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Now you have two, try feeding one with a steady 40KHz sine wave, and the other with a sine wave which varies between 40 and 43Khz - at the intersection of the two (inaudible) beams, you should be able to hear a demodulated beat frequency signal 0-3KHz as they mix on your eardrum - you might need to hold a diaphragm up to test. Then you truly will have a pinpoint speaker, where audio is only heard at a single spot, not along a beam/cone
I bet copying the circular layout would increase your efficiency quite a bit. In a square array like that I'm sure many of your transducers are destructively interfering with each other.
All of the speakers are wired in parallel, acting like an array of point sources on a common plane, where the amplitude in the common direction is additive and the other directions mostly cancel out. The speakers at the corners are going to cancel less efficiently, causing more audio leakage to the sides. However, that leakage will be a tiny fraction of the overall output power. So, while it would improve the leakage noticeably, I doubt that it would increase the forward amplitude noticeably.
If they're all firing in-sync, then none of them would destructively interfere on the straight-forward path. (Assuming whatever they hit is much further away than the ultrasound wavelength which we can be effectively certain of). The large square spacing will lead to a more sharp central peak - but generally worse forward transmission, and side peaks
I experienced it at an art event during the biennial in Istanbul 5 years ago. Whisper-like conversations were coming from the upper floor of an old wooden house to an area in front of the house. The person standing right next to it couldn't hear. It's quite an intense experience. I think this technology is used in airports and train stations to prevent announcements from echoing and overlapping. It's directed straight down from the ceiling onto the passengers.
I am working on a similar project. I think you can increase you DIY power output by Matching a Power inductor to the Capacitance of the Ultrasonic transmitters.
Nintendo had these in the Wii U game controller. The only game I know used it for sure was Star Fox. When someone would talk over the radio to you, it sounded like you were wearing some kind of earpiece. Made the chatter sound like it was directly inside you ear.. was so cool and weird at the same time.
Really? Awesome fun fact! Nintendo actually kind of inspired this video. I watched a video about their Nintendo Museum exhibition in Tokay and they use directional speakers there as well to playback some 8bit Music when you are in front of the game.
There's loads of teardowns of the wii U gamepad but they just have regular tiny speakers. Starfox mustve just used some surround sound type trickery (delay/phase trickery)
We had one at our art college, in the form of a 2' x 2' ceiling tile. If you stood directly under it the audio was very clear. Walk away and it was inaudible. The problem was that down a corridor and around a bend more than 100' or 30m away, the audio was also audible and a lot of people thought they were hearing voices. We retired the speaker, which was never used again. Thanks for the fun video!
The remote beam scattering effect is cool. It would make for great effects in a haunted house or Halloween display, where you can project spooky sounds to unexpected places.
You could take it one step further and add beamforming/steering. Would require a lot more electronics though. I.e. one amplifier per set of speakers (7 for 1D, or 49 for 2D)
This speaker array is just the audio equivalent of the phased array radar which uses wave interference to beam energy. By timing the signal you may even be able to direct the beam in different directions.
If the speakers turn into a cone at distance it's because the focal length isn't right for the range. You could make a kind of static satellite dish frame that has a finite range on the focus point. You could also make some kind of frame that can be changed on the fly that would be able to focus its sound at a number of ranges, maybe even have a range finder mounted on it to have further accuracy.
To further combat the cone you can place 2 more diy speaker 1 on left and 1 on right both will play sound 180 degree phase shifted looking someting like oOo the arer where it will intersect will cancle out and only the place which will be not intesecting will be herd hence the final target will look something like 0 here zero means narrow O so less spreading pattern. Great work by the way.
What is amazing is how well this simple beam steering array works with JaBoS, Just a Bunch of Speakers wired in parallel. No active time delay based phasing in the array itself.
These were hyped for nightclubs where the music was only loud on the dancefloor but could be shut off elsewhere so people could talk and to help with noise abatement problems in adjoining properties. Additional multidirectional (traditional) speakers could be used throughout the club to provide low level atmospheric music if required. I don't know if it actually ever took off.
Yea, it's 5x the price, because people think it's magic. I had my neighbor point one to me for years playing fly buzzing noises. He thought it was funny and that I would not realize it's merely directional speakers. It's been around since the 90s.
