +1

    I love all your videos

  • @petermcardle2031
    @petermcardle2031 3 года назад +1

    Hi Liz🤗Great work👍❤️

  • @Kaalamansahalamanathayop
    @Kaalamansahalamanathayop 2 года назад +2

    the light colors guys!

  • @hollymahler8213
    @hollymahler8213 Год назад

    Hi from Texas:) I love your collection, personality and knowledge about so many things. The videos where you leave things out in the cold for months still always blows my mind!
    I do tend to water a lot more than other people making them too green.
    I am having trouble with the red birds /cardnals bitting the leaves of certain plants especially my recently decreased mothers favorite plant the ghost plant (it was huge before our record freeze that killed 99% of it when she was alive...I took tiny pieces and wanted to grow them and give them back to her but the birds devoured most and it also was not growing fast.
    Anyway do you have a bird problem or solution?..I know you can feel my pain of losing this plant.

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  Год назад

      The reason I grow succulents is to put them out in the garden open to the elements, with the least amount of care due to my "always away lifestyle". 😂 Texas I believe is a more suitable place to grow most of these succulents due to milder winters compared to us here in Canberra, Australia.
      I too have bird problems to a certain degree. I placed some BBQ sticks on the pots and that has deterred most of them. The persistent small birds will try to bite some colorful succulents once(they must think they're berries), but left them alone after finding out they're not food. Wishing you all the best with your babies. Cheers

  • @romildasantos5486
    @romildasantos5486 Год назад

    Maravilhosa sua coleção 😊 linda coloração 🙏😘

  • @andreaschumann1305
    @andreaschumann1305 2 года назад

    ❤️❤️❤️❤️ 👍🏽👍🏽 😍😍😍😍 have a bless day it's night in Jamaica

  • @jtidema
    @jtidema Год назад

    I'm always jealous that you can keep your plants outdoors at all! I have given up a bedroom to make a 'plant room' and other plants are scattered around the house - I have to switch them out from time to time so that everyone gets some time under the lights. Zone 6 and humid is not a happy place for succulents unfortunately. But I love spending time fussing with them!

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  Год назад +1

      Growing succulent outdoors is not a choice for me but more a necessity. I frequently go away fishing and fossicking for gold and gems for months on end. Leaving mother nature to look after them is a much better option for me.
      We've had wet and humid weather last couple of years and some plants have experienced root rotting. I just changed my soil to suit the weather and they are now all loving it. Been growing succulents for 7 years and my plants have experienced drought, heat, too much rain, frost, humidity and neglect. I've learned that different genus of succulents does require different types of soil mix. I have to change my soil mix according to the weather.

  • @mareelonghurst1934
    @mareelonghurst1934 Год назад

    This is a very helpful video❤

  • @donabellahardeneravlogs790
    @donabellahardeneravlogs790 2 года назад

    Very cute potted succulents 😊

  • @adelacoburn1396
    @adelacoburn1396 3 года назад +1

    Seeing all your starts, are a delight for me. I hope the weather gets better for you and your plants. ;)

  • @Crystal-be9ze
    @Crystal-be9ze 2 года назад +2

    In the U.S we can get V. Mrs. Richards for $25 for one head I think price depends on how strict the country importation laws are that plays a role in price. Can you please tell me how far your lights are from the plants and how long do you keep lights on?

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  2 года назад +1

      This one is 600mm away. You can get them closer and they will color up more but will lessen the area scope of the light. Less space/light for other plants.

  • @SkindoctorMd
    @SkindoctorMd 3 года назад

    Hi Liz, that is variegated oregano i think... the one with minted smell. i have one here in phil

  • @Ghostfarms
    @Ghostfarms Год назад

    Awesome video and insight..I already have grow lights , how many hours of light are you giving them

  • @saradhuly4776
    @saradhuly4776 3 года назад +1

    Adorando seus vídeos! Estou cultivando sementes de Lithops na luz Grow também

  • @joven8757
    @joven8757 3 года назад +1

    Hi Lisk,are tiny leaves succulents are really originated from tiny mommy or they are just in very tiny pot to stiffle growth.Thank You so much sweet lady.🙏

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  3 года назад

      Succulents just like people or animals comes in different variety, therefore different sizes. And you're correct in your analysis, one can make large species of succulents stay small by withholding soil amount using small pots. If they're neglected(not watered), this can also keep them small. Thanks for watching.