These directional speakers are like magic, first seen them in Bologna's Salaborsa library, where they were playing different, short documentaries on multiple screens. You could only hear the audio when directly in front of the display.
i wonder if it is possible / feasible to add some sort of beam steering if the transducers are driven individually. Add a camera and now the Music could follow someone :) Might get fairly complex though.
@@greatscottlab And maybe, additionally one could use the piezo transducers to sense the distance to said target. Maybe creating a speaker that always stays at constant volume, independant of where one stands. This might be a project for @bitluni
@themacbookgamer yep, thats what i was thinking. Electronic beam forming like with a phased array. Just instead of using it for object detection, for directional audio. Could be used for all types of shenanigans... imagine standing in a shop and get targeted with personalized audio ads.
I work with guided waves for non-destrutive testing. We have some phased piezo arrays but use them not for directional steering but to excite differtent wave modes in our samples. I wonder if i could use such an array to steer soundwaves. I know it is done for ultrasonic frequencys but i think the lower frequencys would take much more room and energy to work properly
Very Good video, i have tinkered for a while with such speakers. If you are able to control the phase of each transducer then a whole world opens up!! By controlling transducer phase you can make whatever you want with your beam, like angle it to whatever angle or reduce the sidelobe amplitudes. Another very cool application is acoustic levitation of very light particles, even though i was never able to reach it. Have made a board with 4x4 transducers(the same as yours, bought on ali) in which each transducer is driven by a 4427 gate driver... Maybe it is super technical but if you had fun, this may be even funnier for you. Great video as always.
Because the transducers resonate at 40khz, by using PWM you are actually AM modulating the signal because instead of low passing the PWM for retrieving the low frequency component, you are narrow bandpass filtering (about 4kHZ) so you get a 40khz sinewave with a 4khz bandwidth AM modulation.
Individually controlling the elements, or perhaps rings of them, might allow you to tighten up the sound cone by applying phase offsets to focus the beam.
Until recently museums had speakers in perspex domes to focus the sound downwards so that you could only hear the commentary/noise when you were standing directly underneath.
Acoustic levitation is done with a similar setup but each speaker can be individually controlled in that case which allows lightweight objects to be moved around in six degrees of freedom.
wonder if it would be possible to make the speakers on edge act like a Active noise cancelling speakers by playing an opposite wave to those that are in center , will it be much more directional.
Wow, this is very cool. This means with a software tracking you, you can play sounds only you can hear. Cool. For example in a UN meeting where 50 or more different languages are translated this can be used to broadcast live translation to attending people. Very cool indeed.
With your 4 empty PCB, you could try to populate them at 25% and arrange them in a double size / same power transmitter to compare the range / directivity
Hello, May I ask what kind of a solid wire are you using when doing perf-board soldering - diameter and material of wire? And where can I buy some? Thank you for good content.
I've been wanting to try something similar since I heard about these things, so thanks for the video! Curious why you went with a rectangular grid instead of the circular arrangement of the original. Also, what about driving them in smaller groups (or individually) and creating a steerable phased array?
I highly reccommend the video from The Thought Emporium about echolocation and phased arrays, where they explain this type of speaker a little bit more in detail (really just a little more) and try to navigate blindfolded in a room wearing such a speaker.
It used sine wave probably due to electromagnetic compatibility, your version pumps several amps of square wave through several cm wires, which must be RF nightmare.
I think the parallel connetion between the speakers can be a problem. The components are not exactly the same, so I think some speaker got more power than another, messing up the results.
I always love that "cost of parts is lower than whole product" while ignoring labour a cost of all the tools. Plus is it a DIY when you are kinda professional? 😀 (Like I know, you've made that yourself)
I would love to see some experiment videos about which wireless audio transmission method is the best. Recently, I saw the DIY Perks video with the wireless surround system. I'm more curious about whether his laser TOSLINK method is truly the best or are there any better way to send out an audio.
is the audio quality much worse or the same as audfly's Diresctional Speaker
Час назад
I'm not sure why, but the speaker you linked (~€250) contains 63 transmitters, while the one you received and are presenting in the video contains only 49. Could it be that they sent you a different (possibly cheaper) model?