  • @godisgood8234
    @godisgood8234 2 года назад

    Hey Liz remember me in Jamaica. when you are giving away. l still love you very much.

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  2 года назад

      I thought about it but it would be unfair to those who are not in Australia. Thanks for watching.

  • @albertmarkpunzalan2157
    @albertmarkpunzalan2157 Год назад

    When you said give aways o wa😍😍😍

  • @jenniferjusay4672
    @jenniferjusay4672 3 года назад +1

    Done watchng mam lizk😊😊😊

  • @jovelyncatampao6782
    @jovelyncatampao6782 2 года назад

    Nice kaau imong erea mam pra sa propagation mam.

  • @mewmew1145
    @mewmew1145 3 года назад +1

    Hey so I’m not sure if you’d be able to help me but you seem to be very experienced in the world of succulents and cacti. So long story short, my easter lily cactus hasn’t been doing well. I’ve had it for years without any problems but suddenly it ended up with what I believe is some type of fungal infection. It has black patches of skin that have brown circles around them and I have tried to remove them with a knife but every time I have they came right back. I have treated the plant with fungicide as well but that didn’t seem to do anything. The black parts have spread even more now but the strange thing is that the inside of the plant looks completely healthy with no discoloration and so do the roots when I checked them.

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  3 года назад

      Thanks for the vote of confidence but unfortunately my Cactus are either Live or Die. Maybe others can share their experience. Best of luck.

  • @nicko31
    @nicko31 3 года назад +2

    hi po Ms. Liz quick question lang po about jellybean succulent... the soil is dry naman po like very dry and its fall here in Canada I was wondering why my jellybean suddenly turned transluscent and started the leaves falling 😕

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  3 года назад +1

      When a plant needs to drink and they can't get water, they will go translucent/rot so they can water themselves. Give it a good soaking and it should perk up and stop eating itself.

    • @nicko31
      @nicko31 3 года назад

      ang galing niyo po talaga thanks miss Liz the reason why my plants are still with me its because I'm watching your channel every now and then. Thanks a lot po God bless and ingat po palagi

  • @edithearwood5901
    @edithearwood5901 3 года назад +1

    Hello Liz, just finished watching ur video of growing succulents from seeds. I am empress. How do u harvest the seeds? I mean wait till its all dried up? I want to try to grow from my flowers. Also I want to know if u sell Agavoides Romeo. If so how much each? I look in our local nursery non available. I would like to buy 2-3 from u. Thanks!

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  3 года назад

      I don't have any to sell at the moment. Below is the link to the video harvest. Cheers
      HARVESTING & DRYING SUCCULENT SEEDS - ruclips.net/video/JxWl5XVI9ZI/видео.html

  • @litalfrenkel1024
    @litalfrenkel1024 Год назад

    Hey Liz after you harvest the leaves and put them to dry without soil, how they develope roots? Are you expose them to water at some point?

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  Год назад +2

      I air dry them. Once the roots grow, I plant them in my propagation mix. Hope this video below helps.
      Succulent Leaves NO SOIL Propagation | HOW TO AIR PROPAGATE SUCCULENTS - ruclips.net/video/J-OPrTMrHA0/видео.html
      SUCCULENT PROPAGATION SOIL MIX - ruclips.net/video/Q-XEjJFUGVI/видео.html

  • @michellechapman6839
    @michellechapman6839 2 года назад

    Liz.. my Ruby necklace is turning red and blooming...it's Nov 2022!!!

  • @susanfusuma6472
    @susanfusuma6472 2 года назад

    Aloha Liz, what is that beautiful coral colored top dressing you use on some of your succulents, and where do you get it from?

  • @gisellesusca3117
    @gisellesusca3117 2 года назад +1

    Hi Liz! Where doo you buy your succulents from? Would you recommend buying directly from Korea?