Try and pause at 8:00, the price of the speakers is a bit confusing...is it 10 pieces for 20 euros, or 50 pieces for 2x 20 euros or what? It's not clear how much they cost, at least to me.
Please explain the working: humans can not hear frequencies above 20kHz. So, you can’t hear 40kHz. And therefore, when you modulate a 40kHz signal, you will not be able to hear the modulated signal. How does it work? What am I missing?
I've recently 3D printed a holder for 37 circular arragned transmitters. I want to design it in a megaphone style and having some preloaded sound files to fire up virtual mosquitos at people 😀
Synonyms for "this thing" This device This gadget This piece of tech This unit This contraption This product This invention This apparatus This doohickey This whatchamacallit
Can you please make a drone using esp 32 and also tell how to make it's controller remote A condition the project should be budget friendly (under $25) It is for my science exhibition which is going to conduct in March month so please fulfill my requirement
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Now you have two, try feeding one with a steady 40KHz sine wave, and the other with a sine wave which varies between 40 and 43Khz - at the intersection of the two (inaudible) beams, you should be able to hear a demodulated beat frequency signal 0-3KHz as they mix on your eardrum - you might need to hold a diaphragm up to test. Then you truly will have a pinpoint speaker, where audio is only heard at a single spot, not along a beam/cone
Sounds like a fun experiment ;-)
Freaky!
@@greatscottlab can you create a directional microphone to capture directional speakers 🤔
Man you gotta do it. Would be amazing if it works @@greatscottlab
It wouldn't be one spot it would be a series of spots along the convergence points.
I bet copying the circular layout would increase your efficiency quite a bit. In a square array like that I'm sure many of your transducers are destructively interfering with each other.
All of the speakers are wired in parallel, acting like an array of point sources on a common plane, where the amplitude in the common direction is additive and the other directions mostly cancel out. The speakers at the corners are going to cancel less efficiently, causing more audio leakage to the sides. However, that leakage will be a tiny fraction of the overall output power. So, while it would improve the leakage noticeably, I doubt that it would increase the forward amplitude noticeably.
If they're all firing in-sync, then none of them would destructively interfere on the straight-forward path. (Assuming whatever they hit is much further away than the ultrasound wavelength which we can be effectively certain of).
The large square spacing will lead to a more sharp central peak - but generally worse forward transmission, and side peaks
I experienced it at an art event during the biennial in Istanbul 5 years ago. Whisper-like conversations were coming from the upper floor of an old wooden house to an area in front of the house. The person standing right next to it couldn't hear. It's quite an intense experience. I think this technology is used in airports and train stations to prevent announcements from echoing and overlapping. It's directed straight down from the ceiling onto the passengers.
Thanks for the feedback :-)
I am working on a similar project. I think you can increase you DIY power output by Matching a Power inductor to the Capacitance of the Ultrasonic transmitters.
Yep, building up an LC resonance circuit should boost the power.
Do it!!!
I don't know much about electronics but my 5 year old got me into your videos- we are both learning a lot thank you so much!
That is awesome!
Nintendo had these in the Wii U game controller. The only game I know used it for sure was Star Fox. When someone would talk over the radio to you, it sounded like you were wearing some kind of earpiece. Made the chatter sound like it was directly inside you ear.. was so cool and weird at the same time.
Really? Awesome fun fact! Nintendo actually kind of inspired this video. I watched a video about their Nintendo Museum exhibition in Tokay and they use directional speakers there as well to playback some 8bit Music when you are in front of the game.
@greatscottlab Really? That's a neat idea! Thanks for sharing that too!
There's loads of teardowns of the wii U gamepad but they just have regular tiny speakers. Starfox mustve just used some surround sound type trickery (delay/phase trickery)
@mystiqality Must have then.. I just rember them talking about directional sound, so that's probably what I misinterpreted then.
We had one at our art college, in the form of a 2' x 2' ceiling tile. If you stood directly under it the audio was very clear. Walk away and it was inaudible. The problem was that down a corridor and around a bend more than 100' or 30m away, the audio was also audible and a lot of people thought they were hearing voices. We retired the speaker, which was never used again. Thanks for the fun video!
The remote beam scattering effect is cool. It would make for great effects in a haunted house or Halloween display, where you can project spooky sounds to unexpected places.
You could take it one step further and add beamforming/steering. Would require a lot more electronics though. I.e. one amplifier per set of speakers (7 for 1D, or 49 for 2D)
You can make a beamformer with mosfets or an h-bridge using PWM, as long as you have enough GPIOs for each element or row, or use a shift register.
This speaker array is just the audio equivalent of the phased array radar which uses wave interference to beam energy. By timing the signal you may even be able to direct the beam in different directions.
Bitluni has a great video on that ;-)
divide the ultrasonic modules into sections, assign deferent frequency range. hope that will make it better
If the speakers turn into a cone at distance it's because the focal length isn't right for the range. You could make a kind of static satellite dish frame that has a finite range on the focus point. You could also make some kind of frame that can be changed on the fly that would be able to focus its sound at a number of ranges, maybe even have a range finder mounted on it to have further accuracy.
To further combat the cone you can place 2 more diy speaker 1 on left and 1 on right both will play sound 180 degree phase shifted looking someting like oOo the arer where it will intersect will cancle out and only the place which will be not intesecting will be herd hence the final target will look something like 0 here zero means narrow O so less spreading pattern. Great work by the way.
What is amazing is how well this simple beam steering array works with JaBoS, Just a Bunch of Speakers wired in parallel. No active time delay based phasing in the array itself.
These were hyped for nightclubs where the music was only loud on the dancefloor but could be shut off elsewhere so people could talk and to help with noise abatement problems in adjoining properties. Additional multidirectional (traditional) speakers could be used throughout the club to provide low level atmospheric music if required. I don't know if it actually ever took off.
Sounds like a good concept on paper. However after hearing my directional speakers, I think the audio quality is too bad for night clubs.....
Also bass travels elsewhere. And. Bass is the most important part of club music.
True
@michaela.754 The bass can be controlled using a cardioid setup and regular speakers - and often is done so.
@michaela.754 bass isn't too annoying, so it's okay to use normal speakers for it
and i was wondering how these work, thanks for another great video!
Yea, it's 5x the price, because people think it's magic.
I had my neighbor point one to me for years playing fly buzzing noises. He thought it was funny and that I would not realize it's merely directional speakers.
It's been around since the 90s.
😂😂😂 Something Borat might do to his neighbor. 😅
Combine with a face tracking software and motor you can send messages to any specific individual in a large space, pretty smart.
These directional speakers are like magic, first seen them in Bologna's Salaborsa library, where they were playing different, short documentaries on multiple screens. You could only hear the audio when directly in front of the display.
do you use the self made jbc soldering iron or do you have a professional soldering station from jbc
At the moment I use the buy version from JBC. Mains because it saves me space on my workbench and the heat up time is faster.
I correct to say Scott made a sort of class d amp without the low pass filter?
Sorta
i wonder if it is possible / feasible to add some sort of beam steering if the transducers are driven individually. Add a camera and now the Music could follow someone :)
Might get fairly complex though.
Sounds like fun though. If you really want to annoy someone. Haha
@@greatscottlab And maybe, additionally one could use the piezo transducers to sense the distance to said target. Maybe creating a speaker that always stays at constant volume, independant of where one stands.
This might be a project for @bitluni
@@Hedrix01 Something like a phased-array radar but for sound then? Phased-array sonar?
@themacbookgamer yep, thats what i was thinking. Electronic beam forming like with a phased array.
Just instead of using it for object detection, for directional audio.
Could be used for all types of shenanigans... imagine standing in a shop and get targeted with personalized audio ads.
I work with guided waves for non-destrutive testing. We have some phased piezo arrays but use them not for directional steering but to excite differtent wave modes in our samples. I wonder if i could use such an array to steer soundwaves. I know it is done for ultrasonic frequencys but i think the lower frequencys would take much more room and energy to work properly
Very Good video, i have tinkered for a while with such speakers. If you are able to control the phase of each transducer then a whole world opens up!!
By controlling transducer phase you can make whatever you want with your beam, like angle it to whatever angle or reduce the sidelobe amplitudes.