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  2 года назад +1

      I get my plants from nurseries and collectors near me. I would love to buy succulents from other countries but we have strict quarantine laws here in Australia.

  • @rohitdas2579
    @rohitdas2579 3 года назад +1

    Hello mam, can cheap grow light helps to grow succulent or propagation?

  • @jennifercronk4086
    @jennifercronk4086 Год назад

    So you can propagate without soil? Is it a good idea for a grow light if I have a sunny window? I am propagating in a shallow container, good succ soil. I'm seeing yellowing, dehydrated petals. Not one is showing roots in 3 wks. Is this normal?

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  Год назад +1

      Depends on the succulent. Ones with thin leaves will only grow from inflorescence stem, seeds or beheading.

  • @michellemtucker8468
    @michellemtucker8468 9 месяцев назад

    Do you ha e an update on West Rainbow leaf prop? Do they grow varigated? Got my first one and the bunny did a chop chop after 3 days...now i have a halfer 😢
    Also is summer dormant ?

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  9 месяцев назад +1

      Leaf props tends to revert and I've given up on my west rainbow. Too high maintenance for my liking.😒 They are summer dormant and winter dormant. Mine only grows well under the grow light.

    • @michellemtucker8468
      @michellemtucker8468 8 месяцев назад

      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK thank you for your feedback. Yes I hear they are very much diva. Well she's probably not going to like the hot sun this summer, that's a bummer, she is so pretty. I may have to get a grow light 🙉

  • @zboxez2ivoryunicorn918
    @zboxez2ivoryunicorn918 3 года назад +2

    When do you stop giving your leaf growing plant water

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  3 года назад +1

      Never. Rule of thumb... Only water when they need watering. That is when the soil is dry or the pot is light. Will be doing a more in-depth video on this topic.

  • @bobbiechinn9578
    @bobbiechinn9578 2 года назад +2

    "Laura Eubanks reporting......and this is the succulent news." Lol

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  2 года назад +1

      I haven't watch any of her videos for a long while. Better go and take a look.

    • @bobbiechinn9578
      @bobbiechinn9578 2 года назад

      @@GrowingSucculentswithLizK somehow this comment showed up on your channel but I know I put it on Laura Eubanks channel! Lol very odd!?!?

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  2 года назад +2

      @@bobbiechinn9578 I'm glad it did. I just watch one of her videos and I got some content idea from it. Thanks!

  • @cynthiachambliss4752
    @cynthiachambliss4752 2 года назад

    Can you use a root hormone to get the plant to root even without them having nodes

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  2 года назад

      The soft stem I find tend to dry out till the point of a hard stem section. Taking cutting of a young plant(toddler) has less chance of growing roots even with a root hormone.

  • @carmenmcginnis9022
    @carmenmcginnis9022 3 года назад +1

    Do you plant all your plants in just pebbles?

  • @syuhadaradzi4157
    @syuhadaradzi4157 3 года назад +1

    Minutes 8:00 and 9:40 are every succulent parent's problem🤣😂😘😘

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  3 года назад +1

      The dry leaves are all natural. It will happen if they are harvested when there's frost. In the best of time when harvested, one will never get 100% strike rate.

  • @analyngayo6479
    @analyngayo6479 3 года назад

    See you😍😍😘

  • @renattatabalujan9259
    @renattatabalujan9259 Год назад

    With the cuttings, can you just leave it like that or you need to plant them straight into soil?

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  Год назад

      Depending on the plant/variety, you'll need to at least let them dry up for a couple of hours before touching wet/moist soil.

  • @rheashumblesanctuary9976
    @rheashumblesanctuary9976 3 года назад

    Te I thought I was mad on putting all my plants inside at our tables and drawer top lol like we have to eat on one small space coz the plants took over

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  3 года назад

      This is in our formal lounge and dining area that we hardly use. So I turned it into my "Studio." 😂

  • @jackiedavenport1530
    @jackiedavenport1530 Год назад

    Seaweed Solution??
    Do you have a video about this seaweed solution?