Another very cool application is acoustic levitation of very light particles, even though i was never able to reach it.
Have made a board with 4x4 transducers(the same as yours, bought on ali) in which each transducer is driven by a 4427 gate driver...
Maybe it is super technical but if you had fun, this may be even funnier for you.
Great video as always.
This is a really sweet project idea 💡. You never disappoint sir! 🎉
OMG I just received 50 little transcievers in the mail about 30 mins ago. Im so excited for this!
Because the transducers resonate at 40khz, by using PWM you are actually AM modulating the signal because instead of low passing the PWM for retrieving the low frequency component, you are narrow bandpass filtering (about 4kHZ) so you get a 40khz sinewave with a 4khz bandwidth AM modulation.
I've seen these things in museums they work quite well.
I imagine if you take me away mount it in an arc you would get a more localized effect
Finally!!! Someone made a good video about Ultrasonic speakers.
Individually controlling the elements, or perhaps rings of them, might allow you to tighten up the sound cone by applying phase offsets to focus the beam.
can you create a directional microphone to capture directional speakers 🤔
🤪
Until recently museums had speakers in perspex domes to focus the sound downwards so that you could only hear the commentary/noise when you were standing directly underneath.
Acoustic levitation is done with a similar setup but each speaker can be individually controlled in that case which allows lightweight objects to be moved around in six degrees of freedom.
wonder if it would be possible to make the speakers on edge act like a Active noise cancelling speakers by playing an opposite wave to those that are in center , will it be much more directional.
終於，等到你更新啦❤
Fantastic project! One question; would it be possible (and any benefit) to drive the transducers like a phase array antenna?
Better question for me is, did that have bass? is the qualtiy good?
Audiophile detected
Wow, this is very cool. This means with a software tracking you, you can play sounds only you can hear. Cool. For example in a UN meeting where 50 or more different languages are translated this can be used to broadcast live translation to attending people. Very cool indeed.
It's laminar flow for sound.
With your 4 empty PCB, you could try to populate them at 25% and arrange them in a double size / same power transmitter to compare the range / directivity
the amplitude modulation also creates VLF radio waves
Interesting, I did not even know that directional speakers exist 😅
I was unaware of them for a long time. But they seem to get installed more and more in museums. ;-)
How your comment is 4days old ;-;
@@adittoyt patreons get early access
@@adittoyt time travel 😮
@@adittoyt With Patreon, you have early access to the videos.
Can this be used to do a phase array with Audio? Phase shift 😊
Hello,
May I ask what kind of a solid wire are you using when doing perf-board soldering - diameter and material of wire?
And where can I buy some?
Thank you for good content.
Might it work better if the speakers are angled slightly toward the centre?
Maybe do the transmitters in a satelitedich form instead of a flat square pcb
Is it possible to solder the transmitters slightly non-flat so that the beam maintains a narrower cone for a longer distance?
Now add phase shifters to steer the beam around. Then guide the beam with an UWB sensor to follow you around. This will be standard stuff in 10 years.
I've been wanting to try something similar since I heard about these things, so thanks for the video!
Curious why you went with a rectangular grid instead of the circular arrangement of the original.
Also, what about driving them in smaller groups (or individually) and creating a steerable phased array?
I highly reccommend the video from The Thought Emporium about echolocation and phased arrays, where they explain this type of speaker a little bit more in detail (really just a little more) and try to navigate blindfolded in a room wearing such a speaker.
Hey can you look into Meshtastic and poke around at the boards they produce?
I can put it on my to do list
DIY might be quieter because the Transducers you bought have a smaller-diameter membrane; it's just the housing that makes them look bigger.
what happens if placing a balsa wood thin veneer over them? doing this at normal speakers the sound improves.
I made a gaming wheel for only 2$. You can't beat me 😂 I challenge you!
I was looking for months for a good guide other than that gun for this 😭😭😭❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️ tysm
No problem ;-)
It used sine wave probably due to electromagnetic compatibility, your version pumps several amps of square wave through several cm wires, which must be RF nightmare.
what if for outer ring of speaker you use inverse sound of current one , that might create noise isolation from sides
I think the parallel connetion between the speakers can be a problem. The components are not exactly the same, so I think some speaker got more power than another, messing up the results.
I always love that "cost of parts is lower than whole product" while ignoring labour a cost of all the tools. Plus is it a DIY when you are kinda professional? 😀 (Like I know, you've made that yourself)
can we place a small one in a laptop so i can watch youtube videos or listen to other simple audios without disturbing others?
I would love to see some experiment videos about which wireless audio transmission method is the best. Recently, I saw the DIY Perks video with the wireless surround system. I'm more curious about whether his laser TOSLINK method is truly the best or are there any better way to send out an audio.
I can put it on my to do list :-)
it's like an audio lazer!
Kind of....yes ;-)
does this penetrate a double pane window?
Insightful and excellent. Thank you!
Buy it and then make it better. Good job.
now, what would happen if you took the outer line of "speakers" and reversed the polarity?
could you also make the "speaker" that elevates small styrofoam ball with that ultrasonic transmitters alligned to center on one point?
I can put it on my to do list ;-)
Is it possible cancel noise with this ?
The real question is why buy version is costlier 😅
May be (never scott designed) 😅
IIRC it should be single-sideband modulated for best performance.
Great video as always
Thanks :-)
Would have been great a year ago before i bought a directional speaker test kit from ebay shipped from japan.
How much was it?
135$
is the audio quality much worse or the same as audfly's Diresctional Speaker
I'm not sure why, but the speaker you linked (~€250) contains 63 transmitters, while the one you received and are presenting in the video contains only 49. Could it be that they sent you a different (possibly cheaper) model?
Great video! The programming may be beyond my skill. Is the Arduino code available anywhere?
In the description
Try and pause at 8:00, the price of the speakers is a bit confusing...is it 10 pieces for 20 euros, or 50 pieces for 2x 20 euros or what? It's not clear how much they cost, at least to me.
In an old episode of "Die drei Fragezeichen" Or The Three Investigators they had a Evil mastermind using these in the 80s to trick someone.
I was trying to do this with a Digital Signal Processor board but the software only goes to 20kHz.
Please explain the working: humans can not hear frequencies above 20kHz. So, you can’t hear 40kHz. And therefore, when you modulate a 40kHz signal, you will not be able to hear the modulated signal. How does it work? What am I missing?
Can we use l298N motor driver in place of H bridge you bought from amazon?
That also works. Keep in mind though that it will produce more power losses in the form of heat.
The sphere in Las Vegas uses this technology for the whole dome
I've recently 3D printed a holder for 37 circular arragned transmitters. I want to design it in a megaphone style and having some preloaded sound files to fire up virtual mosquitos at people 😀
Haha sounds like fun :-)
Again that handsome fellow 😳💪😉
So it’s a small diy LRAD. Very cool
Genius to replace am with pwm... I couldn't think that in like a week or even 2
It is truly sad, how cheap things are sold at such high price point. DIY is clear winner for me.
Now please make a cheap guitar addon board (ADC/DAC) for RPi with really low latency :)
Hey, maybe tou can try Flexduino ?? Basically an Arduino but with flexible PCB
I can put it on my to do list
@greatscottlab ok
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Nice project!
Z5500 speakers! a lot of sound it was for not that much money 😎😎😎
Person goes by on the sidewalk on the other side of those houses in the background: Music? O_O From where?!
I'm more interested in Noise cancelizer. Block every and all noise coming out of a private room or zone around me
Easier to use headphones for your porn watching...
Du kannst damit ein 3D Display bauen , gib das einfach mal bei RUclips ein: DIY ultrasonic voliumeteic Display. Ich find die Dinger richtig geil!
The Logitech speaker is permanently the test specimen for this RUclips channel.😂😂😂
Haha yes ;-)
Can you please make a drone using esp 32 and also tell how to make it's controller remote
A condition the project should be budget friendly (under $25)
It is for my science exhibition which is going to conduct in March month so please fulfill my requirement
It's an audio laser
Hmmmmm kind of. But certainly not perfect.
Perfect speaker to spook out people on sidewalk.
So gota DYI-it to try some projects
Can you send me your pcb files for the ultrasonic array?
You can find them in the video description.