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  Год назад +1

      Here's a video link below. Thanks for watching. Cheers
      How to Grow Strong & Colorful SUCCULENTS - Pest, Heat & Frost RESISTANT - ruclips.net/video/RbMCrUAbSoE/видео.html

  • @andreaschumann1305
    @andreaschumann1305 2 года назад

    Good morning to you miss ? How can I get the seeds to buy .. I live in Jamaica

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  2 года назад

      Just uploaded a video plant haul from a local seller that sells seeds. Link below for her website.
      www.floplantcreations.com.au/

  • @marielle2213
    @marielle2213 3 года назад +1

    Can you take us to your local garden shop sometimes?

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  3 года назад

      Where I buy my Indoor Plants & Succulents | BLISS GARDEN & GIFTWARE - ruclips.net/video/pONapbuEOhc/видео.html

  • @michelledejesus196
    @michelledejesus196 2 года назад +1

    Hi tita. I'm a long time lurker on your channel. I'm so jealous of your collection. I just started with succulents and I wish I would have a collection like you someday when I can afford them lol . I'm in Qld.

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  2 года назад +3

      A thousand miles begins with a single step. I have a few years head start already. You'll eventually get there. One step at a time.🥰

  • @taniaeyden5715
    @taniaeyden5715 2 года назад

    Hi Liz.di you remove your plant when you see mielie bugs on it?I mean away from plants that have none?

  • @nymphamunasque711
    @nymphamunasque711 3 года назад +1

    Maam Liz wg mo ako klimutan pg mamigay kna ng seeds. D2 ako sa Phillipines

  • @marissarodriguezgabriel936
    @marissarodriguezgabriel936 3 года назад +1

  • @mrsonamyeshi
    @mrsonamyeshi 2 года назад

    You already have lots of succulents and still you are collecting wow...

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  2 года назад +4

      According to Sheryl Crow song...If it makes you happy, It can't be that bad.😁

    • @mrsonamyeshi
      @mrsonamyeshi 2 года назад +1

      @@GrowingSucculentswithLizK yes you r right... I am happy with u too.. .. Happy to see all of ur plants and your energy to make it look even better.. love

  • @michaeld.3779
    @michaeld.3779 4 месяца назад

    I'm confused. Some of the heads you keep in the air, or don't water for fear of rot. But others, you soak for long periods of time.

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  3 месяца назад

      When freshly cut, they need to callous over before touching water. Once it's dried off/callous off, you can put in water to grow roots. When plants with roots are dehydrated, you can soak in water to perk them up. Leaves with no roots, no water. When plant(leaves with pups and root) is young, they need a lot of water to grow fast. After they reach a certain age or fatness, they can't take in anymore water and that's why they rot if given water when they don't need it. Hope this helps.🥰

    • @michaeld.3779
      @michaeld.3779 3 месяца назад

      @@GrowingSucculentswithLizK thank you so much for your teachings!

  • @dayeolmung
    @dayeolmung 3 года назад +1

    like~~~~~~~~~~

  • @TuyetNguyen-kz9um
    @TuyetNguyen-kz9um 3 года назад +1

    Hi can you sale some for me iam just beginning learning how to plant succulents. And iam love it thanks 💗💗💗

  • @nymphamunasque711
    @nymphamunasque711 3 года назад +1

    Ate Liz wg mo ako klimutan khit seeds lng po please

  • @adriennekong4033
    @adriennekong4033 3 года назад +1

    Thank you for sharing your knowledge . I really want to watch all your videos , but I got motion sickness for watching just few minutes. Is there a way that you don’t move your camera so vigorously. 😊

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  3 года назад

      Sorry for my poor camera work Adrienne. In the past two and a half months, I've been using a new camera and find the videos more stable than my earlier videos. Thanks for watching.

    • @coneflower5101
      @coneflower5101 2 года назад

      You can slow the video down under the wheel symbol. might help.

  • @theeye-ns1ch
    @theeye-ns1ch 3 года назад +1

    too many man made hybrids, keep it species only i say

    • @GrowingSucculentswithLizK
      @GrowingSucculentswithLizK  3 года назад +5

      If people kept to species only, we would have missed out on a lot of the foods we eat today like Banana, watermelon, carrots, corn, potatoes, peaches just to mention a few. Thanks for watching